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WEEKLY INTELLIGENCER ATLANTA, gEOBG I A , Wednesday, July 26,1865. THE CITY. On every side, in every direction, we see the evidences of improvement. A very large number of houses is being erected ; these buildings that are now being put up, :.re neither large nor elegant, but they are such structures as will answer the purposes ,,f our people until more prosperous days shall 011 us dawn. The demand for houses, to live in, as well as for business purposes, .seema to be on the increase; and the conse quence is that rents are ruling very high. The greater portion of our population, that has been in exile, have returned and are preparing to resume their business at this point, and all who left or were forced away are anxious to get back. They all say they cannot find anywhere such a delightful cli mate as Atlanta possesses, and especially do they 3eem to have thirsted for the cool, pure refreshing water tor which this section is so much noted. It is'a remarkable fact that any one who has lived here for a few months » never satisfied anywhere else. We notice with great pleasure that the woik upon the streets has been vigorously commenced. Alabama street that for months hAs been almost a nuisance, has been clean ed up and presents quite a changed appear ance. We hope that this good work will be con tinued until all our streets are iree from rubbish and obstructions, and all the guliics that the rains of the last twelve months have washed out, shall be iiiled up. Business seems to be quite lively generally t and a go-ahead spirit seems to have taken possession ol almost the entire community. liar “Georgia” is'welcomed to our col umns. Truly does he commend Ins views to ours. Truly does he write words of “truth and soberness." Ilia article will be found in another column. The writer will note that we have omit ted a line or two in (he first paragraph of his article. This wc havo done, as we are satisfied he was misinformed as to the po sition charged upon the distinguished gen tleman to whom he referred, la the letter referred to, he gave no such counsel.— “Georgia” will feiderStand us. STOBltl BBK\vi\fi-—ACTlON WE- I perils that threaten, and with the hope that I the attention of those competent to control DELAYS ARE DANGEUOt'S. When itris rendered certain that a partic ular step has to be taken, or do worse, it is the dictate ol good sense to take it at once, la all the affairs of life, our daily experience and constant observation teach us that de bus are dangerous; that procrastination is uotouly the “thiol of time but may also be said to be the parent ol much evil, and the author of mauy of our mishapf*in life In this connection we commend to our read ers a communicat ion lrorn “ A Citizen," in our paper to day. Ilia suggestions are practical, judicious and timely, andlt will be well for our citizens to act upon them. ilEN. STEEDAIAN’S ORDER No. 4. Wo commend to our readers General Or der No. 4, issued By Major General Steed- man, now in command of the Department of Georgia. Speaking of the aid which the military authorities are required by the President's proclamation to give the Gov ernor in his etforis to reorganize a’State gov ernment, he directs all officers on duty in this department to render such a r sistance u9 may be called lor by the Governor or his fiuly authorized agents, and says: “No interference by any person in the military service o! the United States with the official acts, orders, or efforts of the Provisional Governor, will be permitted. The militaiy authorities should sustain, not assume the functions of civil authority, except when the unsettled stated socjpty requires such assumption, as a last resource, to preserve peace and quiet." Strict discipline is enjoined, and pillaging and marauding, it is announced, will be se verely punished. Private property, he de- dares, will not be seized or impressed upon any pretext whatever, nor will the house of any citizen be searchtd for property unless the search is ordered upon sworn affidavit. No citizen is to he arrested upon the com plaint of another citizen, unless the accu sation, supported by the oath of the com plainant, would justify the issuing of a w&rraut in time of peace. Ail officers arc enjoined to abstain from interfering with the business affairs or so cial relations of citizens. While citizens arc to be protected iu all their lawful rights ami pursuits by the mil itary, it will be the duty, the order declares, of officers, to see that the dignity and au thority or tho military power of the gov ernment ii maintained and respected. The officers are directed, “ while enforcing strict discipline, tp be careiul tu protect the sol- viteMroin insult or indignities.” In reference to freeumen he says: “ The aged, and decrepid, and helpless women and children, made free by the President’s proclamation, living in the cabins of their iormer masters, will not be deprived of such homes until provision has been made i>>r them by the State or General Govern ment; but this protection will not'extend to those able to work, who will not be per milled to remain in idleness." Taken all iu all this order is wise, just and considerate; and its laithlut execution, by his subordinate officeisf will strare good order throughout our limits, ami preserve the peace ami quiet of societyZ Our people are naturally restive under military rule; but -wheu its administration, as iu this case, is guided by wisdom, controlled by justice, and executed with moderation, their good sense will piompt a cheerfui_acquiesence in the necessity that requires it. Again we comment a careful perusal of tile order to our citizens generally. The totai number of National Banks Is 1,440—39 of which were established last week with a capital of nearly $6,500,000, and nearly $1,500,000 of currency issued. Under the above heading, the Macon Tel egraph, of the 18th inst, makes the follow ing appropriate and sensible remarks: In the conduct of this journal we started out with the determination to tell the peo ple the truth; to present facta, however painful and unpalatable. We are not dis posed to deceive the people by portraying events iu false colors. Our only object is to convince them of the actual situation, so that the importance of prompt action may be realized. A temporizing non committal policy, however much it would suit the feelings and prejudices of the people, no honest man, no man who has the good of the country and his people at heart, should pureue. We have endeavored to be guided by moderation, accuracy, candor. It is now onr duty to inform the author ities, those to whose hands have been in trusted the management and control of our affairs, actual events that are now transpir ing, which require immediate and prompt action. We warn them that unless atten tion is directed at once to the conduct of the freedmen, the scenes of bloodshed and massacre of St. Domingo*will be re enacted in oui* midst before the close of the year.— We speak advisedly. We have authentic information of the speeches and conversa tion of the blacks, sufficient to convince us of their purpose. They make no secret of their movement. Tell us not that we are alarmists. After due investigation and re flection upon this matter, we have deter mined to talk plainly, without fear or favor, and if our voice of warning is not heeded, we, at least, will have the consoling reflec tion that we have performed our duty. One word to the people: Our safety and protection from such occurrences depend at present upon the military power of the Uni ted States; and it la competent to defend us. But how can we expect to guard against this state of things in the future? Does any sane man suppose that by a sullen and obstinate spirit of quiescence, the future well-being of the SttRe and of society, can be secured ? Iu a short time wc will be called upon to send delegates to a conven tion to form a State constitution. Is it not important that men of statemanship aud wisdom should represent us ? Upon the action of the next legislature depends in a great measure, our future tranquility, safely and prospeiity. You, people of Georgia, are to elect them. They are to be chosen by you. Will you not at once qualify your- t elves for the exercise of the elective fran chise ? Argument upon this subject is unnecces- siry. Every thinking man must admit, there »s but one course left us. dictated by reason and common sense. We will not insult the intelligence of the people by an elaboration of to>s subject. The remedy for our present situation is self evident aud too app? r ent for discussion. Lot those who have been the leaders of the peopi^ come out and address them publicly, as they do iu private, and wge them*to action. It is natural that our people should feel dispiri ted and gloomy. By the results of the war, they fiuu the accumulation of years, swept away. They find themselves bankrupt.— The capital we had in slaves is gone, but all is not gone. Our lands remain—our energy remains. We st'*U have strong arms and stout hearts to battle with adveisity. We are left the privilege of controlling our own local legislation and affairs in our own way. Let us qualify ourselves then, and use the privilege wisely, prudently. From all we have seeu about U9, and have heard from different portions of the State, wc are satisfied that the apprehensions cf the Telegraph are not groundless. A spirit of reckless improvidence and an entire in difference as to the events of the iuture, seem to have taken possession of the minds of a majority of the negroes of the coun try. Without judgment, without foresight —attributes that not many of them have hitherto been called upon to exercise, as their planning and thinking has been done for them by the whites—these delude d crea- tures?have become possessed with the idea tliatithey are free to do just as they please. Every one that has any knowledge of the negro character, knows that nine out of ten of them are indolent and entirely disin* clined to work or to make any effort what ever, if any labor is required, when left to pursue the bent ol their inclinations. They seem to think, if they think at all, that in some mysterious way shelters will be pro vided to shield them from the blasts of au tumn and the storms of winter, Which will soon be upon them, and hence with a reck less abandon that is perfectly marvelous, they leave comfortable homes where hither to they have lived in the enjoyment of as much happiness as any laboring people on earth, and where they seemed to be peifect- ly satisfied until their weak heads became crazed with the idea of being free. As to subsistence for the future, they must be cal culating that they will be fed as were the ancient children of Israel in the wilderness, with quails and manna from lleaven; for not the least provision do they seem to be making for a future supply. The scenes of the farm and the dull rou tine of plantation work, are evidently too tame and too commonplace to suit their be wildered imaginations F*nd in crowds they throng the ways that lead to the cities, and then they herd as best they can. Some of them get into cellars or under houses—oth ers under frail board shelters, and others spread themselves upon the naked ground* With no shelter save the broad canopy of heaven. What is to become of these poor deluded creatures a few months hence—how they are to be sheltered against the storms of winter—how they are to be fed and clothed, 5ud how they arc to be prevented from .iaUiiCriuiil'aic theft and robbery, are questions oi fearful import, and calls most loudly upon those whose «?.uty it now is to take action ia the premises, to be active and prompt ia the adoption of measures called for iu this emer gency, if they wish to prevent the - en actment of scene* at which humauity shud ders, and Which, if permitted to transpire, will bring a reproach upon the civilization of the nineteenth century. A heavy obligation rests somewhere to take such action in reference to these mat ters, as will prevent the dire consequences that seem to be threatened. The former owners cf these people, by the force of cir cumstances, are rendered powerless in the premises; and consequently are free from all responsibility in reference thereto; bat their humane feelings and a desire to pro mote t he cause of philanthropy, will induce them to render every assistance in their power in the proper adjustment of these dif ficult matters. The foregoing remarks have I this matter, may be attracted to it, and that such measures may be adopted as will pre serve the peace and promote the happiness and prosperity of our entire people. THE AMNESTY OATH. In a recent interview had with Governor Johnson, at the Capital of the State, by the Editor of this journal, liis Excellency manifested the strongest desire to give the people of the State outside of the excepted classes, every early opportunity to take and subscribe the oath embraced in the Presi • dent’s Amnesty Proclamation of the 29th May last; consequently he baa requested us to notify the inhabitants of the adjacent counties, and of the counties in Upper Georgia, that a United States Military Offi cer will be detailed for each of those coun ties to administer said oath, 'at as early a day as practicable; and in the event that said officer should require blank printed forms to facilitate their labors, the Gover nor has authorized and requested us to say, that, upon their requisition, this Office will supply them with the same in such quantities as may be required in each county. Therefore, we lake pleasure in stating, that as soon as we are furnished with a copy of the form that may be adopted by the Military Authorities in administering the oath, we shall proceed to fill all orders for blanks that may be directed to us from the Officers detailed to administer the same in the counties before designated. Like the Governor, we too are solicitous that our people shall have an early oppoiv tunity of demonstrating their willingness to accept the proposed amnesty, and their earnest desire to see Georgia again under civil government—law and order, and peace and prosperity, t again prevailing within her borders. Until then, and as long as our noble old State shall be subjected to milita ry rule—however lenient, as if has been, and however protective, as it now is—she is in an unnatural position—the genius ol her people, their intelligence, habits, and in - stiucts. all inclining them to what the Prf.s- ident, in his Amnesty Proclamation, de clares under the Constitution of the United States they are entitled to, “a Republican form of Government." Officers in the counties referred to, who may be without, or desire to he furnished with blank forms, will please' address “ 1n- TELtlGENCER OFFICffi, ATLANTA, Gx. In connection with the foregoing, yjc no tice in an order ot Maj.'Gen. Thomas, the Commandant of this Military Division, that blanks for the purpose of administering the Amnesty Oath, will be furnished each de partment from the Office of the Provost Marshal General, at Nashville, Tennessee. Georgia being one of Gen. Thomas’ depart ments, can therefore be supplied with blanks from the source indicated. We will be ready, however, to supply all orders, as sta ted in the foregoing, to facilitate ^ work Which the srxmer it is done tile bcUcr for the State. been made under a solemn conviction of the I WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH HIM t Regarding the negro—the freed negro of the Southern States—what shall be done with him, is a momentous question; one requiring, nay, demanding the profoundest statesmanship and wisdom to solve, all others connected with the Iuture of this sunny land, and his future too, sinking into comparative insignificance before it It is a fixed fact that the negro is free. So it is received By those who but a.short time ago claimed and- held him tQ be a slave, and so it must be heneetorth admitted. By tire power of the sword, that dread and final arbiter of all political disputes between na tions, or revolutions within nations, the once negro slave, is now a freeman, aud, what to do with him may well embarrass the wisest in the land. Four millions of a helpless, ignorant, deplorably ignorant, and dependent race, in the twinkling of an eye as it were, turned looie to take care oi themselves—to rival the white man in his pursuits, to advance in the scale of ciyilizas tion and thrive, or to retrograde and perish. The transition, how* sudden! The respon sibility upon those who brought this, state of things about, how appaling ! How shall it be met? What must be done ? Perhaps trom the past a lesson may be learned.— Elsewhere, in other nations, negro emanci pation from slavery has prevailed, with re sults so foreign from any ever anticipated by its advocates that it were well now to review and profit by them. From a condensed statement which we find in the Louisville Democrat, we make the following extracts. Few, that paper says, “realize the results of emancipation, while mauy, in general jubilee of rejoicing look to it as a grand philanthropic measure to command the approbation of the world ” Passing on it says : “Thore are now in the West li*ha Is lands 150,000 square miles of the most pro ductive land, in the most salubrious clmate in the world, lying fallow, a desert waste, in consequence of this measure of emancipa tion. The freed negro basks in hilennss and degradation in a laud of flowering beauty ana fruitfulness comparable to the garden of our first parents. Broad ports, in which na vies might ride, are deserted and empty.— Beautiful fields, over which abundant su gar cane floated in plentiful lavish ness, are grown *ank with weeds. The coffee plan tations are deserted, and the precious beau grows wild in the places where it once was cultivated. On every side there is the mark of ruin and desolation. The wild grains are the sign of a past prosperity ; the degraded negro, the successor ol the enterprising and vigorous white. This, in an extent of ter ritory equal to Georgia, Alabama and Mis sissippi. Cuba takes off 4,200 square miles, and Cuba, where slavery still exists, is pros perous. With other deductions there will remain 54,000 square miles almost, if not entirely, uncultivated.” Can any land compare with what those islands were, and are, to prom >te the negro race aad to advance him Lite SCulc* of civ ilization ? Can imagination paint a picture more congenial to a race sprung and multi plying under “ Afric’s burning sun, ” than is presented in the one drawn fn the forego ing extract? But, it is to results we must look, and so must all upon whom now de volves the responsibility of providing for the negro. They are startling and no less true than startling. To profit by, let the reader note them well 1 In 1834, when emancipation took place, a brilliant career of prosperity was foretold. .Let us see wh&t has been the actual results, „ la 180), the West Indies exported 17,000, 000 lbs of cotton, and the United States 17,- 689 803 lbs. They were at this time, it will be seen, nearly equally productive. • Let us, however, examine one island, Hayti where the results of emancipation are best seen. This island i9 408 miles in length, with a maximum width of 163.— The number of square miles is 27,690, ot which 10,091 are comprised in the Haytien, or negro republic, and the balance in the Dominican. Its population was estimated from 550 000 to 650.000. Its climate and soil is incomparable. The earth abounds in jewels, in precious minerals. Gold, silver, copper, iron tin, sulphur, reck salt, j isper, marble, me found. * The islands sit like jewels in the golden seas. The tall and graceful palm lifts its fringed top over plains of verdure starred with rare flowers. The spreading mahoga ny lays its dark shadow over velvet grass that bounds the borders ol fair, bright rivers. Birds, with rare brilliant plumage, flash like gleams of light amoBg the scented foliage. Broad, fertile lagoons shine among the groves of orange, citron, and coffee, and every hill and proroontory is rounded into, a graceful outline of beauty. To describe the seenery seems reveling in descriptions ol poetry and romance. Plantains, bananas, yams, mangroves, tnillet, oranges, niaiza, pine apples, melons, jgrapes, grow in wild uncultivated abundance. Cultivation pro duces coffee, cccoa, sugar, indigo,cotton aud tobacco. In 1790, Hayti supplied halt of Europe with sugar. It was a French colony, with a population of 500.000, of which 33.360 were whites, and 23,370 free negroes. The remainder were slave? Under the fever of the French revolution, a spirit similar to that our country now feels, the doctrines of liberty and fraternity were applied to the colony. In 1793, Hayti was freed. There have been seventy years of experience with the wo3t disastrous results. If the negro has any capacity for free government, it ought to be shown in Hayti. Let us make a statistical comparison and see the results. In 1790, the value ot the exports were $27,828,000, the pribcip i! pro duetions being as follows : Sugar—lbs 163,405.220 Coffee “ 68,151.180 Cotton “ 6,286,126 Indigo “ 930,016 Lut us take a view nearly forty years af ter when this emancipation was to yield such a splendid return to a philanthropic world. In 1836 the figures stood thus : Sugar—lbs 32 S64 Coffee “ 32.189,784 Cotton “ 620.972 Iadigo “ None At this day there is no sugar exported, coffee and logwood being the only exports. The coffee is gathered wild from the moun tains and the abandoned French planta tions. All that is required to be done is to cut down the tree and carry it to market.— The cultivation has ceased The statistics of 1849, the latest published, are of expor tion: Sugar—IBs None. Coffee « 30,608,343 Cotton “ 544,516 Senator Sumner, in a recent speech, esti mated the exports of Hayti at 2,683,000, and Mr. Sumner is an abolitionist. In 1790, the exports were 27,828,000. Was such a spec tacle of decay ever witnessed before ? Hay ti, which seventy years before supplied half Europe with sugar, ia now supplied from the United States, or rather, was before the war. The writer then turns to Jamaica. Facts and figures are presented which ought to, if they will not, qpake a deep impression upon both our Government and people. He says: Let us now turn to Jamaica. It ia about 150 miles long by 50 in width. Its area is about 64.000 square miies. The last census was taken in 1844. when the population stood as follows: Whites 15.779; negroes 293,128; mulattos, 68 529. Ttie white pop ulation is dying out through the blood of the negro. The,negroes irecd in 1833 were to serve five years apprenticeship. The planters were paid $30,000,000 for the loss of ser vice. The value of exports, as published in Harper & Brother’s Cyclopse lia of Com merce, before and since emancipation,'is as follows: BEFORE EMANCIPATION. Years. Value of Exports. f800 £3,033,234 1810 2.303,576 AFTER EMANCIPATION. £837,276 932,316 a decline of three-fourths. An other way is to estimate the quantity of the productions before and since. In 1805 two years before the prohibition of Africau’emi gration, the productions of Jamaica were as follows: 1853 1854 Here is PRODUCTIONS OF JAMAICA IX 1805. Sugar—hhds # l 50,352 Hum—punch 49 837 Pimento-lbs l,04l|540 Coffee—lbs 17*961,923 Then the productions were at the highest point. They afterwards declined, aud in 1834 it stood: Sugar hhds 847.3s Hum—punch* 33 1H Pimento—lbs S.GOs’ioO Co%e—lbs.., 17,725,731 The first year alter emancipation, produc tions declined nearly 1,000,000 hhds coffee declined 7,000,000 pounds. This decrease steadily continued, and, in 1856, the produc tions of JamaicS stood : Pimento—lbs........ Coffee—lbs. Sugar—hhds t>*t Rum-punch *////// %%% 6 848.622 3,328,147 The only article which has increased is pimento, or allspice. Tue reason of the in crease is that the pimento is not cultivated, bu* grows wild in many places. From a report made to the House of As sembly during the years, J838, ’40 50 ’51 and o2, we find the following: ’ Sugar estates abandoned i >8 Sugar estates partially abandoned. *.'. *. *. 71 Coffee plantation abandoned 96 Coffee plantations partially abandoned!. 66 Making a total of 891,187! la the five years succeeding emancipation there were abandoned: Sugar estates 140. comprising 168.032 Ou'uec plantations 465, comprising* .188,400 Added to the foregoing, it is slated that the “ Cyclop a;- lia of Commerce” says “ the negro is rapidly receding into a savage state, and that unless there ia a large and imme diate supply of immigrants, all society will come to a speedy end, and the Island (Ja maica) become a second Hayti." Such are the results of emancipation elsewhere. What they will be in the South ern States, time only can tell. Certain it is that if the. negro bi saved from receding into savage a state, it can only be by some well regulated system of labor, and that this system must be devised by the white man—he will devise none for himself.— More than this, that system must be de vised, not by those who are ignorant ot his habits, his disposition, his nature, and who never associated with him, but by those who do, aud who have bceu with him as a boy, aud grown up with him as a man. His labor and control left to New Eugland dic tation, and the Squth would soon hi come a second Hayti. His political and social statu?, if left to the Boston fanatics, would soon make the South another Jamaica, and the negro race in it tepidly receding into a savage state.” To the 'combined wisdom, therelore, of the whole nation, in the name of humanity, we appeal, as well for the negro asj the white race ; see to it that the results follow in g emancipation in the West India Islands, do not follow 4t iu there Southern States. We fear it cot, if the negro be made to feel and know that “ by the sweat of his brow he must earn his daily bread that the freedom bestowed upon him is vot to be wasted in idleness; that he is free, but. free only to labor, and to observe all the restrictions which law, order, society, and morality, impose upon the white mar; and that the mark by which the Creator lias designed he shall be known as being of a distinct race, will not be wiped oui; that this Js a white man’s government, the negro being governed in it Taught this, the negro may escape the late ol his race iu the West India Island, and the Southern States, in their productions, the same sad results. In a word, yielding freedom to the slave, let it, for the sake ol humanity, aud for civiltz ition, prove a blessing and not a curse to him. This in his changed relation to his former master, is what his former master, if it be lelt to him, would honestly endeavor to promote. OJiet »vi e, the future, who can divine? dOVERNOK JOHNSON AT UOM»- THE POLICY OF THE GOVERN- - Ft ENT. The Columbus Enquirer of Friday last tells us that the public reception given to Governor Joi/nson at his home, was par^ ticipated in by all classes, the crowd ia at tendance being large, perfect order prevail ing in all the dispositions of the ovation, while a complete absence of all excitement, exultation, or ill-feeling, prevailed during the ceremonies of the occasion. This demon stration on the part of the people of Colum- bus, flattering as it must have been to our provisional Governor, does npt surprise us, nor will it surprise any who know that peo ple and the relations which the recipient of the honors conferred upon him, lias borne to Columbus lor many long years. In a fervent and eloquent address, L. T. Down ing, Esq, welcomed the Governor to his home, assuring him of the confidence and high esteem of that community. The res ponse of the Governor, or a sketch thereof is reported in the Enquirer, and we take oc casion to extract therefrom certain portions to which we call the special attention of out- readers for the following reasons: In this, and in other cities of Georgia, complaint has been made by impatient indi viduals at what they have presumed to be unnecessary delay on the part of the Gov ernor in the work of restoring Georgia to civil government and her rights as a State in the “ Union"—that the election for dele gates to a convention, aud the assembling of that convention, have been unnecessarily procrastinated, aud should have been ap pointed for a much earlier period. The Governor himself answers these impatient individuals, convincingly we trust: “The first objection that had reached him was a complaint that the election of dele gates and time for the meeting of the con- vention had not been ordered at earlier days. People were becoming anxious to return to an allegiance from which they were striving to escape but a short time since! We bad lived four years under a law forbidding the exercise ot many of the powers of civil government—suspending executions, etc. The first difficulty in the way of an earlier election was that there were not many military posts, and btit few officers- among us authorized to administer the preliminary oath- He did not want only a few votes to be cast in the election , he wanted the convention to represent and embody the wish of the people. Action upon the* special applications for pardon will take some time. He did not wish to deprive those applicants of an opportunity to participate in the election. lie hoped that The .convention would make but few changes in the old constitution, and would make its action final—not submit the con stitution to a vote of the people. By such course we can probably have civil Jaw restored by the first of January. After such a revolution as we have had—after four years of anarchy, strife and desolation —this would be making rapid progress ^to wards a restoration of civil government.’ Af er lour long years of estrangement and bloody war, we agree with the Goyei- nor that it will be making rapid progress, if, by the first of January next, civil law and civil government can be restored to the State. Not only must those wno reside in the gities of our S'ale be enlightened in re Fard to what is proposed to, and is expected of them, but the same intelligence must be communicated to the ia f Vorj f C ' oun , ty thereof, and the same opportunities and privileges be extended to them, that may p e to the people of Augusta, Macon, Co- lu l5bn*, or Atlanta. It is demanding too much to assume that the fea shall control the many—-that because .he men Oi the Cities are prepared to go on with the work of re construction, or will be in the space of a month, the men of the country, who cannot possibly be in the same length of time, must be excluded from their privilege and right to participate in the same important work. When Georgia goes back to the “ Union,” we desire to see her go back not by a sma'L minority vote of her people, but by and through the voice ot that large majority ol her voters, who, if the opportunity be given them, will demonstrate at the polls their unmistakeablc willingness to accept the am nesty granted by the President, that Geor gia may again be enrolled as one of the States of the “Union." The varied inter ests too of this} great Siato, demand that, iu the Convention, every sectional interest shall be represented. Towns aud Rabun Decatur aud Ware should, through del. gates, be iu that body, as w- U as Chat hum aud Richmond, or as Fulton and Bibb, it i3 to be a People s Convention, and not a convention composed of da*vgates from a comparatively tew favored 1 calities, whom war has not robbed of intelligence, nor the people ol speedy facilities to qualify ib c >[u- selves for voting, or individuals of taking part iu the s ilemu deliberations tin roof - Governor John-on han d me right in i/ivia <■ the whole people lime iu q i tii y and vole The complaint is uure^sonabje that he has- been loo tardy. We hope, now that his policy aud motives are explained and known, to hear no more ol it. It “cveiy dog should have his .chance,” why should not every man in the State have 1ms, in this great work of political regeneration ? Another complamt indulged ir, is that Governor Johnson does not appoint civil magistrates—that there arc no courts j lu sheriffs, no State or County officers —that w. are without civil law. The Governor in hri speech, thus answeis these complaints; “ Governor Johnson said that it was prop er and important, that we sin ml 1 undemintul our real present condition. We were brought under the military rule of the United ihates by the war and its results. From tho e u suite,-however disagreeable, we could not. eseape- Oau ol them was, that we were without civil magistrates of any kind—we had ho courts, no sheriff*, no State or .county officers—they had all been swept off !>y th. revolution. The only power within th;> State was military rule; lor all personal oi public wrongs the only redress was by the inilifary tribunals. He would have prele- red to have had it difibreut. Tue profit* were extremely anxious for him to make appointments of State a id c-usiiy officers He had refused on tin?ground tl:.v, !t/h d no authority. Could he eommu«iou the o! ficers, and for what lergth of Unu-? Hi own term of-office depended on the pleai-ur of the President. Ia addition to lii.'i, \\ be. - is thc-ir compensation to cuuie lrorn ? pq.- United Stales does uot pay civil c Ulcers States, and the o*a*c has no lu.ids—.-i d bas any, they are not under his control.— None will therefore be appointed, the a t pointment of such officers is, right that belo;; n- ntoreover, a to the people, and iis ex ercise should bu left to 1 he people." Iu the foregoing, ilia reader who has been disposed to complain, will see the reason or the refusal of the Governor to appoint civil State or County officers, lie refuses on the ground that he has no authority to do so.— What though it has been done by Provision al Governors in other States, still if authori ty i3 not vested in him to do so, how can he assume any atch prerogative ? Our people must not be impatient. For a time they must conform patiently to military ride.— This revolted State of < nrs mus be re. 0 ;,..e.t as is prescribed by the lb,si lea*, -uv! eui~ not be in any other manner. Not t/us one's preferences, nor that one’s preferences, are to be regarded iu the work of restoration, but the preferences of that Government whose head directs, and whose wisdom con trols. Let us not, therefore, be an reason a ble in our expectations! Let ua not n q-iiie what cannot be conceded by the Governor To place Georgia at as early a period an practicable, where she was before the war, with the consent of her whole people, he may not expect, but to do so by the voice of* nineteen-twentieths of ihem, if uot more, he does, and the Utile time required to do this, should surely not be deemed too long lor its accomplishment. GENERAL NEWS. The trial of Mary Harris for the killing of A. J. Burroughs, a clerk in the Treasmy Department, is drawing to a close. On Saturday five physicians were respectively on the stand to give their opinions in lqm ihetical cases, in order to prove the insanity of the accused. All the doctors, however, did not agree, one of them saying that, as physician at the j iiJ, he saw the prisoner generally every day. lie had never ol • served any indications of insanity in h r, but his attention had nc-v> r been called i<> her mind. With reference to Emerson Etheridge, the Louisville Journal stales that he was arrested in Gibson county, Tenu.,' several days ago, by Lieut. Col. Deboz y, and taken to Columbus, Ky., where Lieut. Co). Debc zey is in Command. Mr. E'heridge had been delivering speeches to the people ot an exceedingly exasperating character, de nouncing the President pers xnally and aba sing the Government generally. - Fifteen ocean steamers lelt New Yoik on Saturday. Of this number two sailed for Liverpool, one for Glasgow, one for lire men, three for Noifeik and Richmond, one for Vera Cruz, two for New Orleans, one for Nassau, and one each for Charleston, Savannah, Wilmington and Beaufort, N. C. For this wet-k twenty-four steamers are al ready advertised, thirteen of which are to sail next S ilurday. A boiler in the steam saw mill on the northwest corner of Second ave. aud Fifty- fourth st,' exploded about 11 o’clock, on ' Saturday forenoon, from what cause is not known, demolishing a portion of the C3tab- lisbmen’, killing the fireman, dangerously scaldi/Tg two, and slightly injuring three others of the employees. Major Gtn. Hooker lias piomulgated his firkt official order in New*York, in which he announces that he has assumed com maad of the Department of the East, re lieving Major Gen Dix. The order speci fies tbe territory included iu the depart ment, and designates the members of the Departments! Siafl. Mr. H. Siraoa Stern, employed by the friends of Jeff. Davis to obtain a speedy tri al for the prisoner, has been info lined by the Government, iu reply to an application iie«iade to be permitted to see Davis, thi-t no access will be allowed to him by counsel until he arrive? In W ash log ton, Lieut. Commander F. IL Lewis, Unlitd States Navy, has been temporarily assigned to the command of the Naval Academy — On the re establishment i f the Academy iu October nex’, Admiral Porter will take charge as Superintendent ot the institution,