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Sn-Illicit! ii €l)ronidc&ocntind. WILLIAM E. JONES & Co. AUGUSTA, Ga. SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 21, !83ft. Vol. 11l No. 151 T:iR CHKONII LK AMD SRNTINEL PUBLISHED, D -ILY, TRI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY, At No. Broad-street. terms: Daily paper, Ten Dollars per annum, in advance. Tri-Weekly paper, at Six Dollars in advance or S jven at the end of the year. Weekly paper, Three Dollars in advance,or Four at ilio end of year. CHRONICLE AND SENTIiNEL. AURCS T A . if • FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 20. The Mail. —Last night being failure night, we have nothing further from Congress. It will be seen by reference to our Milledgc ville letter, that the hill in relation to the Central j Bank has passed the House of Representatives, j with amendments. Wc shall know to-morrow whether the Senate will, or not, concur in the amendments. We presume, however, that this bill of abominations is destined to pass into a law in some shape or other. General Jackson was a great currencv tinker, but his followers in the Legislature ol Georgia out-Herod Herod —they out-Jackson Jackson himself. What a glorious currency we shall have! Four or five millions of dollars issued upon old notes, bonds and worthless accounts as a basis! ! Just let this bill pass, md then we shall let out upon this second Yazoo Legislature! We shall hold back our thunder till the fleetl is done. “ The Southern First Class Book,” a new work designed for the use of Schools and Academies’ in the South and West, a copy of which has been laid on our table by the publishers in this city Messrs. J. W. and T. S. Stoy, and T. H. Plant, comes to us with such strong recommendations that we cannot doubt its high value. We have glanced through it and take great pleasure in ad ding our testimony to that of many others already given, that it deserves in an eminent degree the patronage of the public of the South. Wc hope that instructors of youth will introduce it into immediate use in their seminaries of learning. Ii is by Mr. M. M. Mason, principal of the Vineville Academy at Macon Georgia, and can be had of cither of the publishers in this city. Robert Raymond Reid, formerly of this ci ty, has been appointed by the President of the U. States, Governor of the Territory of Florida, in the place of Gov. Call, superseded. From our Correspondent. Milledgeville, December 17, 1839. The Senate, on yesterday, refused to reconsi der their passage of the bill repealing the estab lishment of the Branch of the Bank of the State of Georgia, in this city. The motion was lost by a majority of 24. The Senate refused to take up Mr. Stanford and Mr. Alexander’s resolutions in relation to Banks. They seem to think that they have heat; enough on this topic, during the present session. They passed by a constitutional majority, the bill to amend the 7th section of the 2d article of the constitution. They also passed a bill regulating proceedings in equity; a hill declaratory of the remedy of a freeholder, through whose land any of the char tered railroads may pass; and about a dozen lo cal and private bills. They rejected and laid upon the table for the balance of the session, several measures which came up daring the day. The bill to repeal the act to restrain, prevent and make penal the payment, tendering, &c. any note, ticket, check, &c. as paper money. To alter the mode of appointing Clerks of the Court of Ordinary, in the several counties of this State. Amendatory of the act of 1838, authorizing the business of banking. Pointing out the mode of legalizing bastards i and adopted children. And the bill repealing several sections of the act of 1838, authorizing the sale of scrip or certificates of State debt. The House of Representatives, on yesterday, were chiefly employed in the investigation of the contested election from Sumpter county, which eventuated as you were last evening advised. They rejected the bill providing for the raisin' a permanent fund for common schools, by laxa tion. The bill more effectually to secure the prompt collection of all writs of fieri facias and ca. sas. For the relief of Constables in certain cases. They passed the bill (with a multiplicity of amendments) to prevent Banks from selling ex change at a higher rate per cent, than is therein specified. On to-day the House passed the bill of the Senate, extending the charter of the Central Bank, and giving them further powers. A few j days since I gave you a brief notice of the con , tents of the bill. The House have slightly I amended it, in one particular, that is now recol lected—instead of authorizing the General As sembly, by joint ballot, to elect the Directors, the House have deemed it best to empower the Exec l utive to make that selection, anil confer the ap -1 pointment. It is perfectly plain, that the Loco I Focos have determined upon a further emission lof Dank bills, at all events. How very incon- I sistent, Messrs. Editors, is this resolve, and the I deed consequent upon it, with the boisterous de ■ nunciation of all Banks, and unqualified ridicu- lous ’• hard protestations of these Demo cratic Republican Bentonians, The bill reported in relation to the Maine diffi culty, gave rise to an exhibition of much feeling, and was finally adopted by a vote of 141 to 43. Mr. Chappel opposed the measure upon consti tutional objections, in an able effort. Ho was replied to by Messrs. Stephens and Crawford. I was unfortunately not in that Chamber when the debate arose, and was only apprised of it in time to hear Mr. Chappell and the two gentlemen in reply. Mr. Crawford was eloquent in the ex pression of the purest and most devoted patriot ism. Mr. Stephens also sustained his reputation, which is quite con adorable. It is thought the Senate will not act on this question, on account of the very few days now to be spent in session. The bill in relation to the citizens of Maine, directs a quarantine of one hundred days, and prescribes a penalty for non-compliance therewith by the citizens of that state —it is declared to be a penitentiary offence. For the Chronicle 4- Sentinel. Health of Augusta. And the serpent cast out of his mouth, &c., &c. Rev. c. xn. Messrs. Editors:— The importance of the question, What is the true cause of the preva lence of the recent epidemic in our city? is the only apology I oiler in requesting your attention to the following remarks. The Committee of Physicians attiibute the prevalence of the fatal scourge entirely to the 200.000 feet of animal and vegetable matter con tained in the trash wharf. 'Flic fanatical de: lers in the fiery indign ition of God’s wrath, assure us it is a visitati >n o:' Heaven. I wish to examine the position of each. The Committee say. in their reso iutions, that there are 200.000 feet of vegetable and animal matter con tained in the trash wharf, and this is assuming an organic character for brick bats, &c., &c., &c., too tedious to think of, much leis to mention.— But to bo accommodating, let us say there are 200.000 feet of vegetable and animal mat’er in such a stale of decomposition as to yield sulphu retted hydrogen gas, which is supposed to ho so very injurious to animal life. It is generally ad mitted that steam raised from boiling water occu pies 1800 times as much space as the water did from which it was raised, and that the whole of the water may he converted into steam. In the ab sence of experiment, wc may assume the same pro portion for our subject, and we then have 200,000 X. 1,800“ 360,000,000, say 3CO million cubic feet. We do not know, precisely, the tempera ture required t ) produce gas from : uch a heap of rubbish, hut we may safely calculate on its pro duction from the Ist of April to the 31stof Octo ber, a period of two hundred and fourteen days, and then 361) million _ 1,682,242 cubic feet of 214 gas produced per diem. 100 inches atmospheric air weighs 30 J grains, and 100 inches sulphuret ted Hydrogen weighs 36,006 grains; therefore the hitter is heaviei than common air, and has a ten dency to fall rather than rise from the situation in which it is generated. The banks of the river during the summer, presented a facade of about 39 feet, ..ear the trash wharf, and the river is about 600 feet wide, wc have therefore a column of atmospheric air presenting a sectional area of 39 X 600“ 23,100 feet, and if we suppose the average velocity of the air to be equal to one foot per second, we have m 34 hours 86,400 seconds, and hence 86,400 X 23,400 = 20,217,600,000 cubic feel of atmospheric air passing within the limits ol the banks ol the river per diem. The proportion of sulphuretted hydrogen to common air consequently stands thus 1.088.243 , or rc . ■20,217,600,000 duced to a lower expression, about one foot sul phuretted hydrogen to 12018 common air. Du pytron states that 1-800 killed a bird, and that it was necessary to reduce the proportion to 1-100 to prevent death. According to Chancier, 1-250 v ill kill the strongest horse, -ml 1-265 ought to kill a man. Yet it is ascertained by experiment ; on the sewers of Paris, that a man could work without inconvenience in 1-100, and that the men constantly breathed 25 to 90 thousandths of this gas. These figures and sac’s show that the Committee have assumed a cause entirely too local. “ Right” isl remember right—in your Wed nesday’s paper exhibits an excellent specimen of Christian feeling.—l' is both amusing and curi ous to trace such ideas to their true motive, hid -1 den as it is in the devious intricacies of a human heart. The gambler solves a doubt by a bet, but the ignorant enthusiast in the shape of cant ing steamers, &c. &c. refers such matters to God am' the Devil—reason is out of the question here. The tar was not all burnt, the feather renovator lives in Centre street. —“Right” may be able to concatenate this singular concatenation of ideas. I may have a few remarks for the Committee when I have seen their report. Yellow Fever. Augusta, Decen her 14, 1839. Correspondence i if the Charleston Courier. Washington, December 15. The House adjourned last night, at 9 o’clock, after six ineffectual hallotings for Speaker. On the sixth ballot, Mr, Jones had 39; Mr. Hell, 21 ; Mr. Dawson, (who had requested his friends not to vote for him.) 1 ; Mr. Pickens, 4; Mr. Lewis, 1 79 ; Mr. Hunter 63 ; Mr. Lincoln, 11 ; .Scatter ing, 10. The South Carolina Delegation hold the balance and there are four or five of them, who will not vote for John W. Jones, or any “Proclamation, Force-bill, Submission man.” The Whigs are uniting upon Hunter, of Va., a • j Sub-Treasury Whig. The South Carolina Gen- tlemen above referred to will ultimately vote for ! Hunter, if the Jones party will not go for Lewis. ; 1 here are some half dozen Jones men, who nev er will vote for Lewis, as they now say, of rouse- } quenco Mr. Hunter will be elected, perhaps, on the second Ballot on Monday. This will ho an opposition triumph. It will give the Whigs the organization of the House, and no doubt, will prevent the passage of the Sub Treasury, at this or the next session in any form. In the Democratic caucus, Mr. Jones had 50 votes; Dixon H. Lewis, 49. Two members who were for Lewis being accidentally out of the room when the vote was taken—and very few of the State Rights’ Democrats present. One consequence of the election of Hunter, it is thought, will he the immediate admission of j the Jersey excluded Whig members. They will ' demand to be sworn, and Hunter, it is said, will i administer the oath to them. If Kcmpshall gels | here, to-rnorrow, they will perhaps, ho admitted, : any how. Ohio.— The legislature of this state convened I at Columbus on the 2d instant. General M Laughlin was elected Speaker of the Senate, by a j unanimous vole, and Mr. M’Nulty, editor of an agrarian newspaper, was chosen clerk. In the House of Representatives, Thomas J. Buchanan was chosen Speiker, and Mr. Dimick, another agrarian editor, was chosen to the clerkship. The great and glorious work of reform was commenced on the first day of the session, and Ohio came within one vote of having abundant means of re-establishing her credit, and negotia ting as many loans in Europe as she pleases. A motion was made to save the state seventy-five , cents per diem, by abolishing the office of page, | or messenger-buy to the House. An animated i debate ensued upon the proposition. Mr. Jen- I kins, who wished the place abolished, said lie ) preferred to carry his propositions to the chair himself. Mr. Flood declared that should the page ho dispensed with, he would support a mo tion to dispense with the sergeant at arms, and for the members to lake turns in making fires and sweeping the hall. Jenkins, to test the question, called for the ayes and nocs. They stood 34 to 34, and so the question for re-appointing the mes senger, was declared lost by the Speaker. Some one then discovered that the Speaker had not vo ted, and insisted on having his name called, which after debate on the question of order was done. He voted aye, so the question was carried—and the people ofOhio are again to be saddled with the expense of a messenger boy, and must look out for hard times.— N. Y. Com. Adv. Correspondence of the New Orleans Bulletin. City of Austin, (Texas,) Nov. 22, 1839. The Congress of this Republic convened in I this city on Monday the 11th inst. A quorum being present, they immediately proceeded to the election of the ordinary officers, and afterwards to the transaction of the regular business, for which they had convened. Among the most im portant subjects which have been introduced thus far, is a hill imposing a tax of one thousand dol lars on all persons retailing intoxicating liquors in less quantities than a quart This hill was introduced into the Senate by Dr. Francis Moore, the fearless and independent editor of the Tele graph. It has passed that body unanimously, and a similar triumph is anticipated for it in the House of Representatives. Thus you sec that the temperance reform is making progress even in the Land of the Single Star. The Rev. Amos Roark, of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, was elected C-haploin to the Senate, and Rev. John Haynie, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Chaplain to the House of Representatives. The accommodations at tne public houses in this city are much better than was anticipated. Two excellent Hotels are kept, one by Messrs. Spicer & Clark, and the other by Mr. R. Bul lock. Both of these houses are conducted strict ly on temperance principles. No bar is kept, nor is any intoxicating liquors furnished at either house. This city is beautifully situated in a picturesque country, at the foot of the Cordilleras Mountains, about 120 miles from the coast. It is on the Colorado river, and it is thought the stream will he navigable to this point by steamboats.—No produce having been raised this high up, there lias been no inducements offered thus far for commercial enterprise. The city was laid off in May last, the first sale of lots occurred in August. It now contains a population of 1,500. A Sabbath Scnoo! was or ganized Ist of September, and has ever since been in successful operation. A Presbyterian Church was organized on Sabbath, 13th of October, and a Methodist Church on the next Sabbath there after. The city is improving with astonishing j rapidity in every respect. It is intended to make it the “seat of science and the residence of the ! muses.” A subscription, to which is appended a consid- ! erahle amount of money, has already been raised I for the erection of a Presbyterian Church and seminary of learning. The Mexican trade is already quite important at this place. It is the nearest town oi any im portance next to the San Antonio, to the upper settlements of the Mexicans on the Rio Del Norte. Large numbers of mules and horses and also of Dcef cattle, are brought to this market by Mexi cans, and here exchanged for goods of various de scriptions. Lands in the vicinity of Austin arc ; much in demand, and are daily rising in value, i It will he a very desirable place for a summer re sidence for the wealthy planters on the coast. The settlements arc daily extending on every side of the city of Austin. Already a town has been laid out, called the city of.San Halm.4o miles above Austin, on the Colorado river, which,from its location in an exceedingly fertile country, and at the point where the great national road from Kianiches on the Red river to the Rio Del Norte crosses the Colorado, it is thought will he “no | mean city.” The enterprising proprietor of this i town. Col. J. Jarman, generously offers to donate : lots to all persons who make permanent locations , and immediate improvements. Squares have been reserved for churches and literary institu tions. Several merchants, farmers and garden ers might do well to locate at the city of San Saha as soon as practicable. Remarks of Mr. NTSBF/V, of Georgia, upon the New Jersey Election question, in the Rouce of Representatives, Re, ’nicer Qlh, 1639. Mr. Ni suet, of Georgia, said hnl I lie importance of ihe principles invoked in this debate was ins apology (or I lie remarks be was about lo present to the consideration of the House. In the imorgan ized state of the body, (said Mi N. Jit appear, .o \ be noce-sary that those who nndresc yos, >l. I Chairman, should exhibit unquestioned authority lo j speak. lam one of the delegates from Geoi-no, I sir. I mention this fact, not because I claim lor my 1 .State any paramount excellence, but because 1 aril 1 solicitous ; hat she should declare sere die position I ; she oi copies Strangers as are most of iter rrern i bersinlhis Hall, it would seem well enough that | the be announced. I peak, then, by authority of i one of the sovereign Stales of the confederacy. I | exhibit to you, sir, as my colleague did a few days t since, the evidence of her will. 1 hold in my hand the eommissiot of her Governor, with the great seal of the Stale appended. The seal speaks i f her sovcr< ignly—ii aiinouiines me one of her Repre sentatives. Upon its face is the escutcheon of the Stale Her Boltons Wisdom, Justice ami Modera tion And, although what. I may say, sir, may not be stamped with much wisdom, yet 1 trust it will no characterized by justice and moderation. An honomltlo gentleman asked, the other day, ■“Where will the Stale of Georgia stand upon this question 7” He was pleased lo say the magnani mous State of Georgia. Me made the inquiry with pride, as 1 thought, in the character of the Stale 1 am sure 1 fell mi honest pride in hearing my nohle Stale thus tusignateil. The inquiry, sir, thrilled through my spirit. Twill tell you, sir; Will tell the gentleman Iron) Maryland where she stands. She stands where her state rights politicians have planted her in limes gone by—she stands upon the ramparts ot the Constitution. She stands where she stood when you, sir, administered the Federal Government; when her own great Troup resisted successfully Federal bayonets bristling upon her borders, and Federal usurpation assaihng her rights She stands- win re she stood when one of her most eloquent sons, now a high officer in the Govern ment, announced upon this floor, that "he was ready fur trial." She stands now, am) I trust will ever stond,,the defender of ihe rights of the Stales guaranteed to them under the Federal Constitution. i’nss.ng: over the merely ii cidente, question now more immediately before the ILiuse, I shall proceed to consider those points of controversy which have been s , much canvassed. From the State of New Jersey, then, it has been announced to ns by the Clerk, that there are two sets of applicants for the right and honor of representing her in the Congress of the United Stales. Fsn claimants for five seals in this 'lull. Both of these contending New Jet sey delegations have laid upon- the table of the Cleik evidence of elections. One of them exhibit the commission ol the Governor of New Jersey, under the seal of the Stale; the other Ims evidence which has not been read, but which, wo are toldy, establishes the fact that they did receive the major ity of votes pulled by the freemen of. New Jersey This slate of facts, sir, involves, to my mind, two inquiries First, what is Ihe legal and constitutional rule hy which, in this stage of the House, the rights of tho. e conflicting claimants to the tumor of representing New Jersey shall.be determined ? Second, whatis the mode of-action to bo adopt ed in making thru rule ope-ntive? Upon nn inqui ry Hindu of you, sir, the other day, you, ns Chair man of this body, determined that those delegates from New Jersey, holding tho evidence of election according to the Constitution of Ihe United Slates and the laws of New Jersey, should vote-upon a question then depending. You thus pronounced a rule hy which not.only the right of the claimants lo seam in (Ins Mull should be ascertained ■ but also one hy which tliis-liouse should regulate its action. 1 agree with yon, sir, that this is tho only safe rule- The nropositiontatrue,legally,constitutionally true, and is in accordance with the principles of Govern ment winch I have been taught, to honor and tevere In the mode ot applying this rule I shall differ with you. The CoEstitunon of the Uuion is m this ease paramount,.authoritative and commanding ; it, siienks in thevoice of injunction. By that instru ment. it is provided that,tho States shall hy law pro scribe tho tim-s place and manner of holding elec tions for meml »rs of the Congtess of ihe U. Stales. It also providers for a power in the Congress of the United States to alter by its own legislation the time, place anifJnnanner of electing Representatives. And in nil cates where the laws of a Sta e pro scribing the l ime, plnconnd manner of electing her Rep r esentativi«i have not been repealed hy Con gress, those laws are as obligatory upon all tho departments aft be-Suite nnd Federal Governments ns (ho Constitution itself. By fading lo exercise the repealing'power, Congress and the Constitu tion do ncliailly.confirm, adopt nnd ratify those laws. The right of.tho Stale lo onaa them and to have then-enforced become,-, thus ns perfect ns any other right secured to her hy the constitutional grant or prohibition.- The right of selecting her own Repretianlaiives, nnd that, too, in her own •wav, is n Si ’koroign right, wliioti yon, sir, and,l and all othrraare bound by all the sanctions of the Federal compact to respect. You will observe, sir, that the Stales are clothed with power lo de termine ihc manner of electing. The manner ol eles-lir.g, sin;must mean the form of certifying nnd eeramissior-.mg.the elect when tho polls are closed, ns well as c-tlrer things If, then the laws of New Jersey do declare that the result of her Congres sional elect oris shall he declared, published and ascertained by the commission of Iter Governor, under the great seal of the Stale, such commission, so authonlinalcil, is ns ol ligatory upon ns, upon all, ns any provision whatever of the Federal ( (in stitution. ft;, therefore, follows lo my mind dc monstraly true, that you were rigid when yon an nounced to-the I louse I lint those who have the ev idence ol election according to the Constitution and laws of New Jersey are entitled to si. ami vole up on lids flooruntil the i louse is fully organized, and the equity ol the polls of New Jersey have- been ascertained hy die committee of the House But, Mr. Ghnii-rnun. lids rule being conceded, there must, ho some plan of action hy which it. may become pitniically availtmle; otherwise it is hut. na ideal abstraction —a name without power—n judgdmenti without n process or a ministerial agent, We are not men,sir,spell hound with constitution al fanatic ism. We a r. practical men. diir sys tem ol government is eminently practical; its pro visions-; are designed tiir use—not lor admiral ion for deification The system must work, and thin far, sit, inthomain, it Ims wirked well, h was contended in die outset, of this debate that the Clerk,the then agent, was bound to respect the Governor's ennimifsion, and proceed at once to live call of thorn* men yrbo held it. 8o thought i But it will not surely be asserted that he had then the power of authoritative control over ibis matter, ami that them was no power in the 1 louse lo object W the judgment he might, pronounce You, sir.n seems to me,occupy to the House, the same rela tive position that the Clerk occupied hi fore your nomination to the chair. You are both but. the mere agents of tbe body who (host lo use you, act ing only by .derived authority—having in your selves, Ivy virtue ol your appointments, no inherent or legal ability to determine conclusively anything. Would it be contended fora moment that the agent has u power greater than his principal—that, sitting as you do in the very presence ol those who ap pointed you, yon can bind them irreversibly by your determinations-? Surely not. The Clerk did make a decision, or rather declined lo call any of the claimants from New Jersey—thus in fool rejecting the whole. Il was said that be wr.s bound im[eriously, by bis oat of office, by the Constitution ami laws, to proceed with the call of the Jersey Whigs He thought differently, ami upon that though' he act ed. What, then, sir, is tohedone? bland still? We did stand still, and rather ignommonsly still. We presented a sirange spectacle—the vast ma chinery of Government of this great empire block ed by the decistot ol an anomalous officer, for whom no powers have been claimed but those mere, ly ministerial. Was not this the lime at which ihe voice of die Constitution became hut a creatin',-, ol the mind > According lo the opinion of those who deny lo die House the power of acling. were not Ihe Constitution and la .vs then silent,—not in arms, but in />•<!'e, spent ? Iho Clerk refused even to pm a vole, and hy ihis lelusnl all the departments of Government are at rest, lor there is in fact no Government- whilst a co-ordinate department denies to itself even the power of preliminary organiza tion. So, sir, yon determined that tli»se who held Ihe Governnt « commissions should vote Was your decision imperatively controlling ? Von pro nounced, as 1 bvlirve n coiislilullona) Irolli But, sir, under jinn- decision, you yourself, wbh a powor above one beyond ihe House, pronounced udament under the Constitution and laws; or you clothed yo: richer”, upon a divis on of the House, with authority lo determine who did in far,’ hold the evidence ol eb etiou from N'-w Jersey. Ftoru you decision an appeal was taken, and die House, a- 1 believe rightfully, look die matter into its own hands. But he power ’o determine at all in the ease De fine ns .s denied. It is assorted dial no mm has n rigid to question here the eomrnlsskrm of a Gover nor of a sovereign State given in conformity wiih her laws. Sir, 1 admit the latter proposition, hut 1 contend that there must rest somewhere a power to judge and determine who dues, in fact, hold the com mission of Jersey's Governor, given in conformity with: Jersey's laws. And I hold that those who present themselves here ns the uncontented Repre sentatives of the Stales tire el,idled with that (tow er; and that, so tar ns this election is concerned, tins is the only power w ith which they are elsllied. This i* the tribunal to judge of that one fan—lo declare imd record its judgment, and, when pro nounced, the judgment is final. What, sir, if the tribunal determi-.e wrongfully ? Suppose it does not pronout.ee in favor ot right and law? Why, sir, those who thus wrongfully determine—who in fract the Constitution,, and disfranchise a sovereign State, are amenable to conscience, to God, to the Union, and to mankind. Such, sir, I understood your opinion to he the o'her day, when yon so ear nestly exhorted the House to organize Such seems lo have been your opinion when, at the lost session ol Congress, yon offered a lesoluliou lo meet the contingency which has now occurred. This opinion came to us with the sanction of your great age and g-ent character. Yon spake ns one having authority. It is the opinion of one, around' whoso venernhls head cluster thickly the laurels of polities and literature For one, I believed the opin ion correct 1 do not claim lor the House in its inorganic slate (denary powers over this contested election It cannot go behind the. evidence upon your table.— It cannot pirrgj! the N. Jersey (Kills. When organ ized, by the • '(institution it,is made thejudge of the elections, returns, nnd' qualifications ot its own memtters. Then, sir, it can sift the polls, rectify ull mistakes, nrd enforce, in fact, tho voice of the voting power. This has been demonstrated hy spy oral gentlemen, but hy none with more conclusive force than hy my friend and colleague (Mr. Coop er ) Who are we? The Representatives of the People* elected under the Constitution of tho Union mid the laws of the States Irom whence we comt. By Stale and constitutional mandate we aro here, ‘and, when our rights to- seals are not questioned, 1 wo are, in truth, the House of Representatives, clothed with all (lowers necessary to lull and Haul organization. The Constitution declares (lint the House ol Representatives shall lie composed of members elected by the several States, &e. And, hy constitutional presumption, wc are elected when no one questions it. Think you l lint the Consul u tion, or rather, Us framers, .contemplated for one mo ment the assemblage of a mob, claiming to be the House of Represeruaiives? No more so than il contemplated any other act of rebellion or of usur pation The Constitution further provides that the Congress shall assemble, &e. Its language is man datory. Its command is to assemble, and ex vi. ter mini to organize. How, assemble ns-an organized body ? No,for that is an impractnbility. That would be to assume, most absurdly, tliat to be done, which wo are commanded to assemble lor the pur p >so of doing. In nil tho sessions of both Houses of Congress there is a point ol lime intervening be tween the assembling nnd tho organizing oft u-bo dy. Thai is the lime being. There is also a stale) of political being, in which we live and are vital for certain purposes, but aro still the inorganic embryo ol full maturity. Much is our present stale. In tins slate we must proceed lo throw off our chrys alis nliiibiites. Otherwise we are doomed to per petual embryo—else we shall remain forever in choate, and shall continue throughout all lime in transitu. The truth is, sir, disguiso ii as we may, unless wo have tho power ol organization, the Gov ernment is dissolved. One ul the things lo ho done, and which is necessary to organization, is lo do tormino who, in cose of conflicting claims, are en titled to sit; or, in other words, who, in loot, have the highest and best pilma facie evidence of being elected, according to tho Constitution ami laws of the State from which they come. Do you not perceive,sir, inasmuch as we can do nothing—can discharge none of our appropriate duties until or ganization -that therefore, wo are necessarily clothed with power to organize ? It seems to fol low ns n matter of course. The law being silent us to the manner of organization, wo are left lo take such courses us enlightened reason, drawing bur conclusion from the Constitution hy neco snry in ference, may suggest. Wo ave not yet a House for the usual amt great objects oi our assembling. We can receive no Message from the Executive. We can bold n« intercourse with tho Senate Wo can organize no committees, and cannot perform u sin gle act of legislation. At tliu threshold siunits the obligation to organize. We must do so by elect ing tin officer described in the Constitution as Speaker- We dare not-sir, deprive the Stale of N. Jersey of her right, co-equal with that, of Georgia, or any other State,to vole in the election of that officer We have no power thus to disfranchise Ic-r. Hence, before thuloffieer is elected, we must determine that somebody does in fact, for the time being, represent her. From the Stale ol Pennsyl vania, I understand, there are two gentlemen claiming seats in this Hull, both bringing with them the commission ol a Governor of that Slate, mi ler her great seal. This is a ease not of fancy, but of fact. Upon this case wo shall bo compelled to net, and that too before the House is organized. Upon the assumption of gentlemen, t hat no vole, no act can be laid by us, when the commission of n Governor with the seal of tho State appended is presented, both llicsegeutiemen inusteumein. Ii is n requirement of the Constitution, say they.— Now t he Constitution in the ease put commands us n neb in favor of the one as the other .of these gen tlemen. What shall he done ? Exclude both ? No, for thou tin- key stone of the arch is disfranch ised. Admit both ? No, (or then the great Slate will have one in--re Representatives than the Con stitution given her. The alternative left is lor the members present, cons Muting a quorum ol the whole House, w hose seals are unconle.-ood, lo de termine Will, Ii (iltlnse commissions and which of their seals is, in truth, according lo the laws of Pennsylvania V\ hat J demand is,that the very same determination lie made in r< Ini ion to (ho con tested seals of tho N- J-delegation. Which, sir, of these claimants, lias the evidence, prirna facie in its character,nfelection? This is tho only inqiiny which we have now the power to make, and hut we have this power I have endeavored to show The most plausihlouhjection which I have beard made lo tins view of the subject is, that it will al ways be in ihe power of parlies, by capricious ob jeclions/to tile seals of u quorum of the w hole House, to preveni its organization. It bus sir, more ofspeciousitess than of force. In answer, I say, that an extreme possibility is no well-founded ob jection lo any course ol reasoning. The supposi tion piesents a case when the Govarnmenl would be in the act of revolution. Against such u possi bility neither law, constitutions, nor religion, can wholly guard. The case might ocelli; so also, then, might arise a Cromwell in our midst, lo dis solve ihe Congress of the Union oy military force, lint thai such a ease will occur, belli (lie restraints ol law —i he moral souse of the People—the loveot liberty, the strongest passion of tho American Peo ple—urid the holy sanctions ol Clirisiianily, do, and will, L trust, through the ages limi n.e to come, for bid. Then, sir, the mode of action is forties House to declare and register Ihe judgment of the Constilu tun and the law, W iien pronounced, it needs no further enforcement. It stands self-executed. For who shall deny—who modify, win reverse it ? Upon this House lulls ihe stern mandate of the Con stilution Upon this House falls tho sovereign re quirement ol N. J- Upon diis House-State Rights principles make their equitable requisitions. Is the Constitution maudaioiy to you, sir, lo admit the Whig delegation from N Jerxey ? So is it lo Iho House Are its requirements obligatory, a cord ing to the reasoning ol ihe gentleman, upon the Clerk? 8o are they upon the House. And,whilst 1 maintain the positions here assumed, lat the same time assert and enlor'e the principles which my colleagues nnd others have promulgated. Mr. Chat man, whilst 1 assert the rignt of N.J, to he heard bv her vole in this House, 1 do nor mean to he undoes end as admit ring that eiuieir set of applicants can vole in their own ease. Turn is the only question upon which N. J cannot he heard. To me, common, sen o, which is an in stinct of onr nature, denn-s to all persons the privi lego of wring in a i ase wlc-re their personal or re present.itive rights are concerned. The queuion is as to the right of A and Bto vote. And uoes it not involve an absurdity upon that question to permit A and B to vote, and thus adjudicate their own privileges ? U surely does 'The rules of the liouse which w« have adopted, and nil parliamentary usage#, ho far a1 am inform ed, include them. It matters not that they present themselres in a representative character, for it is their rights as such that are to be di torminrd. Much,sir, has been said m ihm debate about the sovereign rights of the People. It is claimed that the will ol the people of N. J shall prevail. Yes, sir, let it prevail. How prevail? Through llu agency of her organic law—and bore no otherwise. They have spoken through no other voice. They have not spoken in their primary elementary char acter They have held no convention. 1 listen; but 1 hear not the rattling thunders ot popular sev ereignly. The Jews of old. heard'llie artillery w hich pealed around (lie summit us .Sinai, and tile sound ol a trumpet waxing louder ond louder ; but in all this »troy heard mil the Godhead, it spake in the still small voice. So, sir it is only in the still small, yet clear and steady voice of the law, that I can hear upon this floor the speaking of New lersey. The organized forms of government do express the popular will ; the People have made them tlieir organs. The law softie State and the Const ilntmn of the Union aro the leal mini h which the People themselves have placed upon their elementary soveieignty, uml are so to bo respected until they are repealed or modi fied. I do not assert that Ihe great seal us New Jersey is tho depository of her sovereignty —that the acts of her Governor make him sovereign—but these acts and that seal are ilio ovi.tenon and the oxpiesamn of the sovereign will Suppose, sir,that lie who, with unsurpassed ability, represents in the Senate of the United States the descendants ol your own heroic pilgrim ancestry, should there exhibit the authoritative sent of (Massachusetts and the commission of the Governor, who would there venture to assert thai ho came not in tho name of a sovereign State ? Or, if lie who in I lint body rep resents alike the genius, and virtue, and sovereign ty of Carolina, should at her bar exhibit the seal of that State, “always prepared, in mind and means,” adorned with its cliivalnc palmetto blazonry, would the. o he one there so bold as to deny hint entrance? So no one here, I trust, will deny those delegates having the highest evidence to enter and sit as the Representatives of Now Jersey. Mr. Chairman,! am unlike the distinguished gen tleman from South Carolina, who addressed you the other day, born insensible to fear. I fear ma ny things. I fear to do wrong ; but Ido not fear the trammels of party, or the vengeance of the popular will. In the discharge of duty, the Peop'e will scarcely hold me a lit subjec t for their wrath. Should this House fail to accord seats to the regu larly authenticated members from New Jersey, there will have occurred a case of nullification re versed. This has been held a remedy'for the States against the Government, hut if we abrogate the laws of New Jersey, then docs nullification appear in its most odious form. She will then start, in her forays upon the t onstitution, from the citadel of the enemy ; and an unorganized branch of the Congress of the United States, itself but a co-ordinate de partment of the Government, will have abrogated, in the House of-the People, the laws enacted by the People. I could but remark, Mr. Chairman, when you ad dressed us on yesteiday, how studiously you avoid ed recognising the Slates in their sovereign charac ter—insisting on the rights of the People. And I thought that, contrary to the laws which obtains both in morals and physics, extremes had for once met; and that the nationalism of your day was much the same with the democratic dogmas of this. MARIN E INT E L LiGENCE™'* Savannah, December 17. * Cleared ■ —Ship American, Holden, Liverpool;brig Clinton, Lyon, Now York. Arrived since our hint —Steamboats Do Itossctt, Phil brick, Augusta; John Randolph, Lyons, do;. Chatham, Wray, do. Departed—’ Steamboat John Randolph, Lyons, Augusta. Went to sen —Brig Pandora, Gardner, Boston. Charleston, December 19. Arrived yesterday —lir ship Margaret Johnson, McAuley, Belfast; line ship Niagara, Smith, New York; brig Alpha, Thomas, Bremen. Cleared —Ships Belvidere, McKown, Liverpool; Palmyra, Cushing, do; C L brig Diraon, Sherwood, New York. Went to sea yesterday— Brig Emetine, Heath, Boston; U L brig George, Hull, New York; line brig Paul T. Jones, Ireland, Philadelphia. In the offing- —Hr ship Sherbrooke, from Liver pool. Dr. HOLBROOK tenders his services to the citizens of Augusta and vicinity, in the several branches of his profession. His residence is at No. 135, Broad street, in the western tenement ,of the Bridge Bank. dec 3 wlf a TO RENT, from the Ist Oct. next, a STORE,No.24I) south-side Broad-street, recently occupied by the late I). W. St. John. Apply to JAMES GARDNER, Jr. augl6 trw ts JhmrJL TO KENT, until the Ist day of October next, the two Wooden Stores below the Npm Bridge Hank buildings, on Broad street. Also, a Stable and Carriage House, with a horse lot annexed, situated on Ellis street, next below the dwelling of Mr. I. A. Hibler. dec 2 trwtf JOHN W. WILDE. MEOR RENT.—The property of the un dersigned, on Broad, Campbell and Cen tre Streets, on Mclntosh Street, near the Presbyterian Church, at present occupied, by Mr. Stockton. Apply to McKenzie & bennoch. July 2 wif N. 1), The occupants of the property for the year ensuing Ist October next, will give noi"« pay. able quarterly, and pay for the use of the Hy drant water. MFOR SALE OR TO RENT, From the Ist of October next, the two story dwelling House, at present occupied oy wiiaarn Glover, at Apling, Columbia county, with two store houses, gin house, stable, (kc. The lot contains,two acres ; the stand good for a store or boarding house. Also, for sale, a neat pleasant and healthy Farm, one mile above the Quaker Springs, known as the Patrick Place,containing eighty acres—forty acres cleared anil under cultivation, on which is a tolera ble good dwelling and other out buildings ; the soil well adapted for the culture of potatoes, corn, and the Mulberry. Also, will he sold with or without the Farm, four thousand Moms -Multicaulis trees at 50 cents a tree (roots included), as lino as any raised in this neighborhood,and expect will range from 6to 8 feet in height oy the first of October next, well branched. LEON P. DUGAS. July 25 d3t&wtf A CARIF. Cl F. HOFFMAN (k Co. having taken one of / , the large new stores opposite the ruins o j the Planters’ Hotel, one square above Mrs. C. Hoff man’s former well known stand, respectfully invite their friends and the public to call and examine their large stock of India Silks, French and Swiss Embroideries, English and German (foods, Fancy and Millinery articles, &c. &c., which they offer low and on good tCims, wholesale and tetail. nov 10 trw2m MILL PROPERTY, Arc. FOR SALE. F| VIE subscriber offers his Mill Property on Spirit I X Creek, adjoining lands of Whitehead, Hay j nic, and Fox, for sale, containing about thirty live hundred acres, on which there is a good Saw Mill, Ike. 't here ore also two other mill seats, which could easily be put in order. The whole would be sold together, or it would be divided to suit pur chasers. Also—Eleven Lots in tlie upper part of the city* between Greene and Ellis streets. Should the above pr iperty not be sold at private sale, it will be offered at the lower market house, on thelirst Tuesday in January next. - |dcc|lo trwtd ROBERT PHILIP,