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vtmh, m "i CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. AUGUST A. TUESDAY MORNING JANUARY 14. We hid an (ireiw of Mail* from tho North last evening. They do not however, bring much news. Morton, the Democratic candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, it in said, i« elected by a majority of four voted out of mo e than 600,000. Some individuals connected with the Schuyl kill Bank fraud in Philadelphia, have been pros ecuted. Nothing of much interest appears ts be doing in Congress. In the Senate, Mr. Benton's reso lutions in relation to the currency arc under dis cussion, and in the House, the New Jersey Elec tion is again the theme of discussion. r[j‘ The lines on “ P. H. D.” by “ Anna," are received, and will apjiear to-morrow. Coi a ac a.—The Washington Metropolis states that from the foundation of our government up to 1637, the coinage in this country has been f 69,561,548. There was a rumor in Philadelphia on Sunday the sth, that Levis, the absconding cashier, has been taken in Delaware county. Correspondence of the Baltimore American. Wtisisiirus, January 7, 1840. iioi'ss or iiKeitEsasiTATlv**. si. w jirsit skats. This vexed question came before the House this morning, and with all the spoil anil temper which closed the discussion two weeks since. Mr. Catnpliell, of 8. C. chairman of the Com- Butter of Elections, offered two resolutions, tho tlrat of which was. that all the papers relating to the c tse should be leferred to the Commutes of Elections; and the second of which contempla ting the summoning ol the members,commission ■ e«l and claimants, with a view of allowing each party to parti ipale in the investigation. Mr. Campbell staled his desire to be to go into the merits of the case—to bring the whole subject before the Committee of Elections, and to allow all the members whose seats were in dispute to lake part in the investigation. Mr. Bull fodowed. and s id ho could rrlievo the House of this dilli oily, by presenting the ques tion as a privileged one. Mr. Del said that from the commencement of the season live members from New Jersey hud been here—here within the bar. They had exerci ed the franking privileged and received stationary as other members had.— They had voted in the preliminary organization of the House, and received books from the Libra ry as other members had, and wore members in view of their own acts. Mi. Bell said, as he had made the question a privileged one, he should move, if in order, the following resolutions;— Resolved, That Philemon Dickerson, Peter D. Vroom, Win. K. Cooper, Da-id U. Ryall and Jo seph 11. Kyle, who are in attendance el.liming to lie qualified ami to be admitted tositaud vot • in tho House ts Representatives from the Slate of New Jersey, are not and cannot be legally and constitutionally members of this body, until the regular returns or certificates of election, grunted to live other duly qualified persons, by the Gover nor and Gonneil of said State, in the exorcise of the authority vested in them by the laws of said Mtatc, passed in conformity with the Constitution of the United Slates, sh ill have hren set aside or adjudged void, upon due investigation made in the firm and in inner prescribed by the laws and usages of this House. Resolved, Thai the House have decided that John 11. Aycrigg, Win. Ilalsted, and the other three Whig ineinhers should not be allowed to have their seats upon the floor until the House decided upon tbeirclaims. The third resolution instructed the Speaker to inform tht Governor of New Jersey o( what had been done here, and the reason why tho State was not represented. The debate, after Mr. 801 l presented his reso lutions, became general, and several members look purlin the discussion. Mr. Bell defended and explained Ins resolutions and commented upon the of the pro ceedings. Mr. Adams said the Speaker was hound to no tify the Governor ol the Sla'e of New Jersey of tho condition of things in regard to the contested seals. New Jersey should know, t 'finally and olheially, how she had heen treated he.e in this House and by this House—how her sovereignty had been trampled under foot ami her righls dis regarded. Mr, Fillmore made some remarks upon the merits of the question, and contended that il tho views of the chairman of the committee on elec tions were carried out, the Stale of New Jersey would be without u representation until June next. The committee oia elections, he had ho ped. would make a brief Ripnrl on the important question whether or not the commissioned mem bers slto ild have their seals until tune was given to go into the merits of the whole case. After some remarks from Mr. Vanderpoel. Mr. Johnson, of Mil. and others, n question of order was raised as to the resolutions before the House. The end of it was a motion to suspend the rules of the House, which was carried, 182 to 83. Mr. Campbell's resolutions were now in order, ami Mr. Bell brought Ins forward as an amend ment to them. Mr. Bell spoke at length, and wis followed hy Mr. Duncan, ol'Ohio, who will continue his speech begun sometime ago upon the merits of the New Jersey controversy. I'XITKD STATKS SKMATE. The Senate entered upon their usual business of receiving mem irials, reports and resolutions. Mr. Benton's resolutions, which occupied the Senate yesterday, wore called up on motion of Vtr. Lumpkin, wbn has introduced n substitute for the resolutions ut Mr. Benton which he wish es modified. Mr. Grundy was not a!tn ’ -ther satisfied with the resolutions an 1 therefore moved their refer ence to a Select Co n nittee of as>en me ii'iors. Mr. Pruamn, of S, C. spoke upon the merits of the resolutions. In principle he was not much opposed to the do 'trines they advance, hut be thought their introduction unnecessary and im proper. As no such proposition had been intro duced as the resolutions opp ised there was no reason for hurrying them forward. Mr. Preston in concluding his remarks, moved that they be laid upon the table. Mr. Clay, of Ala. demanded the yeas and nays, win -h laving ordered, the result was as billows ; Yeas, Messrs. Belts, t lay. of Ky. Clayton, Crittenden. Dixon. Davis, Henderson, Merrick, Prentiss, Preston Rugglos. Smith of 1n.1.. omit »*d. Spence, Waite of Ltd., White of Tennessee i«. Itsys, Messrs. Allen. Bent m, Brown, Buch anan, Calhoun, Clay of Ala.. Fulton, Grundy, Hubbard. King. L nn, Lump,in. Nichols. Nor rvU. H Mine. R ibinaon Sevier, Smith of Conn., Strange. Tappan, Walker, Wail, Williams, Weight, Young—2s. After the adoption of several resolutions, call- — •raidspa.imem* lor information, the House pro ceeded to the orden of the day. [One of the re ad utions adopted -ailed upon the (Secretary of the Treasury to ark. the Governor! of all the IStatei in the Union for a copy of all their (Stale Reports upon the subject of Geology and Miner alogy. Another resolution adopted, called fur information a* to the expediency of placing Steam Cullers in (he Gulf of Mexico, on the At lantic, and on Lake Erie.] is.vtii ocri-riTiox or Florida. Mr. Benton culled up the hill for the armed oc cupation of Florida. Mr. Benton spoke at length in defence of the bill. Mr. Tappcn made some very strong remarks in reply to Mr. Benton. He did nut thmk the mea sure intro,lured tin- |>est lube supported hy Con gress, and ha could not, therefore, vote for the bill. The cases cited by Mr. Benton, affording a similar case of the necessity and suffering, were not alike. That of the Israelites in the Holy Uund was different Mr. T. said he should Is: glad to sec the plan adopted which was success ful in the settlement of tN’ew England, Such a plan was not iinpracticuble.au I it could be adopt ed, and e mgranls could meet there and defend tbeniael es by themselves. Mr. Preston fdlowed in the debate. He de clared that the General Government bad sham ■ fully abandoned its duty to Florida, li the Ex ecutive had done his duly and the head of the War Department had done his duly, the case would have lieen dilferent from what it has been. The conduct of the Government has been dilla tory in the extreme, and the sufferings, ravages and bloodshed proportioned, Flo ida has cost the Government an immense sum of money.— An immense sum had been paid for the original purchase and an immense treas ire poured out. Mr. t*. lielieved that the bill was wholly ineffi cient, and would fail to accoinpl.sh its purpo ses. The Sen ile adjourned after Mr. Preston bad finished his remarks, and after some unimportant informal business. Washi.vgtox, Jan. 8, 1840. HOVSK or HEPRASK.VTAriVKS. The Appropriation Hill, in part, for 1839 and 1840, passed both Houses yesterday, making an appropriation of for the Congressional serv.ee of the Government. tmk mails and post orncx department. Mr. Cooper, of Pa. asked leave of the House to ulfera resolution calling upon the Post Master General for information in relation to the new mail route from Baltimore to Philadelphia. The resolution culled lor info- muli n as to time and pay and reasons of change. A Iso for information as to tho conduct of a clerk or agent of the Post • )ll'u u Department in relation to the letter mail, which, t is alleged, was earned on the Philadel phia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad. Mr, Caoper wisned to suspend the rules, but Mr Dunean, who was entitled to the floor, re in sed to yield, new J khbkt seats. I Mr. Duncan said that those who occupied scats ohoti Inis floor, t. e live Wing members, were mid held himself reeponsihle for it before tw wold. Mr. Duncan has bid the 11 mr through the d.iy without interruption, except when called to order by the Speaker for irrelevant remarks. Mr. D. concluded his remarks, and Mr. Butts, of Vu. tins the floor to-morrow. On motion of Mr. Johnson, of Mil., the Na tional Foundry subject was brought before the House. He wished it referred to a Select Com mittee again. Mr. Butts would not yield the floor, and the motion was not sustained. On motion of Mr. Turney, the different por tions of the Presidents Message Vvcro referred to the several Standing Committees. AUMKD OCCUPATION OF FLORIDA. This hill, from Ihe Committee on Military Af fairs, was the order of the day and it was tailed up on the motion of Mr. Clay of Ala., who was entitled to the floor. Mr. Clay’s speech was de signed as a reply to the remarks of Mr. Preston, and as a defence of tho conduct of the general government in its military operations in Florida and tho Crec . countiy. Mr. C. thought that Mr. Preston had reflected somewhat upon the conduct of Gen. Jessup. Gen. Jessup, he said, was ready to have his conduct investigated by Court Martial or by Committee of the Senate.— He was a brave officer, and he felt bo-ml to de fend him. If there was ground of censure, Mr. Clay said it did not fall upon the Administration nor upon Gen. Jesnp, but, ns Mr. Clay seemed to intimate, upon Gen Scott. There was no in efficiency, he also contended, on the part of the War Department norot the Executive. Both, he thought, were without censure. Mr. Clay enlarged upon the character of tho bill before the (Senate, He believed it the cheap i st remedy for (be settlement of dilficulties which could lie adopted, and altogether the safest. He also ilelended the character of the Alabama citi zen soldiers, ivlio bud been called by Gen (Scott and others into service. Many of the citizens of bis .State were us brave as tho re who conquered the Indians originally in Tenues ee ami Ken lucky. Many of lhem. he thoug'it, would avail themselves of the provision < of tho bill before the Senate. After Mr. Clay bad concluded Mr. Benton proposed a verbal amendment, which was a-lopi. d. The bill was then ordered to a third reading. From Ihe Xational Intelligencer. January 9th. NEW JKHSKT CONTESTED ELECTION, This being the first business in order, Mr. Bolts, of Virginia, who was entitled to the floor was pto ccihng to address the House; when Mr. Holfinan rose and said that il would be re collected that the repoit of the Committee on tin Rules had been male (he spenal order f i dm d y it one o'clock. He understood that the rules h.ol only been now pnnteil, ami that a proposi tion wal about to be made to extend the lime un til 10-in rrow. lie gave notice that at one u clock, h - slviU'd m )vo the special order. He made (bis s memo,nmu ofcoonesy lo the gentleman from Virg uia, in order tnat, if there was an intention to move a further extension of die time, iht gen ilonian ought take his sole, lion either to have die motion disposed of before he commenced his re marks. or to proceed with them until the hour ot one had arrived. File lulls and orders would ex pne to-morrow. Mr. Bolts having indicated his wish now to proceed, addressed the House at great length on the subject ot Hie contested election generally. [At half past one Mr. Hoffman called up the special order above icferred to, and, on motien of Mr. Cave Johnson, the consideration ofthe rejiori of the eommiilee was postponed until Tuesday next; was made the special order for that day, a, otic o'clock; and the present rules were ordered to be continued in fo.ee until Thursday next.] Mr. Botls having comluded his s|a.vcli — Mr. Randolph, of New Jersey, addressed the Chair, win n Mr. Monroe, of N. V., claimed the floor, inas much as Hr. R. badspok n repeatedly before. i’iio Chair reminded Mr. H. that though Mr. Ru idolpll bad repeat- dly addressed the House on (be general su >j«ct. yet it haJ not been on the present resolution. Mr. faiulolpli .misting on h i right to the floor he warn pennut ■d to proceed, an I went into a de tailed hi-lory of the entire .V.J.ia-u-, quoting d teamen:* an I ea'ling for the reading oi alfida vita, un il past 4 o'elo k, when a m dion was made t ■ adjourn, and negatived by yeas and nays: Veas C'4, nays 104. After more alfidavita had been leid, ths motion was renewed, and again loet; Yean 68, nay*%< 78. The reading having been resumed, and much uneasiness liemg manifested, Mr. R. himself moved to adjourn, anil the motion was at length carried ; Yeas 67, nays 58. Ho the House, at near 5 o’clock, adjourned. ('orrmiiunden.ee of the National Intelligencer. New Y'ohk, Jan. 8. The packc* ship lowa, from Ha-re, Decemucr 8. furnis.iesus with Haris papers of the 7lh. All i France is in a ferment over the news from Africa which a telegraphic despatch was reporting to lie i worse. The spirit of the nation is up, and offi cer and soldier are panting to cross the Mediter ranean to meet the forces of Alslelel Kader and his Aral) crew. These Arabs are quite as trou i hlesome.a id quite us costly, as ou' Seminole*. — They wont slay defeated; and when they appear most put down, of a sudden they most put them selves up. The reinforcements arc moved for ward with all speed. Nothing else is talked of hut the war. The news furnished by this arrival, though three days later from Paris, presents nothing re markable. Lyons is in a sulfering condition, and the reaction of American misfortune* has been great upon the mniufa.nuiing establishments there. Uankiuptcies are common, indeed, thro’- oul France. From the East the dates arc later. The younger Ibrahim ha* obtained a splendid victory over the Imam of Jabsob. Ibrahim is a son ot Mehemet Ali. This pushes the power of Ali to ward the English uossession of Aden. The I urkish charter created a great sensation at Al exandria. The dates arc also latter from unhappy Spain. Ihe Capitol is quiet. Tnereis nothing from the army. i'ne reduction of pi stage upon letters, which has commenced in England, is likely to be imitat ed on the Continent. Prussia and Austria are both meditating an adoption of the English plan. The cotton market was flat at Havre, and there was a s ighl decline since the last weekly report by the last arrivals. The Evening Post to-day publishes a letter from Boston, which declares that the Committee ot the Legislature have counted the voles for Governor, and I.mod Mr. Morton to be elected by am ij inly of four. Os course the Globe will rejoice ovei this, avowed Abolitionist though Governor Morton be. •Stocks are down to-day again—a fancy move ment. Exchange on London varies from 107 to 108 i, which is obtained for prime hilN. This is under the par of exchanges, and shows a sale state of things as to importations, orders, &c. Franklin Disthigi'.—lt was reported yes terday, that the official returns of the election in the Sixth Congressional District have been ex amined by the Governor and Council, and that Mr. Baker is chosen. It is said that the voles of the town of Leverett were rejected for illegality, in Leverett there were 35 voles for Baker, 43 l ,r Dickinson, and 33 scattering— Button Daily 'Advertiser. Correspondence of the Philadelphia North American New Y'ohk, Jan. 6, 3 p. m. I do not And that the news has inflm need any thing but stocks. There has in this department been a general advance, and United Slates Dank -h ires have been more liberally treated than any other stocks, arid have advanced to 84, being 5 J per centabove the price on Saturday. Flour and Cotton remain without alteration. The general impression respecting the news is that it is favo rable, especially in regard to money affairs, tho’ money was still very scarce in England. Confi dence is returning in Europe towards American securities; and we shall very soon, I prophecy, have more credit in Europe than we ever had. There will be no difficulty about our Slates getting terribly in debt, if they have a mind to do so. But I hope the check they have now re ceived will at least set them to thinking. Ex change, both foreign and domeslis, I quote as at the close of last week. Correspondence of the U. S. Gazette. New York, Monday, p. m. All stocks have materially improved to-day.— U S. Bank shares have advanced 4J a 5 per ct. This is in consequence of the English news ic ccived yesterday, which is considered to be deci dedly favorable to the Bank and to American stocks generally. Some sales of Sterling Bills were made to-day, at 8 a 8J The prin ipal business, however, was done at BJ. Nothing occurred in ftancs; the quotation of them is 5f 27J a 35. Domestic exchanges are rather of dull de mand, but no change igi rates. Money is rattier easier, but the price paid for its use is still about the same. Though we had a very full attendance on change, little business was actually transacted.— There p evaded bowe-er a good deal of anima ti m. and merchandize was much enquired after. Flour is held at a shilling advance. John Vaughan. Esq. of Philadelphia, on the Ist inst. resigned the various Vice Cunmlships held by him for a very long period. Sweden and Norway, Portugal, Austria, and Braz I, were all represented in that city by Mr. Vauzhan. Rich ard Seldner, Esq. has been appointed Vice Con sul of Sweden and Norway. John Devereux, Esq. the same fur Brazil; and Daniel J. Des mond, Esq, has received the appointment of Con sular Agent for Portugal, and will exercise the functions of Vice Consul for that Government. We shall notify the appointment of the Austri an Consular Agent in a few days.— National > azette. From the lietf ist (Irish J Northei n Whig. Ii uiied Matos luniks. CAUSE ANU EFFECT OF TIIKIH SUSPENSION OF SPECIE PAXMENTS. We turn to toe general question involved in the suspension of specie payments by the United Males dunk, and otoer Banks nr itie United Mutes. The failure of this or that Bank, wheth er in the United Males or m ihiscuuntry, ruinous as it may Ire, is hui as dust in toe balance, compar ed with the great question of the currency me mode of regulating the circulating medium on itie e Uibnsnineiu, untrue piuiciples, of which de|rends the well-being of every man engaged in meicanlile or monetary ojieration, in both coun tries. We s.iull enter nu farther ou Hits point, at present, than to direct attention to the tael, that tue general lailure, so tar us it may be called a failure, of the Banks in the United Mates, has been toe result ot the same tause »vhicl. has up date I to the embar.as-ment of financial affairs in this country, —namely, the impossibility of i representing it’s monetary and trailing transac- I tioos in bullion. I We find, in the account of the United States Bank « assets, an item of 4uo.un. I sterling, m s(>ecie; a sum mi*, raldy inadequate to represent even us notes and deposits; and yet, no one. we will venture lo sav, will affirm, that, because this Bank possesses only this small amount in specie, it is, mereiute, insolvent; its insolvency, if msoi -1 vency it should prove to lie, is attributable m oth er causes. But it is a tact, notorious, unit it is in consequence of the want ol gold, hy the nank of England, ol its endeavors to get :t, and ol its measures to cause its return lo this country, that the geuerai American distress has betn lira nly occasioned. It is lelt, i n viewing the account of ; the United Males Bank, that it is not gold uratP i ver that it needed for the carrying ou ol its affairs. I I hut some representative of the values which it possessed. It is to this point that we arc desir ous of directing the reader’s attention; namely, that, admitting all the assets, excepting the single item ol specie, avail them nothing in their pres ent dhficulty, inasmuch, us in attempting to (urn them into money, they find that the law of the land has prescribed, that there shall be only one sort of money, metallic money, to represent all the values, and all the monetary and trading transetions of the United Males; and which amount of metallic money, when the necessity | arises, is insufficient to represent a hundredth part lot such values and transactions. And hero we I have to apeak of the effect of the proceedings ol ! the Bank of England on the convertible value of American property. The Bank of England, as is well known, has been compelled, by its obliga tion. to pay its notes, on demand, in gold, ts take measures for preventing the egress of gold, and for facilitating its importation. Wito this view, it lias successively struck at different interests, accordingly as it considered that their proceedings were influential, in causing gold to leave this country, or to prevent us return. In their turn, the American trade and properties have been thus put down. It was found by the Bank, tliat Us bullion was flowing away in the direction of the United Mates; to throw difficulties in the way ol this proceeding, was the endeavor, therefore, ol the Bank of England, not that the American se curities were bad, or, that they were not fully worth the money that they look away but be cause they took away the gold money, and the Bank of England, that had not sufficient us this gold money to represent value for its own opera tions, could nut spare any to the Americans. By the measures which the Bank us England was obliged to take, to secure itself, the amount ol tho circulation generally was lessened, and Un- American produce and property were considera bly depreciated. 'The effect was this; either American securities and produce were nut bought at all,or less was given for them; and,in the lat ter case, less being given for them, it was inure profitable to pay them in English produce, than with English gold; so, that, to such extent, the gold was kept in tiiis country. We shall present ly have to speak of the cllect of this general de preciation of American property, as affecting the payment of their debt in this country ; at pres ent, we wish to confine our attention to the con sequences whiclr result from our present system ot currency, which, from lime to tunc, renders it necessary to lessen the amount of the circulating medium; and suddenly, arbitrarily, undunjuslly, to depreciate the value of every man’s property, and to render it more nr less difficult, and often impossible, to procure m mey to repicgcnt it. We have shewn, then, that the depreciation of American property lias been caused, mainly, if not entirely, by the impossibility which exists in America, to represent their property in a metallic money:—the properly c.lists—there is no doubt of that; but theic is a want of metallic money to represent it; —and we have shewn, also, that the want us metallic money in America Iras been mainly, if ti-t entirely, produced by the uc-.ra tions of the Bank of England, which has been al so in Want of metallic money ; and which, being the stronger body, has drained the weaker one of its gold and silver. So that it appears, that the obstinacy of both countries, in persevering in tiiis system of currency, winch occasionally requires more than all the metallic money ol the world to rapresent it, is at the bottom of tire mischief. Thus, there is a continual struggle going on in this country, mid in America, between the indus try and energy of their inhabitants, —ihe struggle of production; and ti e creation of wea.th, against the monetary system of both countries, winch is continually beating down this industry and ener gy, and preventing the creation of wealth, by its arbitrary restrictions. England nianulai-tures, and America produces; this, the result of labour, constitutes wealth to cither nation, as the popula tion increases, and as the wants of the population increase, there is tire opportunity for further man ufacture ami further production ; but if, in each country, there is enacted an arbitrary law, that the values of the interchange ol such uniiuliii turc or production sha 1 always be representable in a particular sort of money, which does not increase in the same proportion, one of two things must take place: either such manufactures or produc tions must he limited to the amount of money which exists to represent their interchange; or manufactures and productions, being community increased by the demands for them of the increas ing populations, their values in their interchan ges must he deranged, as often as the necessity occurs,—no matter from what causes,—of repre senting them by this limiled amount of metallic money. And such, precisely, is theeffeet, period ically ; —such has lieen the elfsct, in the present instance, of the embarrassment us the American currency The “law money,” the metallic mon ey, is wanted ; it is not procurable, because it does not exist; —but the law is peremptory, and will have property represented by this limited sort of money; property, therefore, falls in value ; in value, us it is called, hut. as we contend, in the • law” money value only : its real value remains 'the same, but the effect on th-e h dders of the pro perty. whose business operations compel them to exchange for as much ot the small amount ol gold money as they can procure, is the loss mill ruin which wc observe taking place around us.—Hoi ding these opinions, we must say, that, applying them to the case of the Banks in the United Mutes, we think their abandonment ol tbe attempt to pay their debts in a metallic money, win b is not pro curable, is the best step they could take, under the circumstances. Had they persisted in the endeavour to pay in metallic money, they would only have increased their difficulties, and added to their losses; and its fifed would have been, generally, on America, most ruinous ; for the consequence of such an attempt would have been to cause all Ameiican goods to full to almost noth ing; anJ the balance being against America, in , favour of this country —that is to say, America debt to this country, which snemiust pay by produce—the result would have beNu that nave paid to her English crediSe-s, goods, ul a low price, which she hud contractor at a high price ; and would thereby ha'c paid her debt two or loree times over, in proportion to the depreciation of her produce. This would have been manifestly a cruel and glaring injustice to the Americans; for viewing the case between f. the two nations as between two individuals, it , would be as if the creditor who had lent his mon ) ey on the security of property estimated at a eer i lain value, were, by bis combinations, to cause i that property to lie depreciated to half its value, | and so take double the property in satisfaction of his debt. .Such woulu now he the injustire inflic- I ted on America, had she submitted to pav her [ debt, at its appreciation in a metallic money value. I m this time of metallic money scarcity. In fact, j she would have to pay two bales of cotton instead I of one. or some such proportion. This, we say, I would be an injustice inflicted on America which k we arc quite sure is neither nationally nor inch -1 viduallv desired. By the suspension of specie ; payments, the value.-of all sorts of property in j America, will be supported, and her merchants I w II be tbe better able, and mine quickly, to dis j charge tbeir debt to this country. We will add ; that, had the Bank ol England been able to take 1 this step some months ago, most of the embarrass j ment winch ha- taken place throughout Einope. | in consequencu ot Ihe measures us the Bank ol | England, to keep g. Id in this country, would have lieen prevented. With respect to the cau ses which have led to the general embarrassment of me monetary operations of the United States as well us of this cou.itry. we have endeavoured to shew that the same cause has produced tin same elfeots in l*)lh countries; and. if we succeed in .ou-.ng the public attention to an evil which 1 is cona.anlly at work, from tbe action u. which no' J\\yV A man is safe, whiPn is continually disttming>ihd deranging all the calculations ol trade anil com merce, mid which, in the present instance, has nearly led to a national bankruptcy both in Eng land and in America—a national bankruptcy in tbe two principal commercial nations in the world, abounding in existing wealth, and in the means of indefinitely increasing it—we shall con sider, that we have not offered the present obser vations in vain. Our object is, to excite inquiry m’n the practical won ing of our present system of currency. When tha: object is effected, we have no doubt of the result, and our path will be straight and smooth before us.— Cuur.er. FnioATE United States. —We have before staled that this frig te, after having been fitted out at the Charlestown navy yard for a three years’ voyage, at an expense of £82,000, ha i been condemned at New York as unfit to go to sea. It appears from a statement in tbe Evening Post that on her arrival at the latter port, Cum. Ridgely called a survey upon her guns and shot. It was found that her shot were so ancient and from rust reduced in size that hardly a .y of them fitted the camion fur which th >y were intended, while from the same reason the bores and touch holes of the cannon prop.) tionably enlarged. In short, a great part of the battery was reported un serviceable. Upon further examination her tran som and apron, the two most important parts of the ship, upon which the wales and bottom planks, in other words the most important part i of the ship’s frame are secured, turn out to be rotten. A second survey upon the ship is called, and it is pretty well understood that their report has condemned the whole vessel as unscaworlhy. From the Georgia Journal. Legislative Sketches.— Continued. 2d January, 1840. Dear :—ln our last, we gave you some busty sketches of the most conspicuous debutants in ttie House of Representatives. Wc now tul fil our promise by extending our notice to the Semite Chamber. The Senate lias lost gieatiy in strength since the winter of’37 It .hen c »m --prehended a large number of talented men, Ilian during any year within our recollection. There are. however, some .ew men in this body now, who would have done honor to it at any period of its history. Beginning alphabetically, tliefirsi Senator whom we will notice, is Mr. Alexander, of Merriwethcr.—With a very partial acquaintance with this gentleman, we have not been enabled to mark the peculiari ties of his mind as we could have wished. Very modest—very unpretending—he rarely lakes tne floor; —whenever he dues, he secures Hie atten tion us the Senate, hy the solidity ot his malt. r. and the perspicuity wth which it is staled. We cannot class him with eloquent men. but lie is entitled to a high rank among the cool, culm and reflecting. There is nothing dazzling about him, but every thing to command our respect. Mu. Billups, of Oglethorpe.— Were a strang * er, somewhat of a physiognomist, to cast Ins eyes from the gallery down upon the uncovered members of the iSenute, witii a view, colijeelu rally, to fix upon the most distinguished, we ven ture the belief that they would thialiy rest upon this gentleman. We love to look upon his high, bce.hng forehead, as delicate and as white us those preparations of wax which we have occa sionally seen in an anatomical room. Wc gaze upon his large, lustrous, black eyes, so beuutilul when the depths of the heart are not stirred up by the storm of excitement, with a soil of wond er— and ask ourselves, il enkindle! with passion, would they nut bun: witii their bright flashes all tliatthey might tad upon. His face is striking— something Cassius like, and pale with thought. He speaks but seldom. Day after day have we lounged into -he lobby and gallery of the Senate with the hope to find him on his feet, and almost always have we returned disappointed to the oth er bull. We have known Air. Billups’ powers lirr many years. Wo remember him whilst in Franklin College, and have never forgotten the impressions which his oratory then made upon us. Wc then formed high expectations ul the brilliant career he was to run. We have been disappointed; he is not wlial he should have been, but it is easily solved. He is a man of wealth, and without ambition. When wt look upon him, we feel disposed to curse wealth as an evil, (though, by the bye, it is the very thing for which we are now toiling,)—wealth that “one is heir to.” Mr. B. is not yet in the meridian of life.— With years, many years, before senility shall have dimmed the faeuhties of his mind, we hope to see him yet (breed by the public voice from that retirement in which he has hid away the tal ent committed to his care. As a speaker, he is by far the most accomplisned on tbe Senate floor. Though somewhat accustomed to hearing un moved public speaking, wc have been hurried along by Mr. B. till we found ourselves without our reason, acting, or ready to act by impulse, under the influence of the emotions winch he has awakened. Wc should car ourselves, were we a judge, and he an advocate addressing us in some of those deeply inle esting cases which are illicit to be found in our halls us justice. What an eloquent advocate he would have made fur a - plaintitTin a crini. cun. case ! Du. Branham, of Putnam.—This gentleman is extensively known to the people of Georgia.— days long past, he acquired a reputation tor po litical intrigue, whit h has adhered to biui like the shirt ot Nessus. Hud the Doctor been bred | lo the law, and his strong natural faculties in- I vigoraicd by its searching analysis, he would have been a prodigy lor suitilty. Ilcbusb.cn long on tbe poliUul stage; and wc arc disposed , to think his bypot hondriacism, if not ill health, will ere long lead him to abandon it. i Mr. Gordon, of i hathain, is a very rrmarka , able man. In person, especially about the head, he bears a striking resemblance to Mr. JobuC, t Calhoun. When we say remarkable, we do not speak of any preeminence in menial endowments, I but in those bans ol character, which strike the i*most cursory observer. With agood.discrimina , tng mind and a clear judgment, we cannot, how- I etc; view linn as an interesting spea- cr—he is by . no means fluent—has a bad voice, and a very ile i fcctive elocution. His only care and ambition is t lo make himself understood. His perseverance . is o.' an indomitable character—he is neither lo lie disheartened nor dete red by a failure in any . thing be attempts. He renews Ins efforts again and again, as if lie was convinced that he could I wear the marble ssepe cade into. Decision churdc . trrizes every word, every act of this Senator.— r This virtue is in him pu-hed (o excess. So pro , niinent is it. that with many it is termed down , ridht übs inney. We consider hi u very deficient I in lact. and infinitely below his immediaie prede cessor from Chatham in tfiat useful—we will not i call it art, but—science. Mr. G. is a very deci ded parly man. If this were all. we could ad . mire him for being so—but he is a bit er one, , with scarce a spice of liliernlity in his opposition. , Now this is a fault—it is a stain upon the repu tation of any gentleman in these tunes , since the scorohii g flaims of Nullification areextinet, even , in the region in which that volcano first poured . forth its eruptions. We could pardon tt.cn his lieing Union mad. as we have ever hud no small I I >ve for it. The strifes and divisions of that era | should terminate. “Sufficient unto the day was the evil tin reof.” Mr. G. has too elevated a po- L siliun in Georgia, to drudge in the ranks ul fac tion, as if he were a mere party hack. Whatad -1 vaneeinent doth he look for? If any, we would beseech him to take to another ladder upon which | to mount. Wc have ever had great personal re ga d for this gentleman. We snceiely respeet (■ ilie nianyjand sterling virtues of his chaiacter.— Wc know too that he haa the esteem of the en- „af inftligrntlShT very p arl , from winch he separated, when (bat apple of discord was thrown into the rank- of the old Troup par ly. Identified with a magnificent work-even the very soul of it-it w,l| Ire a proud monument to his honor, and o( incalculable advantage to that most beautiful of cities, our own Savannah We would entreat him, fiom our State pride— trom our fervent attachment to the city ot Ogle thorpe— to adopt towards his political opponents a line of conduct marked by more conciliation.- ie has to our knowledge made men inimical to b^n grea . el “‘“; PriSC Wl ‘° ,m « hl as easily have cen mode, withouta c j nproiniiment of principle, it friends. Let Mr. G. review his own legisla tive experiente|or the last four years, and if mem a imsl’of able 0 "" 6 ’ W ‘! I,rra - v U P”" "s mirror a boat ol able men opposed to him by party de. signal ion. the first and foremost to aid him in ev ery important work, and when standing solitary Bat a n nd° 1 H , h,BS,de ° f V“ S, ' n “ le - "■*" the ’ a,, d Huntiegana, and Cones, hold the seep- , lufflr Z ar,l!r d r he 10,,k f - “ and ' i "But enough; we houe our friend Gor don wdl amend his ways. * T W l.u: Fl’tuhk. ,Vl. De Tocqueville, in his ot.h‘r raCy An,er l ica >” B P eakti ", the destiny I L dst et *t, iii Hu* lohownig lUUIi “ 1 here are, at the present time, two great na tions in the world, watch seem to lend towards the same end, altltough they started from differ ent points ; 1 allude to the Kusstans and Ameri cans, both of lliern have grown up unnoticed el-cwllere T ‘T* 1 "' ~,i,nki,,d directed ilsewhere, tney have suddenly assumed a most = ..entp,ace among the nations; at.dTe ““ d lbe,r Brealne “ All omer nations seem to have nearly reached her na.u ai limits, and ,mly to be chaicd wit! ,i rr ~u,r i,ien l* l s odd I srowib ; all the others are iS; f ,h C,,l, ' ,nUt l ° a d va,lCe with extieme dim.uhy , these are proceeding with ease and wit.l ce.enty along a path to vvni.-l, t!l e nun.an cytean asstgn no.erui. The A mem an strug- Z “ a Ural ( . -'dch oppoL Him, the adversaries ot tiie Russian arc men heiormer combats the w.lderm-ss and s “s2 fa U-‘‘t’| WV,laat ' 0U ’ WU “ a " l “ e ore gamed' the om ' *«>- ‘..ere -r"" on In* i• ' * American relies on his personal interest to accomplish hi. ends and gives tree scope to the ungu.ded exeilnms and common sense ot citizens; the Russian cen .ts a.I the authority of society in a s.ngle arm ; Ihe principal instrument ol the former is IV,-e --d0,.. ot tiie. latter, servitude. 'Their starting point is ditlercnt, and tliei- courses are not the same; yet each of Uicn seems to lie marked out h«i. tL w gi!.:;,>- Hejveu to sway iiie d - tini - " f Mn. Van- Buhkx isii Vs«. Aiiams.— Extract of a letter dated Washington. Dec. 28.—f called to day to pay my respects to the President, and round him fas I hope f may be allowed without in ecoruin or impropriety, to mention mv visit ) to be ‘ 111 good health and spirits.” He looks a little older than when I saw him last, and his face is rather more furrowed and cate worn. But he still wears “ the everlasting smile.” for wh eh he is famous, and which, in my opinion, does not add dignity or openness to his c0u.,1. mine, He conversed nff.ldy and pleasantly, but with weariness ami caution. I found ope of his new Nulhfynig friends with him, and left the same friend still lingering behind, when I departed 1 walked through some of the moms in the Presi dents House. They arc most magnificently turnished. lam told that the carpets, curtains and mirrors in the East room. now. are worth more than all the furniture that was in the wh >le house when John Q. Adams was President. And yet Mr, Adams was a spendthrift, aristo crat . and Mr. Van Burcn is an economical democrat! A Prefect Madman !—A man his been confined in the Philadelphia Asylum (or the In sane, tor picking a printer’s pocket! He must have been bereft of bis senses, to undertake to rob a printer. Origin- or Slander.—Mother Jasper told me that she heard Greaiwo si’s wife say that John Smith’s aunt men toned to her that Mrs. Lu-ly was present when the widow Barknian said that Hcrtall’s cousin thought Ensign Doo little’s sister believed that old Miss Oxlev reckon ed that Sam Trifle’s better half had told Mrs. Spaulding that she heard John Rheumer’s wo man say that M rs. Genden had two husbands!! Bkau Brvnmkll.—ft will be matter of news I to many peisons to hear that tins “..ace ct-lei,rat ed person, the arbiter eteganl.arunt of George IV., when Prince of Wales, and the glass m winch the yoiitn—that is the fashinablc youth of England, did (in those times,; dress themselves.” is now in a place set apart lor those who labor under mental derangement, at Caen, in Norman dy. she admiied of all admirers is existing on ihe almost extorted benevolence of relations, and the contrib tiuns ot old friends. The whole amount ot his income is scarcely jElllti a yeai. Poor George! How differently must his luxu ries be now to what tiny once were! jElno a year for one who begun file with a good fortune, hi-fi* expectations, great connections, and prince ly pilronagc! The ruling passion .eignstn- k umphanteven in the walls of arn id Inu e. Urau Biuniniell st.ll imagines himseh a tine gentle man and asst,mes ad the airs and importance of bis by-gone popularity and good fortune. Amongst other feats he rings the bell of his solita ry apartment continually, file keeper, who with great tkoni.niity tiuinois h.s inssinlv, asks wiiat commands? -Order my carriage,” says the light of other days; - I must go directly to Carl ton House to sec the Prince.” coimgnees pel Month Carolina Hail Unnd. Hamburg, January 13, IS4O. .1. G. Dunlap; J W. Houghton; Clark, ivaekett St Co.-, A. Danforth; Itrochon at U ; I Dwells; Earle . Co.; A. Kredciick; w . M. Frazer; flees at heal'; \V .1. Vin ent; W. St J. Nelson; 1. S. beers A- Co; S. Kneelaml St .-on; Hiird «. Howland; B. VV. , 6,'ce; J. Davidson; bto.-ail, Simmons St Co; Rankin. Itoggs it Co ; I . -A. iii. ha.ds; C. A. Platt; G. McLaughlin; VV E. lackson; E. D. Cooke; E. «t .1. Snyoei; D. Plunkett; J Usbe ; Caber it Rooney; <!. Parrott; Anderson & j ointg; J. K. lien sun; Dicirson it Sion - . M AIUNK I\Ti:j.LKiKi\CE.‘" ' Savannah, Jan. If. Cleared— Brig Audebon, hicklint, Havana. Arrived —Sehrs Azures, Laiitunl, New \ ileans- Gen vi aye, lllaekstun, do. I Vent to sea —brigs Savannah Sbapter. Boston; Dgletnoi pc, banners, Havana, Charles Joseph,Mau ran, Havre. ( HARLESTON, Jan. 13. Arrived on yesterday -Bt >iup Erut (,u uragh, Sumptuii.St. I homas; tr.igs Helen, Adams, rVes rastie (Me.); l,eorgc, liowhndge, New LrteaiiS; Daniel Wooster, Auams,r:u ; sebr Export,t.aiuuer, haratuna, ;La.) i leired —.-tup James Perkins, Jlis-un, Havre; haigne v alhalla, Antwerp; hrig l ei,\y, llami tcii, bt ari-s; sth, j.. live,l>ruwti,i>alvestun. (Texas.) Hint to tea yesterday— ,-bip Loug.ess, Eaton, Havre ; in brig l ame, oulntiiie, West mdies; stlir Acti e, blown. Brown, Ga.veston, v . e.%as.) hel w —i.rig canton, from the Aurth la tiie Offing —b liiji Came.ia. from i urks Island ; Dr brig Wood,ink ; and a French brig.