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CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. AUGUST A. SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 18. The practice of Uucountmg fictitious bills of Exchange by our Banks, instead of discounting mercantile paper, is the grossest abuse of the privi lege of banking, • fiat has come to our knowledge. It is nothing more than an indirect way of obtain ing usurious interest, which their charters forbid them to take, and the high price of B xchange, it is demonstrable, is the result of this same usurious ■pirit. We do not object to our Banks discount ing bills of Exchange drawn against produce or actual funds in the hands of the drawee, because that is a part of their legitimate business, and they are useful to the public in the transfer of money in that way, but for a Bank to refuse te discount good notes payable at short time, for the accommodation of merchants, and at tbo same lime willingly discount tbeir fictitious bills of Exchange, for the purpose of extorting a dou ble profit, is an abomination that calls loudly for reform. The object of discounting bills is to procure Exchange on the place upon which the bill is drawn, but three fictitious bills do not real ly create such Exchange, and are nothing more thin obligations held by the Bank here, upon the drawer, to pay it the difference in Exchange be tween the two places. Thus, a merchant in good standing, whoae note payable hern, will not bo ciseounled, being compelled to raise a sum of mo ney, draws his bill upon Charleston, at sixty days and gels it discounted, “interest off. At the end of sixty days, hasing no funds in Charles ton, ho goes to the Bank which discounted the bill and pays them 4 per cent, premium for « re newal for sixty days longer—or perhaps the Bank gives him an order for Ilia bill upon bis pay ing the premium—or sells him a draft at four pc r cent, upon the very funds which his own bill is to crest*, to meet it!!! These shifts are resorted to by the Banks to extort large profits, and üb mittnd to by the merchant, to save bis credit; but it is a system which no merchant can long withstand, and one which the Banks will con tinue as long as they wring it from the distressed. Now we insist upon it that if any Bank can venture to issue its bills to do such a business us this, it can as safely venture to issue them upon or dinary business paper; and if they run get bills on Charleston at par, interest off, for sixty day» ( they can afford to sell the Exchange created by thsae bill* at much lesa than four per cent. pre. mium. It really seems us if our Bunks had set up a regular opposition to the brokers—and gone wholly and solely into the business of shaving. What is it they fear, to prevent them from issu ing 1 They do not pay specie, and they ate not compelled to redeem their bill* in exchange. If we truly understand the views of our merchants, they do not so much object to paying the enor mous rates of Exchange, as to the parsimonious course of the Bank* by which meney is made so scarce as to disable them from purchasing it even at those rate*. We hope the statement* of the following coimnunic ition arc true. The Insurance Bank has certainly a handsome circulation, which ia at least some evidence that it is doing something for the relief of the city. We hope, 100, that it will continue to do good, and that the other Banks may step forward and imitate its laudubl* example. By concert of action among all, much good might be done. Mmishs. Eiiitoh* :—I am glad to see the stand you have taken in relation to the Banks. I think, however, that one honorable exception might lie made, viz. the Insurance Bank, which has, to the extent of its ability, afforded every facility to the mercantile community. It* bills arc in high credit throughout Georgia and Caro lina. and constitute a larger part of the circula tion of ibis city than any Bank here. Within a very recent period, it has discounted a Urge amount of local business paper, in small sums, mid in such u way as to afford relief to the great est number. The Branch of the State Bank, too, although it has not done aa much ns it might do, has nevertheless not altogether closed it* door* to a suffering community. A. Mas. Bahnks’ Bciiskit takes place to-night, and as we understand that this is the last visit of Mr. Barnes and his family to the South, vse ad vise all who love a good Play to see these old acquaintances take their farewell. The enter tainments are most attractive. Knowles' Play of “Woman’s Wit, or Love's Disguises," has been, fur the past year, most successful, and pos sesses great interest. The characters embrace the talents of Mr. and Mrs. Barnes, Miss Barnes, and Mr. Forbes ; with such a cast the Play must be admirably performed. In addition, and in compliance with the wishes of many of our citixcns, we have the Drama of La Elite, which Miss Barnes has so happily adapted ; while the original Epilogue, written by Miss Charlotte, must lie heard from the lips of the authoress to be felt and understood. Uttiik of llawkinsville. The Macon Telegraph of the 14th says—A report is going the rounds of the newspapers, that the Stock in the Ilawkinsville Bank had been sold to a Company iu Alabama. We speak advisedly, when we say, there is not a word of truth in said report. The Hawkintville Bank is ■till owned and managed by Kawls, Tarver, Ev eritl and other*—men of irreproachable charac ter, and above all suspicion as to pecuniary res ponsibility. In fact, wo look upon this institu tion as among the very safest and soundest in the Stale. Nxwsesrxas. —The first newspaper publish ed in this country, was the Boston News Letter, a weekly paper, first published in 1704. The Boston listen*, the second newspaper, publish ed in 17*0. In 1731, the New England Cou rt nt was commenced. It was printed by Benja min franklin,chiefly on pic* type, in two col umns, on half a sheet, of the sue of pH writing W**- from the Sew York Star of tin Utti. Late from Europe. By the packet ship Hibernia, Capt, Cobb, wt have received English news to the 1 llh of Decem ber. The news is not of much importance. Par liament was expected to assemble on the 7th oi January. No material change appears to have taken place sinee the last advices. The loan ol Mr. Jaudon, effected in behalf of the United .Slalei Bank, is a standing topic of conversation in the money market, though the business appear* to In ■till enveloped in mystery. UaiTKU States Bank Stock. —The Lon don Sun of the evening of the 10th of December say* “The Shore* of United Stales Bank may lit nominally quoted at XIB per Share." From the Morning Port </ Pec 10. The arrangement announced as having just ta ken place between Messrs. Rothschild & Sons and Mr. Jaudon has caused a decided improve ment in the value of U. Stales Bank shares. Sale* of them were made in the course of the morning at Xl9 to Xl9 10s [ter share. Il ie un derstood that there are plenty of capitalists ready logo into the new loan, astbe interest yielded up on the price given is somewhere about 10 per ct. per annum. The only objection made to it ap pears to lie with respect to the guarantee offered for the reimbursement of the money, the underta king of the U. Slates Bank being deemed scarce ly sufficient in the present situation of its affairs. The measure bus naturally engaged a good deal of the attention of those who are in the habit of taking a leading part in such matters. Tbo Times of Monday evening slates that the Messrs. Rothschild have been named as contrac tor* for it—and the total amount is stated at £900,- 000, for which they are to issue 5 per cent, de bentures, at 92, and to hold as collateral security a large deposit of Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania and other American Stale storks. But whether Messrs, Rothschild advance this money as a new transaction, is left unexplained. Livrhpool Cuttob Market, Dec. 9. The sales to-day amount about 5000 bags, inclu -1100 American on speculation. Prices arc the same as at the close of last week. 3000 Pernams at 0J to lOd; 100 Maranham, 9 Jd; 89 Bahia, 9 jd; 100 Surat, 5J to SJ; a few Egyptian, 11J; the remainder, American, OJd to Bd. On Saturday, 4000 were sold. Britieh India. —lntelligence of considerable interest had been received from India, the dates being, from Calcutta, October 13th, Madras 19th, and Bombay 28th. On the 18tli of September; the Anglo-Indian troops set out on their return from Gleixni. They were to stop for a few days at Kelii, and depose the chief of that princi pality for alleged unfriendly acts towards the English interests, and especially for taking an active part in the hostilities encountered by the troop on their march to Afghanistan. A vast conspiracy for the overthrow of the English power in India, ia said to have been dis covered nt Karnuul, an independent Mohamme dan principality, the fort of which is 270 miles from Madras. A strong force was despatched thither by the Governor General, and the tort was invested and taken without resistance, as well as that of Jotidpore. The cholera has broken out among the troops sent against Joudpore end Kurnard, in consc qnence of which the camp at the former place was precipitately broken up on the 3d of Oct. There is no later intelligence from China, but from Calcutta we learn that two men-of-war had sailed for Canton, and that four others were or dered to Bombay, to hold themselves in readiness to tail for Canton, if necessary, on receipt of despatches from Captain Elliott. France. —Paris papers of Sunday, the Bth of December, had been received in London. They contain little additional news of importance. A third person implicated in the affair of the in fernal machine had been arrested. At his apart ments were found quantities of arms and amu nition. The Ministerial Journals are silent respecting the alleged appointment of the Duke of Orleans to a command in the army by which Abd-el-Kader is to bo attacked next spring. Letters from Toulon of the 4tli Dec. state that the steamer Vaulour, which left Algiers 30th Not. arrived in that port on the night of the 3d, with despatches from Marshal Vslice. When she sailed, the report of a distant cannonade was heard in Algiers, ami il was believed that Abd-el- Kader bad made a general attack on the fiencb line. All the persons who arrived from the the atre of hostilities, were enjoined to secrecy by the authorities, lest any unpleasant news should tran spire and increase the discouragement which had already seized the European population. Not a single soldier remained in the city, and its protec tion was then entirely committed to the armed citizens. The liveliest uneasiness accordingly prevailed. The Moors, on the other hand, who amounted to at least 20,000, were in the greatest exultation. Ism*.—The advices from India were from Calcutta the 13th and Bombay the 28th Octobei, They stale that the fall of Chiznee, which deci ded the Affglmn question, had produced a most important impression on the people. In Burmah and Nepaul the eflect was instantaneous. Upon Persia it would tic equally influential. New York Legialature. In the Senate, on the 7th, on motion of Mr. Furman, the Senators proceeded to draw fur their respective terms of service, which resulted as fol lows : Mr. Humphrey, 2 Mr. Root, 4 Mr, Sanford, 1 In the Assembly, the old rules were adnptep. Jutido Hertell opposed the motion to appoint a chaplain, and moved the resolution be laid on the table, which, after some discussion, was agreed to. Mr. P. H. Porter gave notice of bis inten tion to introduce a bill relative to the election of State Printer. In the Semite, on Wednesday, Gen. Root of fered a resolution for a call of a Convention to amend the Constition of the United States, Unit ing the election of a Piesident to one term —pro- hibiting the appointment of members of Congress to office—also prohibiting the removal from office by the President without the consent of the Sen ate, and appointing the Secretary of the Treasury by Congress. Mr. Furman introduced a bill pro\ iding for the election of a Senator in Con gress the day after the passage of the bill—it was read once. On motion, Richard M. Meigs was elected Bergeanl-at-Arnis, and Philip M. De/ing doorkeeper. In the House, Mr. Porter introduc ed bis bill for the election of Stale Printer for four years, and Mr. Thurlow Weed was named in the bill by a majority of 10 votes. The bill was still under discussion when the House ad journed.—Star. From tie Baltimore American. Bank or Kenri’CKX.—We learn from th< New York Courier that letters have been receive* from the Secretary of the Sinking Fund of Ken lucky, by (oirlies in New-Vork, who have madi sales to the Commissioners of Certificates of tlu Bank of Kentucky, stating, in effect, that it ap peering by recent development* that a largi number of Certificates of stock in the Bank o Kentu ky had been surreptitiously issued froit the Schuylkill Bank, the transfer agent of tin Bank of Kentucky in Philadelphia—and trails ferred at the agency of the Bank of Kentucky in New York —the Union Bank—the Commis sinners not having the means of ascertaining whether the share* they purchased are or arc no of the spunoua kind, invite attention to the facts in older to ascertain upon whom the loss muai ultimately fall. L'pon mu statement the Couitet remark* — This in certainly the mo»t extraordinaiy logic. e We should aay that the lota muat certainly fall .. on the Bank of Kentucky. If they clothe an r- agent with certain power*, publicly and officially ,f announce the authority they have conferred on c him, and he abuse such powers and authority, 3 f surely they must bear the consequences. Were ,g it otherwise, there would be an end of all securi ic ty in making transfers of any kind of stock, in deed of all safety, to intermediate agents, who Income parties to the transfer of evidences of debt of any kind—for though such evidence r> comes from the fountain head, —suppose, for in ie stance, from the Bank itself, —who can possibly say that there has not been some surreptitious dealing in its creation. Ft is an. qnfortunate affair for the Bank, no doubt, but it cannot, at 8 least in a mercantile view, shift the responsibility from its own shoulders. i. e From the New York Herald. i- Great Resumption ol Specie Payment*. 1 We learn that a large portion of the money sto - leu from the brig Vineyard, in November, 1830. ’• by Gibbs, the pirate, and his awociales, Wansley " and others, has been found upon a small island, culled Plumb Island, lying between the east end ot Coney Island and the west side of Barren Isl and, on the Long Island coast. The first discovery of this noncy took place ‘ upon New Vear’s day, immediately after the lute 1 heavy blow. On that day, three fishermen, or wreckers, took a boat, and went cruising round 3 the shores of the above three islands for pieces of wrecks, or whatever “plunder” the sea might " throw in their way. When they landed on the south side of Plumb Island, they say the Mexican dollars strewing the 1 beach, from the edge of the water up to a high sand batik, about a rod from high water mark. It was in this sand hank that Giblis, Wansley, Dowes and Brownrigg, buried all the specie (bey took on shore from the brig Vineyard; and, mis taking Plumb Island for Barren island, when they went, afterwards, to show the officers where 1 the money was buried, they could not find the > spot. After a lapse of nine years, the sea has laid the treasure bate. ’ The sand band, in which they buried the mon ey, is, as we have stated, about a rod from high water mark; and the sea never reaches it, except 1 in unusually severe gales, as in the present in -1 stance. During the recent high tides, the sea washed away the sand, washed off some of the canvass hags, in which they were buried, and strewed dollars all along the lieacti, besides re-bu rying some in the sand again. The greater part, however, were not disturbed, but lay in their ori ginal grave, on the top of the hank like a ridge of potatoes. From this spot to the water’s edge, the three first finders saw the dollars lay like sea shells on the shore. Fur two days, they had the picking all to themselves. Since then, all the claim hoys, wreckers, and loafers, from the neigh boring villages, have turned out, and dug in the sand with various success. Some would find S2O in a lump; others S3OO in a spot, and so in proportion. One man found a pair of sus penders, sowed full of dollars, that had lielonged to Atwill, the pirate, who was drowned going ashore. The search still continues; at least 300 people are on Plumb Island, raking and scratch ing; and they have established a ferry from the cast end of Coney Island, where they charge 25 cents for a passage to the lucky spot. The career ol Gibbs, who buried the money on this spot, was a curious one. He was born in Rhode Island in 1794. At the age of fifteen, he went on board the U- 8. sloop of war Hornet, and was in the action when she took the Peacock, off Pernambuco. Ho followed Lawrence on board the Chesapeake, was taken by the Shannon sent to Dartmouth, and exchanged. He returned to Boston, borrowed a thousand dollars, opened a rum shop in Ann street, called the Tin Pot. Here he burst up. on account of spending his money on girls, and sailed in the ship John, for Buenos Ayres. Here he joined a Buenos Ayrean privateer, mutinied, took the vessel, landed the crew in Florida, steered for the West Indies, cap tured 20 vessels, and murdered 400 persons. The haunt of himself ami associates was the Regis, at Havana. In 1819 he came to New York, with $30,000, spent several weeks here, went to Bos ton, and sailed in the ship Emerald, Capt. Fox, for Liverpool. Here he met and seduced the cel ebrated Jane Henry, now in this city, whose love letters to Gibbs made such a noise. In 1826, he revisited the United States, and hearing of the war netween Brazil and the Re public of Buenos Ayres, sailed from Boston in the brig Hitty, of Portsmouth with a determination, as he states, of trying his fortune in defence of a republican government. Upon his arrival he made himselfknown to Admiral Brown, and com municated his desire to join their navy. The ad miral accompanied him to the Governor, and a Lieutenant’s commission bring given him. he joined a ship of 34 guns, called the “Twenty Fifth of May.” He served for a long time as sth lieutenant, then had command of n privateer schooner, with two 24 pounders and 46 men. He then bought half u Baltimore schooner, was captnred when seven days out, taken into Rio Janeiro and im prisoned till the peace, when ha came to New York. A year afterwards he sailed hence in the Sally Ami, landed at Barcelona, crossed to Port Mahon, and then to Tunis. Not being able to join the Dey of Algiers, he mused, like Marius, among the ruins of Carthage. He then went to Boston, via Marseilles. Gibbs, in his last visit to Boston, remained there hut a few days, when he took passage to New Orleans, and entered as one of the crew on board the brig Vineyard; and for assisting in the murder of the unfortunate captain and mate of i which, he was justly condemned, and the awful 1 sentence of death passed upon him ! The par ■ ticulars of the bloody transaction (agreeable to f the testimony of Dawes and Brownrigg, the two principal witnesses,) are ns follows : The brig - Vineyard, Capt. William Thotnby, sailed from ) New Orleans about the 9lh of November, 1830, -for Philadelphia, with a cargo of 112 bales of cot • 10n,113 hhds. sugar, 54 caks of molasses and a 54,000 dollars in specie. Besides tie captain, e there were on board the brig, Win. Roberts, mate, - six seamen shipped at New Orleans, and tic r cook. Rolrert Dawes, one of the crew, states on I examination, that when about five days out. he i- was tol-.l that there was money on board. Charles s Gibbs, E. Church, and the steward then deter s mined to take possession of the brig. They ask g od James Talbot, another of he crew, to join •- them. He said no, he did not believe there was ir money in the vessel. They concluded to kill the d captain and mate, and if Talbot and John Brown- II rigg would not join hem, to kill them also.— I- The next night they talked of doing it, and got their clubs ready. Dawes dared not say a word, as they declared they would kill him if lie did; as they did not agree about killing Talbot and Brownrigg, shipmates, it was put off. They ie next concluded to kill the captain and mate on *| the night ol November 22, but, on the night of i- tha 23d, they killed them. Ie Alter killing the captain and mate, they set ie about overhauling the vessel, and got up one keg [>. of Mexican dollars. They then divided the cap ;e tain’s clothes, and money—about 40 dollars and of a gold watch. Dawes, Talbot and Brownrigg, m (who were all innocent of the murder,) were ie obliged to do as they were commanded—the for s- mer who was placet! the helm, was ordered to v steer for Long Island. On the day following, s- they divided several kegs of the specie, amount ig ing to five thousand dollars each—they made ot hags and sewed the money up. After this divis s, ion they divided the remainder of the money tt without counting it. On Sunday, when about 15 miles 8. 8. E. of Southampton Light, they got the boats out and pul hail the mousy in cacti —they then scuttled the vessel and set fire to it in the cabin, and took to the beats. Gibbs, after the murder, look charge of the vessel us captain. From the papers they learnt that the money be longed to Stephen Girard. With the boats they made the land about daylight. Dawes and his three companions were in the long boat; the others, with Atwell, were in the jolly boat—on coming to the bar the boats struck—in the long boat, they threw overboard a trunk of clothes and and a great deal of money, in all about s6()ot) — the jolly boat found red; they saw the boat fill, and heard them cry out, and saw them clinging to the masts—they went ashore on Barren Is land—(they meant Plumb Island) —and buried the money in the sand, but very lightly. Soon after they met with a gunner, whom they re quested to eonduct them where they could get some refreshments. They wers by him conduc ted to Johnson’s (the only man living on the is land,) where they staid all night—Dawes went to bed about 10 o’clock—Jack Brownrigg setup with Johnson, and in the morning told Dawes Unit he had (old Johnson all about the murder.— Johnson went in the morning with the steward for the clothes, which were left on the top of the place where they hurried the money, but they took away no money.” Such were the facts as they appeared on the trial, Dawes and Brownrigg were admitted Slates evidence as, from their statements, Gibbs and Wansley were arrested, and taken first to Flat bush, as pirates. The other three, Atwill, Church and Talbot, were drowned in the jolly boat, oft - Plumb Inlet. After their committal they took the officers to search for the money they buried, but could not find it. There was at first $54,600. Os this, the three lost in the jolly boat had their first share, sls 000 besides their share of the last division, about S4OOO more, Gibbs threw SSOOO ovemoard from the long boat, leaving about $30,000 that was hurried; and nearly all of which has been found. Sxow.—When drops of water are congealed into spicula! in the air, they collect, in falling, into flakes of snow. Above the region of the glaciers the snow sometimes falls in separate spiculx. When examined with a microscope, , snow reveals a beautiful structure, consisting of needles which arc regular six-sided prisms, formed from a rhomboid, whichj is the primitive shape. It falls more abundautly in temperate, than in arctic regions, and is found to be beneficial rather than otherwise; for, being a had conductor of heat, it preserves the plants beneath from too great a degree of cold. On one occasion in Ger many, snow fell on the corn which was in flower, and preserved it fiom a hard frost that followed, so that ultimately the corn ripened. Under neath ice, snow is often found to be not lower in temperature than 32° (just the freezing point;) and hence people buried under the snow, if per mitted a free access of air, may live a long while, because warmer than if on the surface. Red snow has been observed at Baffin’s Bay, and the neighboring regions. Itscolor was found to be owing to minute red mushrooms, or fungi, growing m the snow. In an account of Bir John Ross's last voyage, this phenomena is no ticed as follows: “On the 17th of August, it was discovered that the snow on the face of the cliffs presented on appearance both novel and interesting, being apparently stained, or covered with some sub stance, which gave it a deep crimson color. Ma ny conjectures were formed concerning the cause of this appearance, and a party was dispatched from the ship to bring off some of the snow. It was found to he penetrated, in many places, to live depth of ten or twelve feet, by the coloring matter, and it had the appearance of having lieen a fosg time in that state. On being brought on boani. the snow was examined with a microscope, magnifying a hundred times; and the red sub stance appeared to consist of particles resembling a very minute round seed—all of them being of he same size, and of a deep red color. On their being dissolved in water, the latter assumeu the appearance of muddy port wine; and, in a few hours, it deposited a sediment, which was again examined with the microscope. It was found to be composed entirely of red matter, which, when apidied to paper, produced a color resembling that of Indian red. It was the opinion of Doctor Wollaston, that this was not a marine produc tion, but a vegetable substance produced in the mountain immediately above.” Among the glaciers, yellow snow is sometimes found. Capt. Scoreshy observed snow of an or ange color, owing to the presence of minute ani mals. What is called ‘the snow-line,’ is the region where congelation commences. As heated air ascends, how is that the cold increases as we go up a mountain 1 The reason is, that the density of the air diminishes as we ascend; and,conse quently, its heat is absorbed (becoming latent, as it is called,) so that the temperature falls. With in the tropics the snow-line is generally stationa ry, because the temperature there dues not vary much; hut ns we recede from the equator the hight ol the snow-line is more variable, becoming again stationary at the poles. Under the equator this line is many thousand feet above the level of the sea. At for y degrees forth latitude, its bight lit about nine thousand feet above the level of the sea in summer; but in winter it falls lower. At sixty degrees north lititude, the hight of the summer snow-line is about three thousand seven hundred feet, hut in winter it falls to the level of the sea. At the polls, it is supposed that the snow lies all the year round, the weather chang ing but little. Theieare some modifying circum stances which influence the snow-line. Suppose a range of mountains, in the same latitude, with one end reaching the sea. At this end the snow line will be lower than at any other part; because this portion of the range, being near the sea, is invited, during a large i>ortion of the year, with mists and fogs, which keep down the tempera ture; while, in the interior, the valleys become heated, and thus force up the snow-tine to a greater hight. This is the case with the Scandi navian mountains. In means just stated, and the snow-line is therefore higher in the middle— so that it assumes a convex form. In a range of mountains in Switzerland, the snow-line on their south side (exposed to the sun) is ten thousand feel above the level of the sea, but on the north side it is only three thousand six hundred feet. “ So was Franklin I” “O, you're a ’prentice!” said a little boy the , other day tauntingly to his companion. The j addressed turned proudly round, and while the , fire of injured pride and the look ut pity were strongly blended in his countenance, coolly an swered—“ So was Franklin." t The dignified reply struck me forcibly ; and t I turned to mark the disputants more closely. ( The former, I perceived by his dress, claimed a | higher rank in society than hia humble but more , dignified companion. The latter was a spright , ly, active lad, scarcely twelve years old, and f coarsely, but cleverly attired. But young a* he was. there wus visible in his countenance much of genius, manly dignity, and determined resolu , lion—while that of the former exhibited omv \ fostered pride and the imagined superiority of | riches. The little fellow, thought we, gazing at our , young hero, displays already much of the man— , though his calling tie an humble one, and though poverty extends to him her dreary, cheerless reality, still he looks on the brightest side of the scene, and already rises in anticipation from puv . erly. woe and wretchedness! Once, “to was Franklin !" and the world may one day witness in our little “ prentice ” as great a philosopher as they have already seen in his noble pattern. And we poised on buried in meditation. JJ4 \ \ Ihe motto of out infantile philosopher con tains too ranch to lie forgi tten, and should he en graven on the minds of all. What can better cheer a man in an humble calling, that the re flection that the greatest statesman—the highest philosophers—and the proudest warriors—have once graced the same profession. Look at Cincinnatus! At the call of his coun try, he laid aside the plough and seized the sword. But after wielding it with entire success when his country was no longer endangered, and public affairs no longer needed his stay, he ••beat his sword into a plough share,” and return ed with honest delight to his little farm. Look at Washington ! What was his course of life ! He was first a fannei—and next coin rnander-in-chirf of a host of freemen, fighting for the liberties of his country from the thralls of despotic oppression; next caller! to the high est seat of government by his ransomed bn th ren, a President of the highest republic on earth, and lastly, a fanner again. Look at Franklin. He who— With the thunder talked, as friend to friend. And wove Ids gat land of the lightning’s wii.g In sportive wist! What was he I a printer! Once a mechanic in a printing-office ! Poverty stared him in the face ; but the blank, hollow look could nothing daunt him. He struggled against a harder cur rent than the most are called on to encounter; but he did not y.eld. He pressed manfully on ward ; bravely buffetted misfortune’s billows; and gained the desired haven ! What was the famous Ben Johnson ? He was first a bricklayer or mason! What was he in alter years ? ’tis needless to answer! What was Burns l An Ayreshire plough man ! What was he in after life, in the estima tion of his countrymen, and the world! Your library gives the answer ! Shall we go on, and call up the proud, array, all the mighty host of worthies that have lived snd died ; who were cradled in the lap of'penu ry, and received their first lesson in the school of affliction ! No, we have cited instances enough already—yea, more than enough to prove the point in question ; namely, that there is no pro fession, however low in the opinion of the world, but has been honored with earth’s greatest and worthiest. V oung man ! Does the iron hand of fortune press hard upon you, and disappointments well nigh sink your despairing soul! Have cour rage!—mighty ones have been your predeces sors, and Itave withstood the current of opposi tion, that threatened to overwhelm their fragile bark! Do you despise your humble station and re pine that Providence has not placed you in some nobler sphere ! Murmur not against the dispen sations of an all-wise Creator! Remember that wealth is no criterion of moral rectitude, or in tellectual worth; that riches, dishonestly gained, are a lasting curse; that virtue and uprightness works out a rich reward; and then “An honest man is the noblest work of Clod.” And when dark disappointment comes, do no* wither at her stare—but press forward, and the prize is yours ! It was thus with Franklin—it can be thus with you. He strove for the prize and won it! So may you. ’Ti* worthy con tending for ! and success will attend you; and the ‘stars’ will be brighter as the ‘stripes’ wear deeper.—C. VP. Everett. From the Sailor’s Magazine. Diabters at Ska in thk tkar 1839.—A re cord has been kept at the office of the American Seaman’s Friend Society, during the year just closed, as in past years, of disasters at sea, so far as they could be ascertained, vbich resulted in a total loss of the vessels. The following is the result: The whole number of vessels lost is 442 Os these there were Ships and Barks 74 do Brigs 124 do Schooners 197 do Sloops do Steamboats 9 do Unknown 32 Os these there were lost, towards the close of 1838, but were reported in 1839 52 Wrecked in January 26 do February 27 do March 33 do April 21 do May 29 do June lg do July 15 do August 29 do September 64 do October 30 do November 27 do December 8 do Time unknown 61 Added to the above entire and known I isses, there lias been icported thirty-seven missing ves sels during the year, which, with their crews have most probably been entirely lost. Five hun dred and thirty-seven lives have been reported as lost, but the loss of life is undoubtedly much greater than this, as many vessels were reported as abandoned, or bottom up, where the crew was missing, and no intelligence has been received from them. The above facts speak a language concerning the sorrows of seamen, not to be misunderstood, and they should ire most solemn ly pondered by those who have a heart to feel and a heart to relieve. Pkhsonal Appearance of Lord Brough am.—Rev. Mr. Clark, in his “glimpsesof the Old World,” thus describes the appearance of this celebrated orator: “Lord Brougham’s appearance is rather strik ing. He is somewhat tall, quite thin, rather care less in his personal appearance, with a face, into which, when he is speaking, is thrown infinite expression. 1 never saw the man who played off with so much facility and effect, whole volleys of the most keen and caustic satire. When assail ing an opponent, having cut off all possibility of retreat, bn seems to delight to stand and wave over him in taunt his shining scimitar, before it descends with merciless and exterminating pow er. His words do not express half the meaning that is conveyed while he is speaking. He has the hauit of drawing up one side of his face, and especially the left nostril, into such on aquiline shape when about to utter any thing particularly caustic that every word seems to derive immense point from the peculiar expression of his counte nance, Thf. Society of Women.— No society is more profitable, because none more refining and provocative of virtue, than that of refined and sen sible women. God enshrined peculiar goodness in the form of woman, (hat hei beauty might win, her gentle voice invite, and the desire of her favor persuade man’s sterner souls to leave paths of sinful strife for the ways of pleasantness and peace. But when woman falls from her blest eminence, and sinks the guardian and the cher isher of pure and rational enjoyments into the vain coquette, and flattered idolator of idle fash ion, she is unworthy of an honorable man’s love, or a sensible man’s admiration. Beauty is then but at best Dear deceit.”- We honor the chivalrous deference which is paid in our land to women. It proves that our men know how to respect virtue and pure affec tion. and that our women are worthy of such re s(»ect. Yet woman should be something more than mere woman to win us to their society. To be our companions, they should be fitted to be our friends; to rule our hearts, they should be deser ving the approbation of our minds. There are 1 * \ N ' many such, and that there are not more, ns ra.lu - the fault of our sex than their own; and despite all the unmanly scandals that have been thrown upon them in piose and verse, they would rather share in the rational conversation of men of sense than listen to the silly compliments of fools; and a man dishonors them as well as disgraces h m self, when he seeks their circle for idle pastimes, and not for the improvement of his mind and the elevation of his heart.— Merchant's Magazine, (Zj’ At a Convention of the Regimental Oill ccrs of the 10th Regiment, Georgia Militia, hol den on Wednesday, the 15th January, 1840; Present, Lt. Col. S. (;. Wilson, Capt. W. T. Gould, A. A G. “ E. Starnes, C. R. “ £.G. McGolrick, 122 d dis. Co* “ S. Milling, 398th “ •• “ M. P. Stovall. 600th »• •. i he following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted, viz : Whereas, by an act of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia at its last session, the 10t Regiment has been so altered as to confine it to the limits of the City of Augusta : And Where as, the lines and bounds of the Battalions within said Regiment are undefined. Therefore, Resolved, That all that part of the City of Au gusta cast of, and below Mclntosh street, and known as the Ist and 2d Wards of said city, compose and be designated the 75th Battalion of the Militia of this Slate. 2d And be it further Resulted, That all tha‘ part of the City of Augusta, lying west of. and abo-e Mclntosh street, and known as the 3d and 4th wards of said cily, constitute the • Battalion of the Militia of this State. On Motion, Resolved, That the proceedings of the Convention be signed by the Chairman and countersigned by the Clerk of ;he Regiment, and published in the city papers, for the information of all concerned. On motion, the Convention then adjourned. SAMUEL C. WILSON, Chairman, James W. Clarke, Clerk. nor T ° b * numbered by llis Excellency, the Gover- Cousigneeg per South Carolina Kail HoadT Hamburg, January 17, 1840. Dr. P. F. Eve ; Russell, Hutchinson St Co.; T Dawson jJ. T. Parmelee; Rees At Heal;; Hand it Scranton ; \\ . K. Jackson ; (istrotzke A Co ; J L. brazeri A. Frederick; A. G. Bassett; J. F. Ben son; E. Boyce; Bolling & H.; D. Plunkett; G. Parrott. MARINE INTELLIGENCE , ... Savannah, Jan. 16. Cleared —ship Vandalio, Soule, Liverpool. Arrived —Br bark Essequebo, Lament, Trinidad; Br brig Isis, Dickson, Demarara; brig Augusta, Sherwood,New York; steamboats Despatci, Gull martin, Augusta ; John Randolph, Lyon. Went to sea —Br ship Chas. Humberson, Mar shall, Liverpool; ship Berwick, Harding, Liver pool. -j*. Charleston, Jan. 17. Arrived yesterday —C L brig Emily, Sherwood, New York Cleared —Schr Virgini Antoinette, Place, West , In lies; schooner United States. Halwerson, Jack sonvil'e. Went to sea yesterday—Brig Commerce, Read, Boston ; brig Smithfield, Wakefield, Providence, &P W. G. SIMMO, General ‘ ommission Mer chant, office on Mclntosh street, rext door to the Constitutionalist. nov 7 (TJ’ Doctor J. J. WILSON offers his profes sional services to the citizens of Augusta and its vicinity'. He will be found at his residence, the first brick building above Guedron’s stable on Ellis street, recently occupied by John L. Adams. all g 17 ts CT Dr. W. FLlNT olfcrs his services to the ci tizens of Augusta in the different brandies of his profession. He may be found at all hours at the late residence of Mr. A. M. Egerton, second dooi from the corner of Mclntosh and Reynold streets, nc v 29 i y QiC.M. CURTIS, House, Sign and Ornamen tal Fainter, 187 Broad street.—S ign and ornamcn tal work done at short notice. doc 5 (Tj 3 EXCHANGE ON NEW YOHK—Xt sight, and at one to tw ty days sight. For sale by nov 2-* GARDELLK & RHIND. (Jj Dr. H. HARRIS offers his services in the practice of his profession to the citizens of Augus ta and its vicinity. Mes-ages will receive prompt attention if left at his drug store in Broad street, or at his residence in Ellis street, below Washing ton - nov 7 Cy S. M. SUA WIRE, A H TIST, has opened his Rooms at the Masonic Hall. 2d story, where he will be happy to receive orders for Miniatures.—Correct likenesses will be warranted, dec 28 trwlm* (ZTA. IVERSEN is now prepared to resume his professional duties as a Teacher of Music. Or ders left at T. H. Plant’s book store, or at Mrs. Campfield’s boarding house, will be promptly at tended tu. u o v 26 Zj’PUBLIC NOTICE. —Dr. Munboe, Surgeon Dentist, has returned to Augusta. dec 9 C J'TO THE LOVERS OFTHE The Paintings at Mr. Richards’ Drawing Academy, (Masonic Hall,) will hereafter be opened to visi tors, every Saturday afternoon and evening, from 2 o’clock until 9 oc.ock p. it. At night the rooms will be well lighted. dec 19 (ZyA CARD. —Mr. Richards,Teacherof Draw ing and Painting, wi 1 resume his professional du ties in Augusta at an early day. n ov 7 lU’ NOTICE.— The Rail Road Passenger Train between Charleston and Hamburg, will leave as follows: UPWARD. Not to leave Charleston before 7 00a h. * “ “ Summerville, “ - -8 30 “ “ Georges’ - “ - 10 00 “ “ Branch ville, “ - 11 00 “ “ Midway, - “ - II 30 m * “ Blackville, - “ - 100 .m. “ “ Aiken, - - “ • 300 Arrive at Hamburg not before . 400 DOWNWARD. Not to leave Hamburg before 6 00 a.m. “ “ Aiken, - “ . . 730 " “ “ Blackville, “ - . 930 “ “ Midway, “ - -10 30 / “ “ Branch vill “ . . 11 00 “ “ Georges’, “ - - 12 00 m. ‘ “ Summerville, 11 - - 2 OOp. m. Arrive at Charleston not before 300 Distance —130 miles. KareThrough—Jlo 00. Speed not over 20 miles an hour. To remain 20 minutes each, for breakfast and dinner, and not longer than 5 minutes for wo - ’ and water at any station. J To stop f6r passengers, when a white flag is hoisted, at either of the above stations; and also at Sincaths, Woodstock, Inabinet’s, 41 mile T. ()., Rives’, Grahams, Willeston, Windsor, Johnsons’ and Marsh’s T. O. Passengers uo will breakfast at Woodstock and dine at Blackville; aown, will breaalast at Aiken and dine at Summervihe. may 21 Georgia Insurance & Trust Companv.J Augusta,January 6.1840. HOLDERS of new stock are required to make \ their payments equal to sixty dollars ;«• r f share on or before the 21st of February next. « itli interest to that day, under penalty of forfeiture, jan 7 td WM. T. GOULD, Ser’y,