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From ike National Intelligencer. j
CAPTAIN FREMONT’S Ri PORT.
We have here a document oi more Ilian six
hundred pages, containing the “ Report of the
Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains j
in ihe year 18-I—, and to Oregon and Norih Cali* :
fornia in the years 1843 -’4l, by Bievct Captain .;
J. G. Fremont, of ihe Topographical Er.igi- j
neers ” printed ht r order o 1 the Senate of tne j
i
United Slates.
“ if 1 know thyself 1 be regarded as a good max
im in moral and intellcciual philosophy, then,
by a parity of reason, ‘ hunr Ihy oven country' is
an equally good one in geographical sense. In
this point of view we regard the report of Cap
tain Fremont’s Exploring Expedition to the
Rocky Mountains, to Oregon, and to North
California, as ot much more value to us Ame
rican citizens than ihe more bulky and showy
narratives of exploring expeditions even to the
1 ends of the earth.’ We have no wish lo de
precia'e the latter. A- citizens of flic world,
and rejoicing in the spread oi information and
the increase of knowledge, we hail the hardy
son of toil and travel, and the adventurous na
vigator of the pathless d.-op, as benefactors cl
their species, let them bring us information
from whatever shore, or concerning whatever
branch of the wide spread human family they
mav. Rut in the circle of soci d affections and
interests, cur own country has higher claims
unon ns than any other; and if is therelbre that
we feel, as wc have stated, a deeper interest in
the publication before ns.
Captain Fremont has already made two ex
peditions to the western portion ofni.tr continent.
“ The first terminated at the Rockv Mountains,
and at the two point* of the gre-ie--t interest in
that ridge, nam -ly, (he South Pass and Fee
»i*<>nt’s Peak; tlwlormer being tin;* lowest de
pression “I the nvuinmins, through whidi the
road to Oregon now passes; and the latter the
highest elevation, from the base of which four
great rivers take their rise and flow in opposiin
directions towards the rising and the setting son.
The second exnedi'ion, af-er approaching the
mountains hv a diff.-rerd route, connects with
the li r *- ! expedition at the South P s«, and
thence finds the great theatre of its labors west
ot the R*»ckv Mountains and between ihe Ore
gon river and North California. The third ex
pedition, now commencing, will be directed to
Urn seel ion of the Rockv Mountains which
gives ri c e 'o the Arkansas the Rio Gr a nde del
None, and the Rio Colorado of Calif-rnia, and
wi’l extend west and southwest of f at spot ion,
so as tn exa nine the country towards the Pari,
fie ocean, ascertain the lines of communication
between the mountains and the ocean in that
latitude, and complete the examination of the
Great Salt Lake and of the interesting region
which embosoms it.”
“ Respecting the large and valuable map
which accompanies this report, Captain Fre
mont savs: ‘This may have a meager and ske
ieion appearance to the general eye, but is ex
pected to he more valuable to science on that
account, being wholly founded upon positive
data and actual observations in the fi°!d. A
boul ten thousand miles of actual travelling and
traversing in the wilderness which lies between
the frontiers of Missouri and the shores of the
Pacific, almost every camping Mai ion being
the scene astronomical r barometrical observa
tions, furnish the materials out of which this
irap has been constructed. Nothing supposi
tions has been admitted U'mn if.’ The profile
maps ( showing the elevations, or the rise and
fall of the country from the Mississippi to the
Pacific, are perhaps the most extended work oi
the kind ever constructed.’ exbilrling in all
about four thousand miles of profile mapniug,
found upon four hundred barometrical positions,
with views sketched and lads noted jn the field.”
Captain Fremont, in the following extract
from the preface to his report, speaks with much
modesty oi his contributions to geological and
botanical science; hut we have reason to be
lieve tuat rot only these, hut also the astronomi
cal observations, and the sketches of the topo
graphical features of the country, and the ba
rometrical and meteorological observations, are
regarded as very valuable by men well versed
in the respective sciences, and most competent
to judge:
In the departments of geological and botani
cal science, I have not ventured to advance
any opinions on ruv own imperfect knowledge
of those branches, but have submitted ail my
specimens to the enlightened judgment of Dr.
Torrey, of New Jersey, and D-. Ball, of New
York, who have kindly classified and arranged
ail that f was able to submit to them. The bo- j
tan leal observations of Dr. Torrey will be fur- j
nished in full hereafter, there not being lime to I
complete them now. The remarks of Dr. Hall, ;
on th* geological specimens furnished to him,
will Le found in an appendix to the report; and
to his palaeontological skill I am indebted
tor the discovery of an oolitic formation in the
region west of the Rocky Mountains, which j
>nnherexa mination may prove to assimilaie i
the geology of the new to that of the old world
in a iare particular, which had not before been
discovered in either of the two Americas. Un
happily, much of what we had collected was
lost bv accidents of serious import to ourselves
as weti as to our animals and collections. In
the gorges and riages of the Sierra Nevada of
the Afin Calitoinia, we lost fourteen homeland
mules, falling from rocks vor precipices into
chasms or rivers, bottomless % ns and in them
and one of them loaded with i-'fifes of plants col
lected on a line of two thorn and miles o! travel;
and when almost home, nut-camp on the banks
of the Kansas was deluged bv the great flood
which, lower down spread tenor and desolation
on the borders of the Missouri and Mfesissipoi,
and hv which great, damage was done to our re
maining perishable specimens, all wet and satu
rated with water, and which »e had no time to
dry Still, what issaved will he some respecta
ble contribution to botanical science, thanks to
the skill and care of Dr. Torrey; and both in
geology and botany the maps will be of great
value, the profile view showing the elevation*
at which the specimens were found, and the
geographical qi 3 p showing the localities from
which they come,
“The astronomical observations, taken with
£°°d instruments, have been tested where they (
were most important, by threefold compulation; |
one by Professor Walker, of Philadelphia, i
whose astronomical reputation is so great; an- ■,
o her by Mr. Joseph C. Hubbard, a promising j
young mathematician from Connecticut, the
third by mysc-lt, so that the latitudes and longi
tudes may well oe relied upon.
“In sketching the topographical features of
the country, a branch of science in which lie
had been professionally educated, Mr. Charles
Preusshad been my assistant in both expedi
tions; and to his extraordinary skill, supported
by the pleasure he felt in the execution of his
duties, I am indebted for the continuous topo
graphical sketches of the regions through
which we pas-ed, and which were never inter
rupted by any extremity of fatigue or privation,
“ The barometrical and meteorological obser
vations were carefully made with good instru
ments. and admit of no material error beyond ;
i the minute deviations inseparable from such ,
! operations. _ |
| “The third expedition, now commenced, is |
| undertaken with morearaple meansthan the two j
former; and being directed to a region so inte- ;
I resting, in itself, and so new to science, can
i hardly fail to requite the enter rise which ex-,
plores it.
“ The report, or narrative of this extended ex- j
j pedition, like the maps which illustrate it, will j
j lie strictly confined to what was seen, and to ;
I what is necessary to show the face and cha- |
! recter of the country, and to add something to j
j science while fulfilling the instructions of the j
I Government, which chiefly contemplated a mili
. tary topographical survey. A greater degree
j of popular interest might have been imparted to
I it by admitting a greater degree of detail, but it
j was deemed best lo adhere lo the rigorous cha
! racier of a report, and to present nothing, either
I in the narrative or in the maps, which was not
| the result of positive observation.”
This last paragraph gives a peculiar interest
to Capt'in Fremont’s narrative, and we wish
that our modern book-makers would, one and
all, prescribe to themselves and be governed by
so just and conscious a course of proceeding.
Capt. Fremont departed from the trading
house of Mr. Cvpnan Chouteau, which is situ
ated near the mouth of the Kansas river, and
about four hundred miles above St. Louis, on
the fOiii of June, 1842. His company consisted
nf Mr. Charles Preuss, a native of Germany, as
his assistant in the topographical part of the
survey; L. Maxwell, of Kaska«kia, engaged as
hunter; Christopher Carson, the gui ! e; and
t wen tv-one men, principally Creole and Cara
dian voya.gcurs, who had become familiar with
prairie life in the service of the lur companies
in the Indian country. In ad Mtioo to these, he
was accompanied “by Henry Bract, son of
Col. J B. Brant, of St, Louis, a voting man of
nineteen years of age; and Randolph, a lively
boy of twelve, son of the Hon. Thoma- H. Ben
ton. for the development of mind and body
which such an expedition would give.”
On the 18*h July, “ whilst halting for dinner
after a march of about thirteen miles, on the
banks of one nf the many little tributaries to
•he Kansas, which look like trenches in the
prairie, and are usually well timbered,” Gant.
Fremont “rode off some miles to the left, at
tracted by the appearance of a cluster of huts
near the mouth of the Vermillion, It was a
'arve but deserted Kansas village, scattered in
an open wood, along the margin of the stream,
on a spot chosen, with the cuslornarv Indian fond
ness for beauty of scenery .” We make this
short extract because we are glad to add the
testimony of so good an authority as Capt
Fre ont in proof of this pleasing trait of the
Indian character. This love of nature and ot
natural things appears lo be a predominating
feature of Cant. Fremont’s character, and if
fitted him in a peculiar manner for his enter
prise. He had to traverse an immense country
where the foot of civilized man had as yet scar
cely trod, and where the rich stores of Nature,
in the mineral, the vegetable, and the animal
world, presented much that had yet never been
looked upon bv the eve of science. How ne
cessary was if, therefore, that he should pos
sess not only thefeelingand taste which prompt
ed to continued observation of what was around
him, but also the judgment which could esti
mate, and the science which could describe,
the novelties which he met with. We think
that he combined these requisites in a very
'are degree. To these qualities he added a
perseverance which no difficulties could weary,
a courage which no danger could appal, and a
hardiness of frame which excess of toil, depri
vation of food and rest, and exposure of every
kind, coulu not subdue.
On t.he2orh of June he says:
ts “ Along our route the amerpha has been in
very abundant hut variable bloom—in some
places bending beneath the weight of purple
clusters; in others without a flower. It seems
to love best the sunny slopes, with a dark soil
and southern exposure. Every where the rose
is met with, and reminds us of cu.livated gar
dens and civilization. It is scattered over the
prairies in small bouquets, and, when glitter
ing in ihe dews, and waving in the pleasam
breeze of theearlv morning, is the most beauti
ful of the prairie flowers. The artemisin, ahysin
ilm, or prairie sage, as it is variously called, is
increasing in size, and glitters like silver as ihe
southern breeze turns up its leaves lo the sun.
All these plants have their insect inhabitants,
variously colored ; taking generally the hue of
the flower on which they live. The artemisin
has its small fly accompanying it through
every change of elevation and latitude; and,
wherever 1 have seen the asclepias tvhrrosa. I
■ have always remarked, too, on the flower a
j large huMmfly, so nearly resembling it in color
i as to he distinguishable at a little distance only
j by the motion of its wings.”
On the 22:1, when halting at Wyeth’s Creek,
he met with a very unexpected mark of civiliza
tion, in the appearance “id a pack of cards,
| lying loose on the grass, marking an encamp
ment of our Oregon emigrants.”
The first, meeting with Indians and with
buffalo are noticed in the following very gra
phic paragraphs:
“At our evening camp, (fafre 38) about
sunset, three figures ucre discovered approach
ing, which our glasses made out to be Indians.
Tney proved to lie. Cheyennes— two men, and
a boy of thirteen. About a month since, they
tiarl left their people on the south fork of the
river,some, three hunbred miles to the westward,
anr * ® P :uf y of only four in number had been to
foe I awnec villages on a horse stealing excur-
Sinn ; which they were returning unsuc
cr:;VV- ’ were miserably mounted on
wild horses from ihe Arkansas plains, and bad
no other weapons than bows and long speats;
and, had they been discovered by the Pawnees
eon Id not, by any possihiHiy | have escaped
They were mortified by their m succes ; aD(I
said the Pawnees were cowards, who shut up
'lieir horses in their lodges ai night. I invited
'hem to supper with me, and Randolph and the
voting Cheyenne, who had been eyeing each
other suspiciously H'd curiously, soon became
intimate friends. After suppe.” we sat down
upon the grass, and 1 placed a sheet of paper
between us, on which they traced rudely, but |
with a certain degree of relative truth, the
water-courses ol the country which lay between
U s and their villages, and of which I desired
to have some information. Their companions,
thev told us, had taken a nearer route over the
hills; but thev had mounted one ol the summits
to spv out the country, whence they had caught
a glimpse ol our party, and, confident of good
treatment at the hands of the whites, hastened
to join company.”
“ The air was keen the next morning at sun
rise, the thermometer standing at 44 degrees,
and it was sufficiently cold to make overcoats
very comfortable. A lew miles brought us into
Hie midst of the buffalo, swarming in immense
numbers over the plains, where they had left
| scarcely a blade ot grass standing. Mr. Pruess,
I who was sketching at a little distance in the
I rear, had at first noted them as large groves of!
i timber. In the sight of such a mass of life, the
I traveller feels a strange emotion or grandeur,
i We bad heard from a distance a dull and con
' fused murmuring, and when we came in view
> of their dark masses, there was notone among:
'us who did not feel his heart beat quicker, it |
was the early part of the day, when the herds \
■ are feeding, and every where they were in rno
j tion. Here and there a huge old bull was roll -
j jng in the grass, and clouds of dust rose in the
I air from various pans of the bands, each the
i scene of some obstinate fight. 'ndians and
| buffalo make the poetry and life ol the prairie,
| and our camp was (nil of their exhHation. In
| j-»tace of the quiet monotony of the march, re
j lieved onlv by the cracking of the whip, and an
‘advnnce done! rvfant de sarce f shouts and
songs resounded from every part of the line,
! and our evening camp was a!wavs the com
mencement of a feast, which terminated only
with our departure on (he following morning.
At anv time of the night might be seen pieces of
the most delicate and choicest meat roasting
en appolos on sticks around the fire, and the
guard were never without company. With
pleasant weather and no enemy to fear, an
abundance of the most excellent meat, and no
scarcity, ot bread or tobacco, they were enjoy
ing the oasis of a voy a gear’s lite.”
“ As we were ri Mug slowly along this after
noon, (.Tu'y 4.) clouds of dust in the ravines,
among the hills to the right, suddenly attracted
our attention, and in a few minutes column
after column of buffalo came galloping down,
making directly to the river. Bv the lime the
leading herds had reached the water the prairie
was darkened with the dense, masses. Imme
diately before ns, when the bands first came
down into the valley, stretch d an unbroken
Hue, the head of which was lost among the
river hills on the opposite side; and still they
poured down from the ridge on our right.
From hill to hill, the prairie bottom was cer
tainly not less than two miles wide; and. allow
ing the animals to he ten feet apart and only ten
in a lire, there were already eleven thousand
in view. Some idea tray thus be formed of
their number when they had occupied the
who’e plain. In a short time they surrounded
us on every side, extending for several miles in
'he rear, and forward as far as she eve could
teach; leaving around us, as we advanced, an
open space of only two or three hundred yards.
This movement of the buffalo indicated to us
the rre'-ence ot Indians on the North fork.
“I halted earlier than usual about lortv miles
from the junction, and all hands were soon
busily engaged in preparing a (east to celebrate
the day. The kindness of car friends at Si.
Louis had provided us with a large supply of
excellent preserves and rich frui cake; and
when these were added to a m'ccamni soup and
variously prepared dishes ol the choicest buffa
lo meal, crowned with a cup of coffee, and en
joyed with prairie appetite, we felt, as we sat
in barbai ieluxury around our smoking supper
on trie grass, a greater sensation ot enjoyment
than the Roman epicure at his perfumed (east.
But, most of all, it seemed to please our Indian
friends, who, in the unrestrained enjoyment of
the mnme t, demanded to know if our ‘medi
cine clays came often.’ No restraint was exer
cised at the hospitable board, and, to the great
delight of his el 'ers, our voting Indian had
made him-elf extremely drunk ”
“On the 6'h we crossed the bed of a consider
able stream, now entirely dry—a bed of sand
In a grove of willows, near the mouth, were
the remains of a considerable fort, constructed
of trunks of large trees, ft was apparently
very old, and had probably been the scene of
some hostile encounter among the roving tribes.
Its solitude formed an impressive contrast to
the picture which our imaginations involun
tarily drew of the busy scene which had been
enacted h°re The timber appeared to have
been much more extensive formerly than now
There were hut few trees, a kind of long-leaved
willow, standing; and numerous trunks ol
large trees were scattered about on the ground.
In many similar places I had occasion to re
mark an apparent progressive decay in the
timber.”
It is an important inquiry to what this decay
of timber is owing, and whether it exists gene
rally in this region'? Too many accurate ob
servations cannot be made, or too many facts
recorded, as to its extent and the accompanying
circumstances.
Compost for Wheat —For every acre of
clavev ground which you intend to put in wheat,
prepare enough com post, as follows, to allow a
dressing of ten double horse cart loads, say of
40 bushels each.
Take 10 loads of loam from the woods, or
the same quantity of rich mould, or well rotted
manure, 1 busnel of salt, 10 bushels of char
coal. 1 bushel of plaster. 10 bushels of ground
bones. 10 hushris of lime, add 10 bushels of ash
es. Let these he we l ! incorporated logethcr;
after le’ting the whole remain a few days, tmu
over the muse, and, as mixe ! together, add twen
ty gallons of urine to each fen loads; taking
rare to sprinkle plaster over it as (he operation
is being performed A eompost thus formed,
will comprispa!) the constituent elements which
the wheat needs, either for the formation of the
strawor berry, and will prove to be the means of
greatly increasing the qvantify and quality of
the product of the latter, while if will also tend
to maintain fertility in the soil for several years,
and thus augment the yield of subsequent crops,
whether they be grass or grain. The above
would be an admirable mixture also lor a corn
crop.— American Former.
The Postmaster General has ordered the
Postmasters at New Orleans and Mobile to
make up and transmit mails from those cities
to Galveston and Corpus Christ!, in Texas, by
the steamboats and other vessels in the service
of the u. g Government, as often as the boats
or vessels shall perform trips to said places. —
Return mails are to he made from Galveston,
Corpus Christ! and other places in the Texan
Territory,
Tiie Great Britain Outdone —The im
mense steamboat Oregon, recently launched at
Ne w Ywrk, has been finished, and will shortly
he placed on the route between New York and
Providence. Her length is three hundred and
forty (eel—ten feet longer than the steamship
Great Britain. It is said there will be a trial
of speed between these two huge vessels on the
30ili instant.
The receipts from visiters to the mammoth
steamer Great Britain, since she was opened to
the public for inspection, have been six thou
sand dollars and upwards. Thirty-five pas
sengers had entered their names on Wed ties
day (or her return trip to Liverpool, and the
list was expected lobe increased before the day,
when she was to depart.
On Wednesday efternoon, Capt. Hosken,
gave an entertainment on hoard, to a very large
o mpany of meichants and others.
n
i£t)romcle cmh Sentinel.
A UGUSTt, G \ .
TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 2. I
post governor:
GEORGE W. CRAW FOR S>.
The River was rising gradually all day yes
terday, with a flattering prospect of being a
navigable river to-day.
Capt. Fremont’s Report. —ln this morn- j
ing’s paper, we commence the publication of a ,
notice, with copious extracts, of this very inte- j
resting report.
“This narrative of dangers encountered, of ;
toils and sufferings endured, ol difficulties met ■
i and overcome, (says a cotemporary) possesses
: extraordinary interest and gives indications on
every page o! a spirit of enterprise, fortitude
and indomitable perseverance on the part of
Cant. Fremont and his ga'lant little band,
which is honorable t» them and to the country.”
At this period, when every thing pertaining
to the “far West,” Oregon and California, is of
such exciting interest, we could not probably
present our readers with any thing more accep
table, or that would be so generally read. It
will he continued from day to day, as our limits
will permit, until completed.
Emory College. —The exercises of this in
stitution were resumed, we learn, on the IS’h
•lit., under very flattering auspices. The stu
dents number one hundred and eight, ot whom
over forty are members ot the Sophomore class,
and thirty of the Freshman.
Governor Wright, of the State of New York,
has issued a proclamation relating to the distur
bances in Delaware county, which it proclaims
and declares to be in a s'atc of insurrection.
The proceedings of the Anti-renters are stated
with so much force as to convince every candid
mind that no other alternative was left for the
Governor in the discharge ol his duty.
“ We do not doubt,” says the Albany Argus,
“that vigorous acts will follow this proclama
tion. Adjutant General Farrington proceeded
on Tuesday afternoon, in the steamboat, via.
Catskill, to Delhi, and will sec personally that
its requirements are promptly carried out.”
From Ike X. O. q« picayune, 27 1 k ult.
Latest from Texas.
The steamer Undine arrived here yesterday
morning, bringing us Galveston papers to the
23 I inst. The following communication from
Capt Grice embraces the latest news from Cor
pus Christi, with a narration of anything of in
terest which occure.i on the voyage. It will
he seen that up to the time when the Undine
left Corpus Christ! there was nothing there of
war but the rumors.
On Board Steamer Undine, i
Ascending Mississippi River , Aup 2f>. Mis, )
We left Corpus Christi on the 18 inst. AH
is quiet at the Unhed States encampment
Gen. Taylor had succeeded in rem oving ail the
troops of>he3dand 4th r-gi men's of Infanm
and a large proportion of the pu'dic stores to
Corpus Christi, where his head-quarters are at
present established. A breastwork o' earth has
been thrown up and nearly completed. A few
pieces of or dnance, procured in the town, were
brought into requisition. No certain informa
tion concerning the advance of the Mexican
had been received; but it was rumored that
Arista was assembling a large force at Mafa
moros and along the Rio Grande. The U. S.
Dragoons, under command of Col. Twi gs,
had crossed the Colorado, and were on their
march io Corpus Christi —all well. A com
pany of Mexican traders were expected in the
next dav. The loc tion of the encampment is
salubrious and pleasant, being immediately no
on the beach of the bay, and open to the sea
breeze. The health of the camp was good.
We left Aransas Bay at 6 o’clock, on the
evening of the 2lst. The schooner Florida,
with coal, &c., irorn New Orleans, had just ar
rived; schooner Rosella, Shipman, was pre
paring for sea, to Lave in a lew days; steamer
Monmouth repairing at St. Joseph’s Island.
The wreck ot the schooner Swallow, on Aran
sas bar, bad been stripped of her masts, sails
rigging, &c., and some of her cargo saved. A
sale was to take place on the 22 l inst.
We arrived at Galveston on the 23d inst,.
replenished wood and water, and left at noon
on the 24'h The steamship John S. MdCim
was in port, and advertised to leave at 3 o’clock
that afternoon. The ship Constellation, Capt.
Jackson, and the brig Reaper, Capt. Bretton,
were also in port—the former loading foi
Genoa, to sail in five days.
T! e Galveston News states that the Mexican
armyat Matarnoros is said to be 8,000 strong,
and are engaged in fortifying that city. Per
contra the Civilian declares from the best infor
mation, the number of troops at Matarnoros
does not exceed 1,500 —that they are badlv sup
ported, and not more efficient than Mexican
soldiers nsna’ly are.
The accounts from the Convention are mea
gre and unsatisfactory. Nothing further had
been done relative to the project of attempting
to establish a Provisional Government and an
nulling the piesent Constitution, prior to the
completion of the Constitution of the State
The plan had been strongly opposed by Messrs.
Henderson, Van Z ndf, and other leading
members, and discountenanced by Major Don
elson
The following resolutions, introduced by
Gov. Runnels, were adopted by the Convention
on the 29th ult;
“ Resolved, That the Committee on the Gen
eral Provisions of the Constitution he instructed
to enquire into the expediency and propriety of
ineorporating in the Constitution, the following
provision.
SLAVES.
Ist, T“e Legislature shall have no power to
pass laws (or the emancipation of slaves, with
out the consent of their owners, or without pay
ing their owners previo"stn such emancipation,
a full equivalent for the slaves so emancipated.
They shall have no power to prevent immi
grants to this State from bringing with them i
such persons as are deemed slaves by the laws i
of any one of the* United States, so long as any ,
person of the same age and description shall he -
continued in slavery hy the laws of this Slate; •
provided that sueh person or slave he the bona \
fide property of such immigrants; and provided
aho, that laws mav h>* passed to prohibit the j
introduction into this Slate of slaves who have i
committed high crimes in either States or Terri- <
lories. Thev shall have full power to oblige
the owners of slaves to treat them with human- j
itv, to provide for them necessary food and i
clothing ,to abstain from all cruelties to them; t
and in rase of their neglect or refusal to comply |
with the requisitions of such laws, to provide, c
bv law, for the salpnf sueh slave or slaves, tut (
the hruipfji of the owner or owners. ;
2d, In the prosecution of slaves for crimes of r
highpr grade than vcht la r centf, the legislature (
shall h.avp no power to deprive them ol an im- t
partial trial by a netit jury. f
31. Any person who shall maliciously dis- v
member or deprive a slave of life shall suffer ]
such "unishment as would be i flirted in case «
'he like offence had been committed on a free s
white pprs m, and on the like proof, except in r
•asp of insurrection of such slave.” c
One of the provisions passed uy the Conven- t
tion prohibits the creation, renewal or extension t
of any corporate body with banking or discount- j
ing power. Another section prohibits the Le- j
gislatnre from contracting debts above SIOO,OOO,
except in case of war, or to repel invasion or
insurrection.
The Convention was still in session, but it
was anticipated that their labors would close on
the 23d mst., Saturday last.
1 he Houston Telegraph ot the 20th contains
the letter of E. Allen, acting Secretary of Stale,
to the Hon. Ashhel Smith, informing him ol the
rejection by the Senate ol the preliminary pro
positions to negotiate a treaty with Mexico on j
the basis of the separate independence of the!
j Republic, and telling him, that 'under such cir- :
I cumsto.ntes n is unnecessary for him any longer ;
; to continue to discharge the duties of minister j
] to the European Governments.
! News of the at rival of the Dragoons, under
j the command of Col. Twiggs, at San Antonio, j
! had reached Galveston. They performed their
i march at the rate of twenty miles per day, and
' with very littlesiekness among heir number— i
450. They are expected to j in the army at •.
j Corpus ChrEli under Gen. Taylor.
A committee of the convention, to whom the
! subject was referred, state that the expenses of
j the new State Government for the first year will i
!he $44 500. They estimate the nett revenue lor j
| the yea rat §47,49225; and by raising the tax :
1 on land, which they suggest, from one tenth of
! one per cent, to one-fifh of one per cent, thus
equalling it with the specific tax, the" estimate!
that the yearly revenue will be §GS 452 52.
The Houston Telegraph of ;he2lst inst. says
that a nartv of about 70 Mexican soldiers ap
proached within 10 miles of Castroville, about
a fortnight ago. Capt. Hays received inform?.- j
(ion of their movements, and went out to attack ;
the ; but they were apprised of his approach !
by one oftheir spies.and hastily decamped. It is
snnpnsed that they intended to attack Castro
ville for the purpose of capturing a quantity of
goods that had been deposited there by some
Mexican traders. The traders reported that
they were under the command ola man by the
name of Plafinn; that llj p y belonged to a de
tachment of Darfradores, that has recently been
stationed at the I’resideo.
Elevation of AgHcuUurc as a Pursuit and
a Profession.
The pursuit of agriculture is almost univer
sally considered as merely a profession of com
merce or trade, the farmer looking wholly to its
pecuniary results. In a trading community
recuniary considerations are always liable t->
control the judgment and predominate ove r
every other consideration. Where the means
are limited, and the farm iriti't be cultivated as
the only source of subsistence, pecuniary re
turns must, of course, he the main obj pp t
Where, as in England, the cultivator is not the
owner of the soil, hut an annual rent must be
paid, and be is liable, as in most cases, to be
compelled to quit his occupancy at the pleasure
nr the canrice of his landlord, farming must he
conducted merely as a tna'fer of business, sne
'here is no inducement to pursue the profession
as a matter of taste or sentiment. In many
cases in my own country, it must, of necessity,
he followed wholly as a means of support and
of profit, and in some cases ns a struggle for life
But there are innumerab'e other cases, in
v hich men have the power, under the most fa
vorable cir p uinstances, and 1 am most anxious
they should have likewise the disposition to de
vote themselves to it as an elegant and liberal
profession, worthy of a mind gifted even with
the finest tasie, and enriched by the highest cul
tivation. The United Slates present not many
evamples of very great wealth at least when es
timated by t' e standard of wealth which pre
vails in England, where, indeed, are to be found
individual accumulations which distance all
the dreams of oriental magnificence. But, on
the other hand, no country upon the globe, and
no condition of things since ihe establishment
of society, ever presented more favorable op
portunities than the Unhed States for any one,
by active and wholesome industry and a proper
frugality, to acquire a competence, and that re
spectable independence, in which, with a full
supply for the necessities of life, and an abun
dant provision for its comforts, there will he
found within reach as many of the elegancies,
and ornaments, and luxuries of Hie. as a well
disciplined and healthful state of mind can re
quire. 1 have seen too frequently such beauti
ful examples in our country villages, and scat
»ered over several parts of a land in many re-1
seeds favored by Heaven above every other, j
noi to he deeply impressed with a condition of '
life which, where its blessings are properly and
gratefully appreciated, seems to leave little;
more on earth for a rational and reflecting, a
benevolent and truly religious mind, to ask.
Happy is h where its waters are not poisoned
hy an insatiate avarice, nor disturbed and
thrown into confusion hy ambition of p di'ica!
slice or distinction, or a feverish thirst for no
toriety and excitement; hut in a quid, yd not
dagnant rennse. they reflect everywhere the to
kens of that divine goodness, which seems in
stmti examples to have non red out its richest j
eanhly treasures. Now, lam anxious that ag- j
riculture should occupy that place among the j
liberal professions to which ii can he raised, and j
r o which, from its importance, it is entitled.
Rut this ran only he done hy improving the edu
cation ol farmers as a class—by multiplying, i
through the means of a most liberal and extend- I
p d education, the charms of the country, and the i
subjects of interest which would be constantly
more and more developed to a cultivated and
inquisitive mind; and by showing that its suc
cessful pursuit, either as a matter of business
or recreation, where a moderate fortune is pos
sessed or a moderate professional income is se
cured, is not incompatible with the highest im
provement of taste, and even a vigorous and
successful pursuit of learning; and that, where
so pursued, under favorable circumstances, it
affords as fair a chance of rational enjoyment
and quiet usefulness, as any situation which the
most lucrative trade, or the most successful po
litical ambition, or even the highest professional
eminence, can command.
But 1 fear, how mucti soever I may satisfy
the sober and reflecting minds on this point, my
opinions and persuasions will scarcely he heard,
and far less heeded, in that rush for wealth, for
office, and for notoriety, which, like a torrent
sweeping over the country, carries every mov
able object in its course. It seems, however,:
not less my duty to record mv strong convic-l
lions, which the experience of a life not short!
has served only to confirm. I see in my own I
country, every where proffered in an honest in-!
dustrv, a wise frugality, and a wholesome self- j
government, the most ample rewards; 1 see a. |
wide extent of rich and beautiful territory wait- !
ing the improving hand ot skill and labor, to be i
had in many cases almost for asking, with eve
ry man free to choose where he wifi pitch his
teni, not only without injury, but to the ndvan
tnnge of his neighbor: I see 'he means of edu
cation, of competence, and of substantial inde
pendence, held out to all who will avail them
selves of them, In the midst of all this, I see
thousands and thousands of voting men, blest ,
wi'h education and fortunes adequate to supply '
all reasonable wants in the country, rushing in- 1
to cities, exhausting their small means in the ]
extravagancies and dissipations of fashionable
life; crowding all the professions to repletion ; '
pressing on, with vexation and disappointment ‘
heaped upon vexation and disappointment, in- 1
to all the avenues of poli'ieal office and disfinc- '
lion, and into all the bi'ter strifes of political p
controversy ; forcing their wav into the pursuits r
»f trade wi'hout talents (or their prosecution, f
anil almost sure to involve themselves in bank *
ruptov and ruin; and. in one form and another, \
dragging on through life without satisfaction to i
themselves and without usefulness to others, a
and 100 often a ruinous burden upon those 4
whom it is now th p lr turn to succor and relieve. 5
1 eannot, therefore, help wishing that the pur
suits of agriculture migh’ be made attractive to (
such persons; and that with education, and that ~
moderate fortune which would give them the 1]
command of the best advantages of rural life, !'
they might find in if, as far as rational happi
ness and humble usfulness are concerned, that gl
philosopher’s stone which in other places the •
are almost sure to search or in vain.— Colcmn J
Agricultural Tour, No. 3.
John Bruce, Esq., of Winchester, Va., reap
cd this season from a four acre lot in she vicini
ty of that to .vii uv > hundred an 1 ten b is'm|.,
Fall Barley, which he disposed 01 at 75 ceai
per bushel.
The steamer Massachusetts, at New Vurk
| on Tuesday from Stonington, had 765 p assen .
i gers.
j AUGUSTA FEMALi
I ter MRS. JAMESAOA.iI re**;.
fully informs her friends and the public t f, a , hp
! School for a limited number of young ladies will
be re-opened on Monday. September i«t
Hours ot tuition from 9 to 12, ami from 3 tn r
! o’clock. ‘ J
! Terma inade k nown on application at ffi e Se
; minary, No. 300 Broad street,
REFERENCES-
Kev. Edward E. Ford. D.D. •
E. A, Dugas M.D.;
H. C. Bryson, Esq,. and
5: I CH E w.F.sq q ’ a,iM-,^
iAXESIT AXi S! I—PA V UP.
•rr i WILL attend at the Market
nouse on Tuesday, the 2d instant, at the Eagle
; (fe Phoenix Hotel on Wednesday, the 3d instant
| at the United States Hotel on Thursday, the 4ffi
S l n f antl al Vv ; & J Wlson’s store on Friday, the
| oth instant, from 10 to U o’clock, to receive the
i Tax fur the present vear now due.
| sl R -A-WATKINS. Tax Collector.
| ATTENTION lOth REGIMENT, G Jf
Kr an ELECTION will be 1,4.!
on SA I URD W , tae 13th oi September next, at
the Cf T Y HALL, in this city, for a Colonel’ to
command the lOth lleg ; m p nt, G. M,. vice Co!
M. A. Stovall resigned. The polls will be opened
at 10 o’clock, A.M., and closed at 1 o’clock. P.M
By order of
Brigadier General GEO. W. SUMMERS.
SAMUEL C. WILSQX,
Captain Augusta Artillery Guards.
31. A. STOVALL,
Capt. Clinch Riflemen.
Augusta, Ga., August IS, 1345.
JOSEPH S. Wi N TE R £ Co.’s
EXCHANGE & COLLECTION OFFICE,
mhl3 lyis Montgomery. Aia.
O’ -590 VOLUMES NEW BOOKS and
Literary Trash, arrived at the Depot. More
gems of knowledge and genius gathered from
the winnowings of the press. The Lone Star,
a tale of Texas, 25 cents: The Dark Ladv of
Doona, by Maxwell, 25 cents; Philosophy of
Childbirth, 50 cents; A lie* Mannering, 125;
Eva Lahree, 124 ; Nevilles of Garretstown. 25 ;
Voting Bride’s Book, 124; Paul Redding of
the Revolution, 25 ; Viulina, 25; No. 6 Lard
ner’s L pp tures; No. 4 Consulate and Empire
under Napoleon, two editions, 12i and 25cts;
Harper’s Shalcspeare, No. 64 25 cents; Me
chanics’ Own Book, being instructions in the
mechanic arts, manufactures. &c.. 31.25. All
the magazines for September arrived, with beau,
tiful Paris Fashion Plates, and unusual novel
ties, 25 cents each. Punch’s Works, J2i Or
ders supplied as usual. S. A. HOLMES.
.UM? PIUHf^G.
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. PLAIN AND FANCY
Embracing
Business Cards, L aw Blanks.all kinds
Vis ting do. Warehouse do.
Circulars, Rill Heads.
Bank Checks, Receipts, in blank.
Hand Bills, large or Pamphlets,
smah. any color. i Labels. &c Ac &c.
EXPORTED WITH NEATNESS AND OESPAU H
j AT THIS OFFICE, and in a style not inferior to any
| establishment in the Southern States.
Law Blanks always on hand.
j rXTTHE AMERICAN REVIEW
a Whig Journal of Politics, Literature, Art and
Science —a Monthly Journal of one hundred nmi
twelve pages. Subscriptions received at ffie
office. 11
Agency.
MR. v. B.P authorised to act as
our agent for all business connected with 'his office m
the cities of New York. Philadelphia. Boston and Bal
timore. His office in New York is 160 Nassau-street,
Philadelphia, 59 Vine street; Baltimore, S. E corner
i of Baltimore and Cal vert-streets: Boston. 16 Stalest,
j Messrs. Mason & Tuttle, of New-1 ork.are also the
j agents of the Chronicle and Sentinel in the city rI
Npw-V ork
I Departure of the Atlantic S'earners.
From England. From Ammo*
! (heat Western.... Au£ 3 rept. h
: Grea' Bri ain Sept. 2o 9 C '
1 Great Western.. Oct. II A'ov.
Acadia "
Latest Dates. .
Liverpool
■ ro M IS KRff * <L. __
S POCK OF COTTON.
Comparative Statement of Cotton in Augusta and
Hamburg, September Ist, 1844, and l°4a.
1844-5. 1843-L
Slock on hand Sept 1 17,505 '-If?
Received from Sept. I to August 1 219.670 lf®- p g
“ from August 1 to -Sept. 1 1,5f»3
Total supply and receipts 235,123 201,®
SHIPMENTS.
.... o ;{H
To Savannah in August 000 "
I v,7 3.950
“ Cnarleston “ b *
“ Charleston <Sc Savannah previously.2-9.U9 b 1
T ' I shipments 23K399 UN -
STUCK ON HAND.
Stock in Augusta, Slept. 1 ....5,646 I-A
Hamburg, " 11
Total Stock on hand SfISS
RECEIPTS.
, *r>q ioc 201.339
Total supply and receipts
Deduct stock on hand Sept 1 ILalb jrj
Total receipts in Augusta A. Hamburg. ‘
it appears from the above statement that the ret
for the past season exceed those of the previous
son 26,651 bales.
Charleston. September
Yesterday dosed the commercial year, v n (hj .
account for the insertion of our ” rlc ® „„blici
morning instead of Saturday, its usual cay “the
li on. We have made up our annual u | d re
exports and stocks ol t otlon and Rice,
fer to ihe proper heads for the result u ltimo>
Cotton— We slated in our report ot a somC
that ihe market had been in a depro-sed s'at arljf | e ,
davs—theie was nol the least inquiry lor m „ t
and undei the pressure ol circumstances, u >urpsat
buyers at reduced rates, and we altered on , ran saC-
Ihe close of the week to correspond to tne a
lions. Throughout the 24th. and nn 'R r | a n“«o r i
days.the market'aeain exhibited a good dea ‘ jc ,J| a rly
and the quotations of the preceding weeK. P
fer Ihe lower descriptions, were with dmKi I[, a | fS
ed :on Friday and Sa ttrday however, some - CPS _
were sold, and holders realized their of 'h®
We would >efer to our quotations for the s |, a Vs,
market The receip's since our last re **~’* gopt) hajes
and in the same lime purchasers haye lake s if|,
as follows ;—II al G 28a' 6J, 29 at 6} - a p )jt 7.4,
Ft al 65. 165 at 61. 279 at 7. 160 at 7J-. 657 D- gP ,n«,
51 a. 75. lat 7f. and 109 hales al H. Os » * \ or J d ,he
20 hales are new. one of which was so a 5 tIPn r Pet
balance al lb. The receipts thus si hlc
lon are 69 hales. At this early pet |p “ 11 ,yield
to form an opinion with any accuracy J* • ; I nfn r,n ‘''
Ihe coming crop of ttpland. but * ro * l ? " hied. * large
lion we have been able 10 gather on _ ,)heC ol ' nn
increase is anticipated in certain sec 1 are vetv
■egion, while the accounts from other p * olins atta
•leomy, particularly in Georgia,,<Soutt