Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

G.ldO S IC LE& SK X TIN E L PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY AND WEEKLY TfclKMs. DAILY PAPER —Ten Dollars per anitum, payable ii advance. TRI WEEKLY PAPER —Five Dollars per annum, it advance., WEEKLY PAPER — (A mammoth sheet) Three Dollar. pei nnum, in advance; two copies one year 01 one copy two years for ®5 ; 10 copies one year foi Twenty Dollars. Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the pa per be attended to, unless accompanied with the mo ney ; and in every instance when the lime for whicr any subscription may be paid, expire.- belore the receip l of funds to renew the same, the paper will be discnnu lined. Depreciated funds received at value in tlnsci v RATES OF ADVERTISING —ln Daily Paper. . FiJ ty cent? per square (twelve lines or less) for the first m seruon, and Thirty eight rents lor each continuance, Adve.iisements ordered in sent, or tn-weekly. u.ll In Charged Fifty rents for each insertion once a week in dailv” Seventyfive cents. Monthly or semi-monthly in sections. One OMar each P ei square in both papers. In vVeekly Paper -Seventy-Jive cents per square foi the first, and Fifty rents fer each subsequent insertion The charge for announcing candidates for Of fice isBJ. to be pa d mvariab y in advance. jj=- Longer advertisements charged in proportion New advertisements appear in Daily and Tn-iVeekly From the National Infiligeiucr CAP rAI -V FREMONT’S REPORT.' [continued.] Af’.er suffering many privations and encoun tering great danger in an attempt to survey the river Platte, the party reached Laramie Fort on their return on the last day of August, and ar rived at St. Louis on ihe 17th September. Wc can find space for only two or ihree brief extracts from this homeward tour. Alter describing' the passage of their India-rubber boat over three cataracts, “ where perhaps one hundred feet of smooth water intervened,” the narrative pro ceeds : “ Finally, with a shout of pleasure at our success, we issued from oar tunnel into the open day beyond. We were so delighted with the perlormance of our boat, and so confident that we would not have hesitated to leap a 1.. 11 often feet with her. We put to shore for breakfast ai some willows on the right bank, immediately below the mouih of the canon; for it was now Bo’clock, and we had been working since day light, and were all wet, fatigued and hungiy. While the men were preparing breakfast I went out to reconnoitre. The view was very limited. The course of the river was smooth, so far as 1 could see; on both sides were broken hills, an i but a mile or two below was another high i idge. The rock at the mouth of the canon was still the decomposing graniie, with, great quaniities of mica, which made a very glittering sand. “ We re-embarked at nine o’clock, and in about twenty minutes reached the next canon Landing on a rockvshore at its commencement, we ascended the ridge to reconnoitre. Portage was out of the question. S . far as we could see, the jagged rocks pointed out the course of the canon, on a winding line of seven or eight miles. It was simply a d irk chasm in the rock; and here the perpendicular faces were much higher than in the previous pass, being at this end two to three hundred, and further (town, a we afterwards ascertained, five hundred feel in vertical height. Our previous success had made us bold, and we determined again to run the canon. Every thing was secured as firmly as possible; and we pushed into the stream. To save our chronometer from accident, Mi. Preass took it, and ailemptcd >o proceed along the shore on the masses of rock, which in places were piled up on either side ; hut after, he had walked about five minutes, every ihing like shore disappeared,and the vertical wall came squarelv down into the water. He therefore waited until we came up. An uA.y pass lay be fore us. We bad made fast to the stern of the boat a strong rope about fit y feet long; an;! three of the men clambered along am mg the rocks, and with this rope let her down slowlv through the pass, in several places high rocks lay scattered about in (he channel; and in the narrows it required all our strength and skill to avoi i staving the boat on the sharp points. It one of these the boat proved a little too broad, and stuck fast for an instant, while the watei flew over us; fortunately it was but lor an in stant, as our united strength forced her immedi ately through. The water swept overboard only a sextant arid a pair ol saddlebags. I caught the sextant as it passed by me, hm the saddlebags becam j the prey of the whirl pools. We reached the place where Mr. Preuss was standing, took him on board, and, with the aid of the boat, put the men with the rope on the succeeding pile of rocks. We found this passage much worse than tne previous one. and our position was rather a bad one. To go back was! possible; before us the cataract Was a sheet of foam ; and shut up in the chasm by the rocks, which in some places seemed almost to meet overhead.'he roar of the water was deaf ening. We pushed off again; but, alter making a litt e distance, the lorce ol the current became too great lor the men on sh ire, and two of them let go the rope Lajeunesse. the third man, bung on', and v as jeiked headforemost into the river from a rock about twelve feei high; and down the boat shot like an arrow. Basil follow ing us in the raoid current, and exeaing ai! his strength to keep in mid-channel—his head only seen occasionally like a black snot in the u bite foam. How far we went Ido not exactly know; but we succeeded in turning ihe boat into an eddv below. ‘ Cre I) leu’ said Basil Lqeunesse. as he arrived immediately after us, ‘Jtcrots bein que j'ni nase un derni mile.’ He had owed his hie to his skill as a swimmer ; and I deter mined to take him and the two others on board, and trust to skill and fortune to reach ihe o’her end in safety We placed ourselves on our knees, with the short paddles in our hands, the mos’ sktltul boatman was in the bow; and again we commenced our rapid descent. We cleared rock alter rock, and shot past all after fall, our little boat seaming to play with the cataract. We became flushed with success, and familiar with danger; and yielding to the excitement of the occasion, broke forth into a Cana dian boat song. Singing, or rather shouting, we dashed along; and were, I believe, in the midst of the chorus u hen the boat struck a con cealed rock immediately at the foot ot a fail, which whirled her over in an instant. Three of my men could not swim, and my first feeling was to assist them, and save sonic of our effects; bin a sharp concussion or two convinced me that I had not yet saved myself. A (<-w strokes brought me into an ed 'y, and I landed on a pile of rocks on the left side. Looking around, f saw that Mr. had gained the shore on the same side, about t wenty yards below, and a little climbing and swimming soon brought him to nr side On the opposite side, against the wall, lav ih» boat bottom up, and Lambert was in the act of savingDescoteaux, whom he had grasped by the hair, and who could not swim; lathe pas, said he, as I afterwards learned. lacka pas, chore fret c, e Cro.ins pas’ was the re ply, ‘ Jem’en va.ismounrava.nl que de Ie lather.’ Such was the reply of courage and generosity in this danger. Fora hund r ed yards below the current was covered with floating hooks and boxes, bales of blankets, and scattered articles ofclothing; art; so strong and boiling was the stream that even our heavy instruments, which were all in cases, kept on the surface, and the sextant, circle and the long black box of the telescope were in view at once. For a moment 1 felt somewhat disheartened. All our books almost every record of the journey, our journals and registers of astronomical and barometrical observations, had been lost in a moment Bio it was no time to i> d ilge in regrets, and I immediately set about endeavoring t< save something from th<* wreck. Making ourselves understood by signs, (for nothingcouh be heard in the roar of waters.) we commence;' ouroperations. Off every thing on hoard, the only article that had'been saved was mv double barrelled gun, which Descoteaux had caught, and clung to with drowning tenacity. The men continued down the river on the left bank Mr. Preuss and myself descended on the side L we were on; and Lajeunesse, with a paddle in his hand, jumped on” the boat alone, and con tinued down the canon. She was now light, and n beared every bad place with much less dtfficul n ty. In a short time he was joined by Lambert; and the search was continued lor about a mile rs and a hall, which was as far as the boat could ” proceed in the pass Here the walls were about >r five hundred (eel high, and the fragments of i- rocks from above had cl oked the river into a > hollow pass, hut one or two feet above the sur face. Through this and the interstices ol the rock the water found its way. Favored beyond (■ our expectations, all ot our registers had been , recovered, w ith the exception of one or two of [ my journals, which contained the notes and in 5. ctdents of travel and topographical descriptions, e an u mber of scattered astronomical obset vat ions, " principal 11 y meridian altitudes of the sun, and 1 our barometrical register west of Laramie For ,r innately, our other journalscontained duplicates ol the important barometrical observations ta i- ken in the mountains. These, with a few scat tered notes, were all that had been pteserved of i. our meteorological observations. In addition y- to these, we saved the circle; and these, with a * j lew b ankds, constituted every thing that had been incited from the waters, - “ The day was running rapidly away, and it was necessary to reach Goat Island, whither the p *rtv had preceded us, bes .re night. In this uncertain country the traveller is so much in the power of chance that we became some e what uneasy in regatd to them. Should any n thing have occurred, in the brief interval of our •. separation, to prevent our rejoining them, our situation would be rather a desperate one. We c had not a morsel of provisions—our arms and s ammunition were gone—and we were entirely e at the m< rev of anv straggling party of savages, and not a little in danger of starvation. We 0 therefore set out at once in two parties, Mr f Preuss and myself on the left, and the men on - the opposite side of the river. Climbing out ot the canon, we found ourselves in a very bro ken country, where we were no! yet able to r recognise anv local! y. In the course of our 1 desf-ent through the canon, the rock, which at e 'he upper end was of the decomposing granite, 1 changed into a varied sandstone formation. * The hills and points of the ridges were covered ' with fragments of a yellow sandstone, of which th« soata were sometimes displayed in the bro ke* mv nes whicte interrupted our course, and made our walk extremely fatiguing. At one ■ point of the canon the red argillaceous sand -1 stone rose in a wall of five hundred feet, snr : mounted by a stratum of white sandstone; and in an opposite ravine a column of red sand stone rose, in form like a sleeple, about one • hundred and fifty feel high. The scenery was ' extremely picturesque, and, not" ithMandingour ’ forlorn condition, we were frequently obliged to stop and admire it. Our progress w s not very 1 rapid. We had emerged from the water hall and, on arriving at the top of the preci •’ice, I found myself with only one moccasin. The fragments of rock male walking painful and I was frequently obliged to stop and pul. ’ out the thorns of the cad.vs, here the prevailing plant, atui with which a few minutes’ walk i covered the bnltorn of my teet From this ridge 1 the river emerged into a smiling prairie, and. ’ descending to the bank for water, we were joined by Benoist. The rest ol the party were 1 out of sight, ha ving taken a more inland rouie ! Wc crossed the river repeatedly sometimes ■ tblc to ford it, and sometimes swimming— climbed over the ridges of two snore canons, • and towards evening reached the cut, which we ■ here named the Hot Spring gate. On our pre : vious visit in July we had not entered this pass ■ reserving it for our descent in the boat; and, 1 when vve entered it this evening, Mr. Pruess was a few hundred feet in advance. Heated with tbp long march, he came suddenly upon a fine bold spring gushing from the ror-k, about ■ sen feet above the river. Eager to enjov the crystal water, he threw himself down fora hastv * draught, and to. 1c a mouthful ol water almost boiling hoL He said nothing to Benoist, wh<> laid himself down to drink ; but ihe steam from ; the water arrested his eagerness, and he escaped the hot draught. We had no thermometer to ’ ascertain the temperature, but 1 •-oul i hold mv hand in the water just long enough to count two • -crouds. There are eight or ten ol these i springs, discharging themselves by stream “ large enough to be called runs. A loud hollow ■ noise was heard from the rock which I supposed to be produced hv the fall of the water. The t strata immediately where they issue is a fine 1 white and calcareous sandstone, covered with * an incrustation of common salt ’ “ Lea ving this Thermopylae of the West, in a short walk vve reached the red ridge which 1 has been described as lying just above Goat j 'siand. Ascending this, we found some fres" : macks and a button, which showed that the • other men had already arrived. A shout from ! the man who first reached the top of the ridge, responded to from below, informed us that our 1 friends were all on the island; and we were - soon among them. We found some pieces of - buffalo standing around the fire for us, and managed to get some dry clothes among the 1 people. A sudden storm of rain drove us into i the best shelter we could find, where we slept soundly, after one of the most fatiguing days 1 * have ever experienced.” “On ;he morning of the 3d of September we ' bade adieu to our kind friends at the fort, and continued our homeward journey down the Platte, which was glorious with the autumnal ! splendor of innumerable flowers in full and ! brilliant bloom. On the warm sands, among : the htlia.nlhi, one of the characteristic plants, s we sawgreat numbers of rattlesnakes, of which I five or six were killed in the morning’s ride. - \\ e ceupied ourselves in improving our pre • vious survey of the river: and, as the weather 1 was fine, astronomical observations were gene r rally made at night and at noon.” j We must refer the botanical reader to Pro -1 lessor Torrey’s Catalogue of the Plants collec r ted hv Capt. Fremont. ■ This is, we are afraid, but a very meager ac l count of this interesting and valuable docu • ment. Our object has been to give such ex ’ tracts as were most likely to interest the general _ reader. The man of science and the statesman , i will turn to it tor more important objects than I amusement, and their reference to it will, we i think, be satisfactory. 3 Wo purpose giving a sketch of the Second Expedition in a subsequent paper. I I’ dugation or the Consgience. —Conscience ' becomes awakened by the notions of good and ‘ evil, of jusime and injustice. It is the first 1 faculty of the soul which appears in ns; it is powerful, but blind. He who deceives his con* J science may become a Hava iliac or a Murat. 1 Man is riot al ways innocent when his con j science absolves him; he is not always guilty when his conscience accuses him. Have a * care, young mother, now is the time; tree they reason in order to expand thy stuff lor it is 1 about to pass entirely into the soul ot the child. ' Ah! do not suffer any other thought titan thine own it) penetrate into that sanctuary. It is a question between vice and virtue—between the j 'V or re mors ot a whole life; thou engraves! 0 ''l’ oll brass. The earliest education is effected entirely ' n A’ 6 conscience, and the conscience f 13 °nly good when enlightened hv reason. A new paper, calle I “The Pilcetonian,” has ] just been issued at Piketon, Ohio, ff’he editor i« says of it; d “The P/Monian is edited and published by ' Samuel Pike, at PikcX on, Pike county, Ohio r tpon die tur npike which crosses the Scioto iver abounding with the most delicious fish ■ ’ ’ailed Pike; and that the court house j n the 1 said Piled on, Pike county, ■ n the turn pike, fin* -a noble pike as a vane, to show that the wind , blotvs in favor of Pike all the time.” *o)rontcle anh Sentinel. AliG U S 1 \ 5 G a • SATURDAY MORNING SEPT. 6 FOK GOVERNOR: GEORGE W. CRAWFORD. Whigs of the Third Ward, Attention! ?L|=» The Whigs of the 3d Ward arc requested to meet at the Globe Hotel, THIS EVENING, at half past 7 o'clock, lor the pro pose of appointing delegates to the Convention, to be held in this city on the J3th inslto nomi nate Representatives to the Legislature. A lull attendance is requested. Letters from a Southerner. Tn-lay we present our readers with some extracts from another letter of a Southerner to the editors of the Richmond Whig. Although these letters are particularly designed for the meridian of Virginia, they are nevertheless equally interesting and instructive to Georgians, whose habits, customs and pursues are not very dissimilar from those of Virginia. And now that the attention of capitalists is being generally directed to the subject of manufactures, as a means of profitable investment, as well as for the improvement of our social condition, we cannot, perhaps, render them a more accept able service than by the publication of these, and similar letters, abounding, as they all do, in: valuable information. In the contemplation of this subject—the in troduction of manufactures throughout the South—we confess we look forward to the day, with no ordinarv degree of anxiety, not un mingled with pleasure, when our planters -hall cease to invest their surplus capital in “more land and. Negroes ” and seek to employ it in the more. profitable as well as more philanthropic business of manufacturing. To enumerate the advantages that would positively result from such a diversion of labor and investmentof cap ital, would occupy more space than we had designed for this brief notice. The immediate advamage however would be, the increased wealth of the State, the certain consequence of a profitable investment of capital, which would go on annually enriching, and rendering more prosperous, contented and happy, every class of our population. Then, instead of that constant drain upon our population to fi'l up the great western wilds, we should become more and more attached to our homesteads, annually be coming more numerous and consequently more prosperous and intelligent. Upon all of these positions we might enlarge with effect, and to our mind offer such argu ments in support of our views as would con vince'he most sceptical, but time and space to day forbid, We shall not, however, weary in well doing or flag in a good cause, and shall therefore continue, from time to time, to endea vor to enlighten our people upon this very im portant subject, and if possible to change them from the error of their ways. The Weekly Statement of the U. S. Treasu ry Department, showing the amount of monevs at its credit in the various Banks holding the public deposits, is published in the Washing ton Union of Monday. The Statement is made up to the 25'h August, and shows that the amount on deposit was $9 939 637 89; which was subject, however, to drafts drawn hut not ve< paid, though payable, amounting to $2 230,- 824. 92, and making the net amount on de posites7,7oß,B(2 97. The transfers ordered by ihe Department were as tol'ows ; To Merchants and Traders’ Bank, Porls mnn'h. N Ft *734 4a TnSt.te Rank of New Jersey Morris SO.OI Ht on To Rank of Louisiana. New Orleans. La SOnjmn m To G'inton Ra- k Coliimbns. Ohio 4 non On To Mint of 'he United States Phßad’a 115,000 00 To Branch Mint of the United States, N. Orleans 30 000 on $3°Q,734 On From Merchants’ Rank. Boston g"0 "no O Prom Rank of the State of Neo- York 00 non o’’ From Mechanics’ Rank. New York 20.1)00 00 P'om Merchants’ B-nk. do .20 000 00 From PhUadelohia Rank, Philadelphia IRtWi n<l Fmna foreman & Rians. Washington 200,0n0 00 Prom Bank of Wooster, 0hi0....- 4.000 CD §354.0f 3CO The amount of Treasury Notes outstanding on the Ist instant, it is officially stated, was 8742,014.18. Military Movements. —Seven companies, (four of the Ist Artillery, and three of the 2d Artillery,) numbering about 400 men, rank and file, embarked Tuesday on hoard the U. S. ship Lexington, at New York, for Texas. For California.—On lhe2lst another com pany, consisting of twenty-five men left St. Louis for California. The Missourian says (hev seem men of the right stamp for such an undertaking, and leave with great willingness, apparently regardless of all dangers. A letter from S-,in’a Pe, wri'ten on (he 18th of July, and published in the St. Louis Era, states that much interest is felt in that country in relation to the annexation of Texas. A1 rge portion of the inhabitants aie said lobe anxious for annexation, and in favor of the Rio del Norte as theboundary, which would include them in the Union. A company of traders arrived at St, Louis on the 22d nil. from the Rocky Mountains. They met with Col. Kearney and two hundred and I fifiv dragoons at the Cedar Bluffs on the 17ih of June, Col. K. intended to go to the Chimney, i thence to the South Pass, and from that point to IF< rt William on the Arkansas. Whilst the traders were encamped at. Cedar Bluffs 550 wagons of Oregon emigrants passed them. — These people had gotten along very well, hav ing lost only a few oftheir caitlc by the depre dations of the Pawnees. A new process of Tanning leather is said to have been discovered by Messrs, Darrow, of Dayton, Ohio, by which a side of sole leather is taken in its raw state and thoroughly finish ed for the manufacturer in 72 hours, and a hide of upper leather in about 10 hours! Messrs. D. are praclicnl tanners. Early Frost.— In Providence and its vicini ty, and at Roxbury and Dedham, near Boston, a white frost was discernible at an early hour on Friday morning the 29th ult. The steamer Great Britain, which left New York on Saturday, took out §146,000 io gold. A Rich Town.—New Bedford contains 13,- 000 inhabitants, and its valuation is §l2 000,000, being §I,OOO to each man, woman and child. Nearly two hundred workmen from England reached the iron Works at Danville, Pa., last week, where they arc to be employed. f" O" passengers arrived at New York from foreign ports, during the month of An gust. Western and Atlantic Railroad. —The Marietta Hdiconot the 3d inst. savs: —The first trip on the road of the new Locomotive and Cars, from Martinsville to this place, will be made on Saturday, the 13th inst. The Georgia Road is now complete from Augusta to its terminus in Dr Kalb. It is al. ready in full ope r ation to Decatur, and this week will run to Marthasville. The lino will then be completed from Augusta to Burroughs’, in Cass county, and in one week from this time, the thunder of steam will be heard amid these mountains, carrying in its train the productions o! the planters o ! Cherokee. We congratulate the people of Northwestern Georgia on this consummation. It will form an interesting era in the history of our State. Revenue <>f the Port of New York.—A raount of duties received for the month <>f An tgyjst,, 1845 $2 759 777 74 ■ ’SaffreTime 1844 3 142 226 75 , ? , tj.. A .felling off of $383,449.01 Do, from the Ut Jan., 1845, to 31st Aug;. 1845 inclusive §l3 309 769 95 Same tfrae 1844 16 772 020 40 A falling ©ff of.;; $3,462 250.45 Extraordinary Shower. —They had a thun der shower at Taqnton, Mass., a few days since, which was an houffin passing over the citv ; the rain fell during the time to tnedepth ot seven inches upon n. level. ITiT Gen. Worth and staff, (composed of Cap tain Sprague, Dr. Wright, Lieut Smith and others.) took their departure tor Texas via Tam or Bav on Monday last. — Augustine News, 30th ult. Great Failure at Harrisburgh. —One of the heaviest failures that ever occurred among the iron mongers of Pennsylvania was made public on Friday. The Messrs. Bavard, pro prietors of ihe Emeline Furnace, situated near Dauphin, and the Victoria Furnace, in Clark’s Valley, about six miles larther up the river, have failed, their liabilities being in the neigh borhood ot one hundred thousand dollars. Money in New York.— The Commercial Ad vertiser of Saturday evening, discussing ihe pro bability of a war and the expenses thereof, says; In view, then, of the circumstances connected with t e acquisition of Texas, it is not improba ble that the Government may within a few months be in the market asa borrower of money; and it is, as we suppose, the expectation of this, in connection with t e reaction cons-quent upon the movements of ihe Secretary of the Treasury in exacting security for the deposits, which has depressed the price of Government stocks more in proportion than those of the solvent states A new issue would doubtless find purchasers, though it is more than probable that they would be >m this side of ihe Atlantic Our friends in Europe, it we can judge from indications of the money market in the accounts received by the last steamer, are likely within a few momlis to have quite as much io do as will he found convenient to take care of their own rail road stocks, which within a year or two hake been created in such reckless profusion, without embarking to any considerable extent in new issues of American securities. We do not look f«r any large amount to be sen' to this country for sale, hut we have not yet seen any evidence of a disposition to increase their in vestments, although the payment by Pennsylva iiia has certainly streng hened their confidence in the ultimate value ot those they already hold, and they are perhaps more disposed to await heir final issue. The accumulation of private capital in this country, since the passage of the last tariff act, has been very great, and a ready 7 market oughi therefore to be found at home for all the slocks, public or private, which are necessary to be created. The value of money, however, pre sent or prospective, is such as not to render six per cent, securities, very desirable investments at a high premium for our own capitalists Our improvements keep pace with our increase of weahh, if they do not far outstrip it, and new enterprises lor the employment of capital are constantly brought forward in such numbers that when the business of the country is prosperous, and the ordinary facilities for its transaction are required, money may readily be employed at six or seven per cent interest. We indeed look for a more active demand than we have experienced for some time. The rate of interest has been gradually increasing for the last year, and causes for an additional de mand have arisen within the last two or three months which can, we think, hardly fail to give employment to all the means that can be made available at. still higher rates. The supply of money, both in Europe and in this country, has for two or three years been exceedingly abun dant Its effect has been to stimulate specula tion, especially in the former, t 77 an extent wh< 11 v unprecedented. The natural consequences of such movements is to enhance the value of money, and where there has been much over trading one extreme i- followed hv another. We notice that in the four weeks preceding the sailing of the last steamer the bullion in the Bank of England had fallen off upward of £BOO,OOO, equivalent to a reduction of a million of dollars a week; a laot which, if it should prove to he any thing more than a temporary movement, is destined ere long materially to af fect the value of money in that kingdom. The accounts by the next steamer may be looked for with some interest, both in respe.ct to tiie condi- j tion of their money market, and the prospects I of the haivest, with regard to which some fears i appear to be entertained. Old Books.—A correspondent of the New- ■ ,trk Advertiser invites the editor to see “a vol- | lime emitted ‘Christian Directorie,’ printed in ! 1585. just 260 years old'o-dav : also a Greek i j Bible printed in the year 1653, wi h several other j volumes, some 50 and 100 y ears their juniors— all in an excellent stale of preservation.” We may add that there is now in the pos session of Mr. S. P. Hull, of Morristown, a Bible much older than the one mentioned in yesterday'sdMly. It was printed in London, in the year 1580; in Ihe old English Text, and it i« in an excellent state of presevation. Editor Advertiser. Educating the Masses, —The idea of in structing and elevating the masses belongs to modern limes: it opens out new doctrines to the world. The ancient legislators would not. have comprehended it: the legislators of the middle ages would only have seen in it a~> im piety, as they considered that knowledge ought to heUng only to the church: consequently, no people, up to the present time, ha ve produced all they might produced; Ido not say in wisdom or in virtue, hut merely in intelligence. 'This is a sublime spectacle which was wanting on the earth, and which is now preparing lor future generations. Here woman’s mission reveals itself. From the Richmond Whig. New YoRSj Aug. 6th. 1845. GcniUm.cn. —l am, you see, sitl. tambiing in the factories (oar oppressors!!) at ihe eastern wing ot the Ui ion, and it lias a Horded me so much gratification, that 1 must in spite of my antipathy to write, tell yon all about it. Some oi our Southern triends who ate now spending a summer vocation at the North, visiting the Springs and other watering places, Gullio-like, I know,“ care lor none ot these things ;” hut I cunless I do, and they will go back, I tear, to s ( ,end their winterses-ions in denouncing these men as “grinding oppressors.” and “ public plun derers:' Gen. Chandler oi the American Institute, has related to me a fact, confirmatory of what F said in tnv last letter from this city, and as it is short I will give it a pb<ce in the van oi this one. He says, that in 1818. he had occasion tor the use of an iron lurnace ot 12 inches square; but to his astonishment, he Found it could not be procured in sew York. When about sending to Europe for it, he heatd that perhaps Geo, Clyrner, of Philadelphia might be i able to maim it, to whom he wrme and who i finally did execute the work loi §25, and it is! now in the machine it was originally (resigned | for, in this city. He tells me now, Pat the | same articles can be produced for two-thirds | less, from the improvements of machinery ; and | this little incident is but a sample ot a bundled i other things. Our mechanics Nmth and South ! only want stability and confidence in our do- ! mestic policy, to cope with the wot lift The American institute is an association of j great service to this country. It is as ye; in an incipient Mate, although of some years standing; ! every man seems to be deeplv committed to pro- , mote thn cause of home industry throughout the I entire Union. The interests of agriculture and i commerce likewise receive their united conn- | oils and consideration. They have a “ Farmer’s i Club,” which meets in their hall, composed ol j a very intelligent body'of agriculturists, where i all matters relative to farming and honicu tore, j are discussed. The information thus elicited i by the Institute, is diffused abroad throughout the Union, and become subjects for wholesome consideration to all those engaged ir such en .terprise. I cannot help believing, but that this Institution, under the administration of the able : bodv-of men .who now have control of its affairs, is destined to effeef, with other affiliated asso ciationsrof a smaller grade, a wise and salu tary reformation in the onward progress ot do mestic manufactures, agriculture, horticulture and throughout the country. Thus believing, 1 am willing to add to it my share of encouragemenr and good will, and give it God’s speed. It is strictly neutral in politics. At the Brass Fawcett Foundry of Messrs. Reed & Co., the junior partner ot which lor merly carried on -tvo-siness in our old State, 1 was peculiarly struck with the adm irabie finish and superiority of their work <v r the same ar ticle imported from Europe. There is only one other foundry of this peculiar kind, in the Uniied States; and none were established in 'his country until the passage of the Tariff'd 1842. These two factories alone, have almost entirely driven the foreign article from the market. At Messrs. Cornel! & Jackson’s Ornamental Foundry, through which the junior partner conducted me, I beheld work m de from iron, such as I nowhere ever witnessed efore.— There were some iron chairs, intended for gardens, settees for the same purpose, flower s ands, also, and many other curious and cun ning things, the work of hands from the solid iron. The entire finish of these articles are beautiful and these with the grating and or a mental railing, and other work 1 saw, affords the highest evidence that in point <>f ingenuity oolish and workmanship, we are exceeded by no people on the globe; and with one half tip attention from the Government which the me ohanic and manufacturer of the oid world re eeive from fheir’s, would give onr industrious fellow-cinzens the command of the markets ol 'he wo'ld. The Iron Works, similar to the one above, belonging to S. B. A.thouse & Co., is anothei immense establishment. In passing through i I was struck with the order that prevailed, an the fin sh of the work. The establish cent i just now filling a very larg - order for Mexico Thev send a good deal of heir work to Vir m'nia. What if we had a few such establish >nents in the Capital of the Old Dominion'?' Would not a change take place in our polic and pur- uits, like that which these factories havi produced here at the North? 1 think so, an> so do many others; and I warn politicians no l to stand in our wav. The progress of improve ment must go forward, and Virginia must 1> elevated and placed in her proper niche among the States of the Union. In passing through the large, and I mav sav magn fieent Furniture Warehouse of Messrs J. & J W. Meeks, 1 had a fair opportunity o' testing the superiority of the American me chanic, over the European. So far as durabili •v, workmanship, polish and design, are taken into consideration, the European is far inferior to the work done here. In fact, this establish ment, under the charge of its enterprizing pro nriet TS has gained such celebrity as to attract the attention of both manufacturers and others in England, France, Ger any and China. — To all these countries they have been, and are now, shipping their work. The improvements which have been discovered, and by ihem used upon their work, since the adoption of the tariff, gives th'm a superiority in their business that renders them competent to cone with the best factors in Europe. They showed me several articles which were made an.l making for Eng land and China. They tell me that if Eng land would take off'one hall of her tariff on their goods, they could and would carry their work tr London, and in five or ten years drive nearly all their article from their own market which, of course, she will not do. Yet what is most singular in these perverse times, we are willing that England should shut nut our man ufactured articles from entering her pons by a tariff of prohibition, and repeal our own tariff which is merely a limited protection, so that our hardv, industrious, useful and superior mechanics may he prostrated, and give tin our markets to the English manufacturer. This is protection with a vengeance. This establish ment has lately furnished the President’s man sion with furniture. " To show the cheapness and superiority of I our work and workmen, in the face of an Eng ; Hsh prohibitory tariff a gentleman lias opened i a house in London for ihe sale of American | manufactured work. The improvement in our | machinery has rendered labor and work so j cheap, that he is enabled to import the Ameri | can work and undersell the English on i own ground. The manufacturers here j tint if the tariff is preserved for 10 or 12 years I longer, after that if mav be taken off'altogether, | and they will defy the world. I learn from this house, that the screws, spring-, locks, cantors, cut tacks, and edge tools, which were formerly imported from abroad, are siow manufactured in country so cheap and so much superior, from the advantage which < Ihe tariff affords, as to drive the foreign articles out nt the market almost altogether. Thev use the American now always. Instead of using the Russian and English burlaps and bear duck for under covering thev now use and prefer the American twilled heavy cotton goods. Is not thi« an advantage to the cotton-growing States? Hurled hair, which was formerly shipped from Smith America to Engl nd, for manufacture, and then sent to this country for use, is now shinned direct to the United Stares an ! here manufactured. The principal amount of hair cloth, which was formerly manufactured in Germany and England, is now manufactured in this country. The black walnut tree, which is now taking 'he place -if b >th rosewood and mahogany, for •he manufacture of furniture, grows in abnn- 1 lance in this country, and is becoming a trade 1 of great magnitude. There is a plenty ot this f wood in Virginia, which is now wasted, hut ' which, if it was collected and brought to mar- < ket, would enrich the owners and on*, ' 3 rate business in the South. That which* - firi: i in the old States is the best, became * rt,VVs ji nu>r heal and air, and is longer growi?.? e '* !c I course is mote hard and durable? an< - 11 j lines aie brought here from the forest? m I cousin and even lowa, by the vr-V? r £ K I Orleans and the lakes, and is sold ai‘fi„ f . C l r( % eiv and much ot it is now ship, *,1 to En £ France and Germany. \v hat it . So ,. ■ ' enterprising tarmers and the owners'oj i°! Virginia would take ti.is matter into cono^ 11 tion and make a siait and try their something, and not suffer themselves p, i at done by the young striplings who find into the woods ot the “ lar West?” a rwa - v these long discovered, but as yet H creeks and streams, which make umhJ ble I rivers ot our old State, having rl.eir A e ' eat I the eastern base of the Alieammv and fl' rCeS in 1 the Chesapeake, ,o bear alt, Z"> the invaluable products and treasuresVr mountains andt he hills, the rich vclie mUie plains, now useless to the mibions l 0 31,11 kets at your cities and towns on the L? ‘ a s‘ 1 to increase your manulaciures and com l' | and cheer the heart of the husband,,,^? 1 hope the dav is ripening lor this saint*. | useful change. God-peed it! •>'and ] Ihe lat iff of 1842 has had the effect oi al ffiost i depopulating die town of Dundee ScoilS i ■* -‘St once flourishing place depended im I SH PPon on the United States for the sale ,t ? j cotton bagging. Now, ten thousand ot her p o n? j l\ Mnm l , ,ave neen tnrown out of employment Many o. the owners ot these factories' have ; since our far,ft was passed, taken out their i machinery and sailed to the United State ' bringing u with them, and all theif e/pital and ! ™ en ; t 0 C(l,,t nience opperations in the ‘Mandoi j the frve and the home of ihe brave.” Three nt these men have settled in Louisiana ; one unde ! the nose of the Great Nullifier in South Carol! I na, where he purchased his nephew’s (J, E Ol I houn’s) pi mtation, intending to raise some oi j the very cotton hr- designs to manulacur e I About three thousand of her workmen have j been transferred to our shores with their empW ers, who will be good citizens, bringing a can? tai among us of fittrn hundred thousand dollar? But for fear these statements relative to Dande° j may he denied by those who wish to repeal the Tariff, and keep the South down, I have the gratification of giving a statement below from Mr, John Ward, Jr., a native of Dundee, now of this city, and a manufacturer. He is of the firm of Ward, Weeks & Co., of New York ami of Newark, and is familiar with all he relates' and 1 hope the latter pm of his statement will be attentively considered by the friends of Rich mond : “The Tariff’of 1842 affected the importation ot Colton Bagging more than any other article with which lam acquainted. Previous to that vear. the Southern States depended principally on the town of Dundee, in Scotland, tor their supplies, which were generally shipped to New York, Some idea may be formed ol the n ag nitude of the trade, when it is known that in Dundee about ten thousand persons were em ployed on the Cotton Bagging alone. James Watt. Esq , of this city, was, previous to the Tariff of 1842, the most heavy importer of Dun dee Cotton goods into this country. In 1841, he imported abou' 9,060 pieces; and in 18420n1y 1800 , ieces, being the iast importation he has made, or ever expects to make. The manufac ture of Bagging for the purpose of packing Co tton is now extinct in Dundee. In consequence of this state of things, their manufacturers nave been obliged to turn their attention to other branches of business. Several contemplate re moving to thiscountry, and some have already come. One has established himself in Patter son, New Jersey, where he has erected a large factory, the machinery ol which was all brought from Dundee last summer, and which is fi led up in a style superior to anything at the kind in 'his country. The managers, and all the prin cipal workmen are industrious end experienced hands from Dundee. In East Brooklyn, Long (-land, there is in operation a small Bagging Factory, managed by a. person from Dundee, in New Bedford Rhode I-land, there is erecting m establishment for the manufacture of all >vb ds o| Dundee goods, to he managed bv Dun ce mechanics. A number of other Dundee manufacturers and mechanics, have gone South o establish themselves. “ Large quantities ol Oil Cloths, used to be imported from England. Tids trade is also ex inct, and manufacturers oi this article from hat country, are now establishing themselves hroughout all the Northern St tes of the Union. There are several establishments in Brooklyn, Long Island. The proprietors of one of these, vlessrs. Richards & Horton, are about intro ucing the manufacture of Glaze Cloths, ol •very variety and description—such as table • •overs, &c., at prices that will pul foreign com etilion at eff fiance. “ Messrs. Peter & Andrew Howe, brothers, who served their time or apprenticeship in Dun ee, which is celebrated for its tnanufac mres in machinery, as well as in linen,came to Hus country last fall, and established them selves at Norfolk, Virginia, as manufacturers of machinery, &e., where 1 am assured they are succeeding admiral ly.” You see bv the latter part, that he knows what Virginia is, and her people, (always excepting srnie of her polit cians,) and the invitation he makes to them in behalf of the manufacturers ol Dundee. Here it is : “In Virginia, there are some splendid sites for manufacturing—capital is plentiful, and the people are liberal. Its close proximity to the flax and cotton growing States, renders it a very desirable location for the manufacture ol Dm dee goods. In Dundee there are dozens of manufacturers who can barely eke out a sub sistence, and who would verv willingly come to Virginia, if sufficient encouragement were held out to them—something tangible, that would enable them to commence operations on a scale superior to anvlhingof the kind in this minin'. The benefits which would accrue by the estab lishment ot manufactures in Virginia, are per fectly obvious to any one who has ever paid any attention to the subject. Once let them be es tablished on a fiim basis, and they will soon an imate the people, and bring forth the resources of that great Slate, and quicken into useful em ployment the mechanical, agricultural, ana , commercial talents of her sons.” Shou ny of the good people of Richmond, feel desirous ol encouraging this object they can make known their desires to you, and I shall, from the advice I receive Rom you, lake the pro’ er steps to make the matter known to the na rtics. Should Richmond exert herself to have concentrated at the Capital of the State, a dozen or so ot large factories, she would add to her pop ulation in five years, some fifteen thousam souls. This would stimulate her Legislature, and bv adding a greater market for the larmei, ! stimulate industry with the agricultural classy, lead to the use ot those new and useful discove ries in the science ot Agriculture, and make what she ought to be— ‘i Great, slorious and tree, , First bride of the Union, first gem of the sea. SOUTHERNER- DuiNtTY OK Woman. It is not the vvornan who si on Id be instructed by means ot the " _ band : it is the husband who should he rated bv means ot the wife. What, t en,. he done? Restore women to the comnletese' , oftheir dignity, and teach them to dis.m, - true love from the furv which usurps its na • The first point is that they should be loved respected—that thev should on no acroun f' sent to the deplorable part imposed upon by our brutal passions—that ihev should how degrading is the homage which . convert them into instruments ol capnc pleasure. We understand that Signor Mnzzt tained a sum of monev nearly sn . n enable him to construct his anal c " ' . (er , such a scale as will enable him to try f f, e esfing experiment of renal navtga to open air. — N. N. Cour, rs- Enq.