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4t 1' .i—~ V Li JL .. JLTIgJ JL ■LiiLW-U JILLgiL " 11 ll I iMJWjgag-n-- m■■ j; p—■— JW.xW. S. JONES. AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1845. VOL.S3NO. 108. WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPT. 10 A Confession. —One of the organs of the De mocracy, which is endorsed by itie Wasliington Journal, makes the following extraordinary con fessions : “Graduates of Colleges are in nearly nine ca c es out of ten Whigs. So natural is it for them to cast their political fortunes with that party-that we have frequently been surprised at the result of our own observation of the fact, while unable to account for it. As incredible as it may seem, we never yet have been ac quainted with a Presbyterian clergyman who was a Democrat. They have been Whigs uni versally; and it is well known that, nearly or quite all of the clergymen of that denomination are graduates of Colleges. Observation‘ will also demonstrate the fact that a large majority of our professional men of all classes are of the same political caste, particularly of those who have been run through those machines for making young aristocrats.” These are, to our mind, confessions no less novel (coming from a Democrat) than true, and they afford a theme for much reflection to every class of the community. "W e have been wont to believe that the more enlightened and better educated anv community may become, the more certain would a majority.of them be Whigs, but this is the first time that we have known a Democratic organ so frank as to make the ac knowledgement, an acknowledgement which most certainly is the strongest that could be made in condemnation of the principles and measures of the Democratic party. Apart from the admission that the great ma jority of educated men in this country are Whigs, there is infused into this brief para graph a spirit, which strikes at the very founda tion of all well regulated society, which has for its ultimate object, the arraying in hostile posi tions one class of the community again- 1 an other. We. refer to llie disposition so itcqiiently evinced by the democratic leaders and organs, lor the last twelve years, to excite the prejudices of the poor against the tich not al-mc against the rich, but against all classes ol men who do not obtain a livelihood by severe manual labor. Such a disposition, wherever or by whom mani fested, should receive the severest censure from every patriotic citizen in the land. Foreign Paupers.— On more than one oc casion have we transferred to our columns ar cles showing the gross impositions, not to say frauds, practised upon the American people by those in England and on the Continent of Eu rope, who have charge of the pauper popula tion. The following paragraph from a Roches ter, New York, paper, exposes another recent instance of the practice, which is doubtless in creasing annually, the frequent recurrence of which should, we think, attract the attention of the authorities in this country, and suggest a re medy against such indignity. For, however earnestly we may invite, by our liberal princi ples and laws, and however cordially we may welcome the hardy, industrious sons of the old world to our shores to enjoy with us the bless ings of our free institutions, we can but regard it a gross indignity and injury to become the re cipients of their pauper population, by such a systematic arrangement of the authorities as is disclosed in the paragraph alluded to. It is tine that in this section of the Union we are in little danger of being taxed at any early day to any considerable extent, but if our government tolerates the policy, the evil will become one of magnitude, and as it is a subject that interests all classes of society in every section of the Union, it should be made a common cause. Bui to the paragraph, here it is: “Two families of Engli-h emigrants, con taining 1G persons, came to the city of Roches ter a few weeks since, and made application tor assistance to the County Snpcrintendants of the Poor. They testifie-1, on their examination, that they had been supported by their parish in Wiltshire, England ; and they were sent at the expense of said parish to New York, where, on landing, a sovereign was given to each grown person, and half that sum to each of the chil dren. The captain of the vessel paid sl7to the city. They'succeeded in reaching this place, when they found themselves out of money. The Superimendants ot the Poor were compel led to expend sl7 to forward them to their place ot destination which must be paid bv the farm ersandworking men of Monroe county.” Southern vs. Northern Flour. —We find ' die (oliowing novel comparison of Southern | and Northern flour in the Tuscaloosa Monitor, \ the result of which, if true, presents a question | tor philosophical investigation : Alabama f'tour. —A very intelligent gentle- I man ol this city, at ihe request of another, fur nishes ihe following statement: Having heard it said that Alabama Flour yielded more bread than the Northern or West ern, I requested Messrs. L. and H. (bakers of (his city) to give particular attention to the (act. Early in June last, being supplied with a good article ot Cincinnati flour, also with flour from new wheat manufactured at Col. McAdo ry’t mill in Jefferson county, Ala., they report ed, that having done so, tpey lour d the gain about twenty per cent, in tavoß.of McAdory’s. There was then tried in my family, the follow ing experiment: two loaves were made, each containing 2{ lbs. flour, the one ol Alabama, and the other of Cincinnati. They were baked at the same time, and, when co -I, were careful ly weighed. The result was— Ala. 2(, wt of loaf 3j, gain 1(, or 55 percent. Gin. 2j, “ “ 3lb “ j, or 33 Gain of Alabama over Cincinnati, 22 “ This appears extraordinary; but as my expe riment only verifies the statement of L and H., ' ( p el confidence in its correctness ; and should ■nfer that our hot and dry climate produces a harder wheat than the North,— containing a larger proportion of gluten ;—hence richer, and more valuable to tl ie baker. Cannon for California. —The St. Louis Reporter, of the 27th ultimo, say.s:—“’A brass cannon, weighing 3GO lbs., was cast on Mon oav, at the JEtna Foundry, in this city, for a p’'| P on V of California emigrants. President “Ik must wake up if he does not wish to see Mexico and California settled be emigrants, etore the war with Mexico shall have been xairly commenced.” The Villager of the 23d till.—a paper pub-I lished at Marksv ille, parish of Avoyelles, La. I —says; “ The fever is raging through all parts I of our parish, we are afraid, it the weather con tinues as hot as it has been for this week past, to see it become epidemic. The heat is so in tense that onr ponds are drying up; at Old River fishes may be seen floating by thousands and the stench, on its banks, is intolerable. The thermometer has been for the last five or six days from OS to 100 deg. Later from Mexico. The New Orleans Tropic ol the 4th insl.says: We have received the following important letter from our attentive and intelligent Pensa cola correspondent. It appears from this, that Herrera is elected President of -Mexico, that Al monte is in his new cabinet, and that there will be no declaration of war. The pretended- re conquest of Texas, we look upon as one of the feints to appease wounded honor, and ultimately to open the way to peaceful negotiations for an adjustment of all difficulties pending • between the two Governments. There is a report in town, said to have been received at one ot the offices here, that President Herrera has been authorised to declare war against this country, and to raise an army of 30,000 men, and that 15,000 are already on their march towards Texas. This report is said to be based on despatches for our Government, re ceived I»v the Saratoga. We feel bound, such is the public excitement caused by the circula tion of this report, to pronounce it, in our opinion, a mere rumor without foundation. It it were true, our correspondent, who is a man of close observation—whose means of knowing are unquestionable, and who dales his postscript the morning subsequent to Ihe Saratoga’s arri val, would assuredly have so advised us. But, to show that it-is without foundation, we stele that Gen. Gaines, as we are informed at this moment of writing (half past 8, Wednesday eve ning,) has received no authentic information looking in the least like a declaration of war; Correspondence, of the Tropic. Pensacola, August ol„ 1815. I have just returned to this place from Arca dia, and hasten to give you the latest intelliger ce respecting oursquadron. You must have beard ore this, that the Porpoise and John Ada us have gone out to relieve the St. Lawrence and Sara toga, which are hourly expected here. What ever may be the flying rumors about our ships and the high state of the war-fever in New Or leans, depend upon it, the Commodore here knows better about matters in general, than you do in the Crescent City. I know, from almost authentic sources, that the whole squadron will not go out lor the present. There being abso lutely no necessity to expose actually the ships to a dangerous cruize in the Gulf during the hurricane months, or their crews, which are now in tip-top health, to the yellow fever and other diseases attendant upon an anchorage - at Sacri ficios or oil Vera Cruz. Commodore Connor has determined to keep always two men of war cruizing off the Mexican and Texan coasts, re lieving them occasionally, which will secure a con-lant communication with Gen. Tavlur and himself here. In the event of a declaration of war, ora manileslation of any hostilities on the part of Mexico, he will sail directly for Vera Cruz with the full squadron and bombard SI. Juan dc UUoaond the city. Such a’re presumed to be his views, by the knowing ones here, and they seem to have met the approbation of Gov ernment. Commodore Connor is acknow.edged to be an officer ot great promptitude, whet re quired, and in such cases as the present com municates his views to no one, unless in readi ness for action. Before closing, 1 must inform you that I had the pleasure of being one of a party which visi ted the squadron, at the Navy Yard, a few days ago The Princeton is indeed a fine ship, and is every bit what she has been cracked up to be. tier officers, as well as those ol the Potomac and St. Mary, received us very kindly. We also visited the steamship Mississippi, and took a good look at her formidable battery. 1 cannot say, however, that we were treated very polite on board of her; in fact, 1 expected more cour tesy, on the part of our very gallant officers. The Griffon (French brig of war) lias just put under sail, it is supposed for Vera Cruz. Respectfully yours, V. P. S.— Sept. Ist.—The Saratoga, with sick ness on board, arrived here last night, thirteen davs from Vera Cruz. Herrera, the present acting President, has been elected President of Mexico, and Almonte, the late - Minister to Washington, is Minister either of Finance or War—the first most probably. Mexico does not intend to declare war against this .country, but will exert its utmost endeavors to reconquer Texas. So, there will be the field of battle. Correspondence, of the Bee. ' Pensacola, Sept. Ist, 1845, Messrs. Editors —The U. S. sloop-of-war Saratoga arrived here at a late hour yesterday in fifteen clays from Vera Cruz, where she re mained nearly a week at anchor—salutes were exchanged with the authorities at that place. The only news, which I have been enabled to i glean, is that Gen. Herrera has been elected j President—a new cabinet has been organized | with Gen. Almonte, late M inister to the United | Slates as I understand at its head, Congress has ! adjourned without making a formal declaration jot war against this country. Resolutions how j ever were adopted, to borrow fifteen millions of j dollars for the purpose ol carrying on the war for the re-conquest, of Texas. Uis also among the “on nits” that a large number ol troops from the interior are matching to ihe barks of the Rio Grande—the old story. It is sincerely hoped that the Government of Mexico will not be mad enough to invade Tex j as, nor tc declare war against the United States; for if they had neither the courage nor the means j to recover a lost province, during a period of ten years, they can hope for little in a struggle with a country <4 twenty millions of people, and with exhaustless resources. The men who direct the pit die affairs of Mexico, betray an extent of folly, not to be ex pected even from unfledged statesmen. Great excitement exists at Warsaw, Ky., on account of the arrest of four counterfeiters, sup posed to belong to a very extensive gang. It is said that some of the wealthiest and most influ ential citizens were connected with it; that a branch ol it exists in Lawrenceburgh, and may be in Cincinnati, and another up the Wabash, and that the prisoners threaten awful disclosures. One ol them made his escape. The other three were required tp find bail in $12,000 each. Steamboat Lost. —W< learn from Capt. Van Houten, of the steamer Harry of the West, which arrived yesterday, that the Little Pike, from St. Louis for this nnrt, struck a snagar the foot of “Island No. 63,” on the morningoi the 29th, and sunk to her cabin floor. Boat a total loss. A portion ofthe cargo, consisting ol lead,will probably be saved. The Harryof the West passed down a few hours alter the acci dent and took off her passengers, and brought them to the ciiy.—iV. O, Tropk. i ■ CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT. SECOND EXPEDITION. —Continued. The rapid and wasteful destruction of the buffalo in these western wildernesses has often been alluded to and lamented by travellers, yet the subject is of so much importance that we cannot omit Capt. Fremont’s very sensible ob servations upon it. On August 30, in latitude 42° 14 min. 22 sec. and longitude (about) 112: “A number ol Indians came to visit us, and several men were senl.to the village with goods, tobacco, knives, cloth, vermilion, and the usual trinkets, to exchange for provisions. But they had no game of any kind ; and it was difficult t<> obtain any roots from them, as they were miserably po’or, and had but little to spare from their winter stock of provisions. Several of the Indians drew asi ’e their blankets, showing rne their lean and bony figures; and I would not any longer tempt them with a display of our mer chandise to part with their wretched subsistence, when they gave as a reason that it would expose them to ts mporary starvation. A great portion ofthe region inhabited by this nation formerly abounded in game; the buffalo ranging about in -herds, as we had found them on the eastern waters, and the plain dolled with scattered hands of antelope; but so rapidly have they disappear ed within a few years, that now, as we jour neyed along, an occasional buffalo skull and a few wild antelope were all that remained ofthe abundance that had covered the country’ with animal life. “The extraordinary rapidity with which (lie buffalo is disappearing from our territories will not appear surprising when we remember ihe great scale on which their destruction is yearly carried on. With inconsiderable exceptions, the business ot the American trading posts is carried on in their skins; every year the Indian villages make new lodges, forwhich the skin ol the buffalo furnishes the material; and in that portion of the country where they are still found, the Indians derive their entire support from them, and slaughter ihetn with thoughtless and abominable extravagance. Like the Indians themselves, they have been a characteristic of the Great West; and as, like them, they are visibly diminishing, it will be interesting to throw a glance backward through the last twen ty yeats, and give some account of their former distribution through the country, and the limit of their western range, “ The information is derived principally from Mr, Fitzpafrick, supported by my own personal knowledge and acquaintance with the country. Our knowledge does not go larther back than the spring of 1824, at which lime the buffalo were spread in immense numbers over the Green river and Bear river valleys, and through all the country lying between the Colorado or Green river of the Gulf of California, and Lewis’s fork of the Columbia river; the meridian ol Fort Hall then forming the western limit of their range. The buffalo then remained lor many years in that country, and frequently moved down the valley ol the Columbia, on both sides ofthe river, as far as the Tis/ng Tails. Below' this point they never descended in any numbers. About theyear 1834 or 1835 they began to di minish very rapidly, and continued to decrease until 1838 or 1840, when With the country we have just described, they entirely abandoned all the waters of the Pacific north of Lewis’s fork of the Columbia. At that time the Flathead Indians were in the habit of finding their buffa loon the headset Salmon river, andotherstreams ofthe Columbia; bm now they never meet with them farther west than the three forks of the Missouri or the plains of the Yellowstone river. “In the course ol our journey it will be re marked that the buffalo have' not so entirely abandoned the waters ot the Pacific, in the Rocky Mountain region south of the Sweet Water, as in the country nor h ofthe Great Pass. This partial distribution can only be ac counted for in the great pastoral beauty of that country, which bears marks ot having long been one of 'heir favorite haunts, and bv the (act that the while hunters have more frequented the northern than thesomhern region—it being north of the South Pass that the hunters, trappers, and traders, have had their rendezvous for many years past; and from that section also the great er portion ofthe heaver and rich furs were ta ken, although always the most dangerous as well as the most profitable hunting ground. “In that region lying between the Green or Colorado river and the head waters of the Rio del Norte, over the Yampah, Kooynh, WnHe?.m\ Grand rivers—ail of which are the waters of the Colorado—the buffalo never extended so far to the westward as they did on the waters ofthe Columbia; and only in one or two instances have they beenknown to descend as far •vest as the mouth of the White river. In travelling through the country west ofthe Rocky Moutains, observation readily Jed me to. the impression that the buffalo had crossed that range to the waters of the Pacific only a few years prior to the period we are considering; and in this opinion 1 am sustained by Mr. Fitz patrick, and the older trappers in that country. In the region west of the Rocky Mountains, we never meet with any one of the ancient vestiges which, throughout all the country lying upon their eastern waters, are found in the great highways, continuous for hundreds of miles, always several inches and sometimes several feet in depth, which the buffalo have made in crossing from one river to another, or in tra versing the mountain ranges The Snake In dians, more particularly those low down upon Lewis’s fork, have always been very grateful to the American trappers, for the great kindness (as they frequently expressed it) which they did to them, in driving the buffalo so low down the Columbia river. “The extraordinary abundance of the buffalo on the cast side of the Rocky Mountains,- and their extraordinary diminution, will be made c early evident from the following statement. At any time between the years 1824 and 1836, a traveller might start from any given point south or north in the Rocky Mountain range, journeying by the most direct route to the Mis souri river; and, during the whole distance, his road would be always among large bands of buffalo, which would never be out of his view until he arrived almost within sight of tic abode ot civilization. “At this lime, the buffalo occupy but a very limited space, principally along the eastern base ofthe Rockv Mountains, sometimes extending at their southern extremity to a considerable distance into the plains between the Platte and Arkansas rivers, and along the eastern frontier of New Mexico as far south as Texas. “ The following statement, which T owe to the-kindness of Mr. Sanford, a partner in the American Fur Company, will further illustrate this subject, by extensive knowledge acquired during several years of travel through the re gion inhabited by the buffalo: ‘“The total amount of robes annually traded bv ourselves and others will not he found to dif fer much from the following statement: Rohes. American Fur Company 70 000 Hndson’s Bay Company 10,000 All other companies, probably 10 000 if Making a total of, 90,000 as an average annual return for the last eight or ten years. ‘“ln the northwest the Hudson’s Bay Com pany purchase from the Indians but a very small number—their only market being Canada, to which the cost of transportation nearly equals the produce of the furs; and it is only within a very recent period that they have received buf falo robes in trade, and out of the great number ot buffalo annually killed throughout the exten sive regions inhabited by the Camanches and other kindred tribes, no robes whatever are fur nished for trade. During only four months of the year (from November until March) the skins are good for dressing; those obtained in the re maining eight months being valueless to tra ders, and the hides of bulls are never taken oft’ or dressed as robes at any season. Probably-; not more than one-third of the skins are taken! (rorn the animals killed, even when they are* in good season, the labor ol preparing and dress I ingthc robes being very great, and it is seldom | thatV. lodge trades more than twenty skins in a year. It is during the summer months, and in the early- part of autumn, that the greatest num ber of buffalo are killed, and yet at this time a skin is never taken for the purpose ot trade.” “From these data, which are certainly iimi- Icd, and decidedly within bounds, the reader is left to draw his own influence ofthe immense number annually killed. “In 1842 1 found the Sioux Indians of the Upper Platte demonies , as their French traders expressed it, with the failure ofthe buffalo, and in the following year large villages from the Upper Missouri came over to the mountains at the heads of the Platte in search of them. The rapidlv progressive failure of their pi Incipal and almost ihcir on'y means ofsubsistence has cre ated great alarm among them, and at this time there are only two modes presented to them by which they sec a good prospect for escaping starvation: one of these is to rob the settlements along Ihe frontier of the States; and the olher is to form a league between the various tribes of the Sioux nation, (he Cheyennes, and Ara pahoes, and make war against the Crow nation, in older to lake from them their country, which is now the best buffalo country in the West This plan they have now in consideration, and it would probably be a war of extermination, as the Crows have long been advised of this stale of affairs, and say that they are perfectly prepared. These are the best warriors in the Rocky Mountains, and are now allied with the Snake Indians; and it is probable that their combination would extend itself to the Ulahs, who have long been engaged in war against the Sioux. It is in this section of country that inv observation formerly’ led me to recommend the establishment ol a military post. “The further course of our narrative will give fuller and more detailed information of the present disposition of the buffalo in the country we visited.” On September G the party obtained the first View of the object of their anxious search, the Great Salt Lake: “The wafers of the Inland Sea, stretching in still and solitary grandeur far beyond the limit ot our vision. It was one ofthe great points of the exploration ; and, as we looked eagerly over the lake in the first emolionsol excited pleasure, I am doubtful if the followers of Ba'bna telt more enthusiasm when, from the heights ofthe Andes, they saw for (he first time the great Western ocean. It was certainly a magnificent object, and a noble terminus to this part of our expedition; and to travellers so long shut up among mountain ranges, a sudden view over the expanse of silent waters had in it something sublime. Several large islands raised their high rockv heads out of the waves; but whether or not they were timbered was still left to our imagination, as the distance was too great to determine if the dark hues upon them were woodland or naked rock. During the day the clouds had been gathering black over the moun tains to the westward, and, while we were looking, a storm burst down with sullen fury upon the lake, and entirely hid the islands from our view. So tar as we could see, along the shores there was not a solitary tree, and but little appearance of grass; and on Weber’s fork, a few miles below our last encampment,’ the timber was gathered into groves, and then dis appeared entirely.” The voyage on the lake and the preliminary anticipations are thus graphically described: “ With Mr. Preuss and myself, Carson, Ber nier, and Basil Lajeuacsse, had been selected for the boat expedition—the first ever attempted on this interior sea ; and Badeau, with Derosicr, and Jacob (the colored .nan) were to be left in charge of the camp. We were favored with most delightful weather. To night there was a brilliant sunset of golden orange and green, which left the western sky clear and beautifully pure; but clouds in th 3 cast made me lose an occultation. The summer frogs were singing around us, and the evening was very pleasant, with a temperature of Go° —a night of a more southern autumn. For our support we had yampah , the most agreeable flavored of the roots, seasoned by a small Cat duck, which had come in the way of Jacob’s rifle. Around our fire to-night were many speculations on what to-morrow would bring forth, and in our busy conjectures we fancied that we should find every one ofthe large islands a tangled wilderness of and shrubbery; teeming with game of every description that the neighboring region afforded, and which the toot of a while man or Intiian had never violated. Frequently during ’the day clouds had rested on the summits til their lofty mountains, and we believed that wc should find clear streams and springs of fresh water; and we indulged in anticipations ot the luxurious repasts with which we were to indem nify- ourselves for past privations. Neither, in onr discussions, were the whirlpool and other mysterious dangers forgotten, which Indian and hunter’s stories attributed to this unexplored lake. The men had discovered that, instead of being strongly sewed, (I'ke that of the preceding year, which had so triumphantly rode the canons of the Upper Great Platte,) our present boat was only- pasted together in a very insecure manner, the maker having been allowed so little time jin the construction, that he was obliged to crowd the labor of two months into several days. The insecurity of the boat was sensibly felt by us; and, mingled with the en-I thusiasra and excitement that we all felt at the prospect of an undertaking which had never be fore been accomplished, was a certain impres sion of danger, sufficient to give a serious char acter to our conversation. The momentary view which had been had of the lake the day before, its! great extent and rugged islands, dim ly seen amidst the dark waters in the obscurity of the sudden storm, were well calculated to heighten the idea of undefined danger with which the lake was generally associated. 11 September B.—A calm, clear day, with a sunrise temperature of 41°. In view of our present enterprise, a part of the equipment of ihe boat had been made to consist in three air tight hags, about three feet long, and capable each of containing five gallons. These had been filled with water the night before, and were now placed in the boat, with our blankets and instruments, consisting ot a sextant, telescope, spy-glass, thermometer, and barometer,” “ On September 9 the day was clear and calm; axsa—MMcsa—fiiM u ——na ; the thermometer at sunrise at 49°. j-ls is usual i with the trappers on the eve of any enterprise, our people had made dreams, and theirs hap pended to be a bad one—one which always pre ceded rvil—and consequently they looked very gloomy this morning; but we hurried through our breakfast in order to make an early start, and have all the day before us for our adven ture. Ihe channel in a short distance became !so shallow that our navigation was at an end, j being merely a sheet ol soft mud, with a few inches of water, and sometimes none at all, forming the low water shore of the lake. All j this place was absolutely covered with flocks |°* scream ing plover. We took off our clothes, I getting overboard, commenced dragging I the boat—-making by this operation a very cu : rious trail, and a very disagreeable smelk-in j stirring up the mud, and we sank above the | knee at every step. The water here was still Iresh, with only an insipid and disagreeable •taste, probably derived from the bed ol let id mud. Alter proceeding in this way about a mile we came to a small black ridge on the bottom, beyond which the water became suddenly salt, beginning gradually to deepen, and the bottom was sandy and firm. It was a remarkable divi sion, separating the fresh water ol the rivers from tiie briny water of the lake, which was entirely saturated with common salt. Pushing our lit tle vessel across the narrow boundary, we sprang on board, and at. length were afloat on the waters of the unknown sea. “We did not steer for the mountainous is lands, but directed our course towards a lower one, which was formed like the crater at the upper end ol Bear river valley. So long as wc could touch the bottom with our paddles we were very gay ; but gradually, as the water deepened, we became more still in our trail battenu of gum cloth distended with air and with pasted seams. Although the day was very calm there was a considerable swell bn the lake; and there were while patches of foam on the surface, which were slowly moving to the southward, indicating the set of a current in that direction, and recalling the recollection of the whirlpool stories. The water continued to deepen as we advanced, the lake becoming almost transpa rently clear, of an extremely beautiful bright green, color; and the spray, which was thrown into the boat and over our clothes, was directly converted into a crust of common salt, which covered also our hands and arms. ‘ Captain,’ said Carson, who lor some time had been look ing suspiciously at some whitening appearances outside the nearest islands, * what are those yonder? wont you just take a look with the glass?’ We ceased paddling lor a moment, and lound them to be the caps of the waves that were beginning to break under the lorce of a strong breeze that was coming up the lake. The lonn of the boat seemed to be an admira ble one, and it rode on the waves like a water bird ; but at the same time it was extremely slow in its progress. When wc were a little more than half way across the reach two of the divisions between the cylinders gave way, and it required the constant use of the bellows to keep in a sufficient quantity of air. For a long time we scarcely seemed to approach our island, but gradually we worked across the rougher sea of the open channel into the smoother water under the lec ol the island; and began to disco ver that what we took for a long row of peli cans ranged on the beach were only low cliffs whitened with salt by the spray of the waves; and about noon we reached the shore, the trans parency of the water enabling us to see (he bot tom ai a considerable depth. “it was a handsome broad beach rviicre we 1 anded, behind which the hill, into which the island was gathered, rose somewhat abruptly; ami a point of rock atone end enclosed it in a sheltering way; and, as there was an abun dance of drif t wood along the shore, it offered us a pleasant encapmeut. We did not suffer our fragile boat to touch the sharp rocks; but, getting overboard, discharged the baggage, and, lilting it gently out of the water, carried it to the upper part of the beach, which was com posed of very small fragments of rock.” “Carrying with us the barometer and other instruments, in the afternoon we ascended to the highest point of the island—a bare rocky peak, eight hundred leet above the lake. Stand ing on the summit, we enjoyed an extended view of the lake, enclosed in a basin of rugged mountains, which sometimes left marshy Tats and extensive bottoms between them and the shore, and in other places came directly down into the water with bold and precipitous bluffs. Following with our glasses the irregular shores, we searched for some indications ol a commu nication with other bodies of water, or the en trance of othet rivers, but the distance was so great that we could make out nothing with cer tainty. To the southward, several peninsular mountains, three or four thousand feet high, entered the lake, appearing, solar as the dis tance and our position enabled us to determine, to be connected by flats and low ridges with the mountains in the rear. Although these are probably the islands usually indicated on maps of this region as entirely detached from the shore, we have preferred to represent them, in the small map, on the preceding page, precisely as we were enabled to sketch them on the ground, leaving their more complete delineation for a future survey. The sketch, ol which the scale is nearly sixteen miles to an inch, is introduced only to show clearly the extent of our operations, which.it will be remembered, were made when the waters were at their lowest stage. At the season of high wate-s in the spring, it is proba ble that all the marshes and low grounds are ovet flowed, and the suface of the lake consider ably greater. In several places (which will be indicated to you in the sketch bv the absence of the bordering mountains) the view was of un limited extent—here and there a rocky islet ap pearing above the water at a great distance; and beyond, every thing was vague and unde fined. As we looked over the vast expanse of water spread out beneath us, and strained our eves along the silent shores over which hung so much doubt and uncertainty, and which were so lull of interest to us, I could hardly repress the almost irresistible desire to continue our exploration; but the lengthening snow on the mountains was a plain indication of the advanc ing season, and our frail linen boat appeared so insecure that 1 was unwilling to trust our lives jto the uncertainties of the lake. I therefore im | willingly resolved to terminate our survey here, and remain satisfied (or the present with what we had been able to add to the unknown geogra phy of the region. We felt pleasure also in re membering that we were the first who, in the traditionary annals ot the country, had visited the islands, and broken, with the cheerful sound of human voices, the long solitude ol the place. From the point where we were standing the ground fell off on every side to the water, giv ing us a perfect view ol the island, which is twelve or thirteen miles in circumference, being simply a rockv hill, on which there is neither water nor trees ol any kind.” “ At sunset, the temperature was 70 deg. We had arrived just in time to obtain a meridian al titude of the sun, and other observations were obtained this evening, which place our camp in latitude 41 deg. 10 min. 42 sec., and longitude 112 deg 21 min. 05 sec. Irom Greenwich, From a discussion of the barometrical observations made during our stay on the shores ol the lake we h ave adopted 4,200 ft. tor its elevation above the Gulf of Mexico. In the first disappoint- ■ . —— 1 ment we felt from thedissip^ 1 * 011 . dream of the fertile islands, I called .*^ s Disappoint i- menl Island, “ Out of the drift wood, we made ourselves ; pleasant little lodges, open to the wau* r '. # i after having kindled large fires to exciu* *“ e , wonder of any straggling savage on the Ta./S® - shores, lay down lor the first time in a long jour ? ney in perfect security ; no one thinking about , his arms. The evening was extremely bright ’ and pleasant; but the wind rose during the , night, and the waves began to break heavily on I the shore, making our island tremble. I had ; not expected in our inland journey to hear the , roar of an ocean surf; and the strangeness of : our situation, and the excitement we felt in the • associated interest of the place, made this one i of the most interesting nights I remember dur ing our long expedition." From the Society Islands a letter is published in the Hartford Times, dated March 15th, which says that a fight took place between the French and the Natives, in which the French lost 400 men and the latter 80. The same letter adds the following intelligence;— There is row an army of natives, 8,000 strong, in sight. They are waiting for some move ments of the English and Americans, when they will attack the town now in possession of the French. It is thought that the French, who are much to be blamed for coming here and star ving the peaceable natives, driving them from their towns, will get the worst of it. I was on shore yesterday, and saw a great many of the French soldiers who were wounded in the last battle. Q.ueen Romaic has left the isle and gone to another. She restrains the natives of the other isles for the sake of peace, but they will soon rebel against her orders; they are strong, and will assist (heir brethren to rid the islands of the French usurped authority. The Brandywine and two English frigates are daily expected. The French have a frigate and a steamer here; and the English have one steamer, but the Frenchmen will not let her de part, because they will not salute their flag. They have threatened to fire into her if she did not. Some music is expected between the Eng lish and French when an additional English force arrives. Singular Phenomenon in the Gulf Stream. —The U. S. brig Washington, which left this port some weeks since, as was reported for the Gulf of Mexico, ivent no further than the Gulf Stream, where experiments weje made there by direction of Professor Bache, Supt. of the Coast Survey. Eflbrts were made to reach the bottom io the Gulf Stream, but a line of J 165 fathoms did not reach. At the depth of 550 fathoms, the temperature of the water was 44 degrees. These experiments are to be resumed, and at the next trip, line enough will be carried to reach the bottom, if there is any.— Cour. if. Enq. CO JPIERCI 4L. New York, September s— r. h The market shows no marked change to-day, and the business don* was small Exchanges are very quiet at 9| fa) 10 for Sterling, and 5.25 for Ftancs, with a good supply. Cotton —The late advices from Europe are consider ed on the whole rather favorable, and although the sales have been small, piices have undergone a alight improvement. There is a better selection now on the market than there has been for some lime past. The sales of the week reach to 5,850 bales, as follows: Upland <s‘ Florida. Mobile New Orleans. Inferior... none none. Ordinary fa) C| Gi (S 7 Middling 7 (a) 7* 7t (d) 7$ Middling fair 7| (3) 88 8 (a) 8f Fully fair 8J (d) | 8? 9 (d) 9f Fine nominal. nominal. Flour— The market with fair receipts ia steady at $4 75 for fresh brands Genessee. The demand from the trade is not very large, but takes about all the re ceipts of desiiable brands. There have been some or ders on the market both sot England and the Conti nent, but the former are generally limited so that they cannot be executed. There have been about 3300 bbla taken to-day for shipment, of which 1500 were for Havre and 500 for Germany. We note sales 500 bbla Troy at #4 75, and 750 do new Michigan at same rale. Chal*ston, Sept. 6* Arrived —C L barque Saranac, Carlton. Boeton; achr Zephyr, Wood, Havana ; schr Andrew Gray, Jurgens, Baracoa. Cleared —Schr VVaccamaw, Vincent, N Orleans. In the Offing—Sehr Harriet Porter, from Philadel phia. Savannah, Sept. 5. Arrived —Steamer Chatham, Gould, Augusta; steam er Hamburg, Philpot, Augusta. Cleared— Steamer Chatham, Gould, Auguste. Charleston, Sept. 0. Arrived— U L ship Charleston, Loveland New York ; M L schr Lady Warrington, Bterens, .Baltimore. Savannah, Sept. 8. Cleared —Ship Celia, Thatcher, New York. WILLIAM BEARING & SONS, Commission Merchants, slo-6w* Charleston, S. Carolina. IN TALIAFERRO Superior Court, —S ep ten) ber Term, 1845. LIBEL FOR DIVORCE—Sarah Jones vs. William Jones. It appearing to the court, upon the return of the sheriff, that William Jones, the defendant in the above case, is not to be found in the county <>f Taliaferro, it is therefore ordered by the couit: That service be oerfected on said Jones by pub lication of this rule once a month for tour months in the Chronicle and Sentinel, a public gazette in this state previous to the next term of the court; and that said defendant be required to appear and answer in said case, at the said next term of this court. [I do hereby certify that the above is a true extract from the minutes of said court, this Bth day of September, 1845.] JOHN T. BRISTOW, Deputy Sheriff: s!0-lam4m SCRiVEN County, Georgia: Whereas, Joseph W. Dicke.y, administrator on the estate of Joseph Dickey, deceased, applies to me for letters dismisaory: These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and anpear at my office, within the time prescribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why said letters should not be granted. Given under my hand at office in Jacksonboro, ALEXANDER KEMP, Clerk. September 10, 1845. SCKavEN County, Georgia; Whereas Mary M. Henderson applies to me for letters of administration on the estate of Wil liam M. Henderson, late of said county, de ceased: These arc therfore to cite and admonish, all and singular, the kindred and creditors of said de ceased to be and appear at my office, within the time prescribed by law, to show cause,if any they have, why said letters should not be granted. Given under my hand at office in Jacksonboro. ALEXANDER KEMP, Clark. September 10, 1845. _____ SCRIVEN County, Georgia: Whereas George R. Woodard applies to me for letters of administration on the estate of Jo seph Dell, late of said county, deceased: These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and singular, the kindred and creditors of said de ceased, to be and appear at my office, within the time prescribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why said letters should not be granted. Given under my hand at office in Jacksonboro. ALEXANDER KEMP, Clerk. September 10, 1846.