Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

A ' " , ■ 1,111 . . / i’fgi y$ > - /■,_•■.. ■-J y :f ™ _ a # £•> *V . .1 W. ,- W. s. JONES. AUGUSTA, GA„ SATURUAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 13.1R4A " 7," , „ . .A JJ"‘ "' ,lll "IJ" ~,g. .... -..- _ * ’ » yJla, lU^. FRIDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 12. Vermont Election.— Our returns are not sufficient to determine whether an election for Governor has been made by the people, as there were three candidates in tie field. The Legis lature is decidedly whig in both branches we think. lowa.—The majority for Dodge (deni.) for Congress is 519; the majority against the Con stitution is 317. Jldge Story.— The last accounts from Judge Story state that he was belter, and strong hopes ot his speedy recovery are entertained. Pennsylvania Debt.— The Treasurer of the State of Pennsylvania has issued a circular un der date ol the Ist inst., addressed to the collec tors of the several counties of the State, in which he urges upon them such action as will insure the prompt payment ofths interest on the State debt falling due on the first of February next. Business in New-York.— The Courier & Enquirer of Thursday says: “As an evidence of the commencement of the fall business of the city, we may state the fact that all the hotels are crowded with guesis, and hundreds ot new comers are every day obliged to make a general search throughout, the city for lodgings.— Three gentlemen from the South by the night train on Tuesday last, drove thus around town for a couple of hours, and succeeded at last in obtaining permission to stand in the urea ol one of our hotels! We presume they found better lodgings than lhis;-but the tact that all our ho tels and leading boarding houses are full and running over, is illustrated by the circum stance.” Anti-Rentism.—'Phe Delhi correspondent ot the Argus writes under date of September 4th, that, two companies had just returned, on * with six and the other with seven prisoners, making one hundred now in custody. The examinations before the Justice are continued, and arrests are made as fast as prisoners can be found. Most of those still at large, however, have absconded. The letter writer says that the landlords have embraced this opportunity to enforce the collec tion of back rents. On Tuesday a small com pany of about 20 men made a circuit through two adjoining towns, and served between 30 and 40 distress warrants. O’The first of the American Mai! Steam ships for Europe is now receiving cargo at. Bos ton for Liverpool. She is called the Massachu setts. one of Harnden & Co’s new line, propel ler, and will he able !o make the passage out in about fifteen days. The Post-office Depart ment is in treaty with the line for ihe transpor tation of the mail The date of sailing will probably be the 10 h anil 25th of each month from New York, and the 12th and 27th from Liverpool. O’ The Philadelphia Inquirer of the Gth inst. says: “Conversing yesterday with a gen tleman from the West, he deprecated a war with Mexico for various reasons. He said that the spirit in many sections of the Mississippi Valley, was one of activity, enterprise and ad venture, and if an excitement should be pro duced there by one or two battles with the Mex icans, and especially bv any outrages, alleged or real, committed bv that people against Amer ican citizens, little difficulty would he expe rienced in raising from 50.000 to 100 000 mount ed men to march through Mexico,” &c. Exportation of Wool.— There have been shipments of wool to England lately to the ex tent of 100,00 ) lbs., and there are further orders in market. The reason of these shinnents is, that wool can no where else be bought so cheap as in this country. Specie. —The amount of specie exported from during the month nl August was $549 126 —of which $385,634 went to Eng 'and, and sll9 651 to France. iff The Wilmington N. C. Chronicle savs: ““The turpentine distilled in this place last year is estimated at 200,000 biffs, worth $400,000. The raw material shipped, 75,000 hbis., valued 5168.000. Tar shinped. 30,000 bids., worth $15,000. Total $613,000. A tolerable res pectable revenue from one tree. Long live the evergreen pine, say we! ! The N. Y. Commercial, in its Money Arti cle, says that the amount of railways chartered at the late session of the British Parliament is nearly forty millions of pounds sterling, and those projected and either refused or delayed for I'Unre consideration amount to almost as much more. The lines which have been heretofore constructed and which are now in operation have most of them proved profitable invest ments, and command high premiums in the market. Ho! for California.— A project for cini gmtion to California has been conceived in Ar kansas, some of the details of which, says the Picayune, we find in the Little Rock Gazette, frntn ‘he pen of Mr D. G. W. Leavitt, of Na po con. The purpose of the projectors is to a company of one thousand—“a number efficient to give stability and permanency to 1 e settlement, and also to give it a commanding influence on the sparely settled coast.” It is proposed to send the families and freight oi ihe em, graots by sea from New Orleans. The )°ung men, and others who prefer it, to the overland route from Fort Smith to atlla an d thence to the Pracilic, which it is proposed to strike near the Bay of San Pern an- | do, in lat. 34°, there to meet the families going = by water. A site is then to be chosen, alter a f thorough exploration of (he coast, for a penna r nenl settlement. Mr. Leavitt eniers at length ; into the attractions and advantages which ■ California holds out to W T estern men, and pre dicts that ten years will see the coast of Califor nia well settled, and that beautiful country “the r ; great Southwestern Republic of No;lb Amer . ! ica.” A New kind of Light.—A new mode of procuring light has been communicated to the French Academy of Science, which is to ob tain and use the spirit resulting from the distil lation of wood. Four parts of this spirit are , I to be mixed with one part of essence of tnrpen , 1 line. i he London Times of the IBth contains a i very detailed account of the manner in which, j by special railway express, they published at | London the result of the election in Sunderland, 304 miles distant, in eight hours after the polls jcl osed! For a part of the distance the train ran ! at the rate of 75 miles per hour, but on account I * iof curves, &c , this speed could not be main : tained. Alter closing the polls, and while the 1 Mayor was declaring the result, a copy of (he Times was put into his hands, containing the full account! This proba dy is the greatest feat of the kind ever performed. O* On the Providence railroad there is said to have been an increase ol receipts often thou sand dollars in each of the months of July and August. I it r Jew.:'.— A Touching Incident,— A cor respondent of the Charleston Courier, wiiling from Newport, Rhode island, relates the follow ing touching incident in connection with the early history of the Israelites of that city, and the religious devotion manifested in the preser vation of their institutions by one of ihe deno mination who reveres the faith of his fathers: “The liberal policy of the founders of Rhode Island had drawn hither (to Newport) a com munity of wealthy and enterprising Israelites, who gave an impulse to its commerce. Now there is not a single Jewish family, nor one of their descendant, on the island; but their ancient and venerable synagogue still remains in perfect order, as i( prepared for their reception, and their cemeterv, with its monuments, walks and trees, is a model of neatness and elegance. Its stately gateway is occasionally opened to re ceive the remains of an Israelite from some dis tant place, whose last wish it may have been to rest here with his fathers. Even the Jewish siieet is still kept in perfect repair, through the munificence of a Jewish vnerchant, whose grand father was a Rabbi of this place. I notice, too, with pleasure, that the classical building ot the “Redwood Library” is undergoing a complete renovation at the expense of the same individu al, who is a citizen of New Orleans.” American Mechanics in Russia.— r l’he London Mining Journal gives a brief descrip tion of the gigantic Locomotive Establishment at St. Petershurgh, Russia, organized and di rected by Messrs. Harrison and Easlwick, for merly of Philadelphia, in conjunction, we be lieve, with Mr. Winans, of Baltimore It characterizes it as “the most extraordinary as well as gigantic Commercial Establishment which can be found in the history of the world, ancient or modern.” This establishment was called into operation (says the U S. Gazette,) to supply the number of Locomotives required for the great chain of railroads which the Emperor of Russia has directed to be constructed, (Major Whistler, a Bostonian, being Chief Engineer,) and it is s'> ■ huge in dimensions that three thousand five hun ■ dred operatives are employed in it. To keep order in this raised, massot Americans, English, Scotch, Irish, Germans and Russians, a com pany of soldiers is kept on duty in conjunction with a police force whose duties are confined to the works. If the operatives are refractory they are discharged, unless there happen to be Rus sians among them, and when they offend against the discipline of the place, they are immediately tied up to the triangles, soundly flogged and sent to work again, and this practice is continued notwithstanding Messrs. Harrison and Eastwick have strongly appealed against ii. When a man presents himself for employ ment at this establishment, his name is not asked, but he is presented with a medal, having on it a number. In the pay house are 3500 ■ wooden boxes, and when the laborer presents * I himself on Saturday night for his mot ey, it is 1 given to him, and the medal taken from him as ' a receipt. This medal is dropped into the box ! corresponding to its number, and a new medal j is given to the laborer as a pledge of employ | men; for another week. j It is interesting to hear of the operations of I 1 * 1 | our own citizens in distant places. It seemed ' | almost like a wild adventure when the large es- i tablishraent ot Messrs. Harrison and Eastwick r j iii Philadelphia was broken up and removed to i ' Russia, but we felt no fearofthe ultimate success : j of the enterprizing gentlemen to whom the ad ! | venture was given in charge, - | They had many obstacles to encounter, and j ! the work of ordering and disciplining the army ot men necessary to be employed was of itself Ino light or trivial matter. The preparation of " | machinery necessary to carry on the work and j indispensable in the manufacture of certain parts ’ of the Locomotive, must have been a laborious > j and anxious part of the undertaking, buta strong " j determination, a perfect knowledge of the busi '* j ness, and the continuance and generous support r j of the Autocrat have enabled them to surmount > t all obstacles, and move on in the steady regu- X larity of a well ordered, supplied, and arranged 5 establishment. ? A New Tom Thumb.— Gen. Tom Thumb j has been cast into the shade by the Emperor Tom Thumb—his features are said to be corn manding and expressive, and his figure well proportioned, his height two feet nine inches, s his age sixteen years, and finally he attained his - present stature when four years of age. 1 CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT. iSECOND EXPEDITION.— Continued. We have now to accompany Capt. Fremont and his hardy and adventurous companions on their homeward route; and, in doing so, we hardly know whether the courage which never qu,ailed before the dangers of that route, the perseverance which never faltered be fore obstacles apparently the most uncon querable, or the promptitude and never-fail ing resources which furnished the means by which courage and perseverance attained their j ends, are most to be admired. It is sufficient that their happy combination in this instance led to a successful and most valuable result. We arc confident that, whatever success may 1 ■ i attend the third expedition, those engaged in it will deserve to be successful. We look lor its return with increasing interest; confident that the aggregate production of the three expeditions of Capt. Fremont will be a source of more than common honor and fame to him and his wor thy fellow-laborers, and redound to the credit of the country'. We took leave of the expedition, in our last notice, at the “ Dalles” of the Columbia, about fifteen miles below the falls of that river, where Capt. F. had collected a simply of provisions sufficient for his party for not less than thre months, also some live entile. The number o“ horses and mules mustered 104, for “(hesuste nance of which, our reliance (savs the Captain) was upon the grass which we should find, and the soft porous wood which was to be lhe sub stitute when there was none.” The expedition commenced its homeward march on the 25 T. of November. “At the in quest of Mr. Perkins,” one of the missionaries at the Dalles— “A Chinook Indian, a lad of nineteen, who was extre - ely anxious to -see the whites, ’ and make some acquaintance with our institu tions, was received into the party, under rnv especial charge, with Ihe understanding that I would again return him to his frien Is. He had lived for some time in the househo’d of Mr. Perkins and spoke a few words of the English language.” The first object which attracted Capl. Fre mont’s attention was Tlamath lake; the route of the expedition was therefore almost directly south. On the 30th the narrative furnishes the following interesting scientific information: “Continuing a few miles up the bank of the river, wc encamped earlv in an open bottom among the pines, a short distance below a lodge of Hie Indians. Here, along the river the bluff presents escarpments seven or eight hundred feet in height, containing strata of a very fine porcelain clay, overlaid, at the height of about five hundred feet, bv a massive stratum of ha salt one hundred feet in thickness, which is again succeeded above bv another strata of vol canic rr cks. The clay strata are variously colored, some of them very nearly as white as cha'k, and very fine grained. Specimens brought from these have been subjected to microscopi cal examination bv Professor Bailey, of West. Point, and are considered bv him to constitute one of the most remarkable deposites of fluvia tile infusoria on record. While they abound in genera and species which are common in fresh water, hut which rarely thrive where the water is even brackish, not one decidedly ma rine form is to be found among them; and their fresh water origin is therefore hevond a doubt. It is equally certain that thevjlived and died at the situation where they were found, as they could scarcely be transported by running water without an admixture of sandy particles; from which, however, they are remarkably free.— Fossil infusoria of a fresh water origin had been previously detected by Mr. Bailey in speci mens brought by Mr. James D. Dana from the tertiary formation of Oregon. Most of the spe cies in those specimens differed so much from 'hose now living and known, that he was led to infer that thev might belong to extinct spe cies, and considered them also as affording proof of an alternation, in the formation from which thev were obtained, of fresh and salt wa terdeposites, which, common enough in Europe, had not hitherto been noticed in the United States. Homing evidently from a locality en tirely different, our specimens show very few snecies in common with those brought lay Mr. Dana, but bear a much closer resemblance to those inhabiting ihe northeastern Stales. It is impossible that they are from a more recent de posite; hui the presence of a few remarkable forms which are common to the two localities renders it more probable that there is no great difference in their age.” The latitude of this place is 44 deg. 35 min. 23 sec., longitude 121 deg. 10 min. 25 sec. After travelling a distance of 25 miles from the Dalles of the Columbia, principally through a sandy pine forest, on December 10— “The country began to improve; and about 11 o’clock wc reached a spring of cold watet on the edge of a savannah, or grass}' meadow, which our guides informed us was an arm of the Tlamath lake; and a lew miles further we entered upon an extensive meadow or lake of grass, surrounded by timbered mountains. This was the Tlamath lake. It was a picturesq le and beautiful spot, and rendered more attractive to us bv the abundant and excellent grass, which our animals, after travelling through pit e forests, so much neede ; but the broad sheet of water which constitutes a lake was not to be seen.— Overlooking it. immediately west, was several snowy knobs, belonging to what we have con sidered a branch of the Cascade range. A low point covered with pines madeout into Ihe lake, which afforded us a good place for an encamp ment, and for the security of our horses, which were guarded ir view on (he open meadow. The character of courage and hostility attribu ted to the Indians of this quarter induced more than usual precaution ; and, seeing smokes ri sing from the middle of the lake (or savannah) and along the opposite shores, f directed the howitzer to he fired. It was the first time our guides had seen it discharged; and the bursting ot the shell at a distance, which was something like the second fire of the gun, amazed and be wildered them with delight. It inspired them with triumphant feelings; but on the camps at a distance the effect was different, for the smokes in ihe iake and on the shore immediately disap peared. “The point on which we were encamped forms, with the opposite eastern shore, a nar row neck, connecting the body of the lake with a deep cove or bay which receives the principal affluent stream, and over the greater part of which the water (or rather ice) was at this time dispersed into shallow pods. Among the grass, and scattered over the prairie lake, appeared to [he similar marshes, it is simply a shallow i nasm, which, fur a short period at the time of I ineliing snous, is covered with water from the i neighboring mountains; but this probably soon | rnnsofi, and leaves lorthe remaicier ofthe year j a gneen savannah, through the midst of which l the river Hamath, which flows to the ocean 1 w ’‘ n( V? l£s kVa - v ,0 ihe outlet on the southwestern | side.” | December 11. We have the following in leiestiag particulars relative to the Tlamath Indians: “ When we had arrived within half a mile (»i ihe vi.Lige, two persons were seen ad vane j mg to mea' us; and 10 please the fancy ot ou r guides, wc ranged ourselves into a long line riding abreast, while they galloned ahead to meet the Hangers. “\v e vere surprised, on riding up, to find i ” ne ** woman, having never before know n a squaw to take any panin the business of war. They were the village chief and his wife, who.in excitement and alarm at the un usual even and appearance, had come out to meet the? l - late together. The chief was a very prepossessing Indian, with very handsome features, and a singularly soft and agreeable voice—s» remarkable as to attract general no tice. “The hiU.s were grouped together on the bank of the river, which, from being spread out in a shallow marsh at the upper end of the lake, was collected here into a single stream. They were large tound huts, perhaps2o fee; in diamp ler, with minded tops, on which was the door bv which tiey descended into the interior.— Within, tluy were supported by posts and , beams. “Almost like plants, these people seem to have adapUll themselves to the soil, and lo be growing on what ihe immediate locality ass ord ed. Their only subsistence at this lime ap peared to bn a small fish, great quantities ol which, thathad been smoked and d' ied, were suspended nn strings about the lodge. Heaps of straw woe lying around; and their residence in the mid/t of grass and rushes had taught them a peculiar skill in converting this mate rial to useful purposes. Their shoes were made of slfaw or grass, which seamed well adapted folia snowy country; and the worn n wore on Weir head a closely woven basket, which male a very good cap. Among other things, wefe parti-colored mats about four feel square. w|ich we purchased to lay on the snow under our blankets, and to use for table cloths. “Numbers of singular-looking dogs, resem bling wolfes, were sitting ou (he tops of the hills; andjof these we purchased a young one, which, after its birthplace, was named Tlamath. The language spoken by these Indians isdiffer ent from (bat of (h? Slioshoncc and Columbia tribes; and otherwise than by signs they can not understand each other. They made us comprehend that they were at war with the people who lived to the southward and to flic eastward; hut 1 could obtain from them no cer tain information. The river on which they live enters the Cascade mountains on the western side of the lake, and breaks through them by a passage impracticable for travellers; but over the mountains, to the northward, are passes wl-ieh present no other obstacle than in the most impenetrable forests. Unlike any Indians we had previously seen, these wore shells in their noses. We returned to our camp, alter re maining here an hour or two, accompanied hy a number of Indians. “ fn order to recruit a little the strength of out animals, and obtain some acquaintance with the locality, we remained here for the remain der of the day. Bv observation, the latitude of the camp was 42° 56 min. 51 sec., and the diameter of the lake, or meadow, as has been intimated, about 20 miles. It is a picturesque n-d lieantifnl spot ; and, under the hand of cul tivation, might become a little paradise. Game is fin tut in the forest; timbered and snowy mountains skirt it, and fertility characterizes it. Situated near the heads of three rivers, and on the line of inland commnnica ion with Califor nia, and near to Indians noted for treachery, it will r a totally, in the progress of the settlement of Oregon, become a point lor military occupa tion and settlement. “From Tlamath lake, Ihe further continua tion of nnr voyage assumed a character 0 J (jjg. coverv and exploration, which, from the Indians here, we could obtain no information to direct, and where the imaginary maps of the country, instead of assisting, exposed us lo suffering and defeat. In our jnnrnev across the desert, Mary’s lake, and the famous Buenaventura river, were two points on which I relied to recruit the animals and repose the party. Forming, agree ably to the best maps in mv possession, a con nected water-line from the Rockv Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, I felt no other anxiety than to pass safely across the intervening desert to the banks of the Buenaventura, where in the softer climate of a more southern latitude, onr horses might find grass to sustain them, and our selves be sheltered from the rig <rs of winter and from the inhospitable desert. The guides who had conducted us thus far on our journey were about to return ; and I endeavored in tain to obtain others to lead us, even for a few days, in the direction (east) which we wished to go. The chief to whom I applied alleged the want ol horses, and the snow on the mountains across which onr course would carry us, and the sick ness of his family, as reasons for refusing so go with us.” On the 13th, however, “in the midst of the wood, we heard Ihe sound of galloping horses, am! were agreeably surprised by the unexpected arrival of our Tlamath chief, with several In dians. He seemed to have found his conduct inhospitable in letting the strangers depart with out a guide through the snow, and had come, with a few others, to pilot us a day or two on the wav.” On the 14th the party struck a stream, which subsequent information satisfied Capt. F., was the principal branch ofthe "Sacramento river; and, consequently, that this main affluent of the hay of San Francisco had its source w ithin the limits of the United States, and opposite a tributary to the Columbia, and near the head of the Tlamath river, which goes to Ihe ocean norlh of42°,and within the United States.” “December 15.—A present, consisting of use ful goods, afforded much satisfaction to our guides; and, showing them the national flag, I explained t hat it was a symbol of our nation; and thev engaged always to receive it in a friend ly manner. The chief pointed out a course, hv following which, we would arrive at the big water, where no more snow was to be found.” On the Ifith of December we have the follow ing vivid description ofthe position of the ex pedition, and of the scenery which surrounded them: “We travelled this morning through snow about three feet deep, which, being crusted, very much cut the feet ofour animals. The moun tain still gradually rose; we crossed several spring headscovered with quaking asp; other wise it was all pine forest. The air was dark with falling snow, which everv where weighed down the trees. Ihe depths of the forest were profoundly still, and below we scarce felt a breath of the wind which whirled the snow through theirhranches. I found that it requir ed some exertion of constancy to adhere steadi- ’ |y through the woods, when we w ere uncertain j how tar the forest extended, or what lay bevond; land, on account of our animals, it would be bad to spend another night on the mountain, •towards noon the forest looked clear ahead, appearing suddenly to terminate, and beyond a certain point we could see no trees. Ridingra pidly ahead to this spot, we found ourselves on tne verge of a vertical and rocky wall of the mountain. At our feet—more than a thousand feet below-—we looked in a green prairie coun try, in wniefa a beautiful lake, some twenty miles in length, was spread along the loot of the mountains, its shores bordered with green grass. Just then the sun broke out among the clouds, and illuminated the country below while around us the storm raged fiercely. Not a particle of ice was to be seen on the lake, or snow on its borders, and all was like summer or spring. The glow of the sun in the valley below brightened up our hearts with sudden pleasure, and Ave made the woods ring with joyful shouts to those behind; and gradually, as each came up, he stopped to enjoy the un expected scene. Shivering on snow three feet deep, and stiffening in a cold norlh wind, we exclaimed at once that the names of Summer Lake and Winter Ridge should be applied to these tAvo approximate places of sudden and violent contrast. “ We were now immediately on the verge of the forest land, in which we had been travelling so many days; and, looking forward to the easij scarce a lice was to be seen. Viewed from our elevation, the face ofthe country exhibited only rocks and grass, and presented a region in which the artertmsia became the principal wood, fur nishing to its scattered inhabitants fuel for their fires, building material for their huts, and shel ter for the small game which ministers to their hunger and nakedness. Broadly marked by the boundary ot the mountain wall, and immediate ly below ns, were the first waters of that great interior basin which has the Wahsatch and Bear river mountains for its eastern, and ihe Sierra Navada lor its western rim, and the edge of which we had entered upwards of three months bcferc at the Great Salt Lake. “ When we had sufficiently admired the scene below, we began to think about descending, which here was impossible, and we turned to wards the north, travelling always along the rocky wall. Wc continued on four or five miles, making ineffectual attempts at several places; and at length succeeded in gelling down at one which was extremely difficult of descent. Night had closed in before the foremost reached the bottom, and it avus dark before we all found ourselves together in ihe valley. There were three or lour half dead dry cedar liccs on the shore, and those who first arrived kindled bright fires lo light on the others. One ol the mules rolled over and over (wo or three hundred feet into a ravine, but recovered himself, without any other injury than to his pack; and the how itzer was left midway the mountain until morn ing. By observation the latitude of tbiseucamp ment is 12 deg. 57 min. 22 sec. It delayed us until near noon the next, day to recover our selves and put every thing in order; and we made only a short camp along t ho western shore ol the lake, Avhich, in the summer temperature we enjoyed to-day, justified the name vve had given ir. Onr course would have taken us to the other shore, and over the highlands beyond ; but 1 distrusted the appearance of (he country, and decided to follow a plainly beaten Indian trail leading along this side of the lake. We were now in a country where the scarcity of water and of grass makes travelling dangerous, and great caution was necessary.” On Christmas day the party had made a tour of 460 miles from the Dalles, and Avere in lati tude 42 deg. 00 min. 09 sec. and longitude (about) 12) deg., consequently on the division-line be tween Oregon and Mexico. The narrative says: “We were roused on Christmas morning by a discharge from the small arms and howitzer, with which our people saluted the day, and the name of which we bestowed on the lake. It was ihe first time, perhaps, in this remote and desolale region, in which it had been so com memorated. A1 ways, on days of religious or national commemoration, our voyageurs ex pect some unusual allowance; and, having nothing else, I gave them each a little brandy, (which was carefully guarded, as one ol the most useful articles a traveller can carry,) with some coffee and sugar, which here, where every eatable was a luxury, was sufficient to make them a feast. The day was sunny and warm ; and, resumingour journey, wc crossed some slight dividing grounds into a similar basin, walled in on Ihe right by a lofty mountain ridge. The plainly beaten trail still continued, and oc casionally we passed camping grounds of the Indians, which indicated to me that wc were on oneof the great thoroughfares of the country. In the afternoon I attempted to travel in a more eastern direction; but, after a few laborious miles, was beaten back into the basin bv an im passible country. There were fresh Indian tracks about the valley, and last night a horde was stolen. We encamped on the valley bot tom, Avhere there was some cream-like water in in ponds, colored by a clay soil and frozen over. Chenopodiaceous shrubs constituted the growth, and made again our firewood. The animals were driven to the hill, where there was tolera bly good grass ” Patrick Henry.— ln “Howe’s Historical collections ol Virginia,” a work recently pub lished, and one ot no ordinary degree of inter est for its many interesting reminiscences of the early limes and the distinguished men of the old Dominion, are related some very inter esting incidents of the great Orator. His opposition to the American Constitution is well known, and as many of his declarations in the Convention seem to have been imbued with the spirit of prophecy, the following opin ion of his is not without interest. “ He was opposed to the adoption of the Fede ral Constitution because he thought it gave too much power tu the General Government; and in conversation with the father ol a late venera ble Senator from Prince Edward he remarked with emphasis ; ‘The President ofthe United States will always come in at the head ola party. He w ill be supported in all his acts by a parly. You do not now think much of the patronage ol the President; but the day is coming when it will be tremendous, and from this power the country may sooner or later fall.’” The following anecdote is given concerning one of his most important legal arguments: “ In the British debt cause, of Avhich Wirt gives a full account, Mr. Henry made great preparation. He shut himself in his office (or three days, during which he did not see his family; his food being handed by a servant through the office door. The Countess of Huntington, then in this country, was among the auditors, ami remarked, after bearing the arguments ofthe several speakers, ‘that if every one of them had spoken in Westminister Hal! they would have been honored with a peerage.’ This case, says Wirt, was discussed with so much learning, argument, and eloquence as to have placed the bar of Virginia, in the estima- i tion ol the Federal judges, (if the repwrls ol ihe ; day may be accredited,) above all ft. tr^ ; United States. Mr. Henry on Uito • had a diamond ring on his finger, cftJ o-hiJa h-j . was speaking the Countess erelauocd & i Judge, (Iredell,) who bad sever before ijeertl him, ‘The diamond is blazing!’ <St£ci&po God,’ replied he, die is an orator iadoed.’ In this cause he injured his voice *;> ton it o4vc.ir recovered its original power.” First Manufacture of Sugar? iu We are indebted to me courtesy ol r tric.:d-Cor a pamphlet copy of an Oration deliverasi before the “ Agricultural and Mechanics’ Amo&l Uou of Louisiana,” by Judge P. A. Rost, ou >3 l&tj May last, from which we extract the foilocisr interesting and humorous description of the fir a “ graining ” of Sugar in Louisiana: “There is a strong analogy between the cul tivation of the vine in middle France, anti that of the cane in Louisiana. During the £r-.t cen turies ol the Christian era, there was eo r’iae produced in France, except Marseilles wVk-. More Southern Europe and the Isles of !?.:eec» were then the wine growing regions. Jb >&.•? course ol time, the monks 0! -.f Champaign, and of Burgundy, God bloc-;, thera! transplanted the vine to the shelter oi »fc.~ 1; vent walls. Their efforts weie (or u lolJ tir-T unsuccessful, but they persevered, aedtf e oto£?; saints of those datk ages took « coaspicootri part in the good work. At hist their grcr-s*i i:- lained maturity; they tasted the juice ;*c;’ it was good. Wine was subsequently vairdY vs >t, and it iseas}- to conceive the joy of tksej holy men, when champaign first sparkled ro their board, when the vintages of r'iedoc ao'3 Burgundy replaced in their cellars the- foe beverages of Provence. The cultivctios cf tS vine continued to increase and to improve, but the increase was so slow that wine was not im ported from Bordeaux to foreign countries, til? some lime in the twelfth century, find noc*. sir, the great wine region of the world, is that very portion of France, in which the introduc tion of the vine was the work of centuris&. “ How is it with the sugar cane in Louisiana 1 It was introduced here at an early day fry-Ri fh> West Indies, and cultivated (o a small igtem f d 1 erre aux Boeafs, and in the neighborhood of New Orlc ns. No body at first imagined (h3t sugar could be made of it. The juice wot boiled into syrup, which sold at cstTOvCfWßt prices. In 1790, Mr. Bore, residing Q fro- rnP-'vj above New Oilcans, a man reputed for TO dur ing, and his energy, formed (ho desfpre-p mccOi of making sugar. He increased bis eulrhgt!- tion, put up the necessary buildings std chinery, and procured a sugar maker fffj West Indies. The day appointed for th> on-pori ment was come, and the operation ooz- mdar way. The inhabitants of New Orloeft* esd e»f the coast had assembled there in But they remained outside ol the buildup *? a respectable distance from tbs sOsar sfeokcr?, whom they looked upon as a sort of rair.Jl<Jk>Q. The first strike came, and be said nothing; rids , tl cy thought fatal, but still they remarried to the spot. The second strike wr.s oyg; \ sugar maker carefully stirred the href, -tjnd advancing toward the assembled croc.d, fold them with all the gravity of his craft, “Gootlo men, it grains!” “it grains!” was rented by all. They rushed in to see the bonder, cud when convinced of the fact, scattered in fill di rections, greeting every body they rpfct, Mti “It grains!” And from the Balizeto rb-3 Db buque, from the Wabash to the Yellow t tnrso, the great, the all absorbing rex?* :>} 5 eclcO? was, that the juice of the cane bed pc?*s©d h*b Lower Louisiana. It did grain, it has cof-ifessd to grain; it has grained the last of ths rate of two hundred and fifteen niilmec of pounds, and if no untoward tctioß es pi#-* fo ment prevents it, in ten years it c ill (rod\ ro (fej extent of much more than double tbtt qih-uflry. Prepare therefore to meet foreign conrjfo;?t»o';, 1 tell you we can do so, as well as the vyte? ers of France, provided we improve the rk~*e that is left us, and remain true to ths £pir>t our national race. “ The innate faculty of our people to C;>t>dse the physical world, their energy cad e-slf-r-ali* ance, their habitual disregard fd'discou* for! cullies and dangers, have made other fcc?i'C3 say of us, (hat we alone could icwtil bf-rorsyj V J the common pursuits of life. With fcf-fofs ds termination then, speed Ihe plough; hoc? fr* mind that to go ahead with >ut Ytrcr taiir-y diffi culties into the account, cini! by that C!*ct!s to succeed wlien others dsr« on! undertake, t? em phatically the American Systum.” Correspondence of the Phila. fferih faerim. Nrw-Yor«, Sept. *7— p. 1. Merchants arc now congratulatiK^the or.? slvCS upon the breaking upof a ecst of swindlers cbo have been obtaining mosey end goodi OodTi false pretences, by answering to vuh characters. Some fji>o,ooo bad been recovcssd,, and great hopes oi getting much mure. The week closes wilhoul ciueh to fi-uit it. Stocks have steadily improved, but dote tnkJf in favor of buyers, in some 9 1 ihft fesgljrjj staples an advance has been obtained. Coital if full £ cent firmer on all qualities, vrith a gfoccl amount of business. Curious Relic.—We have at cur pftice, Of* the Cincinnati -gazelle a pocket tookofverk’usß workmanship, which once bcloaftd to s3jr. FrankUn, and ol rrhich he msd? .5 prr-:.*ot his friend Thomas Karrc?; gf;d fhr* theniicatcd hisforv of which r« frjtccd l*> He prj sent owner, Mr. James Wheel-©right. as an heir loom from Thomae rfrrvtrr, tt» iO lineal descendant, the late t7r. Sdo ,< w} > I’hc year 1753 is stamped in utrcOff b*>ribT) figures upon t!ie inside leather.—Si 5 enrd BOSTON is beautifully embr. red or <»»•« of’ the outside covers, and ihe leather is be ol that endurable texture y*hicfi Lrt lor another century ?n one of the folds we found a sac simile of Dr. Franklin’s letter -o s?r. Strahan, the King’s Printer, of which th* fal lowing is a copy: Pmo abelpiha , July sth, 1775. Mr. Strahan , —You are a Member of Parlia ment, and one of that Majority widely has doomed my Country to destruction. You have begun to burn our Towns and murder our peo ple. Look upon your Sfands! They at*, stained with the Blood of your Relations ! Ton and 1 were long Friends: —You now my Encmv,~and I tim i, ,^ T — —thw ii ‘.wi ri> 'jiutirr sL’tor**** ~~ " * gv; tug^^ nW4t J ®55»- ii Arrived —Ship J»ni«s CV»hh. t.ivafpc«!; U-YO bnc Washincion. Monrnr. Cleirrd —Brij; Tower, flranthnn. New ; C>re»fVr Morning Sawyer, Nassau, (N P.) SAVAMNAO.nspt. 1-1. Olenrr.d —Brig Maria I, Tlitl. Uncos. NrX? Vark. ST. PATRICK’S T.r% by Cbaf!e* I.ever, complete—piicc (> cents. Zoe, or the History of Two Lives, by Geral dine Endsor Jewburv—price 25 cents. Just re ceived hy je2 T. RICHARDS.