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ifci-lUcchli) Chronicle & Sentinel by william s. Jones Othromcle emit Smttnel. AUGUSTA, Gr A • THURSDAY MORNING, .. OCT. 9,1851. SAMPKL BARNETT, Associate Editor. The Importation of Slaves. We hare heard bat one voioe in relation to the law of last session, removing the restric ticni upon the importation of slaves into this Sta’e, for the purpose of sale. That voice has been— Repeal — Repeal. The re-establishment of the old law will probably be one of the earliest acts of the Legislature. Os the men who voted for the repealing statute of last year a large proportion are now convinced of the impolicy of their action. Feeling indeed much more than policy, had to do with the enactment of the present law. Never was a disastrous law more singular ly ill timed. When Cotton was high and sprices inflated, and the tendency to buy already jexcessive, the facilities were at one stroke immeasurably increased and the temptation brought home to every man’s door. The extension of credit, as well as the presence of temp’ation, enharced the number of purcha ses. The man who could not pay the whole in cash, would not go abroad for a Negro, bat might be induced to purchase part for cash and part on credit. The scum and offscouring of the jails, the refractory, from other S.ates poured into Georgia, in vastly more than their due proportion to the sound in body and conduct The demand might be sufficient to bring in some of the sound mi terial, but we wore sure to get the scum. It was an importation of an alloy of vine and ill conduct for our own slaves. For these Negroes, we paid in cash or its equivalent. Prices were controlled not by the price Cotton would bear the next year, and the years thereafter, but by that it had borne the previous year. Instead of being pur chased at aveiage prices, they brought rates not known before, since the last great revolu tion in trude. The money went out, and wo had the slaves as the equivalent. Now mark the effect. If those slaves, bought at the rate of from SI,OOO to $l,lOO fora Negro fellow, should all remain in the S ate, the average prise being from S6OO to sß<H)> the loss on each fellow was S3OO to S4OO. The average price is the truo criterion of the value of the labor to the State. Out this is not all the loss When Cotton is high, inferior qualities of land can be cultivat ed profitably. When it sinks in price, ths same land does not remunerato for the labor expended on it. The Negroes themselves— or others displaced, by them —are carried off in search of richer lands. Georgia loses not only the difference between high and average prices, but the property purchased itself. The same capital devoted to manufacturing purposes—to the completion o p our Railroad system —to the improvement of our lands—to the construction of better inuses—to improve ment in our mode of living—would have been fattened to the soil. It would have become part of the material wealth of the State, or, at least, have contributed to the gratification of the people in an improved condition of life. At no time in our history could the change have been more uufortonate. For many year*, with slight interruptions, the prohibition had prevailed. At one time for five years, and at another for one year only, the prohi bition had been suspended. Since 1829 it bed been in force until 1812, when it was repealed, and the repealing law itself ropealed at the very next session in 1843. We believe the experience of the past two years, will prevent its suspension at any future time during the remembrance of the present gene ration. Millions of money have left the State, for slaves whose characters are below the average, \ and who will not remain perman?n!ly in the State to compensate for the capital they have displaced. We trust that the prohibitory law will be reinstated, and that the standing and correct policy of the State will not again be lightly interfered with. Exports op the Produce and Manufac tures ok the United States.— ln the annual report of Mr. Robert J. Walker, late Secretary of the Treasury, dated the Bth of December, 1847, will be found the following estimates of the exports of tho produce and manufactures of the United States to foreign countries : ‘By table BB.it appears 'hat the augmenta tion of our domestic export, exclusive of specie, last year, compared with tho preceding, was $48,856,602, or upwards of 48 percent.; and at the same rate pet cent per annum of augmenta tion would amount in 1849, per table CC, to $329 959 993. n In table CC of that report, the domestic ex ports ol the United States, exclusive of specie, are stated and estimated as follows : Actual. 1846 $101,718,042 1847- 150,674,844 Estimated. 1848 222,898,350 1849 329,958.993 1850 488,445 056 1 —51,041,303,399 The official statements show that these exports were in 1848 .$132,934,121 1849* 132,666,955 18*0 134,900,265 $640,802,058 The difference between tho estimate of Mr. Walker, and the result in this period of only three years, is six hundred and forty millions of dollars. — Republic. Railroad Junction. —We have great pleasure in publisbinglthe news of the junction of the Central and Southwestern Railroads at Macon. Our friends in the Southwestern part of the Slate will feel that ther are in deed our brethren, closely linked. We learn that the junction with the Macon & Western Road is fait progressing, and wifbe completed on the first of the ensuing month. The friends of internal improvement will hail this great step in our means of rapid transportation, with great joy.— Sav. Rep. Money Bubbles. The moat famous of the kind, says the N. O. Bulletin, appeared almost contemporane ously in France and England, in the eighteenth century, and were known as tne Mississippi and Sonth Sea schemes. The Journal of Com merce seems to recognise in our lavish and prodigal expenditure of money, a family like ness between the present condition of the country, and that of France, during the preva lence of the Mississippi mania. Our design is not to detect any similitade, but simply to chronicle, as agreeable reading, some of the particulars of those two great schemes, which so infatuated and possessed the public mind, of the two most enlightened nations of the wort h as to have threatened to unhinge the political and social condition of Europe, and involve the whole Continent in a general bankruptcy.— First in order, as well in regard to priority and magnitude, was the Mississippi scheme. The author of this magnificent bubble and stupen dous fraud, was John Law, the son of a rich banker of Edinbnrg, in which city he was born in 1671. He was a man of fine abilities, ar d particularly skilled in mathamatics, and inti mately acquainted with all matters relating to banking and finance. He possessed, in an extraordinary degree, the qualifications of a handsome person, and an unusual fund of wit and generous animal spirits. He abandoned the pursuits of his calling, banking, and became a fashionable and successful gambler, and from his superior add'ess and companionable habits, he readily obtained the entre to the best society in London. Engaging iu a duel, in which he killed his adversary, he was compelled to fly to the Continent, where he still sustained his for mer reputation, of an accomplished gentleman, and most successful gambler, still associating with the highest personages. Law was ths gieat projector of a paper currency, and was anxious to commence his expjriment of a Back with paper issues in one of the small States of Italy, tho Prince of which made this significant answer to Mr. Law’s proposition: “No, Mr. Law; 1 am by far too poor a potentate to be ruined; but, if I know the French, they are exactly the people with whom you will suc ceed ” Law eventually came to the same conclusion: and in 1714 he removed to Paris, mingling again with the best society. Upon the death of Louis XIV and the acccs sion of the Duke of Orleans to the Regency, the money affairs of France were involved -n the most frightful confusion, and a national bankruptcy seemed to be inevitable The natonal debt amounted to 3,111 000,000 livres (£.-22,000,000 sterling), bearing an interest of 86,000,C00 livres (above £6,000,000 sterling.) At this juncture, this bank theorist opportunely made his appearance, and proposed to relieve France of ali her difficulties. It is worth while to dwell a little upon the arguments with which he pressed his grand idea of a paper circula tion; they are the same that are used now a days by the advocates of an irresponsible paper currency. Gold, silver, copper, or any othor kind of coinage, he ssid, are not real wealth; they are only signs or representatives of real wealth, and derive their value from publis confidence. It does not matter, therefore, what the kind of coinage be which a nation agrees to ÜBe; paper coinage or a leather coinage is as good as a metallic one. A metal lic coinage does not cot stitute real riches, but is valuable only be-ause the public choose to consider it valuable; and if the public will only do the same with paper notes, then paper notes will be on equality with gold and silver coin. What is s louis d’or but a b ink note, only made of gold; or a crown, but a bank note, only made of silver? It does not signify, therefore, what a nation chooses to consider money, be it even oyster shells; for such will serve as a sign or representa’ive of real wealth, the same as a piece of metal. I t is not worth while to refute these obvious fal lacies. Gold, if it does not of itself constitute real wealth, is relatively of more value than paper; —it is a precious metal, and useful in the arts ; it is scarce, and obtained with difficulty, at great cost of time and labor ; while paper, also a use ful commodity, from its cheap production, has an infinitely less intrinsic value. The precious metals are dear substances; paper is a cheap substance. The value of a metallic currency is therefore not so liable to fluctuation as one en tirely of paper. Furthermore, paper money, to be a safe circulating medium, must represent real wealth, and not extend beyond the legiti ma'e demands of circulation. The proposition of Law wns to establish a National Bank, whiejh should issue notes on the basis of landed prop erty and of the State’s revenues; it was a capi tivatingone, and although rejected by the Coun cil of Finance, was highly favored by the Re gent, through whose influence he obtained leave to establish a private bank. The institution was so successful, that in the course of three years it became, what It was originally designed to be, a national institution, but from being a mere bank, it became a gigantic commercial company, and this was the germ of the Missis sippi scheme or bubble, of v hich Law was the chief manager. We have condensed from Chambers’ Miscel lany a history of this stupendous fsaud: “ In 1717, an institution was estabbshed un der the directorship of Mr. Law, called the “Company of the West,” or more commonly the Mississippi Company : to which arrant was made of tho whole oi that tract of land on the American continent through which the Missis sippi flows —such at the time being French property. Tho s.ock consisted of 200,000 shares at 500 livres each. On the 4th of September, 1718, the farm of tobacco wrs made over to this Company for a consideration ; three months afterwards it acquired the charter and proper'y of the Senegal company; and in May, 1719, it obtained from the regent a monopoly of trade with the East Indies, China, and the South Seas, on condition of paying the debts of ll;o East India Company, then dissolved. Thus enlarged, the Company abandoned the name of the “ Company of the Indies,” at the same time creating 50,000 additional s! ares at an increased price. Nor was this all. In July, 1719, the Mint was made over to tho Company of the In dies for a sum of money; in August following, the farming of the whole taxes of the nation was purchased by the Company ; and the privi lege of receiving other branches of the revenue quickly followed—so that before the end of the year 1719) the Company of the Indies had incorporated within itself nearly all the commer cial enterprises of the nation. Law was thus the'director and manager ol two great national institutions—the Royal Bank and tho colossal trading company called the Company of tho Indies. In February, 1720, these two were uni ted j and Law,.-the founder of both, became the most powerful man in France. Between tho date of the incorporation of the two concerns and the Ist of May, 1720, she bank ordered a I fresh issue of notes to the amount of 1,696.- 400,000 livres, making the total quantity issued amount to the enormous sum of 2 696,400,000 1 livres. “ The end of the year 1719, and the beginning of the year 1720, was a period of wild infatuation. The frenzy extended to all ranks and classes. 1 The shares soon rose to 5600 livres each. The state creditors being paid in bank notes, such a quantity of paper was throwninto circulation that ji could be disposed of in no other way than by the purchase of East India stock; and the com- 1 petition of these purchases against each other increased the price of shares still more rapidly. AUGUSTA, GA. FRIDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 10, 1851, In November, 1719 they were sold at 10,000 livres each, or at twenty times the original price. “So sudden and rapid was the rise of the price of shares, that enormous fortunes were made in the course of a few days, and many in stances are recorded of peisons in the lowest ranks oflife suddenly realising immense wealth Money circulated in profusion, the lower classes indulged in luxuries previously unattainable, and the nrice of commodities rose without in jury to the people. The ell o ( cloth, which had sold for fifteen livres, now sold for fifty ; and the pound of coffee rose from fifty sols to eigh teen livres. Wages rose accordingly. In the course of three months, the silversmiths of Paris had r°ceived orders for, and manufactured above £7,000,000 worth of plate. Paris was crowded with foreign visitors, who had come to speculate in the stocks. No f)wer than 305,000 stran gers are said to have been living in Paris in No vemi er, 1719, and many of them were cbliged to live in granaries and lofts, there not being suffi cient house accommodation for them all. The promcnaders in the streets were clothed in velvet and gold; and the winter of 1719-2 P, was more brilliant than the finest summer ever seen before. “ Thebubble, however, was already full blown. The credit of the bank and of the India Com pany was at its heisrhtin the months of November and December, 1719, and January, 1720, when shares In the Company were selling at 10,000jffrres each. Such was the abundance of money hi the bark, that it offered to lend sums of any amounte on | roper security, at an interest oi only 2 per. cent. Now, however, a drain of specie from the bank began tube discernible. Numbers of per son possessed of stock in this Company—either, foreseeing disaster, or haunted with a vague suspicion that so prosperous a state of things could not last long—began to sell out and con vert their shares into gold and silver, and othsr precious commodities, which they either hoarded up, or sent secretly out of the country. Various stock-jobbers remitted hundreds of thousands of louis d’ors to England. These examples were imitated by others; for nothing is more con contagious than fear; and in a short time 500,- 000,000 livres in specie were sent out of France. *‘ln aainstant —so suddenly, in fact that it is impossible to trace the steps of the process—the nation, which had been glorifying iu its good fortune, was struck with dismay and despair The use of specie had been prohibited ; but this could not restore confidence in Law’s paper, and nobody would accept it willingly. It was felt universally that Law’s scheme had been a bubble, and that it had now burst. “All efforts to arrest the progress of the panic wore in vain. In consequence of the decree ordering all payments to be made in paper, a fresh issue of notes had taken place, and in May, 1720, the notes issued amounted to 2,600,- 000,000 livre3, while the quantity of specie in the kingdom was estimated at 1,300,000,000, or only half as much. “On the 27th of May, the bank stopped pay ment in specie ; and on the same day Law was dismissed from the office as minister of finance. D’Aguesseau, who had been dismissed from the ministry in 1718, on account of his opposi tion to Law’s projects was now recalled; and by his advice a decree was paseed on the Ist of June, recalling the decree forbidding the amass ing of specie. In order to assist in absorbing the immense mass of paper money, an ißsue of 25,000,000,000 bank notes took place on the se curity of the revenues of the city of Paris, and bearing an interest of 2J per cent. The notes which this new issue was to be the means of withdrawing, were to be publicly burnt. On the 10th of June, (he bank was re-opened for the payment of small notes —notes of lOiiviesand a little upwards. As almost all the population of Paris rushed to the banks to exchange their small non s for specie, the avenues to the building were blocked up, and hirdl v a day passed in which five or six persons were not crushed to death an i trampled under foot. Silver becom ing scarce, the bank was obliged to cash the notes in copper; and persona might be seen toil ing along with immense of copper money, which they had procured in exchange for notes —glad, howevei, that they had got anything at all. As the old notes did not come in so fast in exchange for the new ones as was expected, fresh measures were adopted to attract them. Upwards |of 30,C00,000 of perpetual annuities were created, purchasable by notes ; and if the people bad responded to ’he invitation, and pur chased the annuities, about 2,000,000,000 of the notes would have been retired in this way ; but notwithstanding the eagerness that prevailed to get rid of tho notes the term 3 of the offer were so unfavcrablei that people still hesitated, and preferred keeping the notes and taking the chance of what might yet occur. To counter act this hesitation, a decree was published on the 15th of August, declaring that ali notes of 10,000 or of 1090 livres should have no currency except in the purchasejof the annuities; but as the hesitation stiff continued, another decree was passed, declaring that notes would bo good for no purpose whatever after the Ist of Novem ber, 1720. Numbers, however, kept their notes even after the specified time, in the vain hopes of better termß ; and the consequence was, that large quantities of Law’s notes remained in houses as family lumber, down even to the date of tho French Revolution when they were produced as curiosities, to be compared witn the assignats. Such was the end of the famous Mississippi bubble, by wlvch a few individuals acquired large fortunes, while thousands of families were ruined, and the nation sustained a shock which it did not recover for many years. The South sea company was a cognate scheme; it was founded by the celebrated statesman Harley, Earl of Oxford, in 1711. It took its name from the fact that in return for certain un dertakings agreed to be pe-formed by the Com pany, tne Government was to grant them a monopoly of the trade in the South Sea, or, as it is now called, the Pacific Ocean ; and yet but a single voyage was ever performed to that region under the auspiceaof the Company. The Com pany flourished as a monetary concern, and was a formidable rival of the Bank of England, from which it took the contract of paving the public debt, then amounting to £30.000,000. Immedi ately alter this event, the stock rose from 130 to 400, and a general furor pervade J all classes to invest, and although the Mississippi scheme was before (hair eyes, as an example of popular fatuity, the contagion was irresistible, and the people rushed headlong into the same folly. There was no limit to the extravagant anticipa tions with which the public m nd became infla ted; to use ths words of a looker on, “it seem ed at that time as if the whole nation had turn ed stockjobbers. Exchange Alley was evrry day blocked up by crowds, and Cornhill was impassable from the number of carriages. Ev erybody came to purchase stock. “Every fool aspired to be a knave.” The South Sea scheme had not even the merit of the Mississippi scheme; it was a simple empty bubble, inflated by the breath of knaves, and its explosion was instantaneous; the whole duration of this nefarious humbug did not ex ceed eight months. When the stock reached its maximum, the directors commenced selling out; a panic immediately ensued, and shares fell from 1000 to 700 ; down again they went until they fell so 400. and then again to 130. The Government, with the aid of the Bank of Eng land, attempted to support the sinking company, but it was of no avail ; the demolition of the South Sea Company was conolete. The Di rectors were tried, and punished, either by fine or Imprisonment, or both. There were tho two great money bubbles of modern times ; with which, whether considered as to magnitudo or the disastrous resulting con sequences, there has been nothing in our day comparable. Arrival of Mrs. Jvdson.—Mrs. Dr. Jud dan and children arrived in Boston by tbs Canada, with health much improved by their voyage from India. 3 A few days ago we met with a beautiful young girl whom we knew to be e poetess at first Sight, and e we told her so. She earnestly denied the fact, but 3 the interview closed with her promising to make an ' effort at poetry and to send os the result. Here it is, * and we thank her for it. It is as sweet and fresh as a young spring rose sparkling with the morning 8 dew: ’ From the Louisville Journal. i A merry girl of eighteen, i ‘ I’ve snatched a poet’s pen To prove that l a more truthful 3 Than the poetry of men. s Though like some untaught warbler, s Thit sings its first, first song, 1 I can but flit across thy path j Unnoticed in the throng. I’m a merry girl of eighteen, Reproved because I’m gay, As tho’ ’twere really sinful , To chase dull care away. But who would not be happy In a world as bright as ours, Where the sunny path of girlhood Is marked with budding flowers 7 Where affection's daily wreathing A chaplet round my brow, • And a loving heart is breathing i Its first and warmest vow I i (Tho* I’ve never wooed the muses, I have borrowed Cupid’s dart, / nd bent his little bow To strike a gentle heart.) Then the sky is blue above me, And its rising sun eo bright, That the elouds that flit before it Seems but mist—they are so light. 1 E’en the little dew drops sparkle As the stray beams o’er them play ; And dame nature smiles in gladness As she herself feels gay ! And, if I sigh for beauty, I behold it in each flower; Or if I pine for music, There is music in each bower; And then my diamonds glisten In the shape of datk gray eyes, Which, though to you they’re valuoloss, To some would be a prize. Need I be gloomy-hearted, When all is fresh around me ; Or sigh for joys departed, When so many jays surround me 1 Or, because a night of darkness May gather round my way, Shall I dim with clouds of sadness. Ail thesunshine of to-day 1 MALVINA. The people of Graysou county, Va., met in public meeting at their Court house on the23d September and offered a reward ol SIOOO for the apprehension of Jarvis C. Bacon, the Ohio Abolitionist, who recently, under the garb of religion, sowed his vile sentiments baoad cast amongst the negroes of that county, stirring them up to revolt, &c. Messrs. W. H. Cook, of Carroll; Andrew Fulton, of Whyte, and Fayette McMullen, of Scott, adpressed the people. Cheap Gas in London.—The Secretary of tho Gas Consumers’ Compahy, at a meeting held at the Yorkshire Stingo Tavern, Mary lebone, London, to take into consideration a proposal for the supply of cheap gas, staled that the now company would engage to supply gas of the best quality at a maximum price of 4s- per 1,000 feet, to limit the dividen i to a maximum of 10 percent., and all other profits beyond 10 per cent, to be applied to the reduc tion of the price. The eapitolrequired would be £120,000, the preliminary expense out of their own pockets. Morylebone is one of the largest districts of London. New York *nd New England.— Tho Bos: ton Traveller, alluding to money matters, says ‘ The Metropolitan Bank is to the New York ers what the Suffolk Bank is to us It takes on deposite the bills of all those institutions which maintain a balance in the hands of tho Bank to meet their bills. Os course no fear is felt with regard to those banks that are received on deposite by the Metropolitan. The circu la ion of Nsw York as compared with Now England, is as follows, with the coin held : Capital. Circulation. Coin. Maine $3,500,000 $2,900,000 $645,000 N. Hampshire••2,soo,ooo 2,100,000 136,000 Vermont 2,500,000 2,800,000 150,000 Massachusetts 38,000,000 17,000,000 3,500,000 Rhode Island*. 1’,000,000 3,000,000 280,000 Connecticut.. >10,600,000 5,500,000 650,000 $59,101001 $33,300,001) $6,361,000 N. York State $23 000,000 $18,000,000 $1,000,000 N. York City 35,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 Tho advantages of the Suffolk system are thus fully demonstrated. In fact, one Bank maintains in State street a circula'ion of $33,- 000,000, without an/ dread on the part ol the , people, while New York City, with double the coin, is uneasy about $25,000 000. Explosion cf the Steamboat Brilliant.— The steamboat Brilliant, Capt. Hart, left hei wharf at the head of Conti street, on Satur day evening, at 5 o’clock, for Bayou Sara and the intermedia e landings, and had proceeded up the river as far as Bayou Goula, yesterday morning, about 8 o’clock, when she exploded bersecond starboard boiler, which carried away her main cabin and state -rooms, as far aft as the ladies’cabin, and everything forward ol the boilers, mak.ng a complete wreck of the boat above the hull. Capt. Hart stated he had from 80 to 100 deck hands and firemen on board at the time the explosion took place. Alter the accident, he could not find more than about twen'y-iive The number of Ca-sengerson board he could uot ascertain, ut thinks the loss must be very great. The following are the names of tho persons killed and scalded, as near as could be ascer tained: Jae. Fullerton, mate, lost. J. A Cotton, first clerk, badly scalded. S. G. Cole, assistant clerk, badly scalded. J Caines, second clerk, slightly scalded. Mr. False, second pilot, badly scalded. Robt Doyle, firstengineer, bad'y scalded* Mr. McCarty, secoud engineer, slightly scald, ed Several firemen and cabin boj a were slightly, and others badly scalded. Capt. Hart was iu the wash-room when the boiler exploded, and was not injured. The above were all the names we could learn, from the officers of the Montgomery.— -N. O. Bulletin. Fire. —About 3 o'clock yesterday morning, just as our paper was going to press, a fire broke out in Mr. If. R. Box's ha: store in Bronghton-street. The engines wsre prompt ly on the ground and put out the fire before it extended to anv other premises. We un !er stand Mr. B. has an insarance on his stock, but we ould not learn the amount, and it can hardly cover his great loss, as his s ock which wa= not burned is alqaost ruined by being wet The second floor was occupied by Mr Jame Stratton, and his stock of gas fixtures wsre considerably injured; but we learn that his lose is covered by an insurance in the Howard Insurance Company of (few York. The build ing was owned by Isaac Cohan, Esq. Mr. Box has au insurance of $7,000 in the offices of the Southern Mutual, and the Co* lumbia Insurance Companies. We regret to learn that Mr. Boxloatall his books, and from ] some eircumstanee, he is led to believe that 1 his store was broken open and the fire inten tionally kindled. No lights were lit on the previous evening, and there had been no fire in the store for a week.— Sav. Rep., 4th inst. TELEGRAPHIC NEWS. 1 r AniiuStted for th« Chronicle & Sentinel LATER FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL 0F THE STEAMER HUMBOLDT. New York, Oct. 8 P. M. The steamship Humboldt has arrived. The steamers Hermann, Atlantic and Asia bad arrived out at Liverpool. Messrs. Maitland, Fawkes & Co. of Liver pool have failed. France.—La Press, at Pans, has been seiz ed by Government for making certain obnox ious articles. The President will make a tour through the provinces prior to the meeffng of the Assem bly. Spain.—Advices from Madrid state that 8,000 troops had been sont to Cuba. A war like feeling prevails, and propositions had been made to declare war against the United States. Portugal.—Affairs in Portugal are repre sented as in a very precarious state. Liverpool Market. Cotton was dull, but wi'hout cbenge in prices since the sailing of the Cane da. The average daily sales amounted to about 5,00 f bales. Flour steady at full rates. Corn firm, and 6d. higher. Sugar steady. Coffee dull. Teas uochang. d. In Manchester trade was active, and prices firm. Money easier. Consols closed at 95$ to 96f. American securities firm. New York Market. Wednesday, Oct. B. Colton.—Prices tending downward. 400 bales sold to day. M lscellaneous. The Africa sailed to-Jay with 5450.0C0 in Specie. A dreadful gali has occurred on tho coast of Nova Scotia. One hundred nad fifty vessels Imva been driven ashore, end 300 lives lost. Arrival of the Prometheus. Three Weeks Later from California.—New York, Oct. 5.--Tho steamer Prometheus arrived last night from San Juan de Nicara gua, which place she left on the 26:h ult. She brings 45u passengers and one hundred end thwenty three thousand dollars in gold ou freight, SIOO,OOO of which is consigned to Thompson & Hitchcock. The steamer Pacific, with dates from Bau Francisco to Sept. 9th, arrived at San Juan de Sol on the 20th ult., having made the run down the Pacific iu less than fourteen day*. She had on boar ! 329 j assengers and SIOO - in gold, The steamer Monumental City, Capt. Nor ris, of Baltimore, left San Juan de Sol for Reaiijo and Panama on the 20ifa. The steam propeller Las yettc, it was cur rentiy reported, had been totally destroyed by fire in the harbot of Chagres ou the llih ult. Her cargo was partially saved. '1 he steamer Tennessee sailed from San Franciacoon tho l«t for Panama, with $1,700, 000 in gold, and the Constitution with SIOO,- OUO. The former had 250 and th > latter 120 passengers. At the State election in San Francis: tohe Whigs carried every ward but one. and their total majo ity was about 1000. Sacramento City and County gave 400 Democratic majori ty. Tee returns were so imperfect that it was impossible to determine who was elected Governor. In reference to the balance of the State ticket, the Aita California says that tho Democrats were probably successful. They hid also doubtless elected their two Congress men. The Legisiaturo was doubtful. The clirper ship Flying Cloud bad arrived at San Francisco, from New York, iu 89 days; being the quickest passage on record. The mining accounts were very favorable. A destructive fire occurred at Marysville on the 30th of August, which consumed 3 cqpares and 80 houses iu the business part of tho city. The loss is about $500,000. Faust, Adams & Co , who were the heaviest losers, lost S3O - COO. ’ ' The Indians were very troublesome be tween Sacramento and Salt Lake. Several emigrants had been killed, and the mail riders had been attacked, but escaped. Dates from Astoria to August 27th mention the death of Mr. Gaines, wife of Gen. Gaines. Tho steamer Fawn, on her trip from Sac-a men:o < Vernon, ou August J6:h, exploded her boiler, killing Clark, the Engineer, and Annerson, the fireman, and badly wounding Captain Van Gasper and many of the passen gers. Several of the latter are missing. Th < grea est excitement attended the case of \Vhjtaker and McKenzie at San Francisco. They were arrested at the instsnee of the Vigil ance Committee, and kept in their custody, having confessed to a number of bold and daring robberies. On the 26tb, before day light, t: e city authorities proceeded to the rooms of the Committee, and without much hindrance conveyed the prisoners to the city jail. When the populace were informod of this the wildest excitement was manifested, and finally on Sunday afternoon about 2 o’clock i they proceeded to the jail and forcibly rescued the prisoners, and in an incredibly shoit space I of time launched them into eternity, amidst shouts of gratificatiou from the crowd After hanging an hour they were cut down, and Mc- Kenzie being pronounced not dead by the physiciao, he was again strung up till life was extinct. The crowd then quietly dispersed, and order was restored. Some shots were fired at the jail, but no one was seriously inju. red. Robinson, the man nang at Sacramento, was also taken by the people from the jail, and his confession is a catalogue of villaniea, as those made by the man Stuart. Markits.— The markets were quiej, in con sequence of the election, but a brisktrade was expected in a few days, this being the season that miner* lay in their winter stores. Flour was active aud prices firm. Gallegos &llax all’s were quoted at sll 50 a1 it sweet Wes tern, $1050; Corn, $3 a350 ; Corn me»l, $7,50 f Mess Pork, sls; clear do sl7; Hams f)0; Lard, sl4; Butter, 515 a 40o ; Cheese, 10 a 15c, Boots and Shoes were abundant, and clothing genet al'y dull, from the large supply. The same map be said of Cheese and a variety of other articles. Philadklpuia, Oct. 6. The steamer Commsdore, for Mew York from Stoningtoo, ran down tbo sloop Nenesuci* last night, bonnd from New York for Westport, Ct. Captain Buckley was severely injured. The orew was saved* VOLUME XV.-KO. 123. Commercial. AUGUSTA MAIIKKT VV EDKEBDA Y, P. M. COTTON. —Tho market continues dull, and pri ces depressed. Fair 8| cents. NFW ORLEANS, Oct. 27, P. M.— Colton. — The demand has been fair and resulted in the sale of 3500 bales at irregular priees, but fully establishing yesterday's decline. Inferior none; Ordinary 7 a ; Middling 7* a ?f 5 Good Middling 8 a 8* s Mid dling Pair 8J a 6|} Fair 9 a—. Stock on band Sept. 1, 1851 bales. 16,108 Arrifed since 67,369 Arrived to-day 5112 „ J „ 88,689 Eiported to date 28,902 Exported to day ’ 28,902 Stock on hand and on shipboard not cleared* £9,687 ,„^? ur —Sales confined to retail. Yesterday 500 Illinois and St. Lo iis were sold at. $3.80 the super- Si. 60 tbe extra, not bef.re reported. sacks weavily were sold at 36c. and 100 Yellow at 50c. Baton.— 60, 20 and 16 casks, mostly Sides, were sold on private terms, supposed to be under 11c.; 7 casks Si les were sold at lljc., and 4 casks Shoul ders at 9c. I Freights.—A. ship taken for Liverpool at £d. Exchanges. —Demand extremely limited and sales have a downward tendency. London. 10 a 11 per ct. premium; Paris, 5f.12* a 5f.17£ ; New York 60 days, 2a 24 per ct. discount; do. Sight*. 4 a 1 per ct. prem.j do. 10 days Sight, per ct. pren». ; do. Bank Cheeks per ct. prern. SAVANNAH, Oct. B.—CoKon.—The demand was good yesterday, the sales reaching 215 bales, at prices ranging from 8| a94 cents. Prices drooping and in favor of buyers, 0 EXPORTS^ SAVANNAH, Oct. 6. —For Boston, barque Cbas. Willictn—22o bales Cotton; CHARLESTON, Oct. 7.—For New York, Liue ship Julia Howard—67 bales S. I. and 1.003 do Upland Cotton. For Baltimore, M. L. schr. D. H. Baldwin—lso bales Upland Cotton. gripping intelUgtntt. CHARLESTON, Oct. B.—Arr., steamship Ma rion, Berry, New York ; Ur. ship Triton, Smith, Liverpool ; Br. barque Heath, Primrose, Havana ; C. L. bark Velocity, Ryder, L’cston ; Ketch Broth ers, Lirett, Now York; schr. Arcturus, Haskell, Boston. Cleared, Line ship Juiia He ward, Bulkley, New York; brig Gulnare, Philips, Havana; M. L. schr. D. H. Baldwin, Parker, Baltimore. SAVANNAH, Oct. B.—Arr., steamship Alabama, Ludlow, New York; barque Thomas Prirtce, Car ney, do. DAVID 8. JOHNSTON, ATTORNEY AT I; AW, Augusta, Georgia. O* Office on Jackson street, near Broad street. References. —Messrs. T. N.PoullainA Son, Miller At Warren, Adams & Fargo, Col. Turner Clanton, \ngusta, Go. Hon. R. M. Peuison, Judge of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, Hon. David S. Reid, Governer of North Carolina, Hon. Win, 11. Hay woed, jr., Hon. R. M. Sanders, Raleigh, North Carolina. Messrs. Malcolm A Gaul, New York, Messrs. Campbell, Martin & Co., Philadelphia, Jchn Kerr. Esq., Dr. N. M. Roan, Yanceyville, North Carolina, Lcncelot Johnstun, Dr. Win. John ston, Madison, Ga., and L. L l evy, New Orleans. 09-ly Richmond county, gko.—Whereas, Robert Morris applies for letters of administra tion on the estate of Elizabeth Cannon, late of said county, deceased— These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and appear at my office within the time pre scribed by law, toshow cause, if any they have, why said letters should not be granted. Given under my band at office in Augusta. LEON P. DUGAS, Clerk. October 9, 1851. 4 ("1 OLUiHDIA COUNTY, GEO.—Whereas, > Hu uphrey Evans applies to me for letters of ad- » ministration on the estate of John J. P. Evans, lute of said county, deceased— These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and appear at my office, within the time pre scribed by law, toshow cause, if any they have, why said lotters should not be grunted. Given under my hand at office in Appling. S. CHAWPOKD, Clerk. October 9, 1851. PIANO FORTES. MUSIC, <Skc7 *> CHARLES CAT LIN <fc CO., IV IS Alt THE UNITED STATES jHpjefSHS HOTEL, Augusta, Ga., are the or.Jy i* Jr ¥ authorized Agents for Chickeriug’a celebrated IRON FRAMED PIANO FORTES. ' Also, for those made by Nunn’sife. Clark.and Adam Stodard. The superiority and wide-spread celebrity of these Instruments render any special reference to them unnecessary. The universal satisfaction that they bavagiven in this market, for inure than 15 years, is good evidence of their durability. Their stock is always large and full, comprising every variety and style of 6, 61, 6| and 7 octave PIANOS, which they will aellatihe lowest fac tory prices, (varying from s'4oo to $500,) and war rant them sound aud perfect ir.«V«ry respect, Their stock of MUSIC is large, and they receive fresh supplies every week of all now publication* as soon as they are is«wed. All orders 'or Pianos, Music, Violins, Guitars, Flutes, Accord eons, dtc., Ac., will receive prompt and careful attention, and wiltbe warranted to please n every reaped. m MELODEONS. They also have a complete assortment of Prince A Co.’s MELODEONS. The Key Board is precisely hesame as the Piano or Organ ; and the tone closely resembles that of the Pluto-stopol the Organ, ami is sufficiently load for small Churches. They vary in prieefrom SSO to SIOO. JEWELRY. Clltßl.fi>' Cit I LIN keeps for sale at the same 0 *t* • Crgs Slock of fine WATCHES, JEWEL RY aa.l SILVER-WARE, to which he invites ths at. ion o( the public. mh2B NO EXCUSE FOR BAD BREAD I PRESTON & MKRUIR'S INPALLIHLE YEAST POWDER, a new art cle for making Ltgbt and Sweet Bread. It is a great convenience, tbit it is always ready and sure lo act—the dough requires no standing, but is ready to bake as soon as mixed, and the most ignorant can hardly mistake in its use. Should an excess be put in, it will not turn the breuJ yellow, with an ashy or soapy taste, ss saleratus and soda will; thus saving much waste. it is suitable for almost all kinds of Sweet Cakes Gingerbread, Dumplings, and Griddle Cakes O" Dough mixed with common Yeast, and failing to rise, may be made light, and saved, by thoroughly Kneading in thy proper quantity of this Yeast. For sale by slO D. B. PLUMB A CO. I BRICK, BRICK.. TUB subscriber, at the Brick Yard, formerly owned by, Mr. Sibley, in the upper end of Hamburg, has now on hand between Two and Thrae Hundred Thousand good BRICKS, made of the bost material, and will compare with any in the market, and he will keep a good supply on hand for sale. leg CHARLES HAMMOND. Choice Sugars. g"h HIIOS. strictly choice Sugars, for eale £IF low by a3O BAKER & WILCOX,