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CHRONICLE & SENTINEL BY WILLIAM S. JONES, DAILTi T* ‘-WEEK Y \ AEKLY• YBBi®B—r«;ly Paper to city subscribers, per annum, in advance, *5 Paily Parer tnaiUd to the country, 7 Tri-Weekly Paj er, “ “ “ •••*•* 4 W eek la (A maonmctb sheet) “ 2 CASH S\ STEM.—In no case will an order for thi paper be attended to, unices accompanied wi* tea money, and in every instance when the lime .or which the subscription may be paid, eipirea >efore the receipt of funds to renew the earns, the paper will be discontinued. the development op the PRACTICAL, IN SUBORDINATION 1 O TEE SPIRITUAL; THE TRUE END OF ACADEMICAL EDUCATION. Xhs Saaond Baccalaureate Address to the Graduate! of Burlington College; in St. Mary's church, Bu r lington, St. Michael and all Angela, MDCCCLI,by the Risfht Rev. George Washington Doane , D. D. LL. D., Bishop of the Diocese and President of the College. Two prejudices prevail, which greatly hinder the just estimate of Academic Education, 'i hat it is not practical; and, that it involves the risk of virtue. I set myself against them both. I deny that they are at all inherent in the case. Tna development or the Practical, in SUBORDINATION TO THE SPIRITUAL, IS TIIK THUS idea cr Academic Education. 1 do no: say, that the Practical has not been overlooked, in many systems; which have claimed the name. I do not say that morals have not often been corrupted, and many souls been lost ; in places, where its name is set. But, I maintain that it has been, from the abuse; not from the use. I maintain that in every real place of education, In every grove that does not prostitute the, well nigh sacred,|name, of Academus, the Practical must be developed ; and must be subordinated to the Spiritual. I. Thb Practical must be developed. Man was was created, forit. Was he not made, in His image, of whom the Son hath said, in these sublimest words, “My Father worketh, hitherto ?” Was he not put in that fair garden to dress it, and to keep it 1 And when the curse had fallen on the race for sin, was it not prefaced with these words, ■ In the sweat of thy face, thou shall eat bread 7“ Man was created ior (he Practical. And that cannot be his true training by which tne Practical is not developed. It piled the Pyramids. It built the Coliseum. It found the Apollo BelviJere, in that rough rock of Parian marble. It created Hamlet, Ariel, Cordelia. 1 here is nothing that it has not done. There is nothing that it cannot do. The Pract-cal mutt be developed. Man was not made for sloth and inactivity, for ease and luxury, however harmless, or however tlsgant, Look at his hands, adapted equally to wield the pencil; to guide the plough ; to hold the helm, when storms bring down the skies. Look at his chest that swells to meet the shock of battle ; or to burst oppression’s yoke. Look at his eye, to flash (he fires of genius; or to frown the tyrant from his throne. Look at his brow, the dome of loftiest thoughts, of tenderest imaginings, of deepest, most indomitable, determinations. Is there an element, that the Practical, in man, has not made subject 1 Enthralled the air, to waft his ships. Harnessed the steam to drag his cars. And tamed the lightning, to convey his messa ges. The Practical must be deve’eped It cannot be, by any training of the hands It cannot be, through any mere material influences or agents. When Franklin brought the flash down from the cloud, was it the kite and cord and key, that did it? When Davy went down with burning lamp into the firedamp of the Cornish mines, and made that “dreadful trade” secure, was it the virtue of that woven web of wire 7 And when Daguerre had dipped his pencil in the sun, and made the light paint its own pictures with a flash, was it the burnished plate that won the triumph 1 The Practical is inward andinvisible Newton’s sagacious forecast of the laws of gravity, needed the falling app e, only, for an illuatration. The teeming brain of Watt found in the simmering kittle by the fire, but the occa sion of the triumph that has w ell nigh banish'd war from from **u the earth. And ‘‘the world •uUniQenMul 1 had first Cleared in his OWII "it tmfe c*rton ft* ftidden power and disentangles it, and gives U lrecdom ; and the slectric spark, that it hue waked, shall flash, from pole to pole 5 astonish earth ; and flood the heavens with light. What it achieved, in Galileo I What it dared, in Milton I What it did, in Shakespeare I “ Exhausted worlds j and then, imagined new.” The education by which the Practical, in man, may be developed, must be thorough, must be compleie, must be liberal. 1 It must be thorough. It must begin from the beeinning. It must lay foundations. It uiust buiM upon iho>p The Lord hath told us what a house would be upon ihe sand, it could fare no better with the education that neglects the fundamentals. There can be 110 solidi y, no certainty, no safety, no security. As if one leaned upon a broken feed, or stepped upon a dislocated foot, it ia the great defect of educa tion, that it is not thorough The elements arc not secured. The results can nevor bo tory. Men will not give the time They do not know that it would be time economized. Bo sides, with whatever use of time in after stages, the laaue must be insecure and unsatisfactory. A slf one should build a pyramid on pilcß. To have the work to do again the next half century. As when our ships of war have boon con etructed of green timber, and been broken up, within a dozen years. Time taken lit the begin ning, ia time aaved in th« end. 60 but so far. But go so far with certainly. A year devoted to the elements, will be seven years secured to the results. Would you avoid dally mortification, would you avoid habitual self distrust, wcptM you avoid continual disappointment-** <gipeal with perfect oonfidencoto those me, whose aad experience I describe—deep and strong the elementary founders in the work of edu cation. No matter if you never rise above the surface of the ground. What is done, has been dona. Done, to stand. Do,ne, to stand upon. Vou may build upon it hereafter, it may be. « been done, you have. As With the Cynlopxja.il builders. The stones Were rough. wee rude. But they "Were well laid. And their tnugniiiceqpci. retrains, and will, whklo anything pf man’s (e*. ot e ‘*”P?ere. Who- eould make *7.. h 7° ( »'•» arch 1 Or, of three quar tenths 1 Would it bear any »rc.h*V r.y o it stand alone*? Would it bean * -‘W mind is various In its powers. The “ . |a diverse in his facilities. Their true aevelopement is thetr perfect equilibrium. Only ao do they sustain and strengthen one another Only ao they disnlay the heauty of (heir juat proportions. There never was a greater sham than what ia called, "a partial course” in educa tion. As if a torao weio a statue. An If two legs ar.d half an arm would make a man. That was a good old figure which our fathers used-the Cyclopedia—tho circle of eclencee. Could any one take pleaeure in a oeml-circlo 1 Or in any segment 1 And what can satisfy the mind like the full rounded orb, the only perfect figure? The tastes the memory; the judgment; tho fancy ; the imagination , the reasoning powers, these and still more than these, combine to make the man. And to educate part of them, and not the rest, ia to produco a monster. There have been striking things accomplished so, no doubt. As men, with double joints, do feats of stronglh. And poiraiie have been painted with the mouth or with the feet. But these are rare exceptions. They are anomalous and monstrous. They may surprise, but cannot satisfy. They ate deficient in tne elements of value. In harmony. I:t nat uralness. And in (availability. They aet no precedent And they supply no pattern. They are for avoidance) not lor imitation. They tempt displeasure. They suggest disgust. The real education educates the man in all his facul ties and powers* Develops him properUonnbly. And makes its Issue practical and permanent. It never might attempt a flying tnachino, or a perpetual motion, it hae accomplished a teles cop , a steam machine, a power arose. It might not find admisaion, with tho Malachite and Porphyry, which Russia sent to the great London exhibition. But if the broadest field were to be reaped, wlhin the briefest time; or if the empire of the seas were to be succcs fully contested, it would be heard from, and the world would f el it. 3, And finally it must be liberal. Man is not all material. He has a mouth, not only, but a mind. There are higher pleasures than the sense can measure. There are satisfactions be yond the appetite. The creations of the pencil; the witcheries of music; the raptures ol poetry, these charm the fancy, enthral the feelings, lap the spirit in Elysium. They vindicate the im. material in man, and indicate the immortal- They open a new world with richer spoils than that which Christopher Columbus gave to Le on and Castile, the world of imagination. They find an El Dorado such as Cortez never dreamed of. They wing their way up to “the highest heaven of invention*’ 1 They bring down, and set among our ho Behold gods the immortal forms of Homer. Plato, Pinaar, jEs c! ylus, of Spenser, Shakspoare, Dante, Milton, Schiller, Woodworth. These the true masters of mankind. The Poets, that is to say, the Makers, among men. Pre eminent in Poetry and, so pre-ininently practical. 11. And to complete the true idea of educa tion, the utmost triumphs of the Pkictial mu6t be subordinated to the Spiritual. All that is practical must perieh. Homer might not have been. Shakspearo might be forgotten. The soul which God breathed into the clay, which He had moulded into human form, and which the Son of God took human from, that he might re Jecm, regenerate and reinstate it in its primary glory, must still exist; might still ex ult in the delight of conscious virtue ; might imp its pinions for the for the flight, which is to bear it to the bosom of its God. “For which cause,” in tho fervent languigo of the rapt Apostle, “wefaint not; but though our outward man perish, ye: the inward mania renewed day by day. For our light affliction, which is but fora momant, worketh us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory, while we look not at tho things which are seen ; for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.” 2 Corinhians, iv. 16-18 Beloved children who are to leave my hearth and heart to day, in the five years that have, now flitted by us like the shadows on the mountain, it has been “my heart’s desire,and prayer to God” to realize in you that which I have thus shad owed, rather than have sketched of the true idea of education. It is for you to prove, in the rough world in which you now must enter, how far the Practical has been developed in you* The Judg ment day will show how far the Practical has been subord.nated in you* If you have justified ourends and aims in your behalf, you will go forth as men. And, if our prayers for you are answered, you will be accepted at the last, through the dear purchase of the Cross, as men or Je sus Christ Go forth, I bid you, in the name of Gqd, as Men. As men, to dare. As men, to do. As men, to bear. Men, for society. Men, for your country. Men,for the Church. So shall you stand, at last, before the world of men and an gels as men of Jesus Christ. i. Go forth, as men, to dare Ours is a stir ring age. The Crusades did but crawl in the compatison. No age has won such triumphs. By no ago such trophies been set up. The plot of the great drama of our nature, thickens as it runs. It hastens t > the consummation. Years do the work of ages. And the hou v tl iss meas ures days. See how tho tides of commerce set, swell, and surge from shore to shore. See how the lightning fl ish of science flames the sky from po eto pole. See how the nations of the world are rushing intomntual incorporation with each other ; with a speed which steam now fails to satisfy. See how the virgin West, bares her full bosorn,like the Roman daughter, to refresh and reinvigorate the worn and wasted East. It is an age of enterprise ; intense, indomitable, ut in termitting. And you that are to mix in it, must mix in it as men, that dare That dare to trust youreelvrs like Cassius, accoutered as you are, to its tremendous toirent. And if the will of God be so, turn to the cataract; and “buffet it, With lusty sinews; throwing i' aside, And stemming it with hearts of controversy” ii Go forth as men to do. The hive of human nature has cast out its drones. The air 13 vocal with the hum of action, like a eiover field in June The time has come, of wh.ch the proph ets spake : “Manv shall run to and fro; and knowledge shall be increased.” You cannot stand sill, if you would They that do nothing, shall be swepi away ; 1 ko the dry branches when the equinox is up. You may select your work, but work you must. Agriculture. Commerce. Manufactures. Letters.' Science. The healing art. with its continual charities. The noble AS* 1 , iji 1, V/">.• * ■ *sfi, S • -i ! a i iJfStfdY i n'c Mis sionary cross Choosp as Cod's providence de termines you. And in His strength, go forth to do ; as in His cyo, upon His world, and with li* B heaven upon you nearer than the sky. iii. And go forth as men to bear. There is nocr wn without a croES. The badge of our humanity is suffering. It wi'l encounter you sometime, somewhere, somehow. Be uot afraid to meet it. Be not averee to bear It. It is the trial of your spirit. The Damascus blade that cleaves tho iron helmet, has been thrust, red not among theicei That “eld unwedgable, and gnarled onk,” was hardened bv the tempests of a thousand winters The willow that stands bending to the breea.', will do for baskets; but has no plsco in a ship. “Vincit qui patitur.” Only by sufimng can we conquer. The blood iest Cro*gachieves the brightest crown iv. Men for Society Be foremost in all acts and influences for good. Live ever by the Law jof Love. Make ihe wide world your neighbor hood. Hold every man your brother, that your heart can comfort, or your hand can help. Be everywhere (he good Samaritans among your kind, for sufferers and sinners. And in the utter and unpitying sacrifice of self, follow His foot steps and reflect His beauty, and attain Ilia blessing, “Who went about doing good.” v. Men, for your country* Not men of any party. Not, men, exclusively, of any State. Men of the whole Republic. Men of the Con- Men of this Union, now and forever, one and indivisible. No fierce fanaticism of pri vate prejudice. No idle phantom of a “higher law; ” w'-ich, Hkc the wildfire of the bog, iB Mjevor found, and never felt. No reckless dis regard of national obligations, here ; or social righto, and social claims, abroad. But, that pure patriotism, which concentrates, on country, the love of human kind not to love these, the les», because it must love that, the more ; but, that the focal hxat, which it enkindles, on the hearth of homo, and feeds, end fans, and cher ishes, may sh.edlts cheering light and soothing warmth,o» aH the world ; and draw the nations, to euch other, in one brotherhood ol love. vk Ml tn, of the G hurch of Jesus Christ, pur chased with His blood i and to be guarded, if be, In its pure faith and holy worship, by tho shedding es you.r own. The Church, which the Apostles planted Tho Church, for which the martyrs suffered. The Church, in which your fathers worshipped. The Church, in which your infancy was cradled. Tho Church, in which your vows of inanhoud have been paid. The Church, in which your tottering age may find its earthly rest; and wait, in it, for Heaven. The Church, whoso sacred dust shall consecrate our dust; and, in whose blessed shadow, we shall hope to wnko, upon the Resurrection morning,and, through the purchase of the Cross, and cleansing of its blood, stand up, the men of Jesus Christ. " Tho King a scat ha h, there prepared, “High on eternal, base upicared, “ For tlis eternal Son . “His palaces with joy abound; “ His saints, * y Him, with glory crown’d, “ Attend and share His throne. “ Mother of cities l O’er ihy head, “ Bright Peace, with healin'wings outspred, “ Forevermore Bhall dweli; “Lot me. blest scat, my name behold, “ Among thy citizens enroll’d, “And bid the world, Farewell I” Census of Pennsylvania. Dwelling houses in the State; 336,216 Families in the Siste, 468,197 White Males 1,142,8G3 White Females, .•••*1,115,606 — — 2,258,463 Free color«d Miles-•• • 2i,057 Coloroj Femalos, 28 266 Total population-• 2,311,786 Becbi dm in/ the year, 28 318 Far rain cultivation, 127,577 Manufacturing euablishmont inducing annually 9500 auJ upwards,-** • •*•••« 22,036 Chronicle an ft Sentinel. AUGUSTA, GA - SUNDAY MORNING, NOV. 16. ‘ Col. Whiteside has been appointed by the Ten nessee Legislature to visi: the Georgia Legislature, to settle difficulties between soma et cur citizens and the State Hoad.*’ — Chattanooga Gazette. This we suppose to have reference to the damage sustained by citizens of Tennessee, in the delays in the transportation of th6ir produce and merchandise over the State road, whereby it was materially damaged, and in many instances, perishable articles, entirely destroyed ; much, if not all of which, grew out of >ha miserable management of the road by Gov. Towaa’ distinguished Chief Engineer, who has discharged the duties of his station so much to the satisfaction of the Governor. This is one of the consequences, and alirist an invariable consequence, of committing the road to the management of a man who was totally ignorant of the daties required of him, and who did not devote sufficient attention to his business to (take himself famil hr with either what was required of him or the wants of the pubic. And we doubt not, when the State has examined into the matter, and footed the bills for lost and damaged cot ton, and produce and merchandise lost and de stroyed by his alter incapacity to manago the business of the road, that it would have been much better for the interests of the State and the public, if a competent Engineer had been engaged at a salary of SIO,OOO a year, than to have Mr. Mitchell's services for nothing. We sinoerety hope that Gov. Cob* may pro* fit by the gross blunders of hie predecessor, and appoint a thorough, practioal Engineer, a man who has had experience in the construction and management of roads, and give to him the exclusive control of the road. Let him make his own appointments of all his officers and as* sistauts, an! then ho Id him strictly accountable for tbe prompt and faithful discharge of all bis duties, both to the State and the public. Such aceursa, will secure the good management of the road and the prompt transportation of all freights, while it will relieve us from the humili ating reflection of having Agents sent from other States to our own ,to have justice done them in the payment of damages for lost aud destroyed produce. Thanksgiving. It will be seen, by reference to the Proela mation of his Excellency, Gov Cobb, that in accordance with a resolution of ibe Legisla ture, he has appointed the 27th inst. (o be ob served as a day of Thanksgiving, and requeats the citizens generally to unite in its obser vance as such. As that day has been almost unanimously agreed upon by the Executive* of the severa States of the Union, it may be regarded as a national fettival, and we since ely hope that i l may be so regarded and treated by the whole people. Fatal Railroad Accidkbt —We regret to leant that the boiler of a large Freight En gine, on the Charleston road, on her down ward trip Friday night, exploded, killing in stantly the Engineer and two Firemen. We did sot learn other particulars of this terrible tragedy. Commencement at Oglethorpe.. /inpuciucaii, lor the subjoined account of the commencement exercises of this institution: Milledgkville, Nov. 13. It has afforded mi great pleasure to witness the commencement exercises of this new flouriahing Institution, which took place on Sunday, Monday, Tueeday and Wednesday of this week. No one who was present can but rejoice, that the Ins nution is bo successful in the production of fruit so highly creditable to he sources whenco it comes. This College is destined to eo*ead a hupp/ influence upon the prosperity of ou r S.ate- directed as it is. by the energy and wisdom of her able President and enterprising faculty. Annually she sends lortha portion of ber graduates to minister to the religious wan s of the people, and not a few to ba teachers in the sparsely populated and obscure regions of the State. This alone should commend Oglethorpe University to the earnest patronage of the true friends of Geor Kia. Our present necessity is a good cotps of Native Teachers, who will dedicate themselves to the noble work of popular education, and any body of men who wilt foster this growing enterprise, will deserve all the eucouragement which the people can bestow. The exeroise* at Oglethorpe commenced on Sunday morning, when the President, Dr. Tal. mage, preached the annual Baccalaureate Dis course to the Graduating Class. His text was “Train up a child in the way he should go, aud when he is old he will not depart from it.*' lla took occasion, in the course of his remark*, to speak of the destitute condition of Georgia, in regard to her educational advancement, and strenuously urged upon the present Leg islature the adopt on of some new system which will be likely to conduce to our moral and intellectual e evation. The closing re marks of advice and counsel, and encourage meat to the class about to leave the college for ever, were auch as might be expected from the lips of an affectionate instructor, solicitous for (he future welfare of those in whose prosper* ity he was concerned. On Monday night the Sophomore Class de claimed for prizes, and alt of them exhibited great proficiency in oratory. As a class, tiiey are entitled to no little credit. Those who re ceived the first and second prizes were Mr. E. R Johnson of Midway—son of Judge llerschel V Johnson—and Mr Gumming from Colum bus. On Tuesday, the Junior Class delivered orig inai speeches suitable to the occasion, and on subj-cts of literary ir.tsrest. The Messrs. Small from Charleston, excelled in oratjry and composition. On Wednesday, Commencement day, the chapel of the College was crowded wiih tho in tellect and beauty of the country. We notic ed on the stage, Gov. Cobb, Ex-Governor Gil mer, Judges Johnson and Sayre, and Dr. George F. Pierce. The Exercises commenc ed aboui 11 o'clock. The graduates acq fitted themselves most handsomely, and their sp ■ echos were all well wri ten and well spoken. When they concluded, the successful competitors in the Sop iomoie Prise Declamation were then called up to receive the awards, which were delivered by Dr George F. Pierce, in one of the happiest and most eloquent efforts, which we have ever heard from mis gentleman, llis subject was eloquence, the nob'est ofall themes, and ha hiaxelf displayed the truest embodi ment of his own subject. The adJdress was received with graat applause. After its deliv ery, the Annual Oration was spoken by the Rev. E. P. Rogers, of Augusta, the subject of which was: *• The Bible as a Literary Produc tion" With this spuech he iaterost'ng exer cises of th* Commencement of Oglethorpe University, closed. “ W. The Methodist Chureh Discussion. 1 The following synopsis of the decision of Judge Nelson in this important Case we ex* tract from the New Yeork Express of the llih invt. It will be perceived therefrom that the M. E. Church is entitled to a share of the Book Concern, which is valuable, as it ap pears that the sales for the last twelve months were more than $200,000, being an increase of $65,000 the previous year, and ex ceeding all former year*. The profis on the Hymn Book were $47 461. The Christian Advocate ani Journal has a cireula'ion of 25 000 to 29,000. The Sunday School Advocate C 5 OUO, wi'h a yearly sale of Sunday School Books amounting to $5»00. The quarterly Review has 300 U subscribers. Case or the Methodist Book Cosckrk.— Id the U. S. Circuit Court, Judges Nelson and Betts upon the ben-h, a decision was giv en this morning, by Judge Nelson. The Judge reviewed the various points in the case, referred to the (act that the Metho dist Church was organized in the United States in 1784, under the superintendence and sovereignty of the travelling preachers, who in General Conference, were the whole power of the Church, the Jay members then and now, having no voice in Church government. Before this the Methodist Church was con ducted by John Wesley and his agents, and the change was made by his assent and wish. The Church was never incorporated but held to gether and kept organized by certain printed rules. The plaintiffs say that the difference between the Northern and Southern branches of the Chorch, sprung up previously to 1844, as te the ownership of slaves. This breach threat ened the safety es the Church. The question arose iD 1844 whether or not there should be a separation, and resolutions were passed by a majority of the conference of that year, held in New York, deciding that should the an nual Couference in the Slaveholding States, consider it best to separate, they might do so. All the Southern annual conferences werein that event to he organized in a separate church to be called “the Methodist Chu ch South.” it was also decided that travelling Ministers might attach themselves to either the Nor hern Southern Church. The plaintiffs allege thst'he Conference had this power, and this was confirmed m 1845 by a council of Northern Bishops. The members were free to say what was the best policy of accomplishing the great designs ol the Master in whose service they were en gaged, the object being the spread of the Gos pel. The Cour. also thought that the idea that the Church bad but limited and prescribed power was erroneous. Toe Canada Confer enje was originally a part of the American Methodist Church, but in 1828 was allowed to separate Tbe T<.xas Couference was also brought in the American Churcn.aod in both cases by the act of tne General Conference. The Court considered that the complainant had the same right as previously to the sepa ration —that thei iaimants were still .ravelii g preachers, and their fie,d of lab >t within their jurisdibtion. Assumtn that the General Con ference was unauthorized to moke tne divistou still the complainants wese not deprived of their right to share in the fund, not having for feited it; it was not in law in the power ol even the Conference to take it from mem. Ihe Court so concluded, but whether pro rata or in propor.ion to the capital, is left for future adjudication. Tbe Court also earnestly hoped that the dif ficulty might new be amicably settled by the parties interested. If the conclusions arnvec at should res.ore harmony in tbe Chuien, it would not regret tbe labor which had been ex pended upon the case. The Court also considered that the Trustees of the Book Concern stood in the light s-f the Beneficiaries of a Charitable Fund, which had bean endowed by third parlies. According to ihe dec.sion of the original founders the pro ceeds and profits had been devoted to their use, anti if they came within the regulations lhev »or» «nll •»i!>l--l *- The Court desired to administer the law in behalf of the claimants, their case exciting pe culiar sympathy. The plan of separation m 1814 provided that there should baa pro rata distribution, and that each shou'd have their ahare. It bore the impress of good will and good feeling, and was founded, so far as the Court know, on strictly equitable principles. It was adopted by a vote ol 147 to 22 in a body where more than 4.000 preachers were re picsentsd. As to the powers of the General Confer ence the Court considers that they were as they Were originally, »nd that they were not affected by being < elegated to any lesser num ber, the reduction of numbers, or the repre sentative principle, being a necessary incident to the giowthof the country. They original ly had the powe r to make at many distinct or ganizations as they pleased. The conference had the same power in 1844 as in 1784, when the whole body acted for itself. 'I he Church, the piaint.ff* then say, became divided into dis inct bodies, Northern aud Southern, and that the South was entitled to its share of the property belonging to the bo dy. The Church owned a large amount of property, among which was the N. Y. Metho dist Book coucern, worth $750,000, but the agents of thisconcejn as well as the principals refused to allow any division. The plaintiffs farther say that a part of them are travelling ministers, and that they and 150 U other travelling ministers have an interest in this fund—that the chureh has about 460,- 000 members South, aud that there are about 639 00) North. The de'endents, (Messrs Peck, Bsngs and others, agents of the Book Concern, (acknowl s ge the adoption of the Resolat ons, tut state that they were intended to meet a contin gency which never occurred, and that tbe plan of separation was illegal because unconstitu tional, and further that the South in withdraw, ing did so voluntarily,'end thereby renounced all their privileges us owners of the Dook Concern. They acknowledge that the Book Concern was established by travelling preachers, and that it is to be applied to their relief, and the relief of their orphans, and also to the relief of superannuated preach an. The Court stated that the travelling preach ers claim their share of the fund now, as be fore separation. The establishment had pro duced large profits, had been conducted with great judgment but owed its prosperity mat ily to th > effects of the travelling preachers. The fund was originally intended tor their benefit, and if attempted to be changed, it would be the province of this court to prevent it. 11 o, r oh California.—' The Dalton Signal says: This seems to be the watchword, now, of our citizens; it is their daydream; their only hope seems to clatter aronnd it Ard we hardly wonder at it. The return of friends laden with the fruits of their toil, creates the reasonable desire that they, tuo, may share in tha golden gain. But a day or two sinoa, and oo Ibjb than $30,000 was deposited at tha branch mint at this place—quite tha lar gest deposit ever made hare in one day. Its effect i 9 being seen an J felt; our neighbors, many of them, whose eves hare beheld these "piles," are re*atirred in the mat er, and are now determined also on trying their chances At the present rata «f emigrants thither, we think tha time will soon be round when thar* will be aavan woman to one nun. THINGS IN MILLEDGEVILLE. J Correspondence of the Chronicle and Sentinel. j Milledgevillk. Nov. 13, 1831. Mr Editor: she House resumed the un finished business of last Tuesday, being the bill to amend the law of 1811, for the collec tion of Rent. By tho provisions of tha bill, as originally reported, an Agent, Attorney at Law, or in fact might, upon his affidavit, pro cures Distress Warrant for tbe Rent. Mr Trippe.cf Monroe, propo-ed a:t amend men', which was agreed to, that sat 1 Agent, &c., shall, in the affidavit, state tha’ he knew the debt had b°en contracted, and thfct tho rent upon which the warrarit was sought* was d ie and unpaid. The bill was oppt sed bv Messrs. McDougald, Ru-sell, Thurmond and Wofi'ord, and advocated bv Merer*. Henry, Stephens, Tift and Trippe, and finally passed by a vote of 61 yeas, 60 nays The bill to exempt Ministers of tho Gospel from workiDgou the public roads of this State, was passed by a vote of 110 to 19. Also, the bill to incorpora'e the Union Steam BoatOompany of Georgiaand South Carolina By a resolution of Mr. Harris, of ”lark, the several parts of the Governor’s Mee-age were referred to appropriate Committees The Resolution from the Senate, setting apart Thursday, the 27,h inst , as a day for Thanksgiving and praise, was concur.ed in by the Hr use. Mr. Bellinger, from DeKalb, la : d on the fa ble sundry resolutions concerning tho re ntoval of the seat of government, referring the whole subject to the people. At the next biennial elections for members of the Legislature, tee peopie will be cal led upon to endorse upon their tickets, At lanfa, Macon or MilledgevtUe, agr< eably to their preferences. In the meantime, tbe Go vernor will be directed to name committees, whose duties will be to ascertain what amount of money will ce subscribed by’Macon aud* Atlanta, respectively, to defray the expenses of removal, should the people, by thtir votes, decide upon one or tbe other of those places. The Chairman of the Committee on Privi leges and Elec ions, made a report on the con tested elec ions in Rabun and Seriv a. The report is favorable to the sitting metrVrsfrom those counties. The following bills were repor.ed in the Senate, and rtad the first time, By Mr. SI ughter: To lay off and -.rganise anew county from the counties of Paulding and Floyd By Mr. Foster : To amend the Ist action of the3dar r icle of the Cons'iiution of t‘ is State object of this bill is to s'rike out ill i words “being a Seaport or Port of Entry.” Also, to amend the Statute of Limi.,-tions. Aiso, to point out and define the strode of serving Writs of Scire Facias Also, to rcgulste ho practice in the S ipreme Court, and Superior Courts of ibis St.te, and tor other purposes By Mr Hardeman: To organise a new county, from Franklioand Elbert By Mr. Knigh : To provide mean 'or con struc iog the Brunswick and Florida I il Road, and to au horize the G<>v«rnor to sui oribe for Stock in behalf of tha State. Mr. Calhoun introduced into tl •• Senate, resolutions of similar import with n >e intro duced by Mr. Bellinger i to the Hon. *. L We learn from our New York M-hanges, that Sunday afternoon, J. Kearney It >gera, M- D , one of the most eminent surgeo* in 'ho Unfed States, suddenly died at his i isidence in that city. For the Chronicle <f- Sentinel The Convention of Cotton Planters. Messrs. Editors: In my last I pr- mised to give you my view 3 respecting the be t means for the cotton planters in the Southe i States to pursue against the present and j ispective ruinous prices of our great staple. < otfon has onlv been an article of general comm-ice about hslfa century. It has been the greatest blessing (next to food) the human race ever received Ctwvt mj uvtil All ica raw ana manuiacliir -d state, into immense regions of country, and the com- Eletionof this century will find ten millions of sles not too mu<’hfor the wants of the world. The merciful Providence, in the production, man uld dure and consutnpiion of it, seems to have had an eve of pity upon the human race. Wool, silk or flax bears no comparison to it. Such has been the great improvements in pro ducing and manufacturing it, that fur one dol lar a complete covering to clothe tho human body can be had, and in some climates half this sum U nearly sufficient, and if the price of the raw material was ten cents a pound, there would not be much difference in the price of tho clothing. If the labour necessary to make cotton, hod to be performed by white persons, it would not be less than one dollar a pound Its cultivation is evidently adapted to the block or colored races, and in this leepectis next to rice and sugar. To the negro race it is and will be »he greatest blessing upon the earth, being entirely destined, ultimately, to be their greatest article of export from Africa, in the next century, when coloniza tion gathers, in the course of time, the power which it will certainly do. To the white race, it now gives employment, food and raiment to millions —and there can be ho caleulations too saDguine to imagine what the next hundred years will show its effects upon the world. The cotton crop of the United States is now supposed to be worth about $?0,000,000 annually: when manufactured It is probably worth 9250,000,000. The wea.th of no region of the earth has been multiplied in the lime proportion from the labor employed upon It, as the cotton making States have been —yet strange to say no country has upon its face less evidences of wealth It has all, or nearly all been absorbed in increa«ing by purchase the physical labours of other States. We have wo n out our land, and show a most desolate,ruined country in laboring for the bene fits of other regions—lor no country can prosper if its soil deteriorates. Its wealth is only In its increased value. England, the northern and eastern States of this Union, have become enriched in an incalcu libie degree, almost entirely from the manufac turing of cotton. Their wealth enables them to build cities almost as by magic, Railroads and canals, costing millions annually. They import manures, thousand of miles, to manure their land. They can burn down half of a city almost for a frolic, and rebuild it in ten fold grandeur in three months They can spend a million, to hear a woman sing, and call her divine I whilst the southern planters are toiling and labouring from sun rise to sun set to make cotton for them to do all this, at about 5 cents a poun 1 ; wearing out his plantation and leaving it for the pesti lent regions of malaria and cholera, for him and his family to fi id an early grave. This is q melancholy comparison—but experience has proved it to be too true. It may bo asked, is there no remedy tor all this 1 are we to be “ hewers of wood and drawers of waier” for the rest of the world? If we do not, as a people, chjnge in a very great degree our general policy, we shall be all ruined, and l- ave nothing but desolation be hind us. Schemes as shit ping, exporting, importing an J foreign trade, are ail actually necessarv for the great benefit of all countries. These things will always be carried on by men who are distinct from the planter—his sole object ought to boos a particular character; if not as of old, in im proving his “fl icka and herds," he must im prove his lands, raise his supplies for supporting his working force , and not expend his increased annual substanco in purchasing negroes from distant States : these must be raised am mgst us. I boldly assert that we never shall see prosperity until this policy is pursued. As to the proposed plans of some men, in holding on to our cotton ; storing it and issuing bills oi re ceipts upon it in a kind of banking fashion— this Is ridiculous. Production and consumption; supply and demand make, use and destroy. Tho annual productions of the earth are necessary for tho annual wants of the people upon it. Cotton, aeeoon as it is made, had always bast be sold. Let the manufacturer diffuse his goods alao, as soon as possible, to tho merchant— but tie merchant to his customers. Let agriculture, commerce and consumption all take t»-cimpetu3 of the present great and rapid strides which are moving in all things for the general benefit of the human fii(ni!y--and then, and 11.4 until then, will live pi inters prosperity i.cjnl BimHAw, Correspondence of t‘le Chronicle if* Sentinel. Washinotoh Citt, Nov. 10. 1851. I have lead wit 1 greet sattsf tetiou the Inang. ural Address of your new Governor It commends itself to the pst-iet'.am of ever/ man, and will place it) author, as he rich / deserves to be, in the front rank* of,the truly great and national men of the Republic, Standing upon the platform of that Addrrs >, the Constitutional Union party wi'l be invin- cible— the rights of the South will be reaper led—and the Union of these States preserved. The developments of every eek, convi r:a me that the hope of the country is in a r 7 organization, ( national ) of political part, 1, As at present organized, all you canexpoct i to smother the flame tbat mus eventually d troy the Republic. It is contended by so■; that tie North must have time to change 1 t position, you must no' expect them to co i upbo'dly to the question, and sustain t : Compromise measures unconditionaily tn 1 wi’hout equivocation, but in the courte of time they will come to it. Away with such t policy. The South has lone its duty, and t o North must do theirs, not halfway, bn thoroughly and completely. You need 0; 7 look to the clectioLa which have taken pbt j and are taking place at the North, to convince the South that it is utterly hopeless to rely upon either of the present political organic i* lions, as security that the slavery ag tation h .a ended and that the Compromise is<t final set - mens of the question- Income localities t:,e one party appears sound, while in others i. ; < rotten to t,e core. For instance, Bigler, of Pennsylvania, occupies national ground, a:. 1 is elected, not by his own political friends, Lr it is generally admitted but for the vote of the Union Whigs, he would have been defeated, while if the issue could have been direcy m .de, independent of old paity orgamxaiu -j1 his majority woulu have baen much largJ* Mr. Bigler’s triumph is considered, and to/all appearance is a Democratic victjry. i i Massachusetts the same party figbt under 1 different flag—for instince Mr. Anson Bu - r lingame, whose name as a Sena onal eluci date appears on the regular Democratic licit t 1 for the County of Middlesex, in a late epaec he d th’s language: »« We mean 10 make slaveho'ding prima fade f c. idence against a man’s cap icily to hold 01/ice. “ II a slaveholder comes loyuu, and siys j ‘intro -5 ducemeto your w.ves and daughters.’ say ‘nu ! j eay ‘a man who sells wives and UuugtiteiS t-iiall n-t be entrusted with the honor of our houi s. [Ben?s -ticn. 1 Say to him ‘1 will not introduce you ainjii' my little ones, leit you instil into their youtntul minds sentiments bo’n 1/ the bittomLen put. 1 We will do here as the celebrated lush O’O-'-u H • did m the streets of Lon *on, reluse to ch.ltc itrdr r sit,ve stained I ends. A slaveholder can no ily he sh: ken by the hand among the batter clasaes 1a , England. We will make the same sentiment pre vail here ” And yet it is proposed that the two Si .0 send d degalea to a Na.ional Convention, 10 » nominate candidates for he firs', cilices m tite • Rep.iblL—and what isstil worse, it i» expect b ed that the South stiall meet them and unite - together in the unhallowed and unnuly con nexiou. Go to Uie Whig party xf the North and the same facts are presented, while you will find men in Beaton, New York, Connec ticut and almost every Nor.nern State, who are as national in sentiment as Mr. B g er, you 0 will find thousands as funiltcal as Mr. Burliu s game. . . . s Take another case, lhe late election in the a State of Wisconsin. E ery body knows that, , that State has been Damocratic/rum its youth, and never befjie sustained the Whig ticket. Now, however that the Whig c ndidate lor i Governor war more /reo «? i, be in every Northern State, whero the W'i:g9 • are in the minority, they wdi affiliate wi n the f free soilers, and so will the Detn>cras under • like circumstances. But if the Smith will go 1 'nto Convention only with tho-a who wi.l • stand toand abido t>jr what is known ae the, Georgia Pitt torm you immediately ci mline and concentrate the conservative eleute ia of both of the old political par ies, and the promi nent politician of either the Whig or Da -1 mocratio party who refuses to dose, '.hows himselfin opposition to the principles o: that I organization. It will cot do for nun to say, 1 that my political parly will carry out those principles, for he has no assuratcj that thoy will, whereas a c imbinaiiou ioi dial expressed objeat is mbovesuipicion The very lust that Northern politicians hod back and refuse to endorse and sustain the new organization, while at the same time, they sing hosannahs over the insults of that party, implies one of two hings—they are either insincere in thoir declarations of fidelity to the Compromise, or they are actuated by selfish motives, in cling ing to that fauaticism of the North, that they know may be beneficial to (hem, where their power is doubtful. I desire no better evidence of the correctness of the position of the Con stitutional Uniou party, than, that wherever the issue has been directly made, the people have rendered a verdict in thoir favor Be sides, the very politicians vho «eeua desirous of throwing cold water on the organization, are compelled to acknowledge their soundness and confess to tbeir virtue. If, as the North ern papers and speakers admit, the Con stitutonal Union party of the Sou h ha e done (heir whole duty in this vexed controver sy, and saved the Union from destruction, and if, as some allege, (he Democratic party occupies the sains platform, wnyisit, that these very m<- n, are opposed to the new organization 1 If it ia of them, and with thum, why not embrace them, and say to them, these are the principles for which wo have always contended, and we will meet you in Convention, at any time or place you may designate, for the purpose of carrying them out in good faith an 1 honesty. If, as some of the Whigs of the North contend, they are the true friend) of the Uniou, why are they so backward in embracing an orgau.aition, about which there can bo no doubt as to their objeo’f Ihe truth of the whole matter is, that the Constitutional Union party have the power now to control things as they please. Every Southern State must come to their platform, if they inten i to aland to their rights and se cure peace in the U mon ; and the Norh, un less they are prepared to dissolve the connex ten, must likewise yiald to their demands. Besides the final se lloment of the vexad q lestion of slavery, the moral effect of this new political organisation in restoring har mony anu good leeltug between tha North and the South, which I apprehend has almost been fatally estranged, will be of incaicu able benefit. And why should it not be ? We are the descendants ol a common ancestry. Our children have intermarried, aud we are one in blood, on in affeotion, ene in the domestic re latione of husband and wife, parent and child, one in Government, and 1 trust one in a destl -11111,1 k® brilliant, and can be obscured only br the folly or madness of an infuriated fanaticism. .. All Onsaaviß.” W*»t Salt— lt is estimated that from 30,000 to 40,01)0 bushels of Salt ara mads an* nually at Key West by solar evaporation. I'hs aalt is said to possess superior qualities lor saving meat and i« much sought after. Ihe busiasss is now carried ou t > a small ei< te t, out oan easily be extended a thousand fold, as the natural salt ponds are very exten sive. It is predicted tint it will become a very important trade in « few years at Key West.