Newspaper Page Text
Daily Chronicle & Sentinel
BY W. S. JONES.
Internal Improvements and Manufactories.
Mk. Wattereon :—As this seems to be the
axe of progress, and as the South and West parti
cularly, seem at last partially to have waked up
to a true sense of their interest with respect to
the subjects embraced in the caption of this ar
ticle, I propose through the medium of your
columns to add my mite to the many views that
have lately been given to the public in relation
thereto. I even do this under the firm convic
tion, however much I may be mistaken , that if the
views which I shall here suggest, or anything of
a similar nature and of the same tendency, should
ever be carried out by a concert, of action on the
part of the South and South-west, that the bene
ficial results would be startling in their character:
that it would effect a complete and peaceable re
volution in the way of trade in this country; that
it would eventually incline the balance of popu
lation, and of course of power from where it now
lies in the North to the South; in short, that it
would finally and more effectually than any con
viction ever yet thought of or acted upon by the
South, place her upon an eminence of safety with
regard to aggression upon her rights. The beauty
afimy system also consists still further in the fact,
that all this would be effected in a peaceable
manner, and without even looking towards a dis
ruption of those bonds of amity and concord,
which should always bind together the different
parts of this greatest fabric of a free government
the sun ever yet shone upon. The race which I
would propose to put on loot between the North
and South, would be one purely of energy and
enterprise, in which,and Isay it boldly,the South
has every advantage; that she has both whip and
reins in her own hands, and ifshe dont reach the
goal of success, she will owe it only to her own
blindness and fatuity. Indeed, it is a matter of
surprise to any one that will look calmly at the
subject, that the South, with all her natural ad
vantages, has thus far let the North so greatly
outstrip her in wealth, population and progress
"enerally. The causes which have led to this
result. I shall not at present attempt to decypher;
but will, instead, devote my attention exclusively
in this article to remedies for the future.
Byway of reducing my arguments to some
thing like order, I will observe that the above
description only exhibits, in my opinion, the
grand result of the right system of policy on the
part of the South; and that it becomes now ne
cessary to state what can be done by her as a
means , so as to effect this purpose; and that I will
afterwards attempt to point out, in my poor way,
at least one method by which a concert of action
might be brought about, and all of these desirable
results obtained.
The South, then, can if she chooses, for several
years to come, convert one-third of her population
into builders of railroads and manufactories, with
out being one dollar out of pocket while so doing.
■ She can do this, even supposing, byway of making
the position stronger, that their railroads and
manufactories should be swept away by a torna
do as soon as made, leaving no vestige of them
even to mark the spot upon which they had been
built. I mean by this that she would be as rich
in the aggregate, both in means and money, as be
tore all this had happened; but it is for the States,
as parents and guardians of the interests of their
people, to equalize the benefits and burthens of
such a system, should it ever be established.
Again, after these roads are built and manufac- j
tones established, the South can compete success- j
fully both with the North and Europe in the i
rnaufacture of cotton goods. She can do this for
several good and sufficient reasons, among which
1 will mention as most prominent—lst, that she
has the raw material at hand without expense of
transportation: 2d, that labor is cheaper here
than at the North, the price of a day laborer
there being generally S2O per month, while at
the South it is on an average not more than $lO ;
I allude of course, in this estimate to men, (as to
white girls, they have no suitable occupation at
any price by which to make their living, except
their ueedle, in this section of country ;) and last, !
but by no means of least importance, with the j
facilities of railroads and the Tehuantepec route j
opened, we will be the nearest part of the civiliz- j
ed world to the great mart of China—that mart j
which is destined in a very few years to effect a j
great revolution in the way of commercial ex- j
ports, and the difference in distance and facility j
of reaching which will be sensibly and beneficially !
iclt by the South, p: ovided she improves her op- j
portunity of laying down railroads, and establish- j
ing manufactories for heavy cotton goods.
Now all *f these premises being true,as above |
laid down, and that they are so, can be demon- j
strated with as great a mathematical certainty as j
any problem in Euclid, will not, and ought not i
the South to be considered “as mad in the ex- !
treme. and demented with the folly of her own !
dignity,” ifshe dont seize hold of circumstances 1
as they pass and improve them to her advantage!-
The secret of this whole matter lies in a nut-shell
and it is this, the South has a monopoly of cotton.
Vow is it a supposable case, that any individual
of ordinary capacity could have a monopoly in
any leading article of trade without getting enor
mously rich! I think that this will be granted
to be scarcely possible. Then if this principle
holds true with an individual, it will also hold ;
true with regard to States, provided they will act j
in concert and as one man.—This being therefore
a self-evident maxim , I will devote no more at- !
tention to it; but will endeavor to prove instead. I
that the principle upon which it is based,namely, j
that the South has a monopoly of cotton, is cor- j
iect. It is a w r ell known fact, that England has 1
been trying for several years past to raise up I
a rival to the United States in the matter of;
producing cotton. She has tried India, Africa,
and I know not what other countries and colo- ;
nies besides, for this purpose,but all in vain; and i
finding that this could not be done successfully, j
it has even been tried in that country latterly
to substitute the manufacture of flax for cotton.
As I see no mention of this, however, for the
last few months,l presume that it also is a failure.
But what does it all prove? It is not evident by
this that England sees and feels that we have
this monopoly? That the supply of her manu
factories depends altogether upon the fluctuation
of produce in this country, and as a necessary
consequence, if that produce should be small,
from war or any other cause, that she would
have to pay enormously for the amount of cotton j
to supply her wants, if it could be obtained at!
all! Evidently this is so. Then ifshe sees it j
and is trying to avoid the effects of it, why can’t '
we also see it, and appropriate its advantages? !
Certainly, it is the duty and privilege of every j
country, to seize the benelit of every circum- i
stance of soil and locality to advance its own !
interest.
Within the last 20 years,the increase of supply
of cotton from this country has been enormous,
so also has the increase of demand. But, un
fortunately for us, the increase of supply has
slightly exceeded that of the demand, which has
tended to reduce prices. Now it is a generally
admitted principle, that the price of an article
depends upon the supply and demand; it is also
equally as true, though not as generally well
known or admitted, that the value of most ar
ticles, and particularly of articles in the raw
state, (as cotton) the manufactories for which
must be supplied, is enhanced greatly more than
in the proportion of the fail ling off'in quantity.
A s an illustration of this I have only to adduce
the operations of the cotton market for the last
lew years, which is in the knowledge and re
membrance of all. Thus—previous to the year
1848 the increase of supply of cotton, was slight
ly greater than the increase of demand, and the
result was as might have been anticipated; it
fell off gradually in price until that year, when
the unprecedentdely large crop o 12,500,000 bales j
having been made in this country, it yielded the
planter the unheard of low price of from 4 to 8 j
eent* per pound. The next year, either from :
Ihe low price of the previous year or from some |
other cause, there was not as much cotton made
by some 500,000 bales, and what was the result
of that? Why that the 2,000,000 hales of the
year 1849, brought fully twice as much money
in the country, as the 2,500,000 ot the year be
fore. And the same effect will ever be produced
from the same cause! Whereas, the diminution
in quantity was only 25 per cent, the enhaced j
value was from 125 to 100 per cent. But to !
pursue the theme further. In 1850 the amount j
of the crop was about 2,300,000 bales, 300,000
more than in 1849, but which 300,000 it nearly |
but not quite required to supply the vacuum j
created by the deficit of the preceding year. ;
The result was that prices remained about the
same in 1849 until the close of the season, when
it being ascertained that the crop was a little
larger than anticipated,they somewhat declined.
For the present year, various estimates have
been made, but from the most reliable informa
tion it is believed that the crop will be a large
one, and the value has in consequence greatly
diminished.
Now all of this goes to prove that the price of
cotton depends almost altogether upon the supply
from this country—therefore that it is a mono
poly. And while this is the case and we can
contract the supply by a concert of action, it is ut
terly impossible for the demand to be contracted;
and this because the demand comes from various
quarters of the world, forbidding unity of action ;
and because moreover, from habit, jptton goods
have now become to be a necessity, io the grea
ter part of the world. But it maybe said that
there is no power in this free government, simi
lar to that of the Autocrat of Russia, which can
forbid the people from cultivating cotton, as
much as they please. That is true. But we
can use a two edged sword. We con conveit
the labor of one third of our population, by giv
ing the proper stimulus and assistance from the
States in their sovereign capacity, into the ma
king of railroads and manufactures; which while
it will improve our country in an eminent de
gree, will also bring in a much greater amount
of money from abroad, as the produce of cotton;
it will raise the price of corn and provisions of
every kind, to supply the wants of these laborers
upon internal improvements, &c.; in fine it will
raise the price of labor itself, and induce many
laboring men from the North to emigrate South,
and consequently give us a rapid growth in popu
lation, while it will greatly enhance the
value of our slaves. It is a great mistake
which supposes the reason of the North increas
ing in population so much faster than the South,
to be on account of slavery. It is because by the
system of things at the North, labor yields more
to the hand and consequently brings more in the
market. Let us reverse this order of things, and
the result will be a change of emigration and
tide of population in the same ratio; fur
ther result will be, that before a great many years
the balance of power itself will be transferred from
the North, where it now lays, to the South,
where it should belong; to preserve the constitu
tion inviolate upon the subject of slavery.
Having now stated as nearly and clearly as I
am able to do it, what I believe the South can do
as a means, and the general results which will
flow from such a course of policy; it only remains
that, according to promise and my poor capacitj’,
I should give my views as to one method at least
by which this all might be accomplished. As
before stated, concert of action on the part of the
cotton growing States is absolutely necessary. —
Now, can this be effected, by the Legislature of
someone of those States taking it upon itself to
invite the co-operation of the Legislatures of the
other States; each State appointing a committee
of a few men to meet those of the other States in
a Southern peaceable Congress to consult upon the
best course of action; the decision of which Con
gress would no doubt *be morally binding upon
the Legislature of every State. This ofcour.se
is only a suggestion of my own. There are no
doubt many other ways which would be infinite
ly better. But so the purpose is effected, it will
be immaterial as to the means by which it is
done.
In conclusion let me observe, that I am not
vain enough to suppose that what has been here
written by an obscure individual will receive
from the public more than a passing notice.
They are my firm convictions nevertheless, and
although it may do no good to have published
them, lam satisfied it will do no injury. What
is imperatively called for upon the part of the
South in these premises, is action, action, action.
We have talked and written about it long
enough; and I have no doubt that it is the opinion
of every informed man that Some such a course
of policy, as here suggested, should be pursued;
but nothing has yet been done in a regular, sys
tematic manner. While it is absolutely impos
sible for any thing io be done in this behalf by indi
viduals, only in a lame and impotent manner, it
is the easiest thing imaginable for the States to
effect great things by acting in concert and as
one man. If we would only devote one-hali the
time and talents to tjiis subject that hare been
given to disunion and secession conventions,
great results would unquestionably be obtained;
and in short, if the advice of an humble individ
ual is followed, instead of cutting the gordian
knot of our difficulties with the North, jvith the
sword, like the'great Alexander of ancient days, as
seems to have been contemplated, we will on
the contrary remodel and wreathe it into a “bow
of promise” to last for many generations, and so
be as a sign and light for other nations wishing
to tread the same path of liberty, fraternity and
equality.
J. H. W.
Michael Kelly. —Two commedians'having
laid a wager as to which of them sang best, they
agreed to refer it to Kelly, who undertook to be
arbitrator on this occasion. A day was accor
dingly agreed on, and both the parties executed
to the best of their abilities before him. As
soon as they had finished, he proceeded to give
judgment in the following manner: ”As for you,
sir.” addressing himself to the first, “you are the
ivorst singer I ever heard in my life.” “Ah,”
said the other exultingly, “I knew I should win
my wager.” “Stop sir,” said the arbitrator, “I
have a word to say to you belore you go, which
is this, that as for you, you cannot sing at all! ”
We find, on a scrap in our “drawer,” this pas
sage from a learned lecture by a German adven
turer in London, one “Baron Nofadullbrainz.”—
He is illustrating the great glory of Mechanics,
as a science. “He ting dat is made is more su
perior dan de maker. I shall show you how in
some tings. Suppose I make de round wheel of
de coach? Ver well; dat wheel roll five hundred
mile!—and 1 cannot roll one, myself! Suppose
I am de cooper, what you call, and I make de
big tub to hold de wine? He hold tuns and
gallons; and I cannot hold more as five bottle!!
So you see dat ue ting dat is made is more supe
rior dan de maker! :
Borax. —This very useful article is extensive
ly manufactured in Tuscany: no less than 7,500
lbs. of boracicare produced every day. The re
venue amounts to 10,000,000 francs per annum.
Borax is a sub-carbonate of soda, and is much
used for welding purposes, also as a wash for the
hair, and as a gargle for diseased throats.-
Died. —William Thompson, who was stabbed
on Sunday night last, while walking in Bryan
street, died at the Hospital on Monday morning,
form the effect of his wounds. He received three
severe wounds, all of which were of a serious
nature. — Savannah News, ‘MI inst.
Drowned. —As the Charleston steamer was
leaving her wharf yesterday morning at 4 o’clock,
a man, whose name we did not learn, accidently
fell into the river from the wharf and was
drowned. Those present made every effort to
save him, but it was unavailing. His body was
recovered and taken charge of by the Coroner. —
lb.
Died Suddenly. —Mr. M. L. Morrell, about
25 years of age, and a native of Maine, died from
an apoplectic fit, yesterday. He was one of the
Custom House Boat hands, and wo are told was j
a worthy and good citizen. —lb.
AUGUST A, GA.
FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 5
JOB PRINTING.
Having saved our Job Printing
Press, and a portion of our Job Type,
to which considerable additions have
already been made, by accessions
from the New York and Philadel
phia Foundries, we beg leave to an
nounce to our friends, that we are
prepared to execute their Jobs with
neatness and despatch.
In a few weeks, however, we
shall receive our new Presses, with a
large supply of Job Type and other
material, making our Job Establish
ment one of the most complete, in all
its appointments, in the Southern
States.
OUR EVENING EDITION.
Unlil we can get our own presses in operation,
we shall be compelled to send to our Evening
Edition subscribers the Evening Edition of the
Constitutionalist & Republic, worked on the out
side of our Morning Edition. This arrangement
is necessary, because having no press of our own,
our press work is done at the Constitutionalist
office, and time is not allowed to change the
forms on the press in season for the mail.
Done Reconnoitring.
When was that, recon noissance effected which
the Southern Rights men were to make before
entering into “the great National Democratic
Wigwam V ’ “It is natural that Southern Rights
men should be wary and suspicious.” What can
have occurred to lull their suspicions and entice
these “ wary ” souls, with their endangered
“principles,” so hastily into the wigwam?—
Have they succeeded already in ascertaining
“ who are likely to get the high seats in the
Councils of the Sachems?” Have they learned
“ what sort of influences are at work there ?”
These questions we have been induced to ask ?
by the following exposition of the extreme cau
tion with which the Southern Rights party in
tended to inspect the Democratic party before
forming an alliance:
“ The Washington Union holds w ide open to
the Southern Rights men the doors which lead
into the National Democratic Wigwam, and in
vites them in.
We presume they will reconnoitre a little, and
watch who go into it, and are admitted into full
fellowship, who are likely to get the high seats
in the Councils of the Sachems, and what sort of
influences are at wor c the e, before many of them
avail themselves too readily of the invitation.
* # * * * *■
It is natural, then, that Southern Rights men
should be wary and suspicious. They should
watch the course of the Democratic party and
note well its dominant influences, lest in trusting
to its support of State Rights principles, they
should find those princip’es engulphed and over
whplmed.”—Constitutionalist 4' Republic, Oct.
21 st, 1851.
It is very evident that all the important doubts
entertained by the Southern Rights party upon
the subject of trusting to the Democratic party
“ the support of State Rights principles,” have
been solved and their objections vanished into
thin air. With confiding faith, they have ceased
“to reconnoitre,” and entered—“/or better—for
worse ” —into the invitingly open doors of De
mocracy. The question whether those doors are
wide enough to admit Prince John and his barn
burning retainers, has ceased to give them trou
ble. Houseless —homeless —worse than all, to
their disinterested natures, qfficeless, they must
enter the wigwam apace and get out of the
weather. Witness the following “ fixed fact,”
peering forth from the “fog” in which politics
at Milledgeville are enveloped. It is one of the
few things “ which may be set down as certain:”
“ Upon the whole, political matters are still in
a fog. There are a few things, only, which may
be set down as certain. • Cobb is elected Govern
or—Toombs is elected Senator; but the Consti
tutional Union party has not been democratized.
It may turn out a good old-fashioned Whig party
yet. The Southern Rights party is democratized.
Its uniformly declared principles make it Demo
cratic. and it will be represented in the Baltimore
Democratic Convention.'' — Const, Repub. Nov. 14.
It may be proper to state, that the foregoing
remarks were penned and would have appeared
the morning after the late fire. What was writ
ten in the spirit of prophecy then by the Con
stitutionalist 4' Republic, is history now. The
Sachems of “ the Cofiin line ” have actually de
termined to send delegates to the Baltimore Con
vention, without inquiring who may be admitted
besides themselves. They may meet there in
fraternal embrace with Martin and John Van
Buiien, Wilmot, Hale, Sumner, Preston Kino
and a host of other Freesoilers; that is matter
of little consequence, they are houseless, and they
seem willing to seek shelter under any roof, pro
tection under any flag, that promises to reward
them, to give them spoils.
Since the foregoing was prepared, we have met
with the following extracts from the Columbusi
Miss., Standard, a journal that supported, with
marked ability, the Secession party of that State
throughout the late canvass, and cordially ap
proved the recommendation of the Nashville
Convention to send no more delegates from the
South to a National Convention. The article of
the Standard was called forth by a published
call for a State Convention, to send delegates to
the National Democratic Convention at Balti
more, and the Editor exposes with great power
and boldness the inconsistency and dishonesty of
the leaders ol the party in that State. In Geor
gia, the same proposition has been made and
adopted by the 6ame party; hence, the applica
tion of the Standard's remarks :
“It is now proposed to disband the State
Rights party in Mississippi. It is proposed to
say to the people of Mississippi, and of the
Union, that we have been playing a miserable
game, unworthy of men ; that all our denuncia
tion of the North was mere cant, base hypocri
sy, and was done alone with a view to deceive
the people and secure success—office ! office !
It is proposed to meet on terms of disadvantage those
very men we have charged again and again with I
having aided in not oidy wronging and defrauding , 1
but actually degrading the South. It is proposed ,
to go into a convention and again embroil our
party, sacrifice our principles, and for what ? :
That we may aid those who have shown a wil
ling disposition to sacrifice our institutions to
their ambition, to obtain the very means— j
power to destroy us ? If the State Rights
party is prepared for this sudden change, and is
ready to strike hands without conditions with
the North, for a chance at the Presidency and
the patronage of the government, we are sincere
ly glad to hi tow that it is now, and hope it may ever
continue in the minority. If it is so corrupt and so
degrading that it will meet those in whegn it hasagain
and again proclaimed it had no confidence, and pre
pare platforms as fallacious as they are deceptive.and
then attempt to cheat the people into their support, we
think it fortunate that a Union party does exist ca
pable of controlling the action of the State.' 1 11' 1
* * * * * #
“ Was it in fact a mere trick of party, when the
resolutions of the last November Nashville Conven
tion were applauded and adopted in this Stale by the
State Rights Press. Really, we thought the Press
meant uihat it said ! But we were, perhaps, a little
too quick informing our judgment , for had we de
layed only twelve months , we should have had
proof that it teas all gammon.
It is not a pleasant consideration, but nothing
can furnish a lesson so instructive to those who
follow alter us, as the miserable shifts and open
abandonment by that party which has pretend
ed to assume the guardianship of the institutions
of the South, to inculcate the doctrine of State
Rights and a strict construction of the Constitu
tion. Those who proposet ogo into a Convention
without conditions,with men who deny the rights
of the States, and war upon the institutions of the
South, clearly abandon all ot the principles they
pretended bound them together, to the guardian
ship of their avowed foes. They abandon
under one pretext a line of policy, but six months
since they were pledged by every consideration
both as to duty and patriotism to maintain ; and
under another they meanly sneak out of appa
rent difficulties, under the invention of some
miserable tale wholly unworthy of the vaun
ted patriotism which it was pretended actuated
them, and into which they not only proudly
strutted, hut denounced others for not blindly
following. The v are put to all these shifts and
mean devices, full of mischief and ruin, in or
der to escape doing what they stand pledged to
do as honest men and true Southrons.
“Can the State Rights party go into a National
organization ? Let us examine this. The par
ty lay it down as the first element of its adhe
sion, that a State possesses the right to secede.
The Northern democracy almost universally de
ny this right. The party asserts that the gener
al Government possesses no power to ceerce a
seceding State. The Northern democracy claim
this right for the general government. The par
ty claims that the citizens of the Union have
the right of settling with any species of pro
perty, known and recognized as such by any
State, in any territory belonging to the Union,
and that it is the duty of Congress to afford full
and complete protection to the citizen and the
enjoyment of his property. The Northern de
mocracy claims for and has exercised the pow
er by Congress, of excluding the slave property
from the territory belonging to the Union, and of
taking actual jurisdiction over it on territory
owned by the Union, and carrying that juris
diction to the extent of emancipating the slave.
Now, without being factious, we would ask
whether the State Rights party or the Northern
democracy are to give up their principles ? It
really seems as though the South was not only
bound to be defrauded and degraded, but the par
ty pledged to its support, is the very first to pro
pose a coalition in which she is necessarily
bound to he the sacrifice.
Will the Southern State Rights party go into
a convention, the controlling mass of which is
opposed to the extension of slavery ? Will that
party conform to and abide by the action of that
convention ? What are the leading features of
the Northern Democracy ? We see in N. York
that it is partly controlled by John Van Buren,
and is wholly committed to freesoil doctrines.—
The Ohio democracy is essentially rotten, and
Pennsylvania is not sound. It is the duty then
of the Northern Democracy to propose concessions ;
the South will listen to any fair proposition, and
if the Northern Democracy are not disposed eith
er to deceive or cheat the South, it will give us a
man we can support and a platform free from
ambiguities. But if the sacrifices are all to be
made by the South —if she is to be the entire
victim, it will savor too much of that charity
which sensible men ridicule and fools run after.
‘ Be ye not unequally yoked,’ saith Paul, ‘ with
unbelievers; for what fellowship hath righteous
ness with unrighteousness V And what com
munion hath light with darkness V
‘And what concord hath Christ with Belial ?
or what part hath he that believeth with an in
fidel V »
Mississippi. —The Senate, in Extra
have elected the Hon. James Whitfield of
Lowndes county, President. Mr. W. will there
fore be the acting Governor of the State until
Gov. Foote is inaugurated in January.
The Flag of the Union classifies the present
Legislature thus:
“ According to our estimate, the Senate will
stand 21 State Rights to 11 Union members.—
The House of Representatives 32 State Rights
to G 6 Union members. This will give 10 ma
jority to the State Rights Democrats in the Sen
ate, and 34 majority to the Union members in
the House, or a majority in favor of the Union
party on joint ballot of 24.”
Os the Senators 15 held over, of whom 12
were secessionists.
[communicated.]
Mr. Editor :—Will you permit me, through tho
medium of your paper, to make a few suggestions
on “Common School Education,” to the agents of
the “dear people.”
Would it not be as well to give the present system
a fair trial, before throwing it aside to try another
perhaps equally as faulty ? Tho present system is
not, and has not been, carried out in the spirit of tho
law.JJI believe it would be all efficient if tho same
amount of funds and taxes were provided for it, as
will be necessary to carry out the plan proposed by
tho Convention; while the expenso of superin
tendents, school houses, and useless apparatus
(useless, bocauso cheap teachers know not how to
use it) will bo saved.
If but few children have access to schools under
the present system, it is bcoausc tho rates of tuition
do not pay for tho talent required. At least forty
pupils, attending during tho entire scholastic year*
are necessary, at tho present rates, (.s■'! per quarter )
to pay a man who is qualified to teach. Very few
neighborhoods have that number ; many have half
of it.
Whore there arc country schools, the teacher en
gaged by a select few, tho doors are seldom opened
to the poor, partly because thoy cannot, or will not
buy the proper books, and partly because the col
lecting from the country is too often attended with
trouble and delay. I have known many cases of
each, and doubtless they aro of constant occurcrnce.
Let the present rates of tuition be doubled, and
books supplied, and wo will have teachers of tho
proper calibre, and pupils to be taught. Teachers
arc men and have use for money. Their services
should, at loast, command os much as morchnnt's
clerks. Mako it their interest to seek out tho poor;
and in place of closing the door against tho un
brecched urchin, as is now done, they will go out
into tho highways and byways, and “drag tho strug
gling savage into day." 8.
An ingenious application of the steam engine
has lately been made in the unloading ot coal
vessels in the Thames, by which two hundred
tons can be delivered per day at the rate of twen
ty tons per hour, and at a very considerable re
duction of expense. These engines can be used
on board of vessels for doing all sorts of heavy ,
Work, such as pumping, weighing anchor, warp- ,
ing, See.
North Carolina will soon have a very large
and fine building at the capital of the State for
the reception of the Insane. It has been liberal
ly endowed by the State, the Legislature having
been incited to the good work chiefly by the ju
dicious and persevering efforts of Miss Dix.
Legislative Proceedings.
Milledgeville, Dec. 2, 1851.
Mr. Bartow, from the Committee on Internal
Improvements, introduced a bill for the govern
ment and management of the Western & At
lantic Railroad. As there is but little doubt of
its passage, perhaps with numerous amendments
and modifications, I send you a synopsis of its
principal provisions in its present original shape.
It empowers the Governor to appoint the
principal officer, styled the Superintendant, who
is to hold his office for two years, or until his
successor is appointed and qualified—he is sub
ject to removal, by the Governor, for any dis
qualifications—may be re-appointed, from term
to term—will be required to give bond, with ap
proved sureties, to the amount of $20,000. Some
of his duties are, to conduct the operations of the
Road, in relation to its construction, equipment
and general management—to appoint his sub
ordinate officers, with the consent and approval
of the Governor —he shall establish rates for the
transportation of merchandise, and for the con
veyance of passengers—he shall make all neces
sary arrangements with other Railroads—all
contracts which he may enter into, over $ ,
shall be subject to the approval or rejection of
the Governor—he may sue and be sued, in his
official character—he may impose penalties for
neglect of duty—he shall have as prompt settle
ments as possible—he will be required to make
quarterly reports of his transactions to the Gov
ernor, who shall have ttem published in the
newspapers of Milledgeville—his salary shall be
$3,000 per annum—before he shall enter upon
the performance of his duties, he shall take and
subscribe an oath, faithfully and impartially, to
discharge all the duties appertaining to his office
—that he will not make, nor permit to be made,
any discrimination, for or against other Rail
roads, &c.
The Governor is further authorised to appoint
a Treasurer, whose salary shall be $2,000 per an
num. There shall also be an Auditor, to exam
ine all accounts, with a salary of $1,500 per
annum. No Agent will be permitted to allow
credit for freights, nor shall any goods be re
moved from the custody of such Agents, till the
freight shall have been paid, except in cases
where the freights have been collected by other
Railroads. Every Conductor will be required
to settle at the end of every trip—passengers
neglecting to purchase tickets at the several sta
tions, from the Agents, shall be charged an extra
price.
Such are some of the leading provisions of
this very important bill. It is ordered to be
printed, but as it is uncertain when that will be
done, I preferred supplying you with the fore
going meagre abstract, in anticipation.
? THE HOUSE.
The House resumed the consideration of the
unfinished special order of last Wednesday—the
bill for the pardon of G. D. Cornet.
1 Mr. Thurmond opened the debate. He main*
- tained that the present, is a clearer case of man
-1 slaughter, than that of Bishop, whom this Legis
i lature pardoned—that no malice can be es
» tablished from the testimony—did not deny that
r it is a very aggravated case of manslaughter, and
■ would rejoice if the Constitution permitted him
. to vote for a commutation of the sentence, to
■ confinement in the penitentiary. He spoke ol
, the excitement prevailing in Madison, during
. the trial, and thought it quite improbable, that a
people could, at such a time, award impartial
justice to a fellow creature. He said there was
j no malice or deliberation in the act, inasmuch as
the stabbing was immediately consequent upon
a blow received from the deceased. He defined
violence to be any assault upon the person, such
. as a slap, a pulling of the nose—the latter he de
nominated a great assault; and yet, gentlemen
assert, he said, that there was no assault or bat
. tery in this case. Having examined the testi
; mony, he came to the conclusion, that the pres
ent is not a case of murder, because Cornet did
not go to that place with any malice or inten
tion to commit any offence, but was provoked to
it, by the insults and assaults of the deceased.
Mr. Russell followed, on the same side, in a
long and ingenious argument, and an impassioned
appeal to the mercy and sympathy of the mem
bers.
Mr. Mobley succeeded, taking the same views
• of the circumstances of the case, as the preceding
speakers. He was followed by Mr. Floyd, who,
as his speech indicated, strived to prove, from the
law, and the facts of the case, that the crime
charged upon the accused, cannot be less than
murder.
Mr. F. having concluded, Mr. Milledge moved
for an adjournment to this afternoon. He is,
therefore, entitled to the floor, in the continua
tion of the investigation.
SENATE.
The Senate employed the entire forenoon in
discussing the merits of the “ Woman’s Bill,’’ as
it is popularly called here. The following Sena
tors advocated its passage, in speeches of much
ability: Messrs. Bethune, Calhoun, McCune,
and Simmons. The following Senators, some of
them at great length, and with much fervor of
eloquence and sarcastic wit, opposed it: Messrs.
Jno. L. Byrd, Harman, Mosely, Moore, and
Slaughter.
As this bill has excited a good deal of interest
in the public mind, I send you the yeas and nays
on it. The vote is so close, that there can be
little doubt of its re-consideration. What its
ultimate fate will be, we shall see :
Yeas. —Messrs. Anderson. Bethune, Connelly,
Calhoun, Day, Dickinson, Flournoy, Flewellen,
Hicks, Hardeman, McCune, Reed, Stroud, Sim
mons, Tumlin, Wolfe, Wellborn, Watters—lß.
Nays.— Messrs. Bryan, Butler, Beavers, J. L.
Byrd, P. M. Byrd, Cone, Coffee, Chappell, Farris,
Harris, Hannan, Knight, Little, Mosely, Moore,
Ross, Slaughter,
Three o'clock, P. M.
house.
Mr. Milledge took the floor, this afternoon, in
favor of Cornet, and in a speech of an hour and !
a quarter, reviewed the testimony critically, J
taking the ground, that Cornet is guilty of no '
higher offence than manslaughter. He placed
much stress upon the fact, that the prisoners ‘
trial, taking place so soon after the commission i
of the oflence, (within sixteen or seventeen c
days,) the community were too highly exaspe
rated and incensed by the freshueM of the cur.
cumstances attending the crime, to do impartial
justice to the prisoner. In support of tHe remark,
he alluded to a petition, signed by one hundred
and fifty citizens of Moigan, to Gov. Towns, to
withhold his respite. At the conclusion of his
argument, the question was called, and the Cleik
proceeded to the calling of yeas and nays;
during which a solemn silence prevailed. On
the passage of the bill, the yeas were 63. nays
38.-
Concert Hall—Theatre.
This is the last night but one of Messrs. Jef
ferson & Ellsler s Company in our city, and by
particular request, the tragedy of Hamlet will be
repeated.
Philadelphia, Dec. 1.
The testimony given before the Court this
afternoon in the case of Hanaway, was to the
effect that a meeting had been held in the neigh
borhood of Christiana by the Anti-Slavery Socie
ty last Spring, at which the Fugitive Slave Law
was discussed, but the witnesses could not tell
whether Hanaway was there or not. John
Roberts, a negro boy, testified to seeing Jos. Scar
let, one of the white prisoners, come to his father’s
house about sunrise on the morning of the mur
der. on horseback. Scarlet told him there were
Kidnappers at Parker’s house, and requested him
to inform the colored people. Witness got a gun,
had it loaded and went to the scene of action
Sarn’l Hanson, a negro boy, testified to seeing
Hanaway on the battle ground (as he termed it)
among the negroes. Witness was informed by
Geo. Powe.l, a white man, that Kidnappers were
at Parker’s house. He went up there but did
not arrive till the fight was over. . He heard
much firing as he approached and saw the ne
groes armed, saw old Mr. Gorsuch lying on the
ground, but could not say whether lie was dead
or not.
Jacob Woods, negro, testified to seeing Hana
way in the lane leading to Parker's house, ap
parently talking to officer Kline. Was told by
one of the white persons named Lewis that Kid
nappers were at Parker’s house—saw and heard
the firing, became frightened and ran away to
the barn. The clothing of old Mr. Gorsuch, the
vests of Dickerson Gorsuch and Dr. Pearce were
brought into Court during the evidence and were
all much perforated as though by bullets and
knives.
The testimony for the U. States here A ed.
1 heodore Cuyler will open to-rrorroWmiorn
ing for the defence.
Pleasing Deception.— A late French paper
states, among its anecdotes, that a well-presei
ved widow in Paris recently married a youthful
poet. After the wedding, she took him aside,
and, in a penitential tone, begged his forgiveness
for having deceived him in declaring that her in
come amounted to two thousand dollars a year.
“And you havn’t it?” asked the poet—adding
aftei a momemt, “well it’s of no consequence—
don’ttrouble your head, about such a trifle!”
‘ But you misunderstand me,” said the bride;“l
only misstated the amount— it is twenty thous
and!” The account states that the poet pardon
ed her, the other way, witheqval facility.
[Telegrap/ud for the Charleston Mercury]
New-Or leans, Dec. 3.
The sales of cotton to-day reached 5800 bales,
at easier prices, without quotable change; Mid
dling Fair, 7j. Bacon has declined : S'des. 9.
Whisky, 194 a 20, which is a decline. Rice, 31 a
34.
Columbia, Dec. 3.
In the Senate, thebill calling the Convention
on the 4th Monday in April, was taken up,
and on the question of ordering it to a se
cond reading it was decided in the affirmative
—ayes 32, noes 9. The noes were Messrs. Can
non, Dudley. Gaus, Manning, Moses, Skipper,
Townsend, Ware, Wotherspoon. Messrs. Bedon,
Irby and John Wilson were absent.
In the House, the Joint Stock Bank bill was.
discussed.
MARRIED,
la DeK;vlb county, Ga.. on the 20th inst., bv John
Stewart. Esq., Mr. JAMES M. tIUEY, to Miss HANNAH
ARNOLD, all of DeKalb.
On the evening of the 27th of Nov.. 1851, at the resi
dence of Edward Broughton, by the Rev. C. D. Mallory,
Mr. JOHN H. LONG, of Troup countv, to Miss FRAN
CES E. BROUGHTON.
CwnwrrW.
Augusta Market, Dec. 4, P. M.
COTTON.—There lias been a fair demand to-day, and
the market was firmer. The steamer's news is anxious
j ly looked for.
MACON. Ga., Dec. 3
j Receipts of Cotton into Warehouses in No
vember. 1850, bales... 23,254
I Receipts for do., 1831, “ ...11,9.02
Decrease of receipts i! .. 11,302
Stock .of Cotton Ist Dec., 1850.. .bales,.. 21.209
j ‘ 1851,.. '• ..17,378
Decrease...., .. 3,831
Total receipts to Ist December, 1550,. .halos.. .50.227
u ” “ •• 1851... *• . .25,37 s
i
Decrease. •• ..24,385
I Total receipts by Macon and Western Rail Bowl in
November, fi,825 hales, of which 5.008 were sent to Cen
tral Railroad, and 817 to Warehouses. Shipped by Cen
tral Railroad to Savaunah during the month, (including
through shipments.) 7,437 bales.
Sales in this market, for a few days past, have been
generally from ti to 7) cents. The quota of the
New Orleans market on the 20th are. forstrinly mid
dling 7jja7J. Charleston, same date and quality, ■
Hfg' est quotation, 7J.
SAVANNAH, Nov. 4.— Cotton. —There was very little
enquiry for Cotton yesterday. The transactions were
limited to 242 bales at prices ranging from 0| to 8 cents.
A small lot. ot choice brought cents. Prices verv ir
regular, and in favor of buyers.
SAVANNAH EXPORTS. DEC. 3.
For Boston, brig Frances Jane—99.443 feet Timber
and 4.000 feet Lumber.
wMpnaMlßwi-iwii nm—mil inn1111,1 , Mil ii■■ _i_inm.ii ■— ■■■!! !■
§1) Wring Jiifrtligrnrtt
ARRIVALS PROM CHARLESTON.
Ship Fortitudo, Lord, Mobile.
CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON.
Sohr. Aurora S, Carutliers, at Baltimore.
Schr. Naiad, Watts, at Baltimore.
SAILED FOR CHARLESTON.
Schr. F. Copeland & Co.. Bennett, from Richmond, Ya
CHARLESTON, Dee. 4.—Arr. C. L. hark Carolina.
Sherwood, from New York—34 days; Schr. Isabella,
(laze. Mataucas—ft days; Schr. Ann llamhleton. Lin
den, Baltimore ; Sclir. E. B. Hackburn, Thompson, Wil
mington (N. C.)
Cld. Br. ship Triton. Smith. Liverpool; ship Napoleou,
Hunt. Boston ; R. L. schr. Monterey, Curtis, Philndel'a.
Went to Sea, steamship Osprey, Power, Philadelphia;
ship J P Harvard, Andros, New Orleans; hark Cornelia
L Reran, Noble, Genoa; brig Palo Alto, Spencer, West
Indies; brig Gulnure, Phillips. West Indies; llr schr
Tweed, Petty, Harbor Island, (Hah)'; schr Elizabeth.
Leo, N#"‘ York; sehr E Weaver, Brock, Philadelphia,
schr Truth, linker, Baltimore; schr (1 M Robertson,
Booze, Baltimore; schr Gasabeas, . a Northern
port; schr J M Baylies, Baylies, Savannah.
SAVANNAH, Doc. 3.—Arrived Br. ship Samuel, Mor
ris. Liverpool, via New York.
Cleared, brig'Frances Jane, Alexander, Boston.
Went to Sea, brig Annandale, Sherman, Cardenas.
, PINE PERFUMERY.
THE Ladies and Gentlemen of Augusta are in*
vitod to call and examine n choioe lot of S«*
looted PERFUMERY, lately received direct from
the Manufacturers. Auion<» which are some {in*
varieties of Cologno, and other Toilet Waters. _<» n '
oy Soaps, Hair Oils, Cosmetics, Ac,, Ao., all of
porior quality, and lor sale low for oash, at the City
Drug Store, by doe 4 \YM. HAINES^
THE LITERARY PROGRESS OF GEORGIA.
AN ADDRESS doliverod in the College Chipol
at Athens, boforo tho Society of Alumni, and
at their request, on Thursday, August 7, 1851, be
ing tho semi-Centonninl Anniversary of Franklin
by lion. Goo. R. Gilmer. Just published
and for sale at * GEO. A. OATES &CO 'S
Piano, Book and Music Depot, Broad it.
dec 4