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TRI-WHIT CHROME & ffllHL
--■- - - : ■
WILLIAM s. JONES.
I [From the Baltimore Sun.)
iual Report of the Secretary of th. Nary,
annual report of the Hon. Wm. A. Gra
iecretary of the Navy, occupies nearly live
ns of the Republic, and gives an interesting
t of the condition of the public service un
super vision.
report commences by noting the move
of our several naval squadrons during the
compliments Com. Platt, of the Albany,
energy he displayed at Havana, during
? invasion of Cuba—refers to the trip of
ssissippi to the coast of Turkey, to take
d Gen. Kossuth, and her return to the U.
-and announces that the Independence,
y U. S. vessel in the Mediterranean, has I
dered home, being unsuited for winter
[ in that sea.
African squadron, under Com. Lavalette.
n assiduously and successfully engaged,
y the English squadron, in suppressing
re trade, but as Brazil has abolished the
ade among her subjects, it is proposed to
Great Britain of our determination to
iw our squadron altogether from the Afri
st, and increase it on the coast of Brazil,
the Home Squadron to guard the use of
; for the slave trade with the Spanish West
Such an arrangement, it is believed,
more cortainly conduce to the suppression
slave trade, and at the same time promote
Ith of the officersand crews of our vessels.
xnc Bainbridge, of the Brazil squadron, has
been ordered to relieve the Perry on the African
Coas*-, the latter being ordered home.
The Brazil squadron is under the command of
I Commodore McKeever, and its efficiency is duly
| commended, as are also the Mediterranean squad
ron, Corn. Morgan; the Home squadron, Com.
Parker; Pacific Auadron, Com. McCauley; and
the East India sAqrdron, Com. Aulick, who is on
ins way out in the Susquehanna. The Marion
will be relieved on the arrival out of the Susque
hanna and Plymouth, and return home by the
way of the Cape of Good Hope, bringing, it is
expected, valuable varieties of the seed or root of
the sugar cane, and also of the teaplant, collected
under the orders of the Department for distribu
tion in the sections of our country adapted to their
cultivation.
In all quarters of the globe our vessels have
jbeen cordially received, and the officers well
treated. The interests of commerce, internation
al peace and friendship are, it is believed, prompt
ed by the visits of our armed vessels, and the dis
play of our flag on foreign shores.
It is recommended that the officers and men of
the late Grinnell expedition be allowed the same
pay and emoluments that were granted to those
in like positions in the late exploring expedition
to the South Seas. Mr. Grinnell has offered his
vessels again, should Congress see fit to authorise
a second expedition in search of Sir John Frank
lin.
The brig Dolphin, Lieut. Lee, has been des
patched to test new routes on the ocean, pointed
out by the superintendent of the observatory, and
favorable results are anticipated. During the
year, ninety officers have been enfiployied on the
‘coast survey, the supervision of which it is re
commended should be referred to the Navy De
partment.
The coast of the large stone dock at Brooklyn,
has been $2,146,255 36. It was so far complet
ed in August as to be delivered to the comman
dant of the yard. The floating sectional dock
S basin and railway at Philadelphia, is reported
} ready for delivery, and the one at Porsmouth, N.
! H.. nearly ready. The balance dock, at Pensa-
I cola, will not be ready before the ensuing sum
[ mer. The floating sectional dock on San Fran-
I cisco Bay has been contracted for at $610,000,
j and will be competed in two years from May
| last. Its location cannot be determined until the
I site for a navy yard is selected. The dock, it is
suggested, when not in use for the repair of naval
| vessels, may be used by merchant vessels. Ade
-1 quate appropriations are urged for the San Fran
cisco navy yard. 1
Messrs Wells & Gowan, ofßoston, have con
j tracted to remove the wreck of the steamer Mis
[ souri from the Bay of Gibraltar, for the sum of
i $59,000, and are now performing the duty, with
no doubt of success.
The report next discusses the propriety of the
gradual increase of our navy, and the necessity
of availing ourselves of all the improvements and
discoveries of the age in gunnery, ordnance, na
val architecture, and all the appliances of steam.
As an instance of the improvement of the age,
it is stated that the boilers of the Mississippi,
planned fifteen years ago, can now be reduced
nearly one half in their dimensions and weight,
and at the same time made to double the present
power of the vessel with about the same quanti
ty of fuel now required.
It is recommended that authority be given to
build, every year, two new vessels, one sail and
the other steam, upon such models as shall be ap
proved; and as old vessels may be found unservi
ceable, from fault of model or other cause, they
i may be sold or broken up.
The recommendation of the Chief of the Bu
reau of Yards and Docks, that machinery be
erected, in one or more of the navy yards of the
country, for the building of steam engines, and
construction of war steamers complete, is recom
mended to the attention of Congress.
A class of small vessels is much wanted to
give employment in command to senior lieuten
ants, many of whom are kept in long and te
dious inaction before their promotion to com
manders, and would be highly useful to cruisers,
especially topelled by steam, by reason of
their ability to'penetrate into harbors and rivers
inaccesible to ships of larger class.
The previous recommendation to reduce the
number of officers in the grades of captain, com
mander and lieutenant of the navy, is renewed,
at the same time that the number of masters be
increased to fifty, and the grade of second lieu
tenant established. It is also urged again that
the ranks of commodore and two rear admirals
be legalized, to be conferred on surviving veterans
who, more than a third of a century ago, illustrat
ed our arms in conflicts on the ocean. It would
he a stimulant to others to emulate their exam
ples.
The establishment of a retired list is once more
pressed upon the attention of Congress, as are
also the disputed questions of rank between the
sea officers and civil officers of the navy, and be
tween the several grades of officers of the army
and navy.
The laws for the government of the navy,
passed more than fifty years ago, have been re
vised by a board of officers, and will be submit
ted for the action of Congress. The great defect
in the old laws is the failure to provide any pun
ishment as a substitute for corporal chastise
ment, which has lately been abolished, to the
detriment of the service. A remedy must be
provided, or the consequences will become serious.
(Nearly one hundred trials of enlisted men, by
■courts martial, have taken place since the passage
|of the law in question. This law cannot be ef
fectually tried until Congress shall prescribe some
substitute. Whether this shall be by the adop
tion of the system recommended by the board of
officers above referred to, proviiing that courts
martial may be ordered by each officer in com
mand of a ship, and summarily held to determine
guilt, and then graduating punishments as there
in stated, as well as holding out rewards, or by
some other and more approved method, is refer
red to the determination of Congress.
The buildings at the Annapolis Naval School
are in progress of erection, and the sloop-of-war
Treble has been attached to the academy sa
practice ship for instruction in practical seaman
ship. An important change has been made in
the plan of education, so as to require a continued
course of study of four years at the academy,
without going to sea, except that the vacation of
three months in each year is spent in a cruise in
the practice ship, the former course requiring two
years at the academy, three at sea, and then two
more at the academy. A class of fifty acting
midshipmen was admitted in October last, and
will constitute the first class to which this new
system will apply. It is now believed that for
all the purposes of nayaledueaUon, the academy
affords advantage equal to those for military
education at WjiSt Point; and under the efficient
command of th« present (Superintendent, Com-
Stribling, it is hoped that these advanta-
The expediency of appointing ten midship
men, to be is again urged.
The Naval Observatory and Hydrographical
Office have been nractfte operation during the
year. A second volume of Astronomical Obser
vations has been published. The wind and cur
rent charts planned by Lieutenant Maury, the
Superintendent of the Observatory, are being
extended to the Pacific and Indian oceans. This
work has materially shortened the passage along
the highways by which our commerce passes in
to and through the southern hemisphere, bring
ing the ports of those distant parts of the world—
some ten days, and some several weeks nearer to
us than before. A letter from the Superinten
dent of the Observatory states the important
fact that vessels sailing from the Atlantic to the
Pacific ports of the United States, with the in
structions afforded by these charts, make the
voyage in forty days less, upon the average, than
those sailing without them; and that there is rea
son to hope the time may be still further re
duced.
The reports of St. Gillis, the Nautical Almanac
ofLt. Davis, and the experiments of Professor*
Page and Espy, are referred to, as well as the
success and condition of our numerous mail
steamers.
The sum required for the support of the Navy
and Marine corps for the year ending June 30,
1853. is estimated at $8,540,693 08, of which
$2,684,220 89 is for special objects. The sum
estimated for the Navy and Marine corps last
year was $5,900,621, and for special objects $2,-
210,980. There is an excess, therefore, in the
present estimates of $473,240 89, which is occa
sioned by the addition of pay for increased ser
vice to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, di
rected by the act of the last session of Congress,
the completion of the dry dock in California, and
some additions underithe head of improvements
in navy yards, buildings and machinery.
The total expenditures of the Department,
during the year, have been $9,044,597 11, of
which $3,158, Sl7 91 was for special objects.
The establishment of a Bakery in New York,
for the use of the Navy, is recommended, as is
also the repeal of the law prohibiting commuta
tion in money for stopped rations.
The recommendation of the Chief of the Bu
reau of Medicine and Surgery lor the investment
in productive stocks of the navy hospital fund,
and foe retiring from the list of effective surgeons
all the officers of that corps who are permanent
ly unfitted for duty, and supplying their places
by new appointments, a provision required in
every grade of the service, are commended to
early action, and an appropriation asked to re
build barracks at the various stations Tor the
Marine corps. SF*"**^
The Secretary closes his report, by recom
mending the establishment of an ad litional Bu
reau, to be termed the Bureau of Orders and
Discipline, to which shall be assigned the com
munication of orders and instructions touching
naval service and the receipt and
preservation or distributon of returns and reports
pertaining to the same, in anology to the duties
required of the Adjutant General’s Office in the
Department of War.
Mr. Thrasher’s Last Address to his Countrymen.
In a Dungeon of the Punta Castle, )
Havana, Nov. 21 tt, 1851. )
To the Government of the United. States of Amer
ica, and to my Fellow Countrynmi: An Ameri
can citizen, deprived of liberty and denied jus
tice, respectfully begs leave to lay before you the
following facts and appeal. Upon leaving the
Steamer Georgia, on the 16th of October last, I
was suddenly, and without previous accusation,
arrested, atnl taken to the office of the police.
On searching my person, and that of a gentleman
who accompanied me, no papers or letters of
any kind were found upon either of us. We
were then taken to the hotel, where I boarded,
acommpanied by the Chief of Police, who de
manded to be shown my room. On ascertaining
that I had no room there, we were taken to my
residence, and all my papers seized. The gen
tleman who accompanied me, was then put at
liberty. Myself and all my books and papers
were taken to the residence of one of the police
commissaries, where four days were occupied by
two government interpreters in reading my
letters. On the 21st October, I was thrown into
a dungeon of the city prison, and all communi
cation of my friends strictly prohibited.
On the 25th, I was removed to my presen
dungeon, and the Fiscal of the Military Tribune
made his appearance and began a judicial exam
ination. On the 26th this was continued, and
then I saw no one until the 4th instant, when
the questioning was proceeded with; and on.the
6th, I was again questioned,and finally informed
that I was accused of treason. At the same
time I was required to select one iiom a list of
officers that was presented to me, who should
conduct my detence. Not knowing any of them,
1 chose one at random, supposing he would con
sult with me and my legal advisers, as is usual
in such cases, in regard to my defence. On the
7th instant, I was, for the first time, allow ed to
see my friends, and to consult with them as to
the best course to pursue. I conferred with our
Consul, and he passed several communications
in my behalf to the government here, all of
which have been utterly disregarded, and net
replied to. On the 11th, I was informed that I
was to be brought up the next day lor sentence.
I immediately wrote to my nominal defender
to come at once to consult with me, and to bring
with him the proceedings which were in writ
ing. He replied, verbablly, that he would come
in the afternoon. He did not come, and I enter
ed at once a protest against the proceedings al
leging that I had not been heard, and that neith
er myself nor my legal advisers had been con
sumed for a proper defence. I sent this to the
President of the Military Commission that night
who refused to receive it, saying that it couid
only be admitted by the Coptain General.
The American Consul, Mr. Owen, as soon as
informed of this, proceeded to the place and pro
tested against sentence being pronounced,as I had
not been heard in defence, lu the morning, my
nominal defender came to my prison to inlorm
me that he had been allowed by the court only
twenty-tour hours to prepare my defence; that
he had been occupied till that moment examin
ing the proceedings, which were voluminous,
and that within an hour he must return them to
the Fiscal. On the 12th, I was taken before a
court martial, composed of a brigadier general
and six officers of the army. The testimony and
proceedings were read before 1 was brought into
court, which was contrary to law and to custom;
and when brought in I was asked what I had to
say to the charges against me! I replied that I
had not been furnished with a copy of the char
ges—that I had been denied access to the pro-
AUGUSTA, GA-, FRIDAY MORNING DECEMBER 12, 1851.
ceedings and testimony—that my nominal de
fender had neither consulted with me nor- with
my counsel—and that I now asked that my prefe
test and petition for stay of proceedings should
be admitted. I was told by the President of tha !
court that it should be considered. I was reman
ded to my dungeon, and heard nothing more of
the proceedings until to-day, when I have been
formally notified that I have been sentenced to
eight years labor, in chains, at Ceuta, in Africa
with payment of costs.
It is unnecessary forme to enlarge upon the
impropriety of bringing me before a court mar
tial in a time of profound peace; on the injustice
of sentencing me without a hearing; on the utter
contempt of international law, civil rights, and
treaty stipulations, in my trial, or upon the wil
ful disregard, in the manner of proceeding, of the
constitution and rules of the very court which
has assumed a jurisdiction over me without right,
has tried me without a crime, and sentenced me
without defence. The government that has the
power and the wiil to commit these acts, is be
yond the reach of reason, and my only resource
is, to appeal to the physical power of our own
government for that protection which its moral
power has not been able to extend over me, and
to ask trom my fellow countrymen such coun
tenance as will encourage the executive in the
manifestation of firmness, and carry some ap
preciation of national rights and national duties
to the hearts of the unscrupulous rulers of Cuba.
I solemnly affirm that I have never had any
connection with the parties who invaded this
island, and that the only grounds for hatred to
me, on the part of the government and Spanish
portion ofthe population here, are, that I am an
an American; that I refused to abjure my nation
ality one year since, when required by this gov
ernment to do so, or to abandon the business I
was then engaged in; that I succored, so far as I
was able, those of my unfortunate countrymen
who were captives here; and that, in the court,
I had the independent spirit (they call it audaci
ty) to rely upon my innocence and my rights as
an American citizen. Having been denied jus
tice, I now ask at the hands of the American
Government, and the American people, that
liberty of which lam so iniquitously deprived.
All the horrors of the Spanish galleys are before
me, and my only hopes are in the sympathies of
my countrymeq, and the prompt action of our
nation! goveriqpaent. J. S. Thrasher.
[ Telegraphed for the Baltinwre Sun.]
Further per Steamer Pacific.
Nf.w York, Dec. 7.
The steamer Pacific arrived at 10 o’clock to
night, with 60 passengers, a fair freight, and
three days later from Europe. On December 3d,
at 1 P. M., in lat. 48 50, lon. 41 46, she exchang
ed signals with the steamer Cambria, bound east.
Among the passengers of the Pacific is the
Hon. Wm. C. Rives, Minister to France.
Markets.— -American descriptions of cotton
have advanced id. Sales of the three days, 24,000
bales, of which speculators and exporters took
5,000 bales.
The London money market was easy; consols
closed at 97f for money, and 98 Jon account; rail
way shares were lower.
England. —The steamer Pioneer sailed for N .
York on Saturday.
A serious collision had occurred on the North
western Railway, by which many persons were
injured.
The cotton factory of Messrs. Dujaid, McPhail
& Co., at Greenhead, was destroyed by fire on
the 25th. It employed 300 hands. Loss $20,000.
The Sunderland Bank had suspended payment.
France. —lntelligence from Paris announces
that M. Casabianca had been appointed Minis
ter of Commerce.
Numerous arrests continued to be made.
The Minister ofthe interior has declined be
ing a candidate for the department of the Senate.
The Bourse was unsettled, at a decline.
Owing to the probability of further differen
ces between the President and the Assembly, an
article in the Constitutionelle, charging the heads
of the party of order with a conspiracy against
the President, had caused a great sensation. The
Minister of the Interior had denied the existence
of such a conspiracy.
A bill had been proposed in the assembly for
regulating the responsibility of the President and
his Ministers. It is stated that there is a pros
pect of Louis Najioleon again presenting the
electoral bill recently defeated in the Assembly.
Hanover. —A new Ministry, under the Presi
dency of the Schaale, had been formed, which
will pursue an entirely new course of policy.
The new King had issued a proclamation pledg
ing himself to the most sacred observance of the
Constitution ot the country.
Austria. —The state of Hungary was most
unsatisfatory, and the Government organs admit
that it is much agitated. The system of expul
sion was still carried on on a grand scale.
Italy. —The Neapolitan Government intends
increasing the export duties on sulphur and oil.
Turkey. —Constantinople accounts announce
another ministerial crisis as at an end, and that
Ali Pasha had been induced to resume his duties
as foreign minister.
Spain. —News from this country is unimpor
tant.
Two vessels had arrived at Cadiz with an
other portion of the Lopez expedition on board.
Prussia. —The renewal of the Commercial
treaty between Prussia and Belgium had failed.
The Prince of Prussia was to leave Berlin on
the 23d, to take command of the army on the
Rhine.
Latest Intelligence,
[by electric telegraph.]
Paris, Wednesday, Nov. 26. —After post-hour
on Wednesday, the Minister of the Interior said,
in his reply to Mr. Creton, in an article of the
Constitutionelle, “I will reply categorically.—
Had we obtained proof ofthe existence of such a
conspiracy, you may be well assured that who
ever were the men who participated in it, how
ever high their rank, we would not have hesita
ted to perform our duty.” The Assembly then
adjourned.
London , Nov. 26.—Letters from Liverpool
state the suspension of two firms connected with
American trading—Vice, Pride & Jones, and
Hamden & Co. The liabilities of the firms are
not mentioned, but are supposed to be large.
Those of the latter are supposed to amount to
about £60,000 0r£90.000.
Paris, Nov. 25. —Bourse srs5 r s closed at 91; 3’s
56 10; Exchange between England and America
nominally 6 a 7, leaving a small profit on the
importation of gold for the United States.
Liverpool, Nov. 26. —The cotton market is ad
vancing, and is *d higher since Friday.
The Manchester market is active, with small
stocks. Prices are higher.
England. —The steamer City of Glasgow,
from Philadelphia, arrived at Liverpool on the
23d, in 17 days.
The Europa made the passage out from Bos
ton in 10 days and 3 hours.
(From the N- O. Picayune, sth ins/.)
Later from California, the Isthmus, and Havana.
The steamship Philadelphia, Capt. W. H.
Brown, arrived here last night from Chagres and
Havana, with the California mails up to the Ist
of November. This is, however, only three days
later than papers received from San Francisco
by the steamship Alabama a few days ago.
She brings 435 passengers, and about $50,000
in gold dust on freight, besides a considerable
amount in the hands of passengers.
Affairs upon the Isthmus remain in a quiet
state. There is, however, a deep feeling exist
ing, which a slight occasion would provoke into
another collision between the whites and the
foreign black population.
S»Tne accounts of the late affray at Chagres,
published in the papers throughout the United
States, are greatly exaggerated, ami but little re
liance can be placed upon them.
We have only space this morning for a brief
summary of the news. The Southern Conven
tion for the division ol the State of California,
which met at Santa Barbara on the 20th of Octo
ber, did not effect anything. Only a few coun
ties were represented, and these were not by any
means harmonious. They adopted a set of reso
lutions declaring their grievances, but disagreed
about the boundary of the proposed territory,
and adjourned without taking any action.
The news from the mines is very favorable.—
Gold is still found in great abundance.
The San Francisco Morning Post ofthe Ist inst.
says that no serious disturbance exists among the
Indians on the frontier.
The discovery of gold on Queen Charlotte’s
Island, off the coast of British Oregon, in latitude
53, in considerable quantities, is announced in
the late news irom Oregon, in a shape we see no
reason to ques ion.
The Post sppaks of an expedition to the Sand
wich Islands, which had excited much specula
tion in San Francisco. It appears that two or
three vessels bad left with a considerable num
ber of passengers.
The steamship Tennessee arrived at Panama
from San Francisco on the 16th ult., with $2,-
500,000 in gold.
The contract for conveying the U. S. mails
across Ihe Isthmus was sold at Panama on the
13th ult. It was awarded to a Mr. Parades, who
made the lowest bid—sll 75 per hundred
pounds.
We did not receive our papers or letters from
Havana last night, but learn from passengers,
who arrived in the Philadelphia, that Mr.
Thrasher was to be sent to Spain in a day or
two after they left. They speak of a silly rumor
which created considerable excitement in Ha
vana. m lt was to the effect that 2,000 Ameri
cans were ready to embark at Key West to in
vade the Island.
AUGUSTA, GA.
THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 11,
“It seems to be our misfortune, that Provi
dence has been too bountiful; we make too
much. Our climate is genial, our soil prolific,
and not diversifying our labor as we should, cot
ton being the planter’s main object, the produc
tion is greatly augmented, by which the mar*
kets are glutted and the price thereby depressed,
while the comforts and substantial of life are
neglected. By pursuing this ruinous policy, the
country is in great destitution. Many of the
wealthy planters of Alabama, have not a mid
dling of bacon on their plantations of their own
raising, and some have been forced to sell their
cotton at six and a quarter cents, to pay for ba
con at iifteen’cents, and corn at one dollar per
bushel. And this state of things exists in as
good a corn country as can be found in the U.
States, for much of our slough land in Alabama
will produce from forty to fifty bushels per acre,
and stock can be raised as successfully as any
where else. The smallest change in our system
of agriculture, would bring about the happiest
results and make us independent.
Suppose, Mr. President, the Southern planters
would reso.-re to live at homo; or in other
words, to make their own supplies, to raise their
meat, their mules, their horses, and manufacture,
to soqae extent, their own clothing. What
would be the result ? To do this, the cotton crop
would necessarily be curtailed one-third, which
would bring it under two millions of bales, and
ensure a remunerating price to the grower, and
prevent those ruinous fluctuations, when the
cry of a three million crop is set on foot, as at
the present time. If the planters, instead of
appropriating two*thirds of their best land to
.cotton, would adopt a more rational and ju
dicious policy, and plant two-thirds of their land
in grain, they soon would find their situation
greatly ameliorated. Their cribs would be full;
they would soon have fat stock in abundance ;
and instead of being buyers, they would be sel
lers. The correctness of this system is fully
demonstrated by my own experience, and I
can assure my planting brothers, it is lhe true
policy, and none will fail who adopt it.”
The above exttract from a speech delivered by
Dr. N. B. Powell, of Alabama, in the late Cot
ton Planters Convention, held at Macon, con
tains more common sense, practical suggestions,
than any thing we have seen from that body of
intelligent men. The Dr., we should judge, was
a very practical and successful planter, if he car
ries into practice what he so well preaches*
One of the greatest errors of southern planters is
the cultivation, or attempted cultivation of too
much land. The consequence of which is the
continued and rapid impoverishment of the soil.
Few seem to estimate themselves richer by en
riching their lands. Another very great errorl
and one which contributes greatly to their
embarrassment in monetary affairs, and to retard
their success in the accumulation of wealth and
the securing to themselves and families of great
er domestic comforts, is the application of all
their powers and energies te the production of a
single great staple, neglecting quite too much
the culture of corn, and other grain crops, stock,
fruits, &c. To be eminently successful, their
labor should be diversified. This would afford a
much greater opportunity for the improvement
of the soil by a judicious system of culture and
the application of fertilizers—it would be the
means of adding greatly to their domestic com
forts, by supplying on their own farms most of
the necessaries of life, and certainly secure the
production of smaller crops ol Cotton, which
would as certainly enhance the value of that
great staple.
Every intelligent man knows that a small
crop, say two millons of bales, yields more money
than three millions. What folly then, to bend all
our energies to make three millions of bales,
and neglect the production of corn, grain, stock,
&c.—thus rendering ourselves dependant upon
others for a supply of the absolute necessaries of
life. Is it not plain to every intelligent mind
that it is better, if wealth or comfort either be
the object ofthe planter’s ambition, to make all
the provisions necessary for our support, and
thus get a higher price for our cotton ? Will not
such a policy add annually more to our aggregate
wealth, and supply a gieater amount of domestic
comfort ? Ol this, we think there can be no
doubt. Yet if there be any who doubt its truth,
we ask him to look around and observe the pro
gress of those planters who adopt this policy, and
compare their success, and the comforts of their
household, with those who neglect the produc
ion of provisions and make cotton the great ob
ject. Every neighborhood has some such man
and the comparison is easy—and let it be fairly
and honestly made for a series of years.
Again, is it sound policy, or a wise political
economy, for the southern people to send off
their raw material, and pay to Europeans and
New Englanders, an amount greater than the
original cost of the raw r material for converting
it into yarn and cloth ? Why not appropriate
our surplus capital to the erection of machinery
for converting it into these fabrics? We have
the labor—thousands of the poor would rejoice
to obtain labor at prices that would so well re
munerate them, and we can certainly as well
afibrd to manufacture our own staple, as New
England and Europe can, after incuring all the
expense of transportation. Besides, as consum
ers, to that extent, we actually pay the expense
of transporting twice across the Atlantic, and
manufacturing our own raw material. So that
we not only lose the profits ofthe manufacture, if
not done at home, but to the extent that we con
sume, we pay for the manufacture and transpor
tation with the profit added. This cannot be a
sound policy for intelligent men to pursue. Nor
is this all, by manufacturing our own cotton, we
withdraw no inconsiderable labor from its pro
duction, and convert them into consumers of
our surplus breadstuffs and provisions, for which
they are made abundantly able to
because they can sell their labor at fair and re
munerating prices. This, itself, is a very impor
tant consideration, to say nothing of the facili
ties such a system would afford for the education
of the poor, by bringing them together in villa
ges and manufacturing towns.
If every neighborhood would erect its factory
from its surplus capital, and only spin whatever
amount it could of the cotton cultivated in it
the effect would be seen and felt from one ex
tent of the cotton growing region to the other.
Instead of sending abroad to the markets of the
world, cotton in its raw state, we should en
hance its value by the very simple and easy
process of spinning, and thus pocket the profit,
both of production and manufacture. Why not
do it 1 The answer •is easy, our people, with
few exceptions, are constantly applying all their
surplus to the purchase of more negroes and land
to make more cotton —and in their efforts to
scratch over the greatest amount of land, the
soil is daily and annually impoverished. Let us
then strike at the root, and correct the evil.
Q 3?“ A private despatch, from Savannah
dated Dec. 10, 8.30, P. M., says: “ Sales to-day
reach 2,400 bale 9. No advance.”
Oregon papers contain further accounts of the
discovery of gold, in large quantities, in Queen
Charlotte’s Island. The gold is found on the
surface of the ground near the beach, and is dug
by the natives in great quantities, without any
thing like a pick or shovel; having nothing but
such tools as they can make themselves, they
manage to get from two to eight ounces per day
to one hand. They are friendly to the whites,
and are anxious to have them come and trade
and dig with them. Queen Charlotte’s Island
is in the North Pacific Ocean, and can be reached
in about seven days’ sail from Oregon city.
The prizes of the Lottery of gold ingots were
drawn in Paris on the 16th ult., in the presence
of a large concourse of spectators. A journey
man hair dresser obtained the prize of 200,000
francs, and an engine driver on a rail way the
first prize of 400,000 francs.
Four persons were killed, and some twenty
or thirty more or less injured, on the night of
the 4th inst., in consequence ot a collision hav
ing taken place on the Hudson River Railroad,
near Pe?kskill between two passenger trains.—
Several of the cars were much damaged.
Another General gone. —We learn from N.
Orleans Delta, that Gen. Belknap recently died
on the Brazos in Texas. This is the tenth Gene
ral who has died since the Mexican war. Gen.
Belknap was in the principal battles, under Gen.
Taylor, ip the Mexican war. At the battle of
Buena Vista he was Adjutant-General, and com
manded the advance.
The Bank of the State of North Carolina ha s
declared a Semi-annual Dividend of Five per cent
—making an Annual Dividend of Ten and a
quarter per certs, that this institution has declared
for the year 1851.
OCP” At the election for Directors of the Au
gusta Insurance & Banking Company, on Mon
day last, the following gentlemen were elected,
viz : Wm. M. D’Antignac, Hays Bowdre, Lewis
Cress, Lambeth Hopkins, James Hope. At a
subsequent meeting of the Board, Wm. M. D’An
tignac was re-elected F resident.
For the Chronicle and Sentinel.
Mr. Editor :—ln a late issue of your paper,
I saw an announcement to this effect, “Mr.
Gibbs, the great Almanac maker, says there will
be six Eclipses next year, three of the Sun, and
three of the Moon.”
Now, Mr. Gibbs must be a great Ass in that
particular branch of Almanac Making, if he
does not know that there can be but two Eclipse
of the Moon in a year. Senex.
Who has been cheated. —We wish our
friends throughout the State to remember that
Mr. Toombs did not vote for the Democratic
candidate for Speaker or Clerk of Congress, as it
was promised he would do, when he was elec
ted Senator. We wish them also to notice the
important fact, that neither of the Union men
from this State voted for the National Democra
tic candidate for Speaker, whilst Mr. Jackson
and Mr. Bailey the two Southern Rights Demo
crats did vote for him. .It can now be seen very
plainly which is the real Democratic party in the
State, and which acts with the National Demo
cracy.—Federal Union , 9th inst.
Arrival of the Florida. —This splendid
steamer arrived at her wharf yesterday morning
at an early hour, In sixty-six hours from New
York. She brought one hundred and one cabin
and eighty-three steerage passengers, and a full
freight. On the 7th inst., 10 P. M.. off Hatter
as exchanged signals with steamship Marion,
Capt. Berry, from Charleston, for New York.—
On the Bth inst., at 1 $ o’clock, 30 miles South
west of Hatteras, exchanged signal with the
steamship Alabama, Capt. Ludlow, hence forN.
York.— Sav. Republican , 9th inst.
VOL. XV—NO. 145
(Correspondence for the Baltimore Sun.)
Thirty-Second Oongress—First Session.
Saturday, Dec. 6, 1851.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
After the reading of the Journals, several
members attended, and were sworn in by the
Speaker.
The Treasurer’s accounts were laid before the
House, and ordered to be printed.
Mr. Evans, of Maryland, called the attention
of the House, to the report of the Coast Survey,
and moved that it be laid on the t-ible and prin
ted, to the extent of 10,000 copies—one-half for
the use of the Coast Survey, and the other for
that of the Bureau. The present document, he
said, is one of unusual.importance, and ap
plications . would be made for it by com
mercial men from all parts of the globe.
The coast survey had never been able to fulfil
the orders that had been hitherto received. He
went on to show the increased importance of
the present document, by which upwards of two
thousand new geographical positions of the high
est importance to commerce and navigation, had
been determined. It was highly desirable, there
fore, that it should be extensively circulated
among commercial men everywhere. He con
cluded by again adverting to the valuable details
of the report, which it was usual to move should
be printed.
Mr. Bayly. ofVirginia, admitted that the im
portance of the report could not be over-rated,
but the demand, he said, could not be met by the
department or the coast survey; but must be sup
plied by the chart makers.
Mr. Jones, of Tennessee, contended that the
report ought; to be referred to the Committee on
Printing; and this being the opinion of the Speak
er, Mr. Evans agreed that his motion should lie
over for that purpose, having in view the num
ber of copies and the disposal of them, as he had
proposed.
The report was therefore laid on the table,
there being no objection, to its being referred to
the committee on printing when it shall be ap
pointed.
Mr. Stevens, of Pa., moved that the House ad
journ till Tuesday, which was carried by a vote
of 113 in the affirmative, and the House stands
adjourned accordingly.
There was no meeting of the Senate to-day.
(Telegraphed for the Charleston Courier.
Baltimore, Dec. 9,7.16 P. M.
In the New-York market to-day, Cotton was
firm, and the sales were light^
Kossuth openly expresses his dissatisfaction at
the course of Congress towards him, and talks of
returning to Europe.
In the U. S. Senate, to-day, Mr. Foote de
clared his intention of returning to the Senate a
year hence. He closed his speech on the com
promise, and was replied to by Judge Butler, of
South Carolina, who emphatically protested
against the introduction of any resolution calcu
lated to widen breaches, or open fresh fountains
of agitation, and denounced most earnestly the
compromise measures. Mr. Foote rejoined with
great asperity, and expressed his joy at the tri
umph of the measures.
In the House, the Speaker appointed Mr.
Houston, of Alabama, Chairman of the Commit
tee of Ways and Means, and Mr. Armistead
Burt, of South Carolina, Chairman of the Com
mittee on Military Affairs.
Columbia, Dec. 5, 6.35 P. M.
Legislative Proceedings.
The Bill Assembling the Convention, passed
its third reading in the House to-day, by a vote
of 67 to 35.
Mr. Hunt’s Bill, to extend the charter of the
Bank of the State, has been laid on the table by
a majority of 13.
The Charleston Delegation have recommend
ed Messrs G. W. Egleston, Thos. O. Elliott, H.
W. Schroecker, L. F. Robertson, J. A. Gyles, C.
H. Uhett, George W. Cooper, and Charles H.
Ax:;on, as Magistiates, for Charleston District
for the ensuing year.
An Error Corrected.— -Before the meeting of
the Legislature, from all the information we could
then obtain, we believed there was a majority of de
mocrats elected. But since the meeting of that body,
from tho information obtained of the members them
selves, and from every other quarter, wo are con
vinced that thero is a majority of Whigs in both
Houses.— Fed. Union, 9th inst.
Municipal Election. —On Saturday last,Dr.
George D. Case was elected Mayor of this City,
and the following gentlemen were elected Al
dermen: Messrs. W. A. Harris, W. T. Wright,
C. C. Carr, N. Hawkins, M. D. McComb and
Peter Fair.— lb.
Washington, Dec. 7.
A dispatch from Jackson, Miss., announces
that Harris, secession whig, has been appointed
U. S. Senator. The Legislature meets in about
three weeks to elect a Senator for the full term,
and one for the unexpired term of Hon, Jefferson
Davis.
Sine Die.— ln a neighboring county, the Demo
crats had for twenty years been in the habit of hold
ing their county nominations at the house of a
staunch old Democrat, Mr. G .
Ho happened, on a recent occasion, for the first
time, to be in when they had finished their busi
ness, and heard a little delegate from B more
that “ this convention do now adjourn situ die."
“ Sine die,” said Mr. G ,to a person standing
v- ar him, “ Where’s that?”
'' Why, that’s way up in the northern part of the
county,” said his neighbor.
“ Hold on, if you ploase, Mr. Cheerman ,” said
G , with groat earnestness and emphasis, “hold
on, sir. I’d like to bo heard on that question. I
have kept a public house now for more’n twenty
years. I’m a poor man. I’ve always been a Demo
crat, and never split my ticket in my life. This is
the most central location in tho county, and its
where wo’ve alters held our eauousses. I’ve neTer
had or asked an office, and have worked night and
day for tho party, and now I think, sir, it’s mean,
it s contemptible to go to adjourning this conven
tion way up to situ die.—Spirit of the Titties.
MARRIED,
On Tuesday, the 2d inst., by the Rev. W. P. Steed
Mr. Reuben T. Blanchard, of Warren county, hni
Miss Francis Watson, daughter of the Hon. laa. Wat
son, of Columbia county.
*
DIED.
In Greensboro, on the 30th ultimo, at the residence
of lion. Win. O. Dawson, Mrs. Sidney Winoeield,
wife of the late Djr. Thomas Wingfield, in the 74th yaar
of her age. „
WINES AND LIQUORS.
Q £v ÜBLS. Rosa und Anchor Gin,
& 20 do. Luther Felton’s Rum.
20 do. Eagle Monongahola Whisky,
25 Quarter and Eigth Casks’ Wine.
„ 5 Pipes Fine French Brandy.
1 Puncheon Irish Whisky.
Fine Holland Gin and Jamaica Rum, for sale by
n3O-wtf cas ESTES A RICHMOND.
GREEN HOUSE PLANTS— PLOWERsT&C
BESSMAN begs leave to an
nounce to his frionds and the public, 5
that ho has at his Garden, on Green Street
a most splendid collection of ’
GREEN HOUSE PLANTS *
ROSES,
FLOWERS, and
_ . . SHADE TREES,
Comprising several of the most choice and snterb
articles over offered in this market, to which ho
invites the attention of all admirers of the chaste
and beautiful in nature.
OS'” Orders from the country promptly filled, «a
the most accommodating terms, d7 cig