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nJIiMDAY, NovKamtK )>,»»•
Ih. Ml. I* I-""* 1 "f »'■ <-•*
f '" m * w, " d *
’ !IIUed|«viUt. • __
Ae*«enl.-Thein** Ptny. **•**•
g Mllvt erf England, waadiewwvl on 1^7
mtafl** from on boa.d .U
-rtn-LtUactof drawing a bucket of * BWr, ~
C««ry exertion «M ts»d« »• ,,lm * " ,,lch !»«*••*
• IrtffrdNl. __
. GENERAL HARRISON’S ELECTION.
. We confers «>••« "• •« • ,OM lo • M ’ * h "
hfMrfit ib# ropI‘* of ,h • c“untry era 'o derive Iran*
the election of General Harrison. A majority. Is-
boring under n curium ititaiuntinn. h«v« "« ,r " that
bt uhnll b« President. But rainy of tbe,n have been
decsltsd If «be delu*iveciy of Fodeial Ld-tni# and
! Orator*. il.«t tlie proipe, Ity of (ho country haa been
prostrated hy * 11 corrupt and iniquitous Adminif
’ i r iion." The people flit, ntnre or less, Uie reuc-
Uon which a setio* of speculation based upon os
trsvsgant Bonk expansion* created, and without
pausing to reflect that ih*ir produce had been rub-
Wtad in former time* to thn sam* proceaa, and
from the same cauie. to wit: tho resttase nnd im-
patient enterprlio of llm American peopia, they
ruibad madly to join the log-cabin pruciiion and
coon-ikln festival, which at any oilier time limy
would have witnessed with disgust.
And why diJ they do so ? Demagogues aspiring
foefljee weie amriuiir, nay wero boiling In acquire
aoma office, though leas distinguished than iliat or
' President of this great Republic, and could not
bear to ace Mauti* Vais Bunsn their enntempo-
in J , Republican in heart nnd in deed, occu-
pying a eiaiinn, which their petty chicanery c-ffcctu-
ally astopped them from ever reaching.
They saw this virtuous unietman succeeding the
favorite of a people, who in former limns appreciis
tad their official friends. whl’e they unveiled In their
rntVed drfui mity the pretended profusions of their
• aecret fssi.
They saw this successor of a glorious chirr item
lag tho appeals of a monied aristocracy, and nobly
a tending up as the unflinching Representative of
th« lights ond inttrests »f a Damociaiio people.
They witnessed In Congress snuggle nfier sung-
glatocariy the great Republican tiionsuro with
which Mr. Vah Btmrx’s political fame Lldwrlfied
—An InorrsnosNT Tiuasuiit—and in it* si«
cess they perceived the mulling or ihelr hopes of a
National Bunk, one of tin h ading mea.uret of the
Federal Party.
Tha enactment of ths Independent Trensury Bill
excited theae anxioussplri * to increased nnd nctiva
opposition. They found m> difficulty in making
aUUa •( iW largo portion of the people of Now
England, who huve ever advocated ii High Protec
tive Tariff, and with little impra of tho South com
ing to ihrlr aid, ihoy relied on that ioJonrilubl*
pride of opinion which will not tnciifico pmconceiv.
ed, personal prejudice oven at the altar of a country's
In teres 1 a.
Their principle* they di-guLrd. What would
auklha atmosphere of Massachusetts would not
vqnare with (ha long cherished, often ox pressed opin'
lunsofhuth purtics in Gunrgin, and consequently
Mum was the watchword, lest tbo State Bights men
of (he South would repudiate an alliance fatal lo their
dearest inttrests.
At Harrisburg the groat oralot of the West waa
uitnluuLk* • »«mUI .nnnori, while a fanatinol sset
was courted and concilUtrd ns utiles \.j nomina
tion of William Hxnkt i »»ww«.
Tho majority of iha people of this countiy, aided
by these enemies of our social pence, hare chosen
him a* President.
For proof of our lostniierilon look at the result in
the Empire Sima * line that fee io Southern r«isiii«s-
ution*—Guv.Seward, has aucceodnd over n pure Hi -
mocrat by a majority of 5 »a 6000. Look a'so at iha
re-election to Congress of Francis Granger & Seth
A/. Gates, Abolitionists, with sevenuthor Federal al
lies, preps ted again to sustain the petition* of the fit-
Unties, at ilia ensuing aeitinn, (ten of the Federal
members of the nest Congress being new members,
Jtei having declined a re-rlecilun, nnd five having
gained a sent over Democratic Candidates.)
And this Is tho coalition Goorgln—Republican
Georgia has aided in thoir effort* to gain power.-—
The Administration which this motley assemblage
awellrdin number* by hosts of mislad Rrpnhlioaus,
Georgia has pledged herscif to sustain.
Amid ilia persontl aliuso hnapud upon n high*
minded and consistent fi i.-ttd uf Gourgiu puriioolnrly,
and uf the South gonoinUy, o limn whoso straight-
fsrward and iudepoiulrni cr.tirse gained lor him tho
approbation and support of n Tnicwell of Republi
can Virginia, a Cnlhmin, a McDutllc, nnd other em*
inent men ofiliscriininaling South Carolina, we And
Georgia discarding him fur one who, h tho day of
lior struggle for her leseived rights, war solcr.ted by
Georgia’s enemy—John Quincy Adam—to la u
Representative of our country ate foreign Court.
Will sbo in 1842 to found supporting this Gene,
ral f We shall sco. We think not.
• The abusive epithets heaped up »n Mr. Van Du*
nan end Ida political associates .hiring tho canvnss
by tho Federal presses, at whose head in such ills
courtesy peihnps stnud* the immaculate Courier \
Enquirer of New York, have not been exhausted
hut now, even now-, whan tho F. doral party nr® shoot
•40 realise their fond hopes uf rewarding one-lift It
^peihaps) of their hungry expectant* for office,their
presses teem With personalities against the Chief
Magistrate, while such men as a Funsrni, a But-
. van, &e. aro eoaghl by the Rack, (no, wo believe a
relentless mhunhy.Rsfitrnsiho two hut named gen*
tit-men aro concerned,) to be modo tho vdest of the
vil*.
Epithets of tho most revolting dim outer to tho
. reader, who values hi* own sense of deliracy.or np-
piedates th* rhwrncter of his family, are utl.ervd
forth to gratify—wburnt Perhaps a little knot of
political gambler*,who, unable to sustain themselves
by their own exertions, seek a ahnrgn uf measure*,
in tho hopes that ano of tho loeve* and Ashes may
fall to their disiuterested ai lves.
Who will endorse their pretention* in tho day of
- small things they will probably liva to soo T But
for Uie preitnt wc have done.
OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY.
We learn front the Milledgovilld Journal of Tues
day last, that eight young gentlemen graduated at
tHU Xaitliation on yoaterday weok. In tho relation
of the eommeneementekerdte*. the editors remark:
— 1 "Messrs Jamcinri and Bilho, to both uf whom was
assigoad the first honor,are both intrrcslii.gspeak
ers, The first, Mr. Jameson, in ilia discussion wf
’ u Ugkt^,* , displayed research, and it d.groe of inves-
Ugatloo into ihesubject assigned him highly credita
ble. His matter was gnod.nnd hit delivery not tor
passed by any of hish-otlirr graduates. The lattes 1
Mr. Bilbo, acquitted himself excellently wed. His
«*valedictory" was an exceedingly intone* ling ono,
reflectiog credit at onoe up,,,, bims-lf, and the In-
atitutioo, of which be is nn« % graduate."
Mr. Bilbo ia from Savannah.
ELECTOIUL VOTE.
Tho Journal also gives tho following vote, taken
from tho ojleial returns of all tho roumies h tU
State asctpl fwe, which were received by letter and
tided In.
AGGREGATE VOTE.
GBOhOlA LKUIHI.ATURK.
From tho Woatorsi Moil •>( yesterday we learn
that nn Wednesday, (Vtliy a hill waa Introduced by
Mr- Holmes to comps-l persons wwtth.g pUntntlens
In the roumies of Baker ond Liberty, to Morn the
seme, and pay the ton ihtroun,|n the county whoto
tlio property it situated t lliot ois Frblay Mr.Gurdots
introduced o bill le repeal the aat providing for the
elecilotof a publio|wintrr, and teautborlte Uio h i;
ling out of the public printing to the lowest bidder.
In the llbuse, on the Dihinstonf, a hill we* imru-
dured by Mr. Lefiti to aulhoriso Id* Excellency the
Governor, l« pay over to tho Senator »f McIntosh
county, nil arn-aragrs due said county ftom the poor
school fund, lu be applied tu Uie pur|K>*esuf educe-
lion f»r said county,
A ter.dutinn wa*lntr.Hlucrd by Mr. Toombs f«r
discharging the select com mb lee on the Central
hunk slid the statodeht from ihi'lsttorhrauch of the
investigat icn, nnd fur referring the eamo tu the corn
tnitlee on finance—Agieed lu.
On thn IOth lh» folluwing wa* posted t
Oo mot inn of Mr. Toombs, thn lino so
Urtohed. Tho* nil hlilt touching the resnmplh
of specie pnyniHOt* by the Bunk*, he referred lo the
Cnmmittve on Banks.
Dill* Patted.—'In ieg'.lito llto adjournment of the
Superior Court of the county of Thomas and to
chattgn tho time of holding tho Superior Court of
Bulloch county.
To niter nnd amend the 9th section of thoJudic'a-
ry act of 1799 and thn first section of an urtrulutive
lo execution# passed Dec. 14 h IB1I.
To amend an aqt,*o fur at relates to McIntosh
county, establishing a tribunal fur the trial of slave*
within this State, pnis.-d lGtls Dec. 1811.
On the I lilt, Mr. Whilefiold Introduced a bill to
auih-.rita iIm Governor to execute bonds of tho fitata
and to piocnre their tiegociati.hi f«r spocie, nnd to rn
qitlro thedirccftirs nf the Central Bank tu pay specie
fur the notes issued by tlmt institutiun, upon certain
cuoditiun*.
TEXAS.
The President nf Texas i« dnngerou-ly ill, and
unable to attend to Ids nffirinl duties. The session
of Congress has communed.
MAINE.
The Portland (Me.) Argus of Monday says, "We
subjoin ii fawnd'lillon*! returns. Thepresent Fed
eral majority is 594. The towns nnd plantation* to
come in, if they voto n» in Septnmbor, will redtlca
this majority to about 309. Then there ore many
unorganised place* to be hcatd fro|tt, which vole tills
year for tho first tim-, and w hich may entirely over-
conin the federal in ijority. Taking this iutoennsid.
eintinn, and making due allowance for error* in our
return#, many of which hnvo been derived from fed.
er.il sources, nnd the Sinte rony fairly ho consider* 1
us yet in doubt. If it shall turn out lo hnvo gone
ugninst u«, to tho fedeinlists of Massachusetts will
ie|ong, of right the victory* Tito-Bay Sintn has
alwnynided frdernlistp liere,hy lavish expenditures
nf electioneering funds, hut, tills year, It has sent
down swnrms uf (edurnl voters in addition. Thn
video uf Maine, wo aro satisfied, is not for linrri-
Whnllinr Mnssnclin.etts sent down voters
4
Wtft'Mn Grovittnu
enough, on the 2<l iuatnnl, lo overcome the lionrSi
expression of the people’* wishes hero wo are nut
certain.
NEW ORLEANS, Nor. 12.
We learn lltnl llto Persia.i, Copt. Goalee, fiom
this port for St. Louie* collapsed a fluent Napoleon,
Arknnitiqnnriie night of tka7tlt Inst. The Hist en
ginerr, second ntalu, and two firemen were killed.
Seven deck hand* end twenty four deck passengers
were badly scalded, nnd four pasnns weie mi-sing.
Tlio Contain, Clerk and all the cabin passengers
weretiiiinjtir.il.
OEOROXA LDUISLATIIIIF,.
IN SENATE.
. Van Burtn Ticket.
W. B. Uulloch, 31.919
M, Echols,
T. Wootten.
J, Andatson,
8. Grovss,
8. Brail,
i Htblwitft
ff*
31.919
31.984
31.981
31.981
31.977
31.977
91.985
31,957
31,953
31JIJ9
Ihtiriion Title/.
D. L. Ci nch, 49,349
J. W.CJamidwII, 40,349
U. R. Gilmer, 40,347
W. W. KrnrJ,
C. Dougherty,
Juvl Craw Turd,
A- Millar.
8. Guntlx id,
V\l». Strung,
J. Widtehea.1,
E. Wuitbcil.'y,
40,341
40,340
40,339
40.337
40.336
40.338
40.3TJ
40.029
REPORT
Of tho State Geohgttt,,
To His Ex?. Honey,
Charles J. McDonald, Governor.
Sir—In ennfarnihy with my hit unctions, 1 have
the li.oiir to present you with this my fuurtii annu
al report of llte Geological nnd Agricultural survey
of iheMlelP, authorised by rv/eluiiunt uf the L.-git
la l ure in IU30,
By ii'firenco to those Instructions, it w ill bn seen
that lli.-y are muiufull then those given to any other
State Geologist in lltu .Union, end require an im
mense amount of tabor nhdiimo luncconiplislt in all
tlieii brauchi'S, nutwitlisiundiug which, 1 havu the
suiLfariioii to think, tliutns far as I have progress-
ed, with my limited means, 1 have lu the (rest uf my
humid-'ahllili. s,disclturgcil all tlio duties therein
contuinplnlcd.iiiid l am confident that your Excallen
cy and every enlightened citizen will not only award
to thu impnruiuce of tho survey, but to my fidelity
in the execution of tint office wldcii I have had tlio
hutiorto Insist.
The instruction* enjoin not only a Gcid-.gicul, hut
an Agricultural *orvey, together with celestial obser
various In every county, for tho ascertainment uf tho
litlttude nnd luugitmlo, the majnciic turiallon, &«.
with tlio (e ight alum) tho ocean. Tlie«e, l huve
pnrticulurly attended to in each enmity, that when
llto survey ul tho whole Slate shall be completed, a
c u red Geologleal map might ho canstructeii uf each
ooiinly, nnd nf'the whole Slate. D ating* and sec-
lion* of ull places, furmattais. Stc. have liven made,
*!*-.-kolvl.iii maps ufunelt county with the difiVreut
tolls, rurk f-iuimtioas, localities uf various mineral*,
and oilier objects appertaining to correct geological
and ngricohurul iihvry*, hnvo keen noted with their
hum lug* tiiul d stances from some principal object.
A collection hit* been mariu of epechnent from ell
the mineral locuHl.es a* far n* summed, end depos*
iie.l inihu Statu cnliinut for liitpevilion, but they
cannot he tuUmiifiuully classed and arranged until
tho whole State l« cnrr.pleleil. IF the plan should
ho carried through ns commenced, thnte can he no
d.o.ht ilattGco gta will pretont one of rite richest
cabinets in native minerals, tliat cun he found in
the United States; hut rite proa‘Ut apartment a are
not sufficiently cnpacloua for tho purpo*v; lit.* room*
will he nearly tilled tho pn aent season, nnd what t
tormed "thu min.'inl region" of Gnntgia it scuicely
begun to ho surveyed. It i* contideatly assert, d by
tcletirifla men of England nnd France, totnoof whom
hnvo particularly oxnmined tim mountainous regions,
that Georg u potveiiei more mineral leiuurcvathan
any other.>f tlio UnUedSialet.and dial almost every
mineralln the world will ho found within her bor
tiers. Men of tcienca aro looking lu Gunrgia for
the full dovclopomonl of her n**ouroe*—surely eveiy
cn ighit'iie.i cititon of tki* favored State must Ik*,
trill be, reedy tu en.-outage and to patronise
thorough invettigution.
Botany and natural history of the State nro also
cont.-mplutn.lin tlio instructioa*. These are attend-
o J to and will appear in the consolidated leporl
thu tutvey i-f the whole State.
A young lady lias volunteered Iter services to make
a collection of all the different tnccics of the plants
found in Georgia, to arrange ami classify tho samu
in nn lleibarjutn for tint Slate. The wuik as far as
she ha# gone, is for inspection at tho Geological of
fice.
0 1 have experienced grout inconvenience in the
want of sumu vehicle to convey baggage, specimens,
<&r. a* my barouche is only sufficient for the various
iiiiti ume.it* ncc. »*uiy in tlws prosecution of tlie silt-
try. A theriromcu ical register has beeu kept aver
avice 1 commenced llm turvt-y—the daily and
monthly mean heut, course* of wimL, weather, Ste.
accurately noted, tugrih *r with every place where
iboubtei vaii.msajv made.
It wa* my intention Inlinvaeommenced operations
at the place 1 luft last year, end to Irnve carried up
my western section tu the State line, from rim Pine
Muuntain in Harris, hut aftor enrolling some «>fthe
mombersfrom these counties in llm last *es*km of
the Legislature, 1 waa advised not to attempt it un
til Match or April, on account uf the hudnese uf the
road*in tho winter suuson in those parte. Nut
wishing to remain idle, 1 commenced the transverse
section linn of thu State at rite fall* on Savannah
river near Augusta, and traversed the smite one
bundled mils* n tim lower part of June* county
noting every thing relative lo thu Geological forma-
lion, and miking • draw iug of the seme. This is one
or the must important line* in a Geological or Agri
cultural wntu that can he made in tlie survey, a* it
patsee mi tbee«lg« «t rim primitive and secondary
•tram, and through the intermediate rock*, on
if there he any such, and divide* iha two great
regions uf (Im State. It pa.se. through Richmond,
V*“ ‘^.^“‘"We. Wanea. Hancock, Baldwin,
Junta, Bibb, |Mit of MorglOi Cixn fonl, Talbot, part
uf Harris, and Musetyee* It Uividai tketvra great
belle which pan from Vir|laia through Nunh and
South Carolina, and GeorgU. la • West routh nrtt
dtreclitm. On llm -eoih uf It is llm groat aheil line
ami mart fertiuilun, tugttlur with llm hwir ft eta
land. Un the ooith Is the gnat Lira ertilUe.eus
tor mat ion withtiie upper green land. IWibper
rota iKreliar edvanugee it. aa agricu'.rorol vi«w.—
The loner Is best calculated for the growing uf cot
ton—the up|«r for (bat of grain. It waa my iaten-
Ilea to haveearrled this line ihrosagh lu tin* Chatta
hoochee, and tire ii te have proa-tdr I non It west
through the from in co.inlitsiu the S'nte line,wh’d,
1 ahould ItavH ctHTipletril by tim first of July, if no
•evident had occurred; hut the rainy era-on had
rummeneed on the 14 b of Marrb sod emuitiuni oo
long nnd v-ulont, ritot it wu* impraciicahlo to pro-
cerd. I returned to W.irr-o cutiaty, ami etfdurad
It in every fail at iha wnnthor would [ternut. My
prugreae was doily inierrupted-by rain end iImi rise
* f water which datoitied me io the county u. nrlv tw
tnuntlia. Warren Is sliouird .liiecily on the r.fgr.i
thn primitive and sreondmy regions, and embraces
some nf hot h| of cnurs.i Itrom; rises a grent ‘Variety
of aui.'i. The northern pail is a thin sturdy fed, and
is what is term.-d tiUcbmt*—i\ is imrni-riialelyabove
ll.e lix.a furtiiHlion, nnd sumo (rare#of argilbifcous
nod slo'll marl nr.- h.und on the extremes of Brier
creek and Ru.iky CVnif-ri. Tltesu are hriiarh^
from tli.t grout formation, which pa«-CA through Jef
ferson nnd Washington. They might be pruH'ilbly
applied to the sandy land in lint vicinity, but no ac
count ia made uf them ut prnsmt. Tlio iVt is, list-
planters in ihii region have yi t to learn the »ri«i ci
ofacri ultuie nnd tin- spirit of. titerpiise. Tin* rock
in lltu lower pa. t uf Wu.rcn.niul at thu tails on Sweet
Water are granite and griei*#, the upper part of
which is d.e'ompnsrd inta a coarse sandstone. Them
if some very fine granite fur building in this part of
tbe cuunty, it is fine grained and may be cleaved in
to bl.rrk* ol utmost nny dimension-. There aro
several tracts of excellent luml in thn lower part of
Wnrrori,but in gunernl it i* poor. The creeks and
branches aro bordered with excellent alluvial anil*,
but at present there is but iit'lu u'tentiun paid to
clearing nnd ditching them "The Indian ponds
and Newsom's pood-," nine and it half rnih- south
east from Worrcnton, contain a tract of good land,
a deep depoeilcof vesetsble and animal matter,
wholly di-cumposed. Thn surrounding land is far
raginous ofn dark clncnlaio color, having nearly
oquul proportion* of tend and clay with n small por
tion oil i inn nnd iron. They are the host lands in
the suutliOHii part «f tho county nnd will uveragu
idniut one thousand ut-#. There is • lied of iron
ore of an inf.'l lor quality on Brier creek uboui two
miles N. W. from the fulls, It wi 1 not yiuld mure
than eighteen per cent, hi pure lion.
Near Wntrenion tho land rhnnges. It improves
in quality, a belt of fine ferruginous sand and i-lay
passes • little below Warrcnton south west through
the county, on which there it tome of the fir»t rale
productive land. This innena.'* in fertility as it
spreads out north and weat, ineiuasing in finenoss
nnd in its nrgillucenua nature, until it pass. * ii.tothe
feiro argillaceous and green stud lormariuo on the
bronchi'* of Littlo River- Thu upper and weatein
part of the country, taken na n whole,is the brat nnd
muat productive land. It has a substratum nf f.-ld*
pm hie gneisa, with vein* of slenile nnd hornblende
alaio which dernmp»sing form the mn#t productive
•oil*. In purchasing land in lids county to tho
view of a settlement tin* sub-soil and sub-tiurom
ahould bo examined, for n* all onriha are llto result
of the decomposition of ennin rock*, the cnmpoii
lion nf those rucks will determine tlie soil. If sin*
substratum Ire conimous granite nr fine grained
gnelsa.oi grey asnd stone tho roll (here, at first pro
dnetivo, will somi be exhausted under the Common
mode of cultural it will Im coarse, slliclous and
gravelly. If the substratum he feld-pmliie. gnelis,
or slenile,'or hornblende ilntn, and lid* jointed or
broken into shingles, tho soil is deep ferro nrgillnco
mis and permanent, nnd in this part of the State
generally contains lied* of green sand, which is
more fin talking than marl or limu by reason of thu
poinssen which it contain*. Hence no ninn can ho
u Mircas.ful agriculturalist without some knowledge
of tho principle* ol'Gi.idogy and Mineralogy.
Few minora!# of value, except iron, could he di*
covered in till# c anity. I collected a few apeci
men* for tho cubinrt.of didurunt kinds; I shall nut
have apace to describe them here, I coniine my-elf
wholly to economical Geology in llti* report. I re
•ervu the scientific part fin the consolidated report
of the whole Stnlo, when every geological feature in
each county will he re#prctivelv Heated- Every
pan Im* been minutely deacribrd in my journal. n<
Well a# drawing* of peculiar sprtiuns which I* free
to jour Excellency’* inspection nnd disposal. It i*
utti,l presume, exported that I cun do mere.in this
report, concise, at it must be, than describe the
genaial fcmurci of thegruumi which l have trover#
ed the pre«rnt seatou.
After making a minute examination oferrty part
of the county of Warren, I made proptirnilona to
proceed to ine western section of the S'nlu. Rut
on my orrivtl at Sparta, un unprecedented flood
•wept nil' thu bridges, and so damaged the roads,
that I Inline] it impraciirab.'e to proceed nl that lime;
t Iherefiira aanofm/iw/1-. examine a section of coun
lie* on the enat side of (lie Oconee river, from Wutli
ington to Union.
Hancock,like Wairnn I* situated on the primitive
d socondary region*; mid like llint, c.nuprUot a
•art oflioth. Tho land of the south part is noun
erruginout, and therante many fertile tracs, but
thoieia much land that I# Imrdly worth cultivating,
and lliut which lux* hoen cultivated is wusheilund do
muled of its auil. Reds of argillaeimu* marl uf an
oxci'llrnl quality aia deporitr.l cn RuiTulocreek,nnd
might ho oblninedin stiflicient qunntiiy to lonovato
tho lend in thu vicinity. The land lie* well; has a
good >ub soil and nouL only enterprise to nstoro it
it* primitive fertility. -
llnnciH-k abound* hi excellent granite, nod In
•rent many part* it ri«o* to the surfuco' and may
■u quarried without nim li ditRcuUy- The upper
part of the county i* feld-pnthiu gneU* with veins
ami dyku* of sienite gieeti etutiu.
The anil In thn vicinity of Sparta, although the
hills are milled, is strung, nnd under proper manage
ment, would bo vory fertile. The sub soil, which,
in most places, is nour the ainfue.--, i-feiru oritUIu-
cion* of w deep ted color, utol whenexpoaed lur any
length of time, is perfectly pulverulent, and become*,
when dressed whh manure, highly productive.—
There are trace# or green *"nd in all the sub-soil of
tlie ferro arglUaciou* formations In this county, ’lho
auil at Powcllon 1* of the samu kind,.and alth.uigh
much exhausted l.y had immogcinenl, still posse* o*
n good Inundation and might ho euriy. u-claimed by
agriuiilturaUUill. Brown ligintv is found otnbudde.i
in hi no ttiicacoou* mud hikI day, twenty-seven feet
below the surfuco, at a place six mi e* smith uf
Sparta. It ha* been aotwidrrrd by some as bit u-
luiutpi* coal, and thay huve infi-rifd that then: wu*
u hod of coal, comigiiousto it; but tln-rc are no sign*
of such n treasure near rite plnce, mul thogoolgicnl
position will not justify sucli an MilVrence. Tbcie
is on shell or state t..|.e found, un.l iha red sand
stone is not of tlmt kind which constitutes thn coal
furinutluit. Cttxuucmiaand argiltaci-ons marl is in
aliundatice nil the line of the county, aliout six miles
4 uf the Ogeccli e tlioul*, mid tu a proper stair
for ninnurc.
A large bed of'run ore I* on tit.* cn«t aide of Huf
fs lo. It will yield from lliiity to fi.iiy percent, of
pure Iran. ThpieLmioil.fr lurgo Led n>-ar Shef
field's ferry, twclvo mile* wn«t by nurtli of Sparta;
ids last i* the most valuable, and muy be procured
in any quantity.
Tlie Inrgcst tract of gmdtuod n--rtli of Span* in
tlie county, it on Uuff.lo creek. Must of the land
on tho cieuk nnd it* branches i* fir.i rate f -r corn or
cotton, and i* as goed a- can lie found in any of tlie
»oulli-en«tcrn counties. In addition, there are inex
haustible bed* nf nrgillncemi* nuirl in tim lower
part w hich might bead vnntag- ou-ly uppli fiats ma
nure. Few coitnries are so fiivorahly si imird for
tho exercise of a spirit of agricultural exterpisr ns
Hane.-ck. On one sldo there ore numerous bedaof
mail,on theother, Itetlsnfwhnl istcrhuically term-
eil gn-en sand,and with soils to which they ni'o pecu
lisrly appropriate. It seems ns though nntu.e de
signed lids solely forauugriculiural.lLirict with the
best soil and sataaoil in tbn wo.Id. Sltn places al
tbe disposal ol llm ptupriri.tr* the most potent min
eral manures ever yet applied lo land. 1 believe
that a spirit of improvement is beginning to bei-liei
ted and soon we shall see the soils of Hancock re-
sumo their pristine fertility. They need only infur
msliun rogsiding their soil*, and some knowledge of
the tiue principle* and practice of agriculture to ron
der thoir wh-de eoun'ry what ithxt been, and pioba
bly much mote productive.
Soma of the host land in the county it on Shout
der Bone creek.and its'best branches vxtending from
near the cojnty line tu it* junction with the Oconee.
The land near the mouth is ro ling, and in fart the
whole surface is rolling throughout the whole length
of tlio creek, hut there aro nu hill* of much elevation,
mutt of them hnvo been in un high s'ateoffeVlilljy.
but by bad mniutgi-ment, they have been denuded of
their proper soil. There is however an excellent
tub-tori remaining nf the ferro atgiHaeeou* variety
containing in it a composition the sHicettrd pro tux
ide of iron and pot-ash, which, when prevented from
washing, will soon recover it* fritllity. Many of
the enterprising farmers In the ttpprr part of. tin*
county, are making experiment* to rerlalm if psssi
hie, their exhausted land*, and they have tlientare
succeeded. Th* plan is to hmitcntalite, a* it is'
called, Loth cf dill-lung and ploughing. If priqmrl^
■ixnagrd,the laud is rlfeclual'y nurd front tlierta
tacti uf Iha most wa-ldng rains,‘a* tin- pan season
has proved. IVcsAlxf Is a greater etll In ferro-argll
Iseeous land than In an^r oilier where there I* • der jt
it the land In Ml. Etan and vicinity. The ditches
must bo mid- to sun ti.e coniuurjt I lh-groMid. «nd
at a distance hum each othsr cMrespuw l-ng wid*
ti e declivity lithe Id I be ale«|i, they Iw I"
thesamo pi< [•> lion trai-r etch writer. |ftlms» r *
tare of the l m bu irregular, the . ditches must In*
made ao a# t» cotrespoial whh the Irregularity t that
is, the rum* p«-*.og tim iMges mutt dwiste mure
front n strait Course, All tliud lchr* must coinmuoi
calo with a marginal ditch sufficiently deep ro se
ed** all lire water uf the horituniol dltrlma. Twu
'deep furross i wish n plough is generally sufficient
fijr aliemniiAm fli-ld*. 1 lie inmi ,hilly land lx this
euuniy that i*cohifutr ( l, n ill nut tetfuitv dilrbe*
nearer than City festi, Ut rimy *UuM »*• parallel to
each oilier, wild list* plouglird lunow# should also be
parallel. The rut tit from iheditchea*lo»ukl fi<rninn
eilthiinkmi'iit oil litcir l.iwer margins. If llw»w dilcli-
bs U properly con*trurtcd, and their curves m*dei«*
coriospuhd with th" induiuiinn* oftlm surface, the
soil U'lwcn t Lent will he i-ffi-ciually g'iardvdagain«t
wa»l,|itg. Ill must fields they med D*.t Ik- nvtre than
one fi-*; in rta^ h, mid two in width, provided lho
earth liken from thadiich bo madunacmbnnkm'lit
Theae ditches being nearly liutitnntsl, serve in u de
greo lolnvlgirroto the soil and thu*. rnnitlly lo lu
tniWh* It-riility. Slionld thi# nicthird be general
ly hditpU'd l.y tl.e planter* of the upper pvrt of
Hnttcn. k, the fund* in ona or two year* would air
siirne an tnt rely different appearance and their pro
duce wt.ull bo doubled.
f Thrro ii a locality of steaUtc, or soup stone, on
Shoulderbsne creek, nine mile* north we-l from
Sparta; it It Mifi easily cut or sawed, and might be
UM-fiil for rfiimnied.
A bel» of th.* green sand formation passe# through
tho upper pit tol.Uiu county, whieli renders this land
vuluulile. j find on anulysis, tlsut till* subsiunce
contains from louriccn tofiftsmi per cent of potnssee.
This is whnt, in u gtnilngiciil suave,, is called the
tipper green land, nthl differ* somewhat fiom that
in soiith wesvirn Georgia. wh : ch i# the lower. It is
howuvnr. equally valuable a* n manure. From these
land*, it is consisleied preferable tuplaister ofparis,
lime, or murl. Tlio belt is narrow, Lut it troy ba
found in ditiuchrd beds on almost oirry plantation
that contains the ferro argillaceous earth. 'I be far
tners who wish in make Hancock thoir permanent
residence, would find it fur their interest to search
for It.
The siiiiution of groan sand in-Shoulderbonn is
nearly a miln w i lc, but it is found occasionally six
nr night miles below. It is fonnd on an average
about 8 feet from ilia surface. An excavation wo*
made into the stratum to ilia depth often tact with
not getting through it. The quality improves with
the depth. I analyzed a specimen token from the
lower part of this ttreturn—in one hundred pant
were the following—jilicioted protoxide of iron,
22;
Potnssee, 10.5
" Lime, atruco
Tho luml in tlio lower, pnit of Green county!*
grunllio except, ne’xr tho cro.-k* utid branches, when)
it is fcritaginou*. Tlie substratum is a coarse gneia*
nnd the iltrfnce l* *trowed with fragmentary rock#
of gneiss nnd granite, with large boulders ol thu lat
ter weighing several ton*. The surface of all the
rock* exposed to the weather, aro in a sintn ofda-
composition; but as they curtain no grant quantity
of feldspar theyafloid but little clay to the soil. 1 ha
south western corner of the county im«r tho river,
nnd on Kirhfundrteek, especially, i# very fine pro
diictivn luml. It is ferro argilluconus and cootaim
beds of grt on srtnd of ii good quality for monure.
Richland creek I* within tho ferro argillaceous and
green sand fi»motion, and i* boidcred by good Itiiu
for most of its epurse. Tlio grout forru nrglllaceou#
butt enter* tim enun-y ut the north east, and pusses
In a west south west course through it. The town
ofGreensburough is situated on it. In th a fi.rnir.'
liongrrun *uitd i# rleposiiml, nltbougli it i* occasion
ally found thirty miles above, though not in general
of so rich a quality. Tbe formation in Green will
average about live miles in width. Till# contain#
Ike best land in the county taken na a whole. Rut
theta urn murl trucis of excellent land in nil part* of
tho county. And tlie citizens aro determined ro
improve it. An agricultural zeal nnd snlrit pervade#
lho whole cnnntry. They aro nn highly intelligent,
moral and enterprising class of citizen#, and they
seem determined thnt Green shall nut ha behind her
sisters in ocriciilnirnl improvement.
Above and bolow the ferro argillaceous belt lire
soil alternates, first a belt of grey ailicious earth nnd
their fi-rrnginnus sand and clay, both oftliem tun
parallel with tlio ferro argillaceous, nnd although
fertilo at llrat they aro sooner exhausted than tho
Inner, utile#* constantly manured.
There tiro no'minernl* of much consequenr.<\ ex-
cuj»t lit* Rrrrtl «nnil,to bo found in llm w-uolj- Tjwrri*
me somn beds of iron ore, blit it is not rich in metal.
Hour I* nl#o a vein of the gold formation on tho land
of Robert Nowsom in rock. It np
pears to belong to tlie • hut I doubt
i# being valuable. Ihovo obtained some very fine
cabinet specim'-n* of mineral* from this county, a
description of which must bo reserved fur the grncr
al repurt. •
Tliero la n tract of exccllcnt'lond in the fork nf Iha
Oconee nnd AimlpcIdeolH. A ridge divide* the wu
leri of each,'on Loth side* of which may be found as
good hind a* nny In the county.
CInrIi county taken generally is not equal u> Green
lit point nf fertility, although there nro many tract*
of excellent fertile land. But there doe# not appear
to be thm spirit of improvement in this county n*.in
Green, whether rid* cental attributed to the quality
of the sosl, or to tl» wnnt of agricultural skill, 1 ant
unable ro determine, fi.r as n county, tbn citizen*
nro ns intellignot nnd industrious as tho#" of any
other couiity in tlie State. 1 he best land in tho coun
ty is on the cast side of tlio north Ocunce, hero urn
bed* of green amid ofn very excellent quality. Iti*
found in sntnll quantities as far ns .WttTklosville.
There nro sevciol bed* of Iron ora in different parts
of tho county. There is u bed of Putter# clay on
HnrLcr’* creek, twelve mile# from Athens. Tho
substratum of fttost of the county i* gneiss. A dyke
offinogt'nincil^rAnhe constitutes tlio upper fulls of
the Jnckson line. This passe* into slcnito and horn
hlrtidu rocks nn ono side, and micaceous gneiss on
the other. I huve collected specimens of various
mineral* in riiocounty, but this is nut the pluco to
describe them.
J tick-on, taken n* a whole, is an excellent county
of Imul, siinuteil-tts it were, nt the haso of the moun
tains, iha nntiira! conclusion would be, tlmt it was
u fei tile tract ofluild, I have particularly exumined
every pmt, nnd 1 uni frau to say that I consider it
to bo superior on an average, tu the coonlio* of
Walton, Claik, oi Gw innett. A grant part of it is
s fino ferruginous sand and clay. The sulis ratom
L fcIiLpnthic gneiss with graoii stone nnd sianite,
and where tltesa rocks nro found we may bo sure of
go. d soil. It i* favorably situated with regard to
water De-ides numerous creeks and branches
three liver* puss through it, making large tract* of
deep alluvial ground*. The ridge* between thu
stteatn* nnd the exticmu nmlh west hnvo a thin *ili
cious toil. The tnblo land on Hall line, though level
i* poor nnd gravelly It is ouu thousand and seven
ty-eiglil feet above tbe level ot tin- Ocean
Tlieic arc bed* of good iron ore in almost every
part,nnd the stream* offord excellent sites for tho er
eeltan of furnace* for smelting, mill*, &c
I have thu* given vour Excellmcy an epitome of
my survey ns tar huve proceeded, morn tiiun
two thousand squnre miles Itnve ta-en expluted the
present s--nson, nmid-t a daily interruption by rnin
ami consequent doniruction of rouds and. bridges;
more thun half (iietiTO I have been detained hylho
weather. Double tho number of counties would
hiiveta'cn explored incommon *en*oa*. Should the
weather continue favorable, I shall probably cum-
;diTe tbe tutvey uf Hull and Lumpkin by the first nf
Novembor. 1 have labored every day that the
Georgia, whara no other miNNia exist of discovering
I r v iou«l| the nrudui tiveneat or the land.
3. Nothing (a to in pot tent tu a farmer na • know
ledge of the tautra of the wetness and dryness in x
soil, apl llte means which he thnsld adopt to cured
the excess ufritli'T- Homo uf hi* crops mat bear
or require ednrer soil than others; ami if he knows
the astute of the ruck* which occur In different
part* oi tils farm or plantation, ha will alto know
those parts u( it where tho water will atcapeol it
self through the atibjncrnt Mian, and those where
h- maysupjly the meant of drainage, which nature
lias denied- At the same time huh enable to select
those parts of tim soil, which by tlieir dryness ur
moisture, are best adapted to particular crops.
4. A knowledge of the position uf particular strata
enables tlie farmer to obtain a supply of Water when
lie rtquiiot it, ani therefore, saves him mu-h trou
ble and *x|*nsa in searching or digging fur it For
if he makes himself acquainted with the nature, di
reel ion and di-s of tho rocks, he ran tell to a cer
tainty, in what direction the water wltirh filleted
through tbe soil will run ond wltero it will bum out
in the foim ofn spring.
5, Toagticuliurislsunilespecially planters Imho
middle and smith* rn purls of Georg a pnrticulmly,
end uvea to lho citizens ofrite whole State who are
desirous improving tin ir lands, and wLhlnbcac-
q'io in tod with valuable mineral retoutcc#, with w hich
tlieir land* ahoui-d, a thorough ge-logienl and agri
cultural survey uf the State it of the utmost impur
tance. It w ill Jevclope stores of mineral manure
with which this State abound-, direct the mode of
npplicatinn and designatothe toils to which they are
peculiarly adapted, without the trouble and expense
of experiments, which very fnw at present are quail
fird to perlorm.
d. A knowledge of placet where good building
material* for toads, bridges, dwellings, &c., may be
fouhd and quarried is of vast importance to a civili
trd community. But without tome acquaintance
with the natuie un positions of rocks in n district,
it i* impossible tu discover, unless hy accident, tha
particular spot* wlicra suitable stone can be found,
and to what depth it must be sought. By following
the principles of Geology, a pet soli muy not only
know the species oi rock that exist one hundred feet
nr more below the surface, but the depth that he
would have lo excnvu;o to arrive at it without the
expense of digging oven though there may be differ
ent tlrn'n uf rock ultuve. These principles, geology
points nut to mathematical accuracy, and they are
adopted in every geological survey. These are some
of th*> advantages which would result tu agricultur
ist* by judiciou* geological and agricultural surveys.
It is hoped these remarks will be received at they
are intended, not a* olicited hy interested pecuniary
motives, but by n tincete desire that the citizen* of
my favorite adopted State may duly appreciate the
importance of the great enterprise undertaken with
a single cyo to tlirlr good nnd the interest of science,
and prosecuted with unremitting labor, privation*
and di-appointments to the present time; but I do
not despair. By the blessing of Heaven, I can ac
complish the task.
I have the honor lo be your Excellency’*
Most obedient nnd vety bumble servant,
JOHN RUGGLES COTTING,
State Geologist.
weather would penpit-without indulging myself with
a recess, at ho* been usual in the heal ofsum r.er.
I'wIdmuWw tub-rod and bed* of gient sand—such
anil hope that mv excrli-ns will incut your Excel
lency'a approbation and that of thu Hutiurable Leg
ulature. .
In conclusion, I beg leavo to present your Excul
lency with a fow remarks on the benefits of a geoh
gicnl survey to Agriculture.
1. The Planter orFnrmrr knotting from experl
men! and observation, tlie toils whichate best fitted
lor tho growing of particular crops, should atcer
t.vin what the rock* are in any particular district,
ami wh-riiei* they are such as'arn likely to produce
hy their disintegration rich nnd abundant, crop#.—
li‘ ihe rock* nro eniirrly tiliciou*. be ought to add
clay and carbonari? of lime, nr mnrl? if it be orgilta
conus, will answer the purporo of both, in duo pro
portions in onier to effect a proper admixture. If
there.il too mucfycluy in thetoil tuppli-d hy the
subjacent «trotn, ii^aonseqitenco of which the soil b-
wet.co'd and olhetwiiysunfavornhle, then ho thou!*
correct the soil hy the addition oft rad.
2 The agriculturist.ii he know t tjie/ut motion of
n county, th* character of which be is not otherwise
acquainted with, l* enabled to select tli*t part which
it mo*t likely ro yield a fertile soil. And the tame
.rotnntk which applies to n | er-on who it about
.commence farming iiper-ttivnt in an unknown ilia-
tnCt.APp !•'* alroto lltccs»e of a poison puiihating
a plantation. Il lie I* de.lrou* of having Lnd caps
bln of produring fertile snips and a permanent toil,
ha will prefer the frldtpAtlik) gneia* and limestone
districts,and avoid the granitic and gray wnd-.iimo.
If ha wishes fur rlrlt graffiag laud, ha will pit fer iha
trap hills and sLnlia, Till* Information Is paeitllar'
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER SO, 1840.
FROM FLORIDA.
Tlta eekite fog of our troops in Florida ha* again
bean laughed to scorn by tha savages. Wa etpact.
ad tlieir professions ware but tbelr usual rate dt
guerre lo gain time at a season favorable tar our
troops to operate.
Wa learn that information wa# received on Wed-
neaday by a gentleman of till* city, that tbe great
talk with tlie Indians has terminated in amuka.—
Somn forty or more Indians were Dn tbe night of thu
14tb Inst present neor Fort King. On tha next
morning they bml all <B*app*ared. Thu cause of
their conduct is unknown.
Weouitclf think tlilit the massacre of Harney's
little detachment should teach our brave truopa to
put no faith in the promises of such a foe.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Columbus county gnve fur Van B'tren 315, fur
Harrison 204, being a nntt democratic gain of 05.
Cumberland county fur Van Uuren 950, Hotrison
013. Democratic g.-tin 7.
ARKANSAS.
Tlie clerk of the steamer Cherokee, arrived last
evening, inform* u* that itioie was a reported
majority (or Van Buren in that Slate uf fiom 2,050
tu 2,500.—-A T . O. Bt e, 13th imt.
TENNESSEE.
Gone tar Tippecanoe.
Troopt for Florida.—Y/e learn that 400 Unbed
States troops,, including officers, arrived here this
morning in tho steumor Curvolte, from Fort Smith,
in Arkansas, and that limy will proceed at toon at
possible to Florida.—N. (J. Courier, IDA inti.
The Board of Trustees of Franklin Collego, con
vened in the Executive Chamber, on Monday, 10th
inti, a quorum ht'ing present.
Gen. R. M. Echols, of Walton, was appointed n
Truiteo to fill I the vacancy of Col. Zachariuh Wil
li sms, deceased. At 3 o'clock, the Trustees, at
tended by Id* Excellency, Charles J. McDonald, the
President nnd Secretary of the Board, repaired lo
the Senate Chambor, w ho, together with thn Senate-
formed the Senntus Acndemirui. The annual ad.
dress of the President, together with the report of
the Trustees, setting forth the amount of receipts
and expenditures tar thn lost year was received, and
un motion, referred lo the Senate; when, on motion
ofQun. Harden, the appointment of Messrs. Coop
er, Grave* nnd Echo!*, was confirmed. Tho Sena-
tua Acodemicu* then adjourned tine die.—Federal
Union, 17 inti.
A kri, l.nd.4 h... ■ fcw J.y. • a»Wr ot
f>..M*.,-r. t.k.n from ,1ip .l.lp N..r..y, wmVcS
K -W“k« |-*»«|ufiom
It' O*——I «U li.it tlioul 100 ion. nf
Inl bm-ndnon.
• ■linen-.. Inri,lit. Knu.of nur wreck... left
lilt... .uonMibnnew. wu known; but will nnlba
nbl. to do nny thing If *m » c ii.i. w.rek.”^l
*• •* I*-n llm fcn,ll«h .Ida of ibnjnlf ,tret«.
Wo look for our n reckci. mnmrwlyt the. bnvo boon
,nno four da. a. t om informed that tim Nnrwor
wn« n fin* now .hip, nnd brlon,ed to Bmw,
Kku u-b> m.i il.tw.u J.... e ii.. • "«**»■*
Sbo wi. out thirty dire. Trom Horewlwn fa,,'
Knclnh bark Ca.koi be. finlabrd bar ren.ln
*n. “
Tho 1
•od leaves in a day or so.
Lost of Ike,
. , APALACHICOLA, Nov, H,
Huston, 33 day* out from Havre, tar New Orleans •
nn Soli Bank, Dog Key, having run on the rocks
that abound in that region. Tho Norway was stand
ing fur tho Key, with all sail let,whan her proximity
to the reef was discovered, hut unfortunately too
late to wear ship. She hud a Inrgo cargo of French
goods, for the New Orlenna market, on board, which
will be almost a totnl lost, together with the atrip.—
On board wore tbe Horn H. R. Denis. Ex Govenor
of Louisiana, end family, and others, making 22
cabin passengers, and 60 in the ate*-rage. Tha Cte
bin paasnngers were taken off by tlio Henry lee r
Gnidm r, tar this port, by whom tlie Norway wa#
fallen In with. The steerage passengers were ta
ken into Key West by the Hnllowell, on eastern vea
snl, nnd wreckers wore in sight, when the Leo left,
lu ink? offihe Captain and Crew, and taveatmuch
of the vessel und cargo as potslblei Happily no
live# were lost, nor remained in jeopardy.
Tho Norway struck on tho fifth of November,
about one o’clock A. M. Tlio weather was fine r
or tlio catastrophe would have been awful. Tbr
cabin poBsenger#, wVro brought to this port, and
thrir names may be found under the proper head.
We have not learned where abu was insured, nor
whether the watiniured at nil.
THE PRIME MINISTER OF FRANCE.
M. Thiers it a small man, with rather an effrmi
nnlo voice and look.but notwith-txnding he i* a man
of great capacity. He t * what We call a self mode
man. He bus written the best work on lltu French
revolution, has been tho most powerful writer fur
the pres# in Franco, hu hits mado capituJ und effec
tive speeches in tho Chumbrr of Deputies, he isnow
prime minister} nnd less than twenty years ngo he
was poor nnd unknown, inheriting nothiug but puv
orty and disgrace, living in obscure lodging*, end
not knowing fiom day today when or how ho wn#
to get n dinner. In April noxt, M. Thiurt will be
forty four yonrt ofnge, und in less than half that
number of yenr* he lias built himself a nnmo and
developed n character that may he envied by mnny
an older and butter man. His futher was a lock
smith, und nt eighteen the non was entered at a law
student, and Hppliud himself with alacrity end per
severance to thu study of literature, philosophy and
history, identifying him*clf with the party of the poo
pie, end enlisting himself un tiui side of the revolu
lionista.
His talents were great, hi* writings forcible. He
wiote a theme fur the prize of the Academy of Aix,
which, although acknowledged the best, wn* in con
sequence of coming from him, rejected, and the do
ctsionof theprizo was postponed to another year.
In ihomann time a new competitor for tho prize ap
peared, who sent his manuscript from Paris. The
production enlitiseil nil ot liars, and was pronouneod
successful, when lo! un opening the muled packet
concealing the author's name, who should it bv but
tbe litilo jacobin Theirs. Ho had written an entire
new treaties, and having gota friend to copy it,nnd
lulit in the post office nt Puri*, it had uninspected
> the learned members of the Academy, gained tar
h m tho prize.
Having been admitted to the bar of Aix he did
not succeed, because he was known astho poor
man,and hn concluded to come to Paris to seek hi#
fortune He wus rich in hope, 'in ambition, nnd in
talents, but oven here ho was for some time in ob
scurity nnd povery. But he knew that fortunowa*
a fickle goddess, and hn watched her with a keen
oye to take advantage of thu first chance she should
give him, tu the stuliun hn coveted. In 1823 he
made the acquaintance uf Munual, the great oratrr,
und of Lafilte, and hcci-mo one of the writers tar the
Constitutionncl, then the best pnper in Paris. Here
he shonu pre-eminent for tho net vo. the boldness
and thu beauty of Iris contributions, and soon lie be
came personally acquainted with tlio ttrat men of
theduy. lie wus a frequent visler at Taltayrand*#,
and hu is frequently called in derision, by tlio op-
iiitUiun, the" would-be Talleyrand" of tl.e day.—-
delta man of great judgment and of much obser
vution, mid rarely allows anything to escape hit
mumery.
From « mere w riter in the Constitutional lie soon
become a proprietor, and, fortune having gone well
with him, hu assumed tho dandy, and was to he
found every day at Tortoni’s, nnd kept his horse to
tide in the UoL du Bulngne. Tho Cousliiutionncl
did not suit hit purposes after a while. It was too
old fusliioucd.nud ho wanlt-d something fresher.—
Accoiditigly in 1828, he found n now paper called
tin- National, which took u stand more democratic,
and w a* the mouth nicco of tho revolutionary party.
In the National, M. Thiers showed his industry
and his vigor. He attacked the government of
Charles X.and goaded nn l'qlignnc to tho utmost.
Ho kept Ilia post when olhci journalists wrre afraid
to speak, nnd was only drven from it at last by
fince. M. Thiei* took an active part In the rovelu
lion of July, 1830, and it was hu. with Lafitte, that
induced llm Duke of Oilcuns to accept the crown.
Ho mado part of the fiial Cabinet of Louis Phillip-
te, as under secretary to the minutor of finance,
ie was soon after fleeted deputy for Aix, and tn«de
Ins fir»t uppeorance in the Chambers.
The Lafilte ministry huving been obliged tore-ign,
Casitner l’nrricr became prime minister, and tho np
position counted upon M. Titter* os their leader, but
he disappointed them nnd came out with an rlo
qticnt and uhle sp* oclt itgHinst all their propositions.
Un the subject of the hereditary peerage, democra
tic un.l jacobin ns lie always had been, he proved
himself even m**ro ministerial than the ministry
ihemstlvri. His speech on thii occasion is said to
huve been most «nu»terly. The hereditary f.-U to
tlie ground, but from this moment M. Thiers was
stamped as one of the first orators of the Chamber,
mid he retain* his'runk to this day. It it useless to
follow him through nil the politics of France to this
time. He hat, 1 believe eitlier directly or indirect
ly,been a.part of every cabinet since 1830, until
1838, when Im wn* found on ihcoppositinn benches.
In Marrlt, 1840, M. Thiers became Prime Min
ister, and whatever may be said of hi* acts, he ht 1
shown hiwielf io tar nn able one There are many
who doubt whether ho will be able lo tut'ain himself
through lire coming session of the Chambers, and
the opposition are muktag vigorous efforts to oust
him if possible. So much for M. Thiers as a publio
man. In private ho is affable to those he meets, and.
a companion whoso society is io he cov«’ted, Lut
beyond this we are permitted to know nothing. It
is said he lint not always done what he should, and
that he wa* indirectly concerned in the speculations
about the Exchange about the 1st of August; these
matters of private scandal, however, are wliat you in
Americthavanoihini; to do with —Peril Contf
pond race of the Boston Daily Advertiser.
GEORGIA LEGISLATURE.
From the Mtlledgeville papers of Tuesday.
SENATE—Monday, Nov. 9.
Bit/s Introduced.
By Mr. Harris of Burke: To nlier nnd amend on
act, entitled an act to carry into effret the sixth sec
tion of the 4th article of tiro constitution touching
tho distribution of intestate estates, &c.
Also, a bill tor tl.e relief of executors, adminiatm
tor a and guardians, in curtain cases, nnd to point
nut the manner, in which their returns shall bo
NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 12.
Rio Janeiro.—Through the attention of Capt.
Munson, of the barque Dan'l Webster, wn hnvo
been put in potsession of a file of Rin papers to
Sept. 25th. The U. S. sloop of war Marion, ar
rived at Rio on tlie 23d, and the U. S. frigate Poto-
mne sailed tar the River Plata on tho 25th Sent.
Bee.
Trom Texas.—By an arrlvol from Texas wo
hnvo received Galveston paper* to the 7th Inst. A
treaty of amity and commorce was concluded on tho
18th of Sept, last, between Holland and Texas.
The Courier of the 7th mention* that a long time
has elapsed since any account# of Indian depreda
tions within lho territory have been received. Tho
Conmnchos appear uncommonly quiet, nnd disposed
to go peaceably into winter qunriors. The expedi
tion lately fitted out under Col. Moore, ond that an
der Co|. Howard will probably somewhat disturb
their anticipated security. An encounter will no
doubt soon take place between these companies and
Indians, whirli will effectually prevent further mo
lestalion to the whites.
A rumor is in town, soya lho Houston Star of the
5th, thnt the Federalist* were defeated and flying
back into Texas—tlmt tho success they obtained
wn* merely over the rearguard of Arista, but an the
coming up of his main body, they were cut lo piecos,
ifcc. We place but little confidence in the rumor.—
Ib.
Billt Patted.
To authorize tbe returns of Sheriffs, Constables,
Coroners and Justices of thu Pence, to be traversed,
nnd to point out tho manner in which the same shall
be dono.
Tocompensate Juror* in lliecaunty of Ware; and
to authorize the Inferior Court to levy an extra tax
tu pay the tame.
A communication was received from the Gover
nor transmitting the resignation of Major General
Charles H. Nelson, commanding the 12th Division,
a. m-
Alto, a communication transmitting a preamble
and resolutions relative to the demand made by the
Executive of Virginia on tho executive of the State
of New York, for the turrerder of certain fugitives
fromjattice.
These proceedings («ny the Governor) relate tn
a subject vitally interesting to tlio whule Union, in
volving its pence, nnd prrlui|is its integrity. It can
not be disguised that people bound by all the ties
of country and constitutional obligation to feel and
resent on injury to the humblest citizen or his pro
perly, are forming foreign ullmnccs to commit un
provoked aggressions on both. They cover their
wicked designs with pretentions of philanthropy nnd
religion,and are artfully uniting their Interest* with
those of a powerful political patty, to give force
and effect to their principles.
All who properly appreciate tho blesiinga of free
Government, will loin in resisting their unwarrnmu
bio effut ts. The State nf Virginia, In her particular
cate, recummeuda the Governor to renew his cor
respondence with the Executive of New York, re
questing a review of tho ground taken by him, and
that he will urge the consideration of tbo subject up
on the Legislature of tlinl State; but proposes no
definite ultimate meatureuf redress. Iti* found
that little i* to bo hoped from an Executive nfficer-
wlio denies the right of a Stale to protect the pro
perty of it* citizen by penul enactments, or from a
Legislature which hasnlreudy passed an act to frus
trato the wise provision* of the Constitution und
Laws, by whish a citizen of one Stnlo may recover
pnqierty that hat escaped into another.
Tlio moderation of Virginia must command the
npprovul of all; und whatuvercoursn she may deem
il her duty to pursue hereafter, in tbe prosecution
ur vindication uf harrighis, she will have the co
operation of Georgia.
1 will take this occasion to remaik, that the mode
of executing that part of the Constitution of the Uni
ted States, which relates to the arrest nnd delivery
of fugitives from justice, should not be permitted
to remain indoubt. It should be settled. Until
this it dona, the occurrence of each now case will
give rise to fresh difficulties, und the hurn-ony of the
States will bn subject to perpetual distuibonce. It
L clear that the existing law is wholly inefficient for
that purpose.
Tin- right to damond, and the inditpentable obli
gallon to deliver, are created by tlio Constitution
alone. The plun proposed by the General Assem
bly uf Georgia teems to be fraught with fewerohjee
lions than nny yet sugget'ed. it requires the party
on whom tbo oblixathm resit, to perform the duty.
I regret that the paper* now communicated, did
not reach mo in lime tu huve submitted them to you
at an earlier period.
[Signed.] CHAS. J. McDONALD
Sundry bills wore rend the 2d time, .when the
Senate adjourned to 3 o’clock, 1*. M—when they
met the Trustees of the University as a Stnalut Aea
demicut.
iinpiutaut unite middle and imiilieoi lections vf pled."
Tender Avowal in the Way of Trade.—A young
ond pretty girl stepped into a store where a sproce
young man, who had long been enamoured, but dar
ad not speak, stood behind the counter telling dry
goods, in order to remain at long as passible, she
chea;*enrd every thing; at last the said "I believe
you think I am cheating you." "Oh no," said ilia
youngster, "to me you are alwas fair." "Well,'*
whispered tha lady, blushing at alia laid an empha
•it on tha word. "I would not stay so long bargain-
ng if you were not to dear."
Cropt iu France.—An American, writing from
France under data of Oct. 14, 1840, says—" Never
wero the crops—gtain and wine—tu|*arlor In this
realm, either in quality nr quantity, to thoao nf the
present year. Since the beglnlng of this month, un
HI yesterday afternoon, tha weather wa* blight and
r keen. Tbe dlspisy of fruit lx fgfil uaaxxfl*
(Correspondence of the Augusta Constitutionalist.J
MILLEDGEVILLE, Nov. 16.
In the House this morning,Mr.Chappell of Bihb,
was elected Speaker pro tern, in lho ubscnco of
Speaker Jenkins. The vole wotChiippi ll 96,Stroud
of Walton, 75. In thu House also, a motion was
made to reconsider thn voto of Suturday, in relation
to the rejection nftho bill for the pardon of Francis
Lawrence. That motion was lust, veaa 64,nays 102.
Mr. Morris of Murray, introduced a res*dution.ra
quiring the Director* of the Central Bank to receive
in payment of debts duo said bank, the scrip issiird
by the commissioners of the Western and Atlantic
Rail Road, bearing date the 4th of Murch Inst, and
payable at said honk, and alto other scrip issued
since the 4th of March, In payment of debts hereof
ter to become due to that banjt.
The Senate, as in committee of the whole, return
ed the consideration of thn bill for the organization
of a supreme court. A* I staled in my last letter
the blank for the salary of the judges was filled with
$2500 The blanks fur tho sittings of the court in
the five districts were filled. 1st district, nt Hines-
viI!>-, Liberty County; 2d di*tiict. Washington,
Wilkes County; 3d district, Macon, Bibb County;
4th district. Gainesville, Hall County; and 5th dis
trict, Talbotton.Tnlboi County.
When I had to elute this tatter, the Senate were
proceeding lu the consideration of tho bill.
Correspondence of the Charleston Courier.
KEY WEST, Nov. 10.
The tebosner John Clarke, from your rmt for St
Marks, ha# repaired the Injury leceiredfrom tha
flnge of her anchor, and proceeded on W
without discharging liar cargo. The echf*! 8m *°
ga, alsofrom your pert tar MoblU# bM brought
In li.ro by th, »rmh,r.,K.,ln, •»«» lh ?
Tortuf..* Til, court ha. tinier** fl.« hundred -rid
filly rloll.r. lo wmk.r» for «»l«»ri
...Ml, &e. pay ib. neor* Md Tbl.
H.y, opr, brhnro.r«o, jn.il.llw of dry fond.,
and soma tbots, were »<d4 10 raise about 91250,
io vEto iib* "HI take In the balance of ber
S&’ i f«WtajJ). In o dny nr
i»»—ibc be* beta boic out,caulked, k«.
'GEORGIA LEGISLATURE.
IN SENATE.
REPORT
Of the Commissioners of the Wetlern and Allan•
tie Rail Road.
MtttrKDaxvitT.K, Nov. 12th, 1840.
To the Hon. Thomas Stocks, Pres. Senate.
Sfi I I take leave tu encluto to your address the
annual report of the Commissioner* uf the "West*
ern and Atlantic Rail Road," to the General Astern
bly, and to u«k of you tlio favor of causing the tame
to be presented to the Senate.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully,
Your most ob’t,
J. CRAWFORD.
To the Hon. the Senate and House of Represent
tativei of the Slate af Georgia, in General At
tembly convened:
lit obedience to the requirement# of nn act of tho
General Assembly, assented to in the month of Do
cemb.-r, 1838, tho Commissioner* appointed to tu
pcrintnnd the survey nndcon-truction of the "West
ern ond Atlantic Rail Rood,” beg leave to offer the
following report of their proceedings, tar tbe year
ending on the 10th of October lust.
Neatly four years have elapsed, since the Govern
ment of Georgia resolvi-d to construct n railway
across the mountainous district* of the State, which
would serve a* a great thoroughfare between the
counties lying on "the Western waters," the inter!
or markets nnd seaports of Georgia. Although tho
entorpriso wa* deemori worthy of the Sinte's ambi
lion, and its advantages to the crowing wealth of
tho country, generally acknowledged; to the unin
formed.it* magnitude apponred a|>palling,and many
denied its practicability. But explorations nnd sur
vrys of tho country lying between the Chattahoo
dice ond Trnncssec rivers, conducted by a scicnti
lie and experienced engineer, furnished abundant
proof of its practicability, and that the expenditure
requisite fur its accomplishment, was certainly with
in the comnns* of those means which the Stato
might rendily command.
As the last annual report of tha Commissioners,
gnvo to the General Assembly, a detailed account of
tbo principal transactions of thn Bnurd, fu.nncinl
and operative, from the commencement nf the wotk
to tho month of October, 1839, nothing more seems
now to be required, than a continuoncj of tho like
account for the subsequent year.
Tbo entire length of tbn "Western nnd Atlantic
Rail Road,'' from the point of its commencement in
DeKalb county, to its North Western terminus on
the Tennessee river, is n fraction above one hundred
and thirty eight miles. Of this, thn grading, mason
ry, ond bridging, on about one hundred miles, wero
put under contract during the year 1838 ThLgreat
Southern division of the road, traversing a moun
tninuus country, comprised the heaviest and most
expensive part of the work. Sumo of the sections,
on which are found the deepest cuts, and highest em
bnnkmenl*. by reason uf tho great amount of labor
required to effect the requisite grade, and theinabi!
ity of the Cotnmisrieners to rnnkn punctual payment a
lo Contractors, still remain unfinished. They are,
however, all in progress, and will doubtless be read/
to receive the auperstructure early in next year.
In tho month of December last, the Board of Com
missioners having directed the usual publication of
notice, proceeded to let to the lowest responsible bid
dera, tlie grading and masonry necessary to the road -
formation, nn the whule length of the remaining
divisions, extending from "Cross Plains," in Mur
rny county, to Ross' landing,on tho Tennessee river.
The stock markets every where, at that time being
unfavorable to tho snle of scrip, or State bonds, tho
Commissioners reserved to tliemrelves the right of
paying for the work then put under contract, either
in cash or Stnte bonds. They have not yet been able
to convcit those bonds into cosh at satisfactory
prices, and consequently, have made payments its
them.
In thoir last annual report, tho Commissioners in
formed tbe L»gLlalure, that they had full confidence
in the estimates of the Chief Engineer, which gavo
the sum of $559,000—os amply sufficient to cover
the cost of the entire road formnlion, including
grades, masonry, nnd bridges, on this Northern di
vision of thirty eight miles. We hnvo now the salt*
faction to state, from datn fumLhed by the prngreaa
which the wo: k has n I ready made, that itsnctual
cost in tho State, will full abort of this estimate,by
fifty or ono hundred .thousand dollars—u result,
which will doubtless surprise those, who. twelve
months ago asserted, nnd especially those who
believed that it would much exceed n million. .
The unasuilly heavy and frequent tal s of i tin this
year, have occasioned some damage lo the embank
ment*. and in • few instances, to the culverts that
bad been erected across brooks ond smaller stream*
—although none to our budges. Considering, bow
ever the great length and height of the embank*
manta, the open and loose texture of the dry clay,
of which they had been so recently formed, and tbe
extraordinary floods that have so frequently occured
in that part of the State, it is, indeed, mutter of tor
prise, that the work has suffered to little. Tbesa
damages have been repaired at a moderate expense,
and the state and condition of the road is now it
every point, surb a# to satisfy th* public expectation.
Every unfiniohwi section is in the hards of a contri-
butor.and no doubt* are entertained that tbo whole
will be completed by, or before tlie time. It may be
doetaed advisable tu ley down thn rails. Iu pro*
gr#M Us Indeed been retarded by the great prove-
tance of bilious fever among the bands, end ibusame
mum has deprived us at liuw*, of tba service* of
some member* of Engineer Corn*.
Ia view uf lU damage* tlmt have Urn caused if
the heovy rains of tU peat taa*«n,wr would rasped*
fully ask lU xttantloo of tU Uglsleture re • elta*
cf Om ci>», tbxt, It U believed, rrrprire pro