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TERMS OP SUBSCRIPTION. Daily— one year $lO 00 “ six months 500 •' three months 2 60 Tri-TV eskly—one year 500 sixmonths 260 Weekly—one year 2 00 sixmonths too Single copies, 5 cts. To news dealers, cts. Subscriptions must in all cases be paid in advance. The paper will be discontinued at the expiration of the time paid for. JAB. G. BAILIE. ) FRANCIS COGIN, Proprietors GEO. T. JACKSON,) Address all Letters to H. C. STEVENSON. Manager. They had five inches of snow in Pennsyl vania and New Jersey yesterday. The sun was shining warm and balmy in Au gusta. Grant has offered Delano’s place to old Zack Chandler, one of the most disrepu table politicians in the country. Chand ler is rich, and loves liquor inordinately. If the boy who carries telegraphic dis patches around to the newspaper offices will suspend his religious devotions at 11:30 o’clock and attend to his mundane duties, we will give him a Christmas gift. One of the topics of the town is—“ Who wrote the Moultrie letter to the Charles ton News and Courier?" Numbers of gen tlemen are suspected, but we fancy the right man has not been hit upon by any of the gues-ers. New developments are daily coming to light about an extensive band of forgers who started out from Canada. They have taken down several banks by means of forged cheeks, drafts and letters of credit. Such a set went through several Georgia and South Carolina banks three or four years ago. “This completes the impoverishment of the Polish Nobility,” is the suggestive language of a dispatch this morning. It means that Russia has forced them to sell their estates at a price fixed by it to Rus sian subjects. The poet Campbell truth fully calls the treatment of Poland by her conquerors “the bloodiest picture in the book of time. Professor Janney, the geologist, has made an official report upon gold in the Black Hills. We now know certainly that It is there in considerable quantity and that it extends through a considerable por tion of the country. Nothing prevents the settlement of the country by good citizens except those worthless louts, the Indians. They will hold back the tide for a few months only. Under date of October 15th, the Financial Chronicle says: For the week ending this evening the total receipts have reached 137,429 bales, against 102,402 bales last week, 80,268 bales the previous week, 47,- 064 bales three weeks since, making the total receipts since the Ist of September, 1875, 423,237 bales, against 372,368 bales for the same period of 1874, showing an in crease since September 1, 1875, 50,869 bales. The Wood county (Ohio) election returns have at last been settled by throwing out the Perrysburg box. This will increase Hayes’ majority a few hundred and make it about 5,000 in the State. We recollect Gen eral Butler said during the campaign that Allen would be elected by 30,000. This shows Butler won’t do to trust. All the independent papers over the country say that Ohio will vote the Democratic ticket for President, provided the platform has no inflation plank. Alluding to our “baby statistics,” the Atlanta Constitution says: “We fear there is a foul plot on foot to unduly swell the population of our sister city, with a view of reaching the 20,000 point, which insures a free delivery of mail matter under the postal laws of the United States.” If things go on as they have begun, heaven only knows where our population will be by the next census. The “cry is still they come.” The Indian Investigation Commission have at last made their report. We now have the true reason why Mr. Delano left the Cabinet. This Commission have un earthed a mass of putrid corruption, with which he was connected, and which he did not have the courage to meet as a Cab net officer. We take it that the charges made agaiust him in the news papers are only too true. He will pass into history with the long line of similar heroes brought to the surface by Grant, who had not sufficient moral courage to keep them from stealing. The commission condemn the whole batch of Indian agents as knaves, except one, and call him a fool. We suppose he had a chance to steal and didn’t do it. They wind up by proposing a Territorial government, the enactment and enforcement of such laws as we have among white folks. A judge would have about as good a time enforcing such an ar arraogement as he would over wolves, bears and the like. CRIMES AND CASUALTIES. Conviction of a Negro Fiend. Selma, Ala., October 18. —Isaac Mc- Affee, colored, ou trial for causing the terrible railroad accident on the Selma, Rome and Dalton Road, about one year ago, by placing obstructions on the track, was convicted and sentenced to twenty years’ imprisonment. Two white men are to be tried for the same offense. A Negro Ravislier Lynched. Atlanta, October 18. —Clarke Ed mondson, the negro who was charged with raping a white woman, in Fayette county, was taken out of jail by some two or three hundred people, early Sunday morning, and hanged ou the gallows that his brother was ex ecuted on a week before. A Father Murders His Children. Hackeltstown, N. J., October 18. — Joseph Ricker killed his two sons, aged six and ten. He missed his wife and shot himself seriously in the head. Marine Disasters. Cape May, October 18.—The schoo ners David Collins and Chimo, reported wrecked near Townsend Inlet on the 4tu, have gone to pieces. Yokohama, October 18.—The steamer Sunda, from Hong Kong with Euro pean mails, struck a rock near Turn about Island on the 14th inst. All pas sengers and the crew, except seven natives, were saved. London, October 18.—The French schooner Sophie Et Julie has been wrecked at Cape Archacon, on the coast of France. Twenty-one persons were drowned. Seizure of Smuggled Goods. New York, October 18.—A special agent of the Treasury to-day seized £35,000 worth of lace, silk and velvet trimmings, jet goods, beads, loose goods, &e., which were recently im ported from England, but undervalued in the invoices presented to the Cus toms officers. The capture of the original invoices led to a discovery' of the attempt to defraud the revenue. Forgeries, NewYork, October 17. — Philip Sehnel ling, John E. Hail and Emma Waters were brought up at the Second District Police Court to-day, charged with for gery. They obtained from Clark & Son, bankers, of this city, £590 in American currency for Canadian bills, and it was subsequently ascertained that these bills were obtained in Canada on forg ed letters of credit on the Bank of Brit ish North America, of Montreal. The forgeries were ( perpetrated ten days ago, and this country and Canada are flooded with them. Ctucjusta.Ccmstihvtionnlist. Established 1799. THE STATE FAIR. A Grand Opening—Fine Stock and Ma chinery from the North—The Rifle Contest—Crowded Trains—Arrival and Reception of Distinguished Guests—Programme for Speeches from Gordon, Hawley, Kelley and Bayard. [Special to the Constitutionalist.! Macon, October 18, 1875. The Fair opened successfully to-day. A force was at work all night placing articles, which are constantly arriving. There is a considerable quantity of fine stock and machinery from New York, Pennsylvania and Connecticut. The display is superb. A delegation of the Richmond Rifle Club made a success ful preparatory practice at the battery, which is arranged in Creedmore style. Eleven rifle teams have entered. Trains are arriving crowded. Many ladies are present. The weather is delightful and likely to remaiu so. There are ample accommodations for all who come. Ex-Gov. Hawley, Mayor Fox of Phil adelphia, Congressman W. D. Kelley, Gen. Newton, Mr. Robb of the Centen nial Committee, and Senator Bayard arrived and were received by General Colquitt, Secretary Johnson and a com mittee of citizens. A large crowd was at the depot with the Brunswick Cor net Band. The programme for to-morrow is this: Gen. Gordon arrives in the early morn iug at 11:30 at the Fair Grounds and delivers the address of welcome. The response will be made by Gen. Hawley on Wednesday. Hawley, at 1 p. m., addresses on Centennial matters. Con gressman Kelley also speaks. Bayard speaks on Thursday. Congressman James M. Williams, of Delaware, Is also here. F. WASHINGTON. Old Zack Chandler Offered Delano’s Place. Washington, October 18. — There is no doubt the President has offered the Secretaryship of the Interior Depart ment to ex-Senator Chandler. The Big Wigs Call ou His Majesty- Revenue Complications—Postal. Washington, October 18.—Judges of the Supreme Court paid their usual visit to the President. No business in the court. The Commissioners of Internal Rev enue will direct officers not to seize cigars packed in paper or tin boxes for the piesent, where they are satis fied the tax h;is been paid. The At torney General decides that the law does not permit the qpe of a cigar box in which the marks required by law have not been burned with a branding iron. The Commissioner will recom mend a modification of the law. The Postmaster General has directed that exact distances on railway routes be taken, and that, where practicable, mails be sent by the shortest routes. Indictment Agaiust Delano and Cos. — New Indian Government Pro posed. Washington, October 18, 1875. — The Indian investigation committee have made their report. They recommend the abolition of the officers of superin tendents of Indian affairs in the West, and that their duties be performed by inspectors. Recommend territorial— the Indian Territory—establishment of courts, abolition of tribal sovereignty, extention of the criminal laws*of the United States over Indian reservations, exaction of individual responsibility from the Indian for his accounts, and recognition of individual rights of property in their lands with some tem porary restriction in their power of alienation. They handle Delano as guilty, condemn Dr. Saville as honest, but weak, invoke the powers of the Depertment of Justice for punishment of the Indian Ring and deal roughly with contractors of the West generally. The report covers many columns and is unanimous. The Black Hills. Cheyenne, Wyoming, October 16. — Prof. Walter P. Janney, chief of the geologist expedition of the Black Hills, and assistants, returned to-day, hav ing spent five months in the hills, and made quite a thorough examination of the whole country, and mapped it from Belle Fourche to the south fork of the Cheyenne river. He reports the gold fields extending forty miles north from Harney’s Peak and twenty miles west. They contain gold in quantities that will pay from three to five dollars per day to a man, and that there are bars on numbers of streams that will pay much more than that. The water sup plies are ample for the working pur poses, and fully sufficient to carry water from the top of most of the bars and allow the tailing to be readily dis posed of. The gold is coarse, the scale good, and eas ly separated from gravel ■ and sand. The Professor has with him an ounce of coarse gold that two men obtained on Spring Creek with ten hours’ labor. Professor Janney corroborates Gen. Custar’s report of the Hills, and says that they will support thousands of miners when the Government opens them to settlement. The valleys are all adapted to agriculture, and the hills and canons to stock-raising. The rain-fall is plentiful and timber abund ant. His official report will be made from New York, probably before Con gress meets. FROM NEW YORK. The Noe Murderer—A Business Com promise-Report of Jim Fisk’s Leg acy. New York, October 18.—Dolan was arraigned for the murder of Noe. He plead not guilty ; also plead in abate ment the illegality of the grand jury. - Dillingham, the junior partner of Lee, Shepard & Dillingham, has bought the stock and good will of the con cern. This purchase is with the con sent of the assignee and creditors.— Business will be continued. The Erie Railroad statement from July Ist to August 3d, inclusive, is as follows : Receipts, §5,000,000 ; disburse ments, §4,500,000. Pottsville, Pa., October 18.—The Palo Alto Iron Company’s mills, which have been idle over a year, resumed operations to-day—about 300 men be ing employed, at a reduction of 25 per cent, from their former pay. Havana, October 18. — The draft of cavalry horses for the use of the army has-been abolished and a tax of ten dollars for every horse that would ' have been drafted has been instituted in its stead. FOREIGN DISPATCHES. , From the Arctic Regions. Southampton, October 17.—The steamer Pandora, fitted out by Lady Franklin, has returned to Spithead. She brings a letter which Captain Nares deposited at Carey Islands. The Alert and the Discovery arrived there' on the 27th of July and left, again for Smith’s Sound. They left Upensk on the 2d of July and Cape York on the 25th of July. The season was a very open one, and there was every prospect of attaining a high latitude. All were well. At Peel Soimd, within 20 miles of King Wiliiam’s Island she encountered impenetrable ice aud discovered the graves of three of Sir John Franklin’s men on Beachy Island. China and Great Britain. Shanghae, October 18.—Negotiations between Mr. Wade, British Minister, and the Chinese Government, are pro gressing satisfactoiily. The Pekin Gazette publishes au edict referring to the murder of Mr. Margary, declaring the right of foreigners to travel in the interior, and requiring Chinese officials to take cognizance of treaties. Messrs. Grosvenor and Baker will proceed to Yunnan overland. Mr. Wade has ar rived at Shanghae. From Rome. Rome, October 17.—The newly ap pointed Cardinal, Nobili Vitellesclii, is dead. King Victor Emanuel has arrived at Milan. Rotten Erie—M. Thiers between the Sherry aud Champagne—Repairing the Cable. London, October 18. —John Morris the attorney for the stock aud bond holders of Erie has made a report which depresses these securities. It in dicates heavy sacrifices by the holders. Paris, October 18.—At a banquet given in honor of Thiers at Auacton, in the Gironde, Thiers said the Republic must be maintained. He did not think the Radicals as black as painted and believed if they gained power they would pursue a different course from what opponents suppose. He desired the removal of all functionaries who do not respect the Reupblic. This he thought necessary to render elections of representatives. He denied that the Republic would isolate France. She may count upon the sympathy of Eu rope. The European policy in the fu ture will be peace and non-interven tion. He advocated a liberal and mod ern system of education. The Faraday expects to sail to-mor row to repair the direct cable. Work ing is expected about the 10th of No vember. A Pastoral Letter on the Guibord Affair —Review of the European Corn Market. Montreal, October 18. —Yesterday a pastoral letter from Bishop Bourget was read in all Catholic churches, again warning the people not to interfere with the burial of Guibord’s remains, and advising them to keep aloof from the ceremony. The letter states that the ground will be cursed from the moment Guibord’s remains are deposited there. The decree of the Privy Council is ac quiesced in, and is to be obeyed. London, October IS.—'Tho Mark Lane Expr&s, in its regular weekly re view of the cotton market, has the following : In consequence of recent heavy rains seed time is much less promising. Dampness has affected most of the new samples. Large for eign arrivals have checfted the upward tendency in prices, but holders still are disposed to make concessions. Trade, therefore, is inactive. At Paris prices are rather lower, while in the provinces of France wheat is steady and somewhat dearer. Belgium is un changed, while Holland is firmer and Germany steady and inactive. Vienna also it inactive, but Odessa is firm. Tiie averages are one shilling two pence higiier, in consequence of the late advance, the bulk of that sold being fully three shillings inferior in price to the previous crop. The Emperor of Germany in Italy, Milan, 'October 18.—Emperor Wil liam, accompanied by Field Marshal Count Von Moltke, Secretary of State Von Bulovv and other dignitaries, ar rived here this afternoon. King Victor Emanuel, the Crown Prince and Prin cess, and Prince Amadeus, accompa nied by the President of Council, Sig nor Minghetti and the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Signor Viseonti-Ve nosta received the Emperor and his suite at the railway station, where the members of the royal household and representatives from the two Chambers were in waiting. The Minister of War, Signor Ricotti, aud the Minister of the Interior, Signor Cantelii, were also present. Multitudes of people assem bled at tho railway station and lined the gaily decorated streets through which the distinguished party passed. There was great enthusiasm. Accord ing to the present arrangement it is ex pected the Emperor will remain here three or four days. Tlie War in Turkey Ragusa, October 18. —The Turks have crossed Austrian lines and men ace the village of Erzeg. Troops have been sent thither. “This Completes the Impoverishment of the Polish NoTbility.” Berlin, October 18. —Russia has commanded Polish proprietors of sev eral provinces to sell their farms to Russian tenants at prices fixed by the Governmeut. This completes the im poverishment of the Polish nobility. OHIO ELECTION. Hamilton County Official—The Vote of Perrysburg Thrown Out. Cincinnati, October 18.—Hamilton county official majorities : Hayes, Gov ernor t 1,295 ; Young, Lieutenant-Gov ernor, 3,251 ; other State officers about the same as Hayes. Toledo, October 18.—The Commercial has information that the Wood county canvassing board decided on Saturday to throw out Perrysburg’s vote, in which case Brawn and Swan (Republi can) would bo elected Senators, and Hayes’ majority in the county be 723 in stead of 469. Cincinnati, October 18.—The official returns of Hamilton county give the Republicaus all four State Senators and all ten representatives. A Pittsburg Failure. Pittsburg, October 18. — The firm of Rogers & Burchfield, prominent iron manufacturers, of this city, have sus pended. They have been operating two mills—one at Leechbury, and the other at Appalo, Penn. Their assets and liabilities are not known. Heavy Snow Storms North—A Fall of Five Inches. Sdsquehanna, Penn., October 18.— Five inches of snow. Port Jervis, N. Y., October 18.—Show and severe gale in this section. ‘ AUGUSTA, GA., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1875. MONEY-WORSHIP. THE MONEY KINGS OF NEW YORK;.; Their Fortunes and Misfortunes — Vanderbilt and the Skeleton in His Closet—The Valuable Lessons Taught by Failure. [Special correspondence; of the Cincinnati Gazette } New York, October 13. After a review of odff large estates it is evident that no one is growing rich as rapidly as the Commodore. It is a strange spectacle to sen the old railway autocrat iu his office dictating policy to distant corporations, and bringing them under tribute. The office referred to is a plain edifice, formerly a second-rate dwelling-house, whos t parlors (with folding doors) are now jin the Commo dore’s service. The front room con tains his private secretary, while the rear is occupied by tpe master. The walls are covered wifli railway maps and the table is spread with appropri ate documents. Here, from 10 to 2, a tall and bright-eyed ojd man of four score sits in solitary [calculation, and occasionally issues orders to his clerk, who attends to their execution. At this table he has done business for a quar ter of a century, and here he has made forty millions at least,! He was but a beginner in railroads When he moved hither, having then solid out his ships and devoted himself to, land transpor tation. Orders from. this office have recently displaced the, Pullman palace cars from the Michigan Central road, giving the preference * ) Wagner’s cars, in which the Commodffre is a leading owner. This shows that the Michigan Central is the latest acquisition to the grand estate, and perhaps the next thing will be the election of the Com modore as President. The Commodore would be happy were there not a “skeleton in the closet’; in the person of that son who bears his:own name. Cor nelius has resisted all■ attempts made for his refomation an<| remains a per manent sorrow to his father. None of our capitalists can conceal the skeleton in the closet which becomes more ap parent as they attract she public eye. Notes on Money; Worship. The worship of wealth has been one of the striking features of our race throughout all ages, and it never was more apparent than at preseet. The names of our capitalists are in such frequent parlance as to show how they are canonized as the true saints in the calendar. There is St. Cornelius and St. Alexander, and the family of the Astors. I have sometimes thought that it would be well if the inside life of all these imaginary celestials could be portrayed. We should then see a picture of social ulcer such as would make one shudder, fft would be well for our clergy to handle this theme in a bold and transparent manner. Let them show the truth of the poet’s words: * ■ “Man’s rich but little, were his judgment true, Nature is frugal and her: wonts are few.” Misfortunes of our lticb Men. During this half-insane idolatry of wealth, it is well to' refer, however, briefly to the real condition, as the poet says : “ Can wealtli give liappmoss? Look around and see What gay distress, what splendid misery!” I have lived long enough in this city to be able to recall instances in which money proved a terrible curse. I can remember old John Jacob Astor in his latter years suffering intensely from the fear of poverty. ; The care of his immense estate, and the danger of ap proaching want, wrought a frame of mind which was distress akin to mad ness. All his conversation was about his investments and the expenses of living, which were of a threatening na ture, and grew worse, until the scene was closed by deaths. Another case was that of old Natbimiel Prime, foun der of the house of Prime, Ward & Cos. He retired to a country seat, in pos session of much envied wealth, but be came so intensely rmiserable that he i finished by cutting hss throat. Another capitalist hanged hicjself because of a loss of §SOO. He h|id sold a house, which the purchaser! resold at a profit of tiie above-mentioned amount, aud the consequent vexejion drove him to suicide. Charles M. Leup, once one of the leading leather dealers of the city, finished his career in thej same manner. Ho had spout many years iu the accumulation of great wealth, and when his desires had been gratified, it brought such wretchedness that sui cide appeared the boat mode of relief. Van Auken, the buttffr merchant, after making a half million, cut his throat in a Fifth avenue palaffe. In fact, there have been more suicides in Fifth ave nue relative to its? population, than among the population of our tenement houses. f Wealtli and ; ; Insanity. It is melancholy? to observe how closely insanity tracks our successful business men. Mad Jess, Indeed, is tho great avenger of those laws of health which is broken by pearly all who seek wealth. I have noticed a long list of painful illustrations*,! this truth. One of the most striking was that of the late Thomas Andrews. He was well known as one of the most brilliant busi ness men of his dqy, and the house which he founded is!still in successful operation. I knew Jim when he start ed trade without a P illar. His energy and skill made up fur lack of capital, and the result was that before he was forty, he was estimated at a half mil lion. This grand success was only ac complished by intense application to business, and his mind sank under the tremendous effort. He died iu Bloom iugdale Lunatic Asylum, aged forty five. I can add to tljis a large number of similar cases of Standing character which show at how ijreat expense some men make money. Fortunes Changing. Another very striking feature in our commercial gran decs is the failure of their ambition in palace-building. The old saying “that fools build houses and wise men live in tiff in” is continually verified in the history of our parvenu gentry. Almost alf. the villas on the banks of the Hudtffm are now for sale at a vast sacrifice, .;ud many sales have been effected at a?:; immense loss, re minding us of Popeffi lines— “ What brought Sir ff’isto’s ill-got wealth to waste? Some demon whispn*ed, Visto, have a Heaven visits with a taste the wealthy fool. Who needs no rod bur Ripley and a rule.” Among the noticeable illustrations of this truth was tffe Townsend man sion, corner of ffifth avenue and Thirty-third street Townsend built what was meant to ne the finest house in this city. It surpassed everything in the line of dcffiestic architecture, and was indeed scffattractive as to be exhibited at twencMve Qents admit tance, the proceeds being devoted to a charity. Townsend enjoyed the glory of this palace but a short time. He failed and was sold out. A. T. Stewart bought the grand house, pulled it down, and erected his exquisite and unequalled mansion in its place. Town send subsequently died poor. The ri valry displayed in building at great cost is often carried to a ridiculous ex treme. For instance, here was Edwin Bartlett, a rich merchant, with no fam ily but a wife. He determined to ex cel all suburban residences, and 'ex pended §90,000 in a villa at Irvington. In a short time subsequently he failed, and the grand establishment went, at low rate, into’other hands. Such a pic ture the poet thus affords: “In cost and grandeur Chandos he’ll outdo, And, Burlington thy taste is not so true. The pile is finished, every toil is past, And full perfection is arrived at last. When lo! my lord to some small corner runs, And grandeur leaves to strangers and to duns.” Another instance is found in Le Grand Lockwood’s palace at Norwalk, which cost a quarter million, and can now be bought of its creditors for one third its cost. Whitlock’s Folly. One of the most brilliant and sub stantial of architectural schemes was found in the ambition of the late B. M. Whitlock. He was an extensive dealer in wines, cigars, and similar goods, which paid large profits, and his trade made him rapidly rich. He was lavish in his method of advertising, and one way of drumming trade was to send a basket of champagne to any one whom he desired to influence. When a coun try merchant on returning to his hotel found a dozen of Veuve Cliquot in his room with Whitlock’s compliments it had a powerful effect to bring him to the store. Whitlock became very rich, and then determined to build the grand est house iu Westchester county. He purchased a park of 300 acres aud erected a palace. At oue time he gave a banquet and sent the guests home iu his own carriages to the number of nearly fifty. Such an expense soon brought down the spendthrift’s wealth, and the first ensuing pressure placed him among the bankrupts. He after ward became a real estate agent, and his misfortunes were accompanied by a religious iufluence. He became a leader in meetings, and was, until his death, a much more useful man than during his years of splendor. How often such examples remind us that “l’hc man who builds, and wants where with t) pay, Provides a home from which to run away.” A Glance at Old Times. The old-fashioued merchants of this city, up to forty years ago, were wont to live over their stores, paying, in most instances, not more than §BOO for the whole building. Many Wall street cashiers also lived over the bank. In those days clerks -boarded with their employers, merchants lived plainly, their wives and daughters dressed iu an economical manner, and a §SO shawl was a matter of surprise. Business was done safely, and money was made in a sure manner. If a man had §20,- 000 he was rich, and to retire on a for tune of §50,000 was a great success. Many of our veteran merchants, such as Peter Cooper, William E. Dodge and Sam S3hiffelin, can remember this primitive condition, aud they no doubt regret the change. The success of these men rose from their education in economy. Modern Style. At present the merchant, if a resident of this city, lives from two to four miles from the store, but iu many in stances he is an out-of-town man. If he is an out-of-town man, he pays §2,500 house rent and has twice that sum invested in furniture. This is a lotv mark, for when Howes & Macy failed, their furniture was rated at §45,000. If economical, a modern merchant can live on §7,000 a year. He pays from §6,000 to §15,000 store rent, even at present reduced rates. The clerk, instead of being under his em ployer’s guardian eye, lives at a board ing-house, and becomes a fashionable young man, who attends the theatre and indulges iu other dissipation. If his salary is not sufficient to meet his expenses, he will steal. To meet this demand the merchant defends himself by a system of “check-,” ijnd hires a deteciive to watch his clerks. In al most every establishment iu this city, where theft or defalcation is possible, it is practiced. New York clerks are among the best patrons of gaming es tablishments, and other places equally as bad, where pleasure is offered at cheap rates. Clerk’s Wages. There are now 50,000 clerks in this city, one-tenth of whom are out of em ployment. Those who are so fortunate as to retain their situations are work ing at reduced rates. The largest em ployer is Stewart, whose pay-roll, in both stores, contains nearly 1,000 names, and requires §12,000 per week. Claflin is next in importance, and his pay roll is equal to §6,000 per week. Entry clerks receive §600; salesmen, §BOO to §1,200. Some of these, who sell on commission, make from §2,000 to §3,0)0, the commission being one per cent Book-keepers receive from §BOO to §1,200. In every large concern there is tbe head book-keeper, who is in the confidence of the firm, and uraws a large salary, generally §2,500. Stewart has 150 men who use the pen, and this department occupies a space in the wholesale house twice the size of his first retail store. A half-dozen men are employed to answer letters. Four men fill up bank checks and attend to finances. About thirty are at the books, steadily posting and drawing off ac counts, and all these are under the mastery of a chief accountant, whose salary is said to be §4,000. Avery large part of the wholesale domestic trade is done in the basement, which is very unwholesome, and yet about sixty men are here most of the time. A clerk is at best a floating character. They shift from one place to another, anil gener ally get broken down early in life. It is a mystery what becomes of that crowd of youth which every season flocks to the metropolis in pursit of wealth, but it may be said that few ever reach suc cess, and a very large proportion go to ruin. A Curious Fact. ® The greatest merchant in the world bears oue exceptional mark of peculiar character. I will explain by saying that A. T. Stewart never was a clerk. He was, in fact, not bred to any busi ness, but came to America an educated young man, whose expectations were to beeome a teacher. He found em ployment in this business until he was instinetively led to the dry goods trade, which he has pursued to his present greatcess. Claflin was a clerk near Worcester, and subsequently became a dry goods retailer in that thriving town, whence he came to this city as a partner in the firm of Bulkley & Cla ttin. as Stewart never ha 4 any busi- ness education to prepare him for a mer cantile career, we see more vividly the power of his genius iu creating a vast business, and ordaining a system of government such as the world has never seen equalled. It is, perhaps, because Stewart has never been a clerk that iie has so little sympathy with this unfortunate class. He has tiie rep utation of being a very hard taskmas ter, and I have beeu told that one of his rules is to never give employment to any one who had ever left his ser vice, either voluntary or by discharge. How Great Fortunes were Made. If there be anything in example, then we are brought by this question to see the power of little thinge. Here is the pedagogue Stewart transformed into the merchant prince by the very same rule which made the once poor boy Stephen Whitney the possessor of ten millions. The Goelets, the Lenoxes, the Vanderbilts, tho Shorelanders, aud the Rosevelts all commenced small. The principle on which they begun was one that insured success. Jay Gould, the present magnate of Wall street, was once au obscure leather dealer. It is an astonishing fact that no great estates have been made in this city since the extraordinary prevalence of fashion. Permanent success is im possible when the great object is show rather than substance. Knickerbocker. - —■ ii A SHREWD SAUSAGE DEALER. How to Make an Enormous Profit on Bolognas. [From tho Pittsburgh Ledger.] The other day, about noon, a young man left in charge of one of the law offices on Grand street thought he would go down Diamond alley and in vest one of his hard-earned five-cent pieces iu a free luucli. He had just got his hat on his head aud his foot on the threshold of tiie office door, when an individual with a basket on his arm en tered the sanctum of law. “Do you want any sausage to-day?” he asked of the law student, taking the lid off his basket, and displaying about a dozeu large bologna sausages. “I dunno,” said the clerk, in a hesi tating manner; “how much?” “Only ten cents apiece, an’ cheap at that,” said the sausage vender, taking one out. The clerk thought this would save him a trip down town, so he decided to purchase. Accordingly he took one of the largest sausages in the basket and handed the man the required sum—lo cents—and was about to cut iu two, when the peddler asked : “You haven’t seen any mad-dogs this season, have you, mister?” There was something so evidently suggestive in this that the young man laid down the untasted bologna. “No, I haven’t why?” “Well, I just thought as how this was dog days, you might have seen one shot. If so, I would like to hold au inquest on the corpus. But as you ain’t seen any, it’s all right;” aud he started for the door. But as the clerk again picked up the sausage, he ven tured: “Them there sausages are all fresh,” he said, “jist made this morning.” (The clerk took a bite.) “There was a cat-fight on our roof last night, an’ the way them critters howled was a ca'ution. But I ups and gets my old shot-gun, and blast me if I didn’t kill thirteen of them.” (The clerk put down his bologna.) “And what did you do with their bodies?” he asked, a sickly smile steal ing over his pallid features. “Now, see here, mister, when I tell you a story, you shouldn't ask any questions. But them there cats ain’t on our roof now, you bet.” A thought seemed to strike the clerk. “You killed thirteen cats last night, you say?” he asked. “Yes, mister, that’s just what I said, and just what I did.” “And these sausages were made th is morning ?” A horrid smile spread over tho sau sage man’s face. “Again your humble servant says yes,” he answered. “One more question,” continued the young man. “Are the sausages made out of cats ?” “That’s a leading question, mister, which this court won’t answer. But if you feel like chawing up a few rats be fore you get the bologna down, it ain’t my fault,” and he started to go. “Here, my man,” said the horrified clerk, “I guess I don’t wont any sausa ges to-day. Never mind the money. Begone !” Tbe bologna man went out of tho door, saying to himself: “That’s the fourth time I’ve sold that bologna to day, which makes forty cents clear. If I keep on in this way I’ll get rich. Good day, mister. I’ll call to-morrow,” and the inkstand just missed his head as he closed the door. minor Telegrams. Boston, October 18. —A movement is afloat by a Methodist minister for Presidential pardon of tho Jefferson Borden mutineers, under sentence of death. A meeting of the creditors of Lee & Shepard agreed to take twenty cents on the dollar on three and twenty-four months time. Raleigh, October 18. —Captain A. B. Andrews, who has been for eight years superintendent of the R. & G. & R. & A. A. L. R. R., has resigned that posi tion and accepted the superintendency of the N. C. &N. W. N. C. Roads, with headquarters in Raleigh. Baltimore, October 18.—Tho credi tors of the Calvert Sugar Refiniug Cos. held an adjourned meeting to-day. The Trustees made a report showing the results of their operations since the re finery came into their hands, and de claring a dividend of 20 per cent, on their total indebtedness. THE TURF. Jerome Park, October 18. — Handicap for all ages, one mile, five furlongs: Galway first, Carver second, Sbylock third —time, 3:04. Second race, three quarters of a mile dash, for two year olds : Mardean’s Tigress first, Ambush second —time, Third race, one aud three quarters of a mile : Josie B. first, Seiaps second, Donny Brook third —time, 3:20. Fourth race, two and a half mile dash : Nettie Norton first. Maid second—time, 4:49. Fifth Race—Steeple chase, two and a half miles; Trouble first. Coronet second, Busy Bee third. Busy Bee fell, throwing his rider, Diabola bolted at the start, losing all chance of winning. Time, 4;36)£. —— —I • irnm Columbia Union-Herald: In Sumter county, the referees appointed by the court) to ascertain what was due to the county by the late County Treasurer, Mr. W. H. Gardner, have reported the amount to be §5,70,0 aud interest, for which amount the county has ample security. New Series—Vol. 28, No. 63, SUPERIOR COURT. Opening of tlie October Term. The regular October term of the Su perior Court, Judge Wm. Gibson pre siding, commenced yesterday morning at 10 o’clock. There was a full attend ance of the bar, jurors, etc., and but little delay was experienced in opening court. THE GRAND JURY was sworn in, the following being the names of the jurors, after which they •retired for organization : John C. Wilkenson, J. P. Weathersby, John Y. Keener, Whitfield Thomas, E. W. Hack, Albert Hatch, W. A. Ramsey, E. D. Wiugard, McKinne Law, Daniel T. Wolfe, S. C. Reed, C. V. Walker, Geo. E. Goodrich, J. M. DeCottes, Louis A. Gardelle, Thomas T. Turner, Henry Myers, R. N. Hotchkiss. Upon their return McKiune Law, Esq., having been chosen foreman, Judge Gibson delivered to them tiie following charge in relation to their duties as grand jurors: CHARGE OF JUDGE GIBSON. M'\ Foreman and Gentlemen of the Grand Jury: The oaths each of you have taken ex plain i'uliy the manner in which you will discharge the duties now assumed by you. You shall present no one from any hatred nor malice, nor will you leave any one un presented from feu - , favor, affection, re wards or the hope thereof. You have fur ther sworn that you will diligently inquire and true presentments make of all things given you in charge touching your present service. Gaming, Lotteries and Weapons. I now call your attention specially to all the sections of the Code against gaming and keeping gaming houses or rooms where gaming is permitted or allowed. Next to gaming is the selling of lottery tickets or gift enterprise tickets of any kind whatever. All this species of traffic is expressly forbidden, and can be p unshed if not prevented, if you as grand jurors will diligently inquire for the violators of those jaws, i have so frequently charged the grand juries upon the subject of carry ing concealed deadly weapons that nothing but a sense of duty could induce me to re peat it, having almost despaired of awake ning a public sentiment to prevent this cruel, dangerous and dastardly habit. I call your special attention to the frequent violations of the laws preventing the sale of spirituous liquors to minors and persons when intoxicated or under its influence. Many good men seriously question the utility of manufa turing or selling spirit-' uous liquors, and but few of its best friends can point out its beneficial effects to the citizen or society. Let those who deal in it be held to a strict observance of the laws, uud many of its evils may be pre vented. Board of Pliyiseians. The Legislature, in order to protect the health and lives of the citizens against quacks and the sale of poisonous drugs, have provided a Board of Physicians for the State, to license those who are qualified to practice medicines or sell drugs, and no person can prescribe for the cure of dis eases or sell drugs without obtaining a license from this Board therefor under heavy penalties -from a line of a hundred to five thousand dollars. I call your es pecial attention to sections 1402, 1407 and 1408 of the new Code, and trust you will see to it that all unauthorized persons, whether permanently located amongst us, or trav eling doctors or peddlers of drugs, shall be brought to justice. I also call your atten tion to 1416 of said code, in relation to un authorized practicing of dentistry. The laws of our btato should be enforced or re pealed. AH Justices and Notaries who are ‘ X offi.ro .Justices are required by soction 4',05 of the Code to keep dockets of ail cases, civil and criminal, disposed of by them, with! itemized bills of costs and charges, and to submit them for inspection to your body on the first day of each term of the Superior Courts. Lottery Tickets. Section 4548 of your Code reads thus: “Any person or persons who shall sell or offer for s;,le in this State (and, I take it, Augusta is in this State,) any lottery ticket or tickets for any lottery to be drawn in this State or elsewhere, shall be subject to indictment,” &c.; and 4549 reads thus: “It shall not be lawful for any person in this State by himself or agent to sell or disposo of any lottery ticket, or any certificate or ticket in any gift enterprise &c. If the spirit of speculation, gaming and gambling has so possessed our juries as to cause them to disregard their oaths, some other mode must be provided for the enforce ment of public laws. Sections 4589 and 4590, as to selling by false weights, measures and under assize cannot be too rigidly en forced. The offenses of forestalling, re grating and engrossing belong peculiarly to the class of games and gambling for futures jandlto purchasers on secret tele grams m advance of regular dispatches, Ac., are considered, when successful, so g- nteel that its punishment must bo de ferred to that tribunal where gold and sil ver may not corrupt. Interfering with Religious Worship. I am required to give you in special charge sections 4574, 75 and 76, which pun ish all interferances witli religious wor ship, the use of vulgar, obscene or profane language; also the vending or selling of spirituous iiquors or other things at or near camp grounds, or places of worship. The person who would violate either of these sections of the Code should bo pun ished severely. A Christian people aro re quired by the laws of both God and man to observe the Sabbath. All stores and shops aro required to be closed on that day; nor are railroad trains exempt from this re quirement, to observe and keep the Sab bath day, if not holy, at least to abstain from ail secular avocations and uses. Vagrants and Vagrancy. The strict, rigid and universal enforce ment of the 4560 section of the Code against vagrants and vagrancy is now an absolute necessity. All must eat, all must be clad and housed. The most important inquiry here arises: Who must feed, clothe and house, and how much of this can a people do? If labor produces all wealth, is it not important that every able bodied person should contribute his portion? The field laborer produces the grain and meat to feed the people; the mechanic and skilled laborer improves all machinery and means for the use of the people: the merchant transports from one section to the other all needed and useful articles; the doctor relieves our sufferings; the lawyer lives by the frauds, defaults and misfortunes of his fellows, and thus all may be omployed.— And yet how many among us are unem ployed? Could not more than ten times the population be fed, clothed and cared for if some man had power to compel the idle and profligate vagrants to work ? I trust, gentlemeD, that you will do all you can to com pel all our vagrant population to go to work, and that more efficient means may -bo provided to effect so desir able an end. Taxes, Records and Convicts, The tax digest you are required at this term to fully examine, and I trust, gentle men, you will 00-operate with our able and efficient Tax Receiver in compelling every man to bear his due proportion of the burthens of taxation. The roads, records of the county and public offices should re ceive your careful attention. Whilst I re gret that any interference was made in the manner of keepiug your county convicts, and adhor cruelty of every kind, I do feol that no greater necessity has ever existed in any country, and trust that soon a house of correction may be established for all juvenile offenders found running at large and not properly cared for. The industri ous and honest will work; the lazy and in dolent must be made to work. Every roan who reeognizes fully his man hood, upon entering society voluntarily assumes all the duties imposed by the laws of his State and society; hence it is as im portant to abstain from doing things pro* hibited as it is to do those commanded and required. The good and virtuqua citizen will observe the laws. Cqurts, of which you compose a constituent portion, are organized tft compel the vicious and bad. In qqr vcqeut developments and peculiar re lations arising therefrom many defects may arise; yet with a prevailing sense of pub lic and individual responsibility and an earnest desire to dft right,’ trusting to the guidance of an Aliwise Creator, we may and og,n succeed. The spirit of freedom Which pervades so largely must bo vequir-. ed to regard the individual rights of others and the laws of God and society, iSeif-oon ceit, personal whims, partisan and relig ious prejudices ugd nuiuiosiUea may da- To Advertisers and Subscribers. ° and after this date (April 21. 1875,) all editions of the Constitutionalist will be sent free of postage. Advertisements must be paid for when han ded in, unless otherwise stipulated. Announcino or suggesting Candidates for office, 20 cents per line each insertion. Monet may be remitted at our risk by Express or Postal Order. Correspondence invited from all sources, and valuable special news paid for if used. Rejected Communications will not be re turned, and no notice taken of anonymous letters, or articles written on both sides. velop a spirit of licentiousness in men of small catbre, calculated to destroy all charity and every principle that purifies the life of man. Yet, let us not despair, for such people have always existed. The Government and the Governed. I have never admitted the right and power of any government to do more than protect the citizens in the enjovment of every permitted right and privilege of his person and property; to assume to di.tate a religion or education, however good and plausible maybe the purposes, is a usurpa tion which, if submitted to, is but the be ginning of the end of American freedom Southern valor and honor since the days of Washington, the father of his country, down to the immortal Lee, has been untar nished by deeds of cowardice or cruelty; Southern statesmanship, from the days of Jefferson, the author of our Declaration of Independence, to the days of that great commoner and statesman, A. H. Stephens, has been unrivalled; Southern oratory’, from the days of Patrick Henry and (fl ay to the great Lamar has been unequalled; Southern Christianity, as illustrated by Asbury, Elliott, Andrews and Campbell has never been excelled in Christian purity or religious zeal; in what then may we nos compare with the habitable globe? With this proud re ord in the past may we not by imitating the virtues of our proud an cestry, hopefully anticipate yet a bright and glorious future? The Two Races. In that prosperity and culture oan we not hope to improve, cultivate and elevate our colored population ? Carpet-bag poli ticians, bankers and preachers may have beguiled them in the past, vet their treach ery and robberies were short-lived, and will soon end if wis 1 >m, moderation and justice can but prevail. Mr. Stephens, the true friend of the colored man, and of the oppressed and weak everywhere, could not, in a voting population of 2,000 or more, ob tain a corporal’s guard of their votes. Mr. Hickman, Gov. Jenkins, and Alfred Baker, solid and substantial bankers, seeking their deposits aud paying interest, could not ob tain a tithe of their earnings for deposit, whilse Ritter, witli his local board (very few of whom lost one dollar) could get his thousands. Every drayman, every cook, every butler and house servant, man or maid, is fed, employed and o othed by the whites and their children educated. Many mechanics and porters in stores areem ployed at good wages, to tne exclusion of honest and worthy whites, and yet arro gant, lazy, idle, ignorant and worthless pretenders can go out and denounoe the whites and try to get up insurrections, emigration and fabulous outrage stories for partisan and poiitioal purposes. Were it not that our sister State, ever since the war, had given up their lands and paid vol untarily millions to the colored race to re main with them, and vote for carpet-bag gers and thieves to rule, rob and control things for them, I would not, perhaps, be amazed at our liberality. Such devotion to a race fully satisfies me that whilst local disturbances may be engendered, and oc casionally blood shed, yet no serious and extensive rupture need be apprenonded by our people. The Currency Question. Some of us are alarmed and frightened about dishonest and rag money, as it is now called by the very men that made ft. Some are failing for the want of it; values are shrinking from its contraction, and business and trade of every kind curtailing. I have never seen or heard of such super human efforts being used to obtain rags by all classes. The gold bonds of the State are sold for it; Georgia and Central Rail road stock at 70 cents in the dollar is sold for it; canal and factory stocks, bonds and cotton are sold for it; houses, brick, mar ble and brown stone; merchandise and all securities of every kind; men will lie, cheat and steal for it. It will pay every man’s indebtedness, I care not how much in volved he may be and yet it is rags.— When will humbuggery oease? or are wo preparing the golden links with which to enslave the poor, helpless and de pendent laboring men ? The Philistines once tried the experiment of binding, and every effort to make slaves of a free peo ple I trust will be equally as futile. This perhaps may be a digression, and some may say it is partisan; yet, when the two great leaders of tho Democracy in the North and West stand divided—one for tho people and the other for Shylocks and usurers—l trust I will bo pardoned in at least advertising everything >ro have for sale on liberal terms for cash in greenbacks, otherwise called rags or dishonest money. Ido not know but some sales could be effected on time for a portion at leost, and in this same so-called rag money. Let us, gentlemen, do our whole duty; enforce strictly every law for public secur ity and protection to person and property, deserving success and prosperity at least; abiding patiently, but not with stoic indif ference, whatever fate may befall us. AT THE CONCLUSION of the charge Judge Gibson said he hoped that the grand jury would so arrange that they couid adjourn this evening or to-morrow until Monday. There were some matters he under stood could not be attended to this week; hence they would have to be put off. THE SPECIAL JURORS for the first week of the term were then sworn in, as follows: Wm. Heckle, Wm. S. Skinner, E. W. Brown, J. F. Thompson, ? Owen O’Donohue, S. J. Cary, A. W. Ivey, Jtft. L. Fleming, J. F. Armstrong, C. E, Dodd. Geo. Maul, R. H. Sykes, John McKenzie, E. R: Cunningham, Alex. McAttish, M. M. Benjamin, P. S. Jacobs, R. E. Baskerville, R. C. Easterling, Jackson F. Turpin, E. Cary, A. B. Crump, E. P. Stansell, # W. T. Lamar. CIVIL DOCKET. The Court proceeded to the consider ation of civil cases. Only one case was disposed of—that of Hiram Milligan vs. The Meohanics Bank of Augusta— claim. The main point in this case was as to whether the bank building and lot on Broad street, purchased from the assignee of the Bank, Judge William T. Gould, in December, 1869, by Dr. H. H. Steiner, was subject to the claim of the creditors of the institution, who had obtained judgment. Counsel for both side3 consented to take a verdict in accordance with the opinion of the Court, after hearing ar gument. The case was briefly but ably argued on both sides, A. T. Akerman for the plaintiff, F. H. Miller and W. Hope Hull for the claimant. At the conclusion the Court decided the title of the claimant, Dr. Steiner, to the pro perty good and sufficient, and a verdict to that effect was rendered. RETURNS OF THE GRAND JURY. The Grand Jury made the following returns: The State vs. Richard Green alias Richard Williams, simple larceny— horse stealing. True bill. The State vs. Robert Walker, burglary in the night. True bill. The State vs. Benj. W. Hext, cheat and swindler. True bill. The State vs. Mary Jane Jacobs, assault with intent to murder. True bill. The State vs. James Kelly, assault with intent to murder. True bill. Judge Gibson announced thaA the criminal docket would be taken, up on the first Monday in November, next Monday week. ADMITTED Jo THF BAR. Upon the explication of Mr. 0. Henry 'Cohen tor admission to the bar, the court appointed the following commit tee of examination: Judge J. S. Hook, Maj. J. B. Cumming, J. C. C. Black, Esq., and Solioitor General Davenport Jackson. Mr. Cohen passed a most creditable examination, showing he had made the best use of his oppor tunities and talents, and at its conclu sion, was highly complimented, espe cially by Judge Hook. - ADJOURNED. ’ The juries were discharged until 9 o’clock this morning, and court then adjourned to the same hour, when th^ civil docket will be resumed*