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FRANCIS COGIN, Proprietors
GEO. T. JACKSON J
Address all Letters to
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The Sunday Constitutionalist.
We will to-morrow, (Sunday,) issue an ex
traordinary edition of the Constitution
alist. Four columns will be added to its
regular size, and nearly twice the number
of copies run off from the press. The Sun
day Consti iutionalist is read by every
body in Augusta and vicinity, and it pre
sents a line opportunity for advertisers to
make known the goods they have for sale,
their wants, their business, and indeed any
and everything they may wish to commu
nicate to the public. Aside from the tele
graphic dispatches from all portious of
the world, the local and commercial news,
it will contain a special assortment of mis
cellaneous articlei. In order to properly
set up and el ssify advertisements, we hope
our friends will send in their favors at as
early an hour to-day as possible.
The elections in South and Central
America are always lively reading. The
dispatches from there this morning are in
teresting in that they say the troops were
ordered to quietly t look on whilst voters
killed no one but themselves.
Yesterday morning, East Tennessee was
shaken by an earthquake, somewhat simi
lar to the one we had in Georgia a few
days ago. These disturbances of the earth
are not at all reassuring, yet we do not at
all share in the alarm of a great many peo
ple who are ready at every quiver to jump
to the conclusion that the whole surface is
about to be changed.
Immigration was much larger after 1870
than before. The net immigration into
the United states for the ten years ending
-June 30th, 1875, was 3,378.657, and for the
live fiscal years, 1861 to 1865 inclusive, only
709,458, or less than half the rate for the
last ten years; and for the ten yearsend
ing with 1860 the arrivals were 2,568,214.
The present population of the country is
estimated at over 45,000,000, with 54,000,000
in 1880.
We see that Augusta is beginning to
have her eyes opened. A drummer from
that city occasionally puts in an appear
ance now, and, we are glad to see, is being
patronized. So long as she quietly sits
down and depends ou her former com
mercial importance to bring her trade, so
long will Atlanta continue to wrest from
her her legitimate territory. Let the mer
chants of that gallant old city awake from
their lethargy and strive to regain their
lost ground.— [( glelhorpe Echo.
Tnn details from the late disasters on the
oeeau arc simply appalling. It would seem
that there is a period of each year which
inevitably demands a certain number of
victims from men who “go down to the sea
in ships.” This year, the number appears
unusually great. The great Waco disaster
is attributed to the vessel being loaded with
petroleum oil. So far as now known the
other disasters are attributable to chapter
of accidents, which no one can foretell, but
which Plimsolls proposed legislation may
be both sure and very pertiuent.
FROM WASHINGTON
Capital Notes.
Washington, November 12. —The com
mission of Horace Welch, Postmaster
of Marshal], Texas, has been signed.
Several Treasury officials are sum
moned to St. Louis to testify in the
whiskey frauds trial.
Vice President Wilson continues to
improve.
Loans and discounts of the National
banks, ou the Ist of October, amounted
to over 8980,000,000. They held 88,000,-
000 in specie, and 876,500,000 in legal
tenders. Among the liabilities are 8604,-
500,000 to depositors; unpaid dividends,
84.000,000; other undivided profits,
853,000,000; capital stock paid in, 8504,-
875,000.
Hiram Leffingwell has been appoint
ed Mrshal of the Eastern District of
Missouri, which includes St. Louis.
Ct. Wiley Wells, United States Dist
rict Attorney for Northern Mississppi is
here to make his report and resign.
Two agents sent to Mississippi by
the Department of Justice, are prepar
ing reports.
The change of United States Marshal
for Missouri in the present stage of
the whiskey prosecutions excites sur
prise.
Melviu D. Peck has been appointed
Chief Clerk of the Patent Office.
The Commissioner of the Land Of
fice will recommend that all timbered
lauds belonging to the Government be
appraised and put on the market at ap
praised value.
Washington, November 12. —The
President received Baron Blanc, the
new Italian Minister. Usual speeches.
Small-Pox in New York,
New York, November 12.—Small-pox
prevails to an alarming extent in the
Sixteenth Ward of Brooklyn, and vac
cination is in active progress, though
much opposition thereto is manifested
by the inhabitants of the infected sec
tion, who are mostly Germans. The
sanitary police arrested a German lager
beer seller yesterday for secreting throe
persons sick with small-pox in a room
adjoining his shop, which was kept
open and beer served to customers by
his barkeeper, who alternated his busi
ness of waiting on customers with that
of nurse. The sanitary police, in their
rounds, found most of the population
engaged in manufacturing clothiDg,
and were working on garments while
some of the family lay sick jvith small
pox, sometimes in the same apartment.
AN EARTHQUAKE AT KNOX
VILLE.
Brownlow all Right.
Knoxville, November 12.—There was
a distinct shock of an earthquake at 2
o’clock this morning, causing buildings
to sway. There was a rumbling, like
an explosion, coming from the west and
rolling gradually east. The shock was
the heaviest ever felt here, lasting ten
seconds.
Board of Missions.
New Yoke, November 12.— The
Board of Missions made the following
appropriations: Texas Conference,
$5,500; Western Texas, $6,000; Vir
ginia, $7,500; Washington, $3,500;
Western Virginia, $4,500; Wilmiugtou,
$3,000. A resolution was adopted re
commending the removal of the seat
of the General Conference from St.
Louis to Baltimore.
Baltimore Health Association.
Baltimore, November 12.—The Health
Association of the Executive Commit
tee have been instructed to urge legis
lation for the proper co-operation of
general and State government for reg
istration of births, deahts and marri
ages. A resolution was passed author
izing the President to appoint two mem
bers who, with the Secretary, shall con
stitute a committee to examine papers
with a view of publication. Adjourned
sine die.
iije SLujnstn €ootittttiotfet
Established 1799.
THE PERILS OF THE DEEP.
Burning of the British Bark Senator—
The Loss of the Pacific—Bodies
Found—The City of YVaco—She was
Destroyed by Petroleum—Mutiny ou
Board Ship—Murder of Captain aud
Mate—Dreadful Tale of Suffering at
Sea.
New York, November 12.—Details of
the burniug of the British bark Sena
tor, with coal, from Philadelphia for
Panama, show that 19 people including
the Captain’s wife an i two daughters,
got into two boats. The wife died from
the combined effects of hunger and cold.
The others were saved.
A Spanish negro was picked up from
the bark Toronto of Glasgow. The
negro can give no details, but it seems
all abandoned the ship with him, and
all w r ere lost. He was insensible when
picked up.
New York, November 12.—The nar
rative of the man picked up from the
Toronto says she was at Navssa tak
ing guano in September. The Captain
put to sea, and in consequence of a
terrific gale the vessel became unmau
agable. The crew, fourteen, abandoned
her in the long boat. The boat dashed
against she vessel, drowning seven.
He gives a confused account about the
remainder. The Mate said good-bye,
and jumped into the sea. After ten
days he had no provisions or water,
but it rained every day, and they drank
from the bottom of the boat. They
caught a few fish aud a great many sea
birds. Then, from the confused ac
count, the man evidently became tem
porarily insane. He had been twenty
one days at sea in an open boat when
found.
London, November 12. —A special dis
patch to the Times, from Paris, con
tains the following : “ The British
ship Lennie, Capt. Hatfield, left Ant
werp on the 23d of October, for New
York. On the 31st, when off the Island
of Oleron, on the coast of France, a
part of the crew mutinied and murder
ed the Captain, mate and boatswain.
Bottles containing papers begging for
succor, were thrown overboard by a
portion of tho crew which did not par
ticipate in the atrocity, and these were
picked up ou the French coast. A ves
sel was accordingly sent out, which
overtook the Lennie. Five men aud a
boy were on board, the latter four of
whom are suspected of complicity in
the crime. Six Greek sailors escaped
in a small boat. The Lennie will prob
ably be taken into St. Nazaire, and the
accused sailors delivered up to the
British Government.
San Francisco, November 12.—The
Gussie Telfair has returned from the
scene of the loss of the Pacific. She
found several bodies.
New York, November 12.—T0-day’s
Times says the steamship City of Waco
had on board 300 cases of petroleum in
defiance of law. It says its reporter
yesterday saw at the Custom House
the manifest of the City of Waco, from
which it appears that three hundred
cases of petroleum were shipped on
her from “C. H. M. & Cos.” (C. 11. Mal
lory & Cos.) to P. & P. Gas Light Com
pany of Galveston. The remainder of
the cargo consisted of dry goods, hats,
groceries, provisions, notions, hard
ware, bricks, iron castings, tin-ware,
glass, and other general merchandise.
Galveston, November 12.—Captain
Sawyer, of the Mallory Line, has re
turned. He sailed four miles. He
found a dingy boat belonging to a coast
vessel, bottom up, and a set of steps.
Large quantities of freight from the
Waco’s upper deck was found floating,
among which were cases of astrol oil.
No due to any person was found.
Sawyer has started again.
Galveston, November 12.—The State
of Texas, which has been out to-day
searching, brings no news. It seems
that there is little hope now of finding
any of the passengers or crew of the
Waco.
The Wrecked Pacific—lnteresting
Statement of a Sailor—Terrible Loss
of Life.
San Francisco, November 12.—A
dispatch from Neah Bay, Washington
Territory, dated yesterday, gives the
statement of Neal O’Haley, quarter
master of the Pacific, who was rescued
by the Revenue cutter Oliver Wolcott,
on the morning of 7th inst., to the fol
lowing effect: About two hundred and
fifty people were on board; I went be
low at 8 p. m.; everything was all
right; all lights were in place; when
the shock occurred, I ran on
deck, and everything was in con
fusion; passengers crowding on the
hurricane deck; the ship fell off into
the trough of the sea; I saw a large
vessel under sail which they said
struck the steamer; saw her green
light distinctly; the passengers crowded
into the boats against the orders
of the officers; with the chief en
gineer I got the port boat forward into
the water; fifteen women aud six men
got into her, but she capsized by the
rolling of the ship; I saw none of
them afterwards; I supported my
self by floating on a skylight about
fifteen minutes, then I got on
a portion of the hurricane deck
with eight others; on looking for
the steamer, I found she had disap
peared, leaving a iloatiug mass of hu
man beings; the screams for help were
fearful, but they soon ceased, and we
were alone on the raft; there were the
captain, second mate, second cook and
four passengers, including a youug lady;
at 1 o’clock the next morning, the sth,
it blew a gale from the southeast, the
sea making a clear breach over the raft;
we lasheji ourselves to the raft; about
4 a. m. the sea washed overboard the
captain, second mate, the lady and an
other passenger; it cleared up about 4
p. m., and I saw land about fifteen
miles distant, and a piece of the wreck
with two or more on it; about sp. m.,
another died ; on the morning or the
6th, another died, leaving me alone ;
about 4 p. m. t a large empty
box floated near me; I got
it on the raft for shelter and
slept sound that night several hours;
on the morning of the 7th saw
land on both sides, it continued calm
all day and night, and at 3a. m. I was
rescued by the cutter.
Later —A report from Noah, credits
O’Healy with a statement that the
second mate told him while on the raft
that the chief mate with eight of the
crew in a boat got clear of the
ship. The Wolcott lias gone
cruising along the coast of Vancouver’s
Island. The Gussie Telfair went south.
The Wolcott took Indians aud canoes
to search the shore for any that may
have landed, as the current has been
strong from the westward, carrying
the bodies recovered far up the straits.
It is believed that the two saved
are all that will be found alive,
except those in the boat with the
male, in case they made the shore.
Notning has yet been seen of the ship
which struck the Pacific. Several ves
sels from the outside have beeu spoken,
none of whom had seen her. O’Healey
says the Captain was the last man to
leave the ship.
FOREIGN DISPATCHES.
FRANCE.
Exciting Debate in the Assembly—
A Close Shave for the Government
Party—The Government Sustained.
Paris, November 12.—The lobbies,
floor and galleries of the Assembly
were crowded. Great excitement was
manifested over the debate on the Elec
toral bill.
M. Richard, a moderate Republican,
opened the discussion. He stigmatized
voting by arr&ndtiftsement as an attack
on universal suffrage. He declared that
M. Buffett, having endeavored to re
tain the prefects of the Empire, now,
because he repudiates the majority
which voted for the Constitution of
February 25th, wishes to re-establish
the electoral system of the Empire. We
demand, continued the Deputy, the
Scrutin de Liste, which will preserve
alliance formed on the 25th of Febru
ary. M. Dufaure, the Minister of Jus
tice, replied, saying the Government
will not accept at the next elections all
who voted for the Constitution. The
Government will say to them : “Thank
you, for voting the Constitution,” but
we require more. Your Republic is
not ours ; you will not have our confi
dence or our vote. This declaration
caused an uproar of denunciation and
dissent ou the left of the Chamber.
M. Gambetta said scrutin de liste is
the only method of uniting the ener
gies of all. We must no longer pro
claim our disunion to Europe. The
Ministry opposes the scrutin de liste,
because it is afraid of universal suf
frage by the arrondissement system.
Men like Thiers and Dufaure will be
defeated if they are against the Gov
ernment. Local officials will be able
to warp the suffrage.
A vote was then taken by means of
a secret ballot, and resulted in favor of
the Government; standing 357 ayes to
326 nays. The Government did not
make the matter a Cabinet question.
Paris, November 12.—1n consequence
of its triumph in the Assembly yester
day, the Conservative party intends to
take a lead in the movement in favor
of dissolution. It is generally believed
the Assembly will dissolve in Decem
ber and elections for Senators be held
in Jauunry and for Representatives in
February. President MacMahon thank
ed Minister Dufaure for his speech of
yesterday, aud congratulated him on
its success. In the Assembly to-day,
M. Dufaure introduced a press bill.
By its provisions a state siege will t®
raised except in Algiers and depart
ments of the Seine, Rhone, Bouches,
Du Rhone and Seine, et Oise. The
bill also provides that numerous press
offences, such as insults to au
thorities, false intelligence and the
instigation to crime shall be tried
by the correctional tribunals instead of
by jury. The consideration of the
Electoral bill was resumed, and an
amendment was adopted providing that
Algeria shall have three representa
atives instead of six, in the now Cham
ber of Deputies.
Turkey.
London, November 12. —The Porte
has ordered the districts of Trebique,
Biletz and Piva to be detached from
Herzegovinia and organized as a sepa
rate department, which will be placed
under an Armenian Greek Governor.
IRELAND.
Cardinal McCloskey Addresses the
Citizens of Dublin.
Dublin, November 12. —Cardinal Mc-
Closkey assisted at tho commencement
of the Catholic University to-day. He
was presented with an address, to
which he replied that the, establish
ment of a Catholic University was an
example for America and all other
countries to follow.
From France.
Paris, November 12. —The La Bejjub
lique Francaise, M. Gambetta’s organ,
characterizes the vote of yesterday in
the Assembly as reactionary. It says :
“We are beaten, but not despairing.
It is not enough to triumph in the As
sembly. The country is still to be won.
What has happened should stimulate
our zeal if we can enlighten the coun
try. Universal suffrage will be able to
take care of itself.” The vote alluded
to was taken by secret ballot and re
sulted in favor of the Government, 357
yeas to 326 nays.
Foreign Miscellaneous mspatclies.
Havrw? November 12.—The weather
has moderated. The Ville de Paris is
docked.
Madrid, November 12.—An extraor
dinary Cabinet Council discussed the
answer to the American note relative
to the execution of tho treaty of 1795.
New York, November 12.—Dr. Thos.
W. Evans, a well known American den
tist in Paris, sends the following cable
dispatch to the Associated Press :
“ Feeling that the coming Centennial
anniversary would be a befitting time
to open subscriptions for Americans to
erect in Paris a monument to French
men who assisted us to gain bur na
tional independence, I offer a subscrip
tion of ten thousand dollars to com
mence the subscription.
[Signed] Thos. W. Evans, M. D.”
Spanish Troops for Cuba.
Cadiz, November 12.—Eight hundrod
soldiers sailed for Cuba yesterday.
Five thousand are preparing to follow.
KENTUCKY.
A United States Judge Waving the
Bloody Shirt —His Vivid Imagination
Conjures Up an Army of Ku Klux —
Outrages, Conspiracies, Etc., Etc.
Louisville, November 12.—Hon. H.
11. Emmons, the Circuit Jndgo of the
United States Court, to-day delivered
a charge to the jury in the cases of the
Government against Bill Smoot, Geo.
Meffert, Geo. Hall aud John Onan, in re
sisting the process in the hands of Act
ing Sheriff Willis Russell, of Owen coun
ty. The charge is long and embraces
a review of all the outrages committed
iu Owen connty, in the last several
years, by the Ku-klux. Judge Emmons
severely criticises and condemns the
doings of desperadoes, and seems to
leave no avenue through which a ver
dict other than “guilty” cau be ren
dered. He refers, in severe terms, to
the lawlessness that formerly existed in
some sections, criticising the conduct of
the Couuty Attorneys and Magistrates,
and recommending that measures be
taken and always ready to suppress
lawlessness and conspiracy, which he
considers the most disgraceful of all
crimes against the Government. In
conclusion, he charges that if the jury
shall find Smoot, Onan, Hall and Mef
fert had a common purpose in their
acts, th.-v were guilty of conspiracy
and should bo found guilty.” The trial
has been in progress over three years.
Suspensions of New York Houses.
New York, November 12. —Sylvester
M. Beard & Cos., dealers in tea, coffee
and spices, have suspended.
AUGUSTA. GA.. SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 13, 1875.
LETTER FROM ATHENS.
Advantages of Athens-- How the Air-
Line Railway Robs a Town of Coun
try Produce—YYhy Students Cannot
Get Cheap Board A New Bull
Against the Comet —Ex-Gov. Brown
vs. the Landladies—Some Peppery
Talk for the University Trustrees.
(Correspondence of the Constitutionalist.)
Athens, November 11, 1875.
The town of Athens, situated as it
is, in a very lich section of our Stat",
seems to enjoy peculiar advantages for
health and cheap living. The country
around and about constitutes a fine
grain portion of our Stato and ours has
ever been considered an excellent pro
duce market, and iudeh-1 such it has
ever been until now. The Air-Line
Railroad, however, which runs through
the heart of this rich section whence
our supplies have ever come, has
robbed Athens of her country pro
duce to a large extent. Chickens,
which formally fluttered in upon us so
plentifully, as to constitute our city
tke “ Mother Carey ” of Georgia, are
now very scarce, and eggs, which once
paved our streets and macadamized
our epicurian thoroughfares, are about
as high as elsewhere. Then, Mr. Edi
tor, you can understand why a student
caa’t get board as cheap as formerly,
and why even tho much talked of
twenty pieces of silver will not pur
chase his pro rata of hash or keep him
supplied with fat lightwood. But, in
the face of all this, a few of the wise
men of the Board of Trustees of the
University, headed by the great Pha
roah of Georgia, have seen it proper to
regulate this little item of bourd, and,
accordingly, the decree hits gone forth
that any student paying over 820 per
mouth for board, fuel aod lodging will
bo expelled from the aforesaid Univer
sity, and as no guardiai] angel lias yet
changed the spirit of the?ir dreams, this
nonsensical usurpation Stands to-day
as a conspicuous article upou the by
laws of absurdity.
It is no wonder they., Mr. Editor,
that this law created such a sensation
among all sensible people aud elicited
derision from every one.
Indeed, it was reported, for pallia
tion of the act, we suppose, that near
tho close of one of tho trustee meet
ings, some gentleman, whose watchful
ness of the finances of the student was
only equalled by his ; ignorance of
“sumptuce," brought ujr>, under the
head of miscellaneous ’ousiness (very
miscellaneous), this twenty dollar reso
lution; and every one be'-ng in a hurry
to adjourn, the motiori was carried
without deliberate consideration or dis
cussion, certainly without “due caution
and circumspection.” Aud thus was
stereotyped upou the sumptuary deca
logue anew dictum, w hieh, ranking
with the “res judicata ” of this honora
ble body, remains like tho stones of
Gilgal, “even unto this day.”
This law, however, has never been
rigidly enforced; but *ast week the
bills of his two sons, something ovT
twenty dollars apiece, were forwarded
to Atlanta to i his great Pharaoh 2d,
whose title, strange to relate, being
Joseph, his many colored garb has, con
trary to the laws of the;spectrum and
to the character of his'biblical name
sake, cast quite a brown f tint over his
name and thrown an equally sombre
shade over his character. But this
good man, for once in Ms life, allowed
personal considerations to triumph
over his generous soul, and immedi
ately returned to the faculty an instru
ment demanding, iu t:?e name of the
trustees, “ quorum magna pars fait,”
that the law be enforced to the letter,
and bearing upon its margin the irre
sistible hand and seal of Joseph E.
Brown. Ah !
“He spoke; and awful bent his sable
brows,
Shook his ambrosial curls, and gave the
awful nod,
The stamp of fate and sanction of a God.”
And thus, Mr. Editor, we see that it
is this “good Mr. Brown ” who dictates
to the citizens of Athens what they
must ask for board. Put would it not
be better for him fir. 4, to lower the
price of provisions arfiong the mer
chants?
Perchance, however,!he may argue
that board can be obtained for less than
twenty dollars in Athens, which, in
truth, is a fact. In the college dormi
tories, and iu one or two boarding
houses, where some twenty, thirty or
fifty students “ bunk,” the proprietor
may charge them, say only fifteen dol
lars. But did not “ gopd Mr. Brown ”
know this? Why, thqu, did he not
send Ills sons to those public boarding
houses ? Why did lioMn the face of
all this send them to L private family
if their price, 822 or 8-25, was too ex
orbitant for kirn? Tbit’s the point,
Mr. Editor. Those who are willing
to board in regular -college dormi
tories may get “ up ” for
815, but those i;ho do not
wish to go there, but'! prefer to shay
with some private famipv, where, may
be, they cau procure mere comfortable
apartments and better board, which a
great many do prefer, are told that
unless their landlady can come down
in her prices, which, in most cases, is
impossible, they must move to quar
ters which neither they nor their
parents would wish them to occupy.
And, Mr. Editor, to ted these ladies,
many of whom are absolutely depend
ent upon boarders for a support, aud
whose habitation will not. permit them
to take fifteen or twenty students, so
as to make them pay expenses; to tell
these, we repeat, that they must
come down to this sacrifice, is simply
usurpation in tho highest degree.
Thus, Mr. Editor, you 1 correspondent
has endeavored to prove the ab
surdity, not t® Baiy injustice of
this late action of the Trustees. We
have tried to shew you that
board, except at the college dormito
ries and a few regular hoarding houses,
cannot be obtained at twenty dollars
per month. At these places tolerably
good accommodations can be procured.
Those who wish to avail themselves of
them can do so, but as many prefer
better locations among private families
•and superior accommodations, we con
tend that Joseph E. Brown and the
trustees have no more eight to enforce
these families to lower their board than
the directors of a railway have to
equalize the fare of a Pullman Sleeping
Car with that of a regular passenger
coach. Let it be understood, therefore,
that “Good Mr. B.” is not on the side of
the poor people; for there are ample
facilities here for tho: h whose means
will not enable them to pay twenty dol
lars, and nobody was Outraged as the
matter before stood. Ho one forces a
passenger to enter a sleeping car—he
may do so or not, as h<; chooses; but if
he does he expects to* pay something
extra, and any coercion in behalf of
railway officials to equalize rates will
enforce a withdrawal of the sleeping
cars. Here, indeed, *he comparison
coincides exactly; fop these private
houses will have to o discontinued,
which will be equally outrageous to the
student and the landladies themselves.
Now, Mr. Editor, your correspondent
has made these remarks simply to
show the status of the case. It is not
our intention to interfere with the
University and faculty, for up to the
time that this law was ordered en
forced everything was working smooth
ly and harmoniously, and we are confi
dent that Chancellor Tucker would
have carried things through all right
had the right honorable gentleman
from Fulton and his satellites not in
terfered. Macaulay once said that the
academy of painting, which also re
solved itself into a bank, would gener
ally exhibit miserable pictures and
shave very bad notes. So we think,
Mr. Editor, that the Board of Trus
tees, which in addition to establishing
collegiate standards, shall also deter
mine the place of board and fix the
price thereof, will, in most cases, pre
scribe very poor diet and turn out in
ferior students. What say the people
of Georgia ? Picciola.
Watchman, YVliat of the Night ?
Mr. Editor : In our financial affairs
we may well enquire; “What of the
night?” Tho present is pregnant with
disquietude and apprehension. Every
tniug seems dark in the business out
look. especially so in our State, for in
Dr. Janes’ report for October there are
only nine counties in the State up to
the average iu ootton, and but thirty
four up to three-fourths of an average
crop, aud all t he rest about one-half of
an average. Then the price is some
three cents below the price of last
year, with the price of all supplies In
the way of food as high or higher than
last year. Creditors are pressing their
claims to payment with relentless
puergy and the debtor class instinctive
ly ask what am Itodo ? Shall I strip
myself of every means of support for
my wife and children and throw them
upon a heartless world without a penny?
Do the laws of God and man require
bills ? Ido not think so.
If the present state of things had
been brought about by imprudence,
laziness or extravagance of the people
there would be uo pity for them, but
such is not the case.
It can be easily demonstrated, so far
at least, as the planting community
aro concerned, that these sins
do not he at their doors. Nor
has the failure to raise a sufficiency
of corn been the main cause of the
present deplorable state of affairs,
though that has helped to bring it
about, nor is it the cry of specie re
sumption, nor tho homestead law, as a
gentleman said in a public speech a few
days ago, but it is simply the labour of
the country, and the manner of tho
non utilizing the same that is at the
foundation of all the woes of the plant
ing community, the planter affecting
the merchant, and the merchants the
banks and money lenders.
The banks pow want their money due
from tho merchant, the merchant aud
factor call upon the planter and the
planter has not the money nor can he
raise it even if his lands and all perish
ables were to be sold, for there is not
nroney to buy and those who have it do
not wish to invest in that kind of pro
perty. What are the people to do I
again ask ? I may answer this query
in another article.
I will say, however, a harsh course
on the part of the creditor class, be
ginning with tho banks, will entail a
distress ou the country that'will lead
to a general bankruptcy and ruin—no
question about that.
Permit me to say that your editorial
of tho 7th, upon “ the business out
look ” of Augusta, is well calculated to
do good, and is also applicable to our
people generally ; and I will add, that
mutual forbearance, just a little of it,
and some little encouragement from
cue to another, helps very much. And
cease this everlasting croaking and
tale-bearing as to the failure, or expect
ed failure, of this and that house.
Some men live by the troubles of
others—they are never so happy as
when they hear of failures and the mis
eries of others. Stop this—it is wrong,
it is mean.
Let the people go forward, live econ
omically, penuriously if it may be, pay
as far as you can, make corn, wheat,
oats, peas—everytliiug at home—draw
ou your operations, don’t be led astray
by some mad men near you, keep up
good spirits, aud all will come right
again soon.
“The darkest hour is Just before day.”
I will give you an anecdote that I
reail some lime ago:
A gentleman (a minister of the Gos
pel) visited a frieud some few miles
Tom a railroad station. On the tnorn
:ug of his departure, iu order to meet
die train, he had to leave his friend’s
house a little before day. A trusty old
servant was sent as an escort. It was
very dark. The gentleman stumbled,
and complained of the darkness; but
Uncle Roger (tho servant) encouraged
lim by saying: “Never mind, Mars
William; day will break birne by” (by
and by); and on they trudged, and
ever and anon Uncle Roger would en
courage Mars William that day will
break “bime by.” So let me say to my
fellow-citizens: Do your duty aud trust
iu God, aud day will break by and by.
Uncle Roger.
SOUTH* AM ERICA.
How they Hold Popular Elections In
that Country.
New York, November 12.—Advices
from Panama to the Ist say all was
quiet on the Isthmus. Dr. Para had
the votes of five States and was con
sidered elected President of Colombia.
The election iu Peru was bloody. Sol
diers aud police were ordered not to
interfere as long as the electors only
killed each other.
THE NORTHERN M. E. CHURCH.
Appropriations of Money for the
Year.
New York, November 12. —Tho Board
of Missions of the M. E. Church con
tinued its session, Bishop Simpson pre
siding. Among the appropriations
made were Erie 81,000, Florida 83,800,
Georgia 87,500, Louisiana 88,000, Mis
sissippi 87,000, North Carolina 87,000,
Philadelphia 84,000, Pittsburg 81,200,
South Carolina 87,500.
FAILURES.
Boston, November 12.—The Commer
cial Bulletin gives a list of the failures
and suspensions for the week. It gives
nineteen for Boston and New England.
The liabilities of Tower & Qo., Bos
ton, stationers, are 8180,0000; nominal
assets, 8138,000.
The New England Carpet Company
and Gustavus Abbott & Cos., carpet
dealers, have failed for 8100,000 each-
There’s one pleasant thing about
house-cleaning. A man can straddle
himself out in the parlor for a day or
two, and spit on the floor without
spoiling a Brussels carpet.
PORT ROYAL.
Its Growing Importance—Vessels in
the Harbor—lncrease of Business-
New Buildings—The Hotel—r Theh e
Port Royal Railroad, Etc., Etc.
lFrom our Travelling Correspondent.)
Port Royal, S. C„ Nov. 10, 1875.
A recent visit to Port Royal con
vinces the writer that it is bound to
become, iu the near future, a port of
considerable importance as an outlet
for the products of the great West,
and also as a port through which
freight for tho interior may pass, as it
possesses, in an eminent degree, natu
ral advantages probably unsurpassed
by any other harbor on the South At
lantic coast for the speedy and con
venient transmission of goods inward
and outward. The wharves are large
and conveniently arranged, the tracks
of the Port Royal Railroad being laid
almost directly to the water’s edge, by
which means freights are transferred
to and from vessels, which come di
rectly up and moor at their wharves.
A communication in your paper, yes
terday, gave an item which it would
be well for the mercantile community
to consider. Bonded goods, as the law
now stands, must be shipped through
Savanuah, as the writer states, at a
cost of five to eight cents per hundred
pounds more than would attach to tho
same shipments via Port Royal.
Port Royal seems to be slowly, but
surely, increasing in population, and,
during the past year, a number of new
buildings have been erected. There is
an excellent hotel here, tho Mansion
House, kept by Dr. C. E. Warren, who,
by the way, is as clever a gentleman as
one needs meet. He sets a fine table,
has polite and attentive sorvants, and
does everything that is conducive to
the comfort of his guests.
One of the new institutions of Port
Royal is the Port Royal Lime Compa
ny, which is engaged iu the manufac
ture of a fertilizer from oyster shells,
which is at the same time low-priced
and efficacious as a renovator of old
soils. They also have a compound for
preventing rot in grapes.
Robbins, Boddington & Cos., of Liv -
erpool, are erecting a sa v mill that
will cost between 875,000 and 8100,000,
and preparing to do a very heavy bus
iness. This enterprise of our English
cousins across the water will give em
ployment to a large number of persons,
and every one wishes them success.
At this time the place presents a very
lively appearance, as there are now in
port some eight or nine vessels re
ceiving and discharging their cargoes.
A considerable amount of freight is
consigned to leading merchants of Au
gusta, two of the above vessels being
consigned to Messrs. Blair, Smith &
Cos. This serves to increase, in a mark
ed degree, the business of the Port
Royal Railroad, which, under Its pres
ent management, is becoming a most
Important line to the sea. Mr. R. G.
Fleming, the efficient Superintendent,
has lately had built at Yemassee
statiou—the junction of this road with
the Charleston and Savannah Road
—a comfortable reception room, well
fitted up, for ladies, and also another
one of the same character at Beaufort
statiou. The road is now in flue
runniug order and trains make good
time. We were glad to find courteous
aud attentive gentlemen as conduc
tors, among whom we were greatly
pleased to meet an old army comrade,
William Bryson, Esq., of Augusta. Mr.
B. obtains high encomiums from al!
with whom he comes in contact, and
the same, we are sure, can be truly
said of others occupying similar posi
tions on this road.
The country along the line of the
road presents a much more lively ap
pearance than It did before the road
was projected and built, and several
small towns are springing up between
Augusta and Port Royal. In conse
quence, there is an increasing local
travel and traffic. Your correspond
ent met in Port Royal several
former citizens of Augusta, who have
lately engaged iu business here—
Messrs. Peck, Torrent, W. H. Scott, J
W. Clapp and others.
The United States fleet, comprising a
part of the South Atlantic squadron, is
still anchored off this harbor, Port Royal
having been made a naval station some
time since. Wo did not have an oppor
tunity of paying a visit to the fleet, a
pleasure which would have been highly
appreciated. B.
Minor Telegrams.
Philadelphia, November 12.—A
house fell, killing three children play
ing around it.
St. Louis, November 12.—A motion
was made to bring John A. Joyce from
Jefferson City to St. Louis. It is sup
posed Joyce is wanted as a witness iD
the whiskey cases.
Cincinnati, November 12.—R. E.
Springer offers an additional 820,000
toward the erection of a mhsic hall
provided the 840,000 still lacking to
complete the necessary amount is sub
scribed within thirty days. This makes *
8145,000.
New York, November 12.—A fire In
the Union Club House originated iu the
kitchen. Loss, 825,000. The frescoos
iu the billiard roomare ruined.
Someone hundred ministers of the
different denominations held an hour’s
prayer in the Lay College adjoining
Brooklyn Tabernacle for God’s blessing
and aid in revival.
Armstrong & Morrison, and T. S. Do
remus & Cos., manufacturers of butter
and cheese, failed.
New York, November 12.—1n the
United States District Court to-day the
trustees in the bankruptcy of Henry
Clews & Cos., filed a bill in equity
askiug that his rights as trustee be
protected against Mr. Loomis member
of the firm of Frederick Butterfield &
Cos. Clews & Cos., have a large claim
against Buttefleld & Cos., aud Mr.
Loomis Is sueing the latter party for
almost their entire assets, lienee Mr.
Tappan asks that his claim may be pro
tected.
Portland, Me., November 12.—A
freight and passenger train collided on
the Grand Trunk Railroad near Len
nox ville. It is rumored that M. W.
Conley, Master Mechanic of the road,
was killed. Both engines were smashed
and several cars broken.
Norfolk, November 12.—Major Geo.
W. Grice, President of the Raleigh and
Gaston Railroad, died suddenly this
morning at his residence in Ports
mouth of appoplexy.
Providence, R. 1., November 12. —A
locomotive on the Stoningtou Railroad
exploded her boiler near the depot.
Another locomotive, lying near, was
badly damaged. It is believed no per
son is fatally injured. Wm. Fisk and
Henry Lewis, engineers, were badly in
jured ; James Thomas, John Knowles
and Arthur Johnson less seriously.
The tracks were torn up and obstruct
ed. Anew track will be ready by mid
night.
New Series —Vol. 28, No. 85.
CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES.
[By Ezra W. Hunt, M. D.]
Iu the construction of the modern
dwelling house, taste and convenience,
however important, should be subsi
diary to sanitary consideration. The
true function of a dwelling is to assist
rather than to supersede nature, aud
where it is made, as it too often is, to
exclude air, sunlight, and a certain de
gree of moisture, it attempts too much.
The right philosophy is to dwell within
it, as we do within our garments, and
thereby seek to regulate temperature
and to protect from extreme exposure.
The popular idea upon the subject is
quite different. Circulation, temperature
and the laws of insensible moisture are
habitually hampered to such a degree
that alternate dryness and dampness
are too often the only atmospherical
condition oi the interior. Bad as is the
tenement house of our overcrowded
cities, there are faults in the build
ing of our brown stone fronts that are
equally as erroneous, if not full as hurt
ful. The romantic old farm houses of
the country, with their wide fireplaces
and other adjuncts, are also lacking in
sanitary excellences. The first princi
ple to be observed in the work of con
struction was that all special arrange
ments for heating or ventilation are
merely accessory to the one prominent,
idea of making the house itself the best
possible apparatus for health. Con
struction, locality, soil aud material
must ail be decided upon iu turn, be
fore the interior arrangements, upon
which so much stress is usually laid,
come to be considered. The first, point
to be considered was the foundation.
In digging a cellar or forming a base
ment, care should be taken that the
ground iu the vicinity should be well
drained. A disregard of this important
essential, leads as was shown by the
sanitary statistics of New York and
other great cities, to the most fatal re
sults. Drains should be arranged under
the building, outside, aud around
the walls, iu sufficient number and
calibre and fall to dry soil unnaturally
shaded, as to counteract the ad
ditional moisture which occu
pancy entails upon it. As air, in
the ground, as well as out of it, is the
medium of evaporation or the chief
regulator of heat and moisture, a series
of air tubes or pneumatic pipes, aud so
elevated and protected iu their outer
openings as to admit nothing but air,
have been found to be powerful ad
juncts in securing greater circulation
and dryness. The walls of a sub-cellar
or basement should theoretically be
porous throughout, but as this presup
poses a degree of exterior drainage,
which is too often wanting, the plan
commonly adopted is to build the base
ment wall as solid and impervious as
possible, in order to keep back the flow
of water from the outside. Masonry
to answer this requisite must be of
thickness in proportion to outside oak
age, and be concreted and ground with
the most impenetrable of cement.
Limestone, a double wall, is made with
a space between, connected with the
outer air. This arrangement will an
swer if the outside of the outer wall is
so impervious as to exclude water. An
other plan was to fill thee pace with
vitrified thin brick, the porosity of the
latter affording space for air while an
extra septum was formed by the glazed
surface. The surface of the basement
should bo concreted in the same
manner and for the same purpose.
Our chief dependence for dryness
and ventilation is to have the floor
raised from the concrete bottom so as
to allow air circulation from the out
side by air-boxes or tubes beneath and
wainscotting or furred off walls on the
sides, giving space for such extra in
troduction of air or sunlight from the
top or lid of the box as will compensate
for its exclusion at the sides. Care is
also taken that at the adjacent parts
where these apertures occur no sur
plus water falls from roof or outside,
and that surface wet be cariied off by
Hanging and grading inclining from the
house. As by the laws of absorption
and capillary attration the moisture in
the ground wall will rise above the
ground level, the same kind of wall is
usually carried to the height of the
basement. Basement windows should
be capacious and reach near to the
ceiling, and be capable of being either
raised or lowered. There should sel
dom be less than eight feet iu the clear
between the floor and ceiling of the
basement, and at least half of this
space 3hould be above the ground lev
el. Dried kiln and close joined
wood is the best material for the
floor of this portion of the house.
Especial care should be taken that
the inside walls should be so con
structed as to compensate for the
imperviable outside wall by aiding
in securing evaporation and dryness.
In a sanitary point of view the chief
requisite for these walls is non-absol
vence of moisture and sufficient
smoothness to avoid catching and fas
tening dust or light floating materiai.
The usual lime and hair mortar, with
lime and sand partly covering a stucco
wall, is probably the best for Inner
walls, although the hair at present
furnished is sometimes so laden with
organic matter as to call for the adop
tion of some new substitute for this
purpose. When medical records show
that hospital walls have furnished over
forty per cent, of organic matter, it is
well to be careful upon this point. If
we depend upon hard walls, they should
either be painted or so smooth as to
admit of washing. In this way thoy
are less apt to retain floating particles,
and are more easily cleansed by dry or
moist rubbing. Investigation shows
that the kalsommed wall, while tem
porarily of a somewhat cleansing or
disinfecting nature, is not so cleanly as
it has been reputed to be. The
cases in the New York aud Paris
hospitals, in which improperly con
structed walls have been the
receptacles of contagion, are well
known, aud in some instances it has
been found necessary to destroy even
the whole wall because it was thus im
pregnated. Cross partitions constitute
another evil which needs rectifying. In
frequent cases these partitions are so
extended across the house aud closets,
and dark rooms so interposed as to
prevent circulation of air from front to
rear. Ventilation requires that a cer
tain steady movement of air to and fro
be kept up. It need not necessarily
move fast. Experiments show that it
has to reach a maximum of between
nineteen and twenty inches per second
before becoming apparant to our sen*
sea. Between this and stagnation there
are many gradations. Mere diffusion
in close apartments is but an inter*
mingling of foul gases, unless there Is
additional activity of motion. A stir
about of impure air does not of itself
give purity. It must be still further
displaced and diluted by draughts, or
by Insensible circulation. Many a
house, by reason of its construction
has its spots of stagnant air, or, as
they have been called, “dead ends,” of
foul air. The present plan, whioh
To Advertisers and Subscribers.
On AND UTTER this date (April 21. 1375.) all
editions of the Constitutionalist will be sent
free of postage.
Advertisements must be paid for when han
ded in, unless otherwise stipulated.
Announcing or suggesting Candidates fot
office, 20 cents per line eaoli insertion.
Money may be remitted at our risk by Express
or Postal Order.
Correspondence invited from all sources,
and valuable special news paid for if used.
Rejected Communications will not be re
turned, and no notice taken of anonymous
letters, or articles written on both sides.
intercepts the passage of air from
outside to outside by two impervious
walls, and then interposes double walls
with closets between, is wholly objec
tionable. In each middle wall there
should be trausom windows opposite
each other or over the doors, with pul
ly and cord inside to secure thsir
opening. Iu too many houses the
basement hall, which should be one of
the best and most thoroughly ventil
ated in the building, is the darkest,
closest and dampest in the whole
house. Few householders appreciate
how much of their supply of air comes
up from the basement, by the hall,
dumb-waiters, and the ceiling. It is
for this reason that the greatest pains
in construction should be taken here.
The front and rear doors should al
ways be provided with transom win
dows above, and part of the door itself
should bo constructed of glass, pro
tected by iron bars. Similar modifica
tions are necessary In the structure of
the outside steps and back portico.
Another essential requisite is an open
fireplace in each large room of
the basement, an arrangement by
which additional ventilation is afford
ed. In general, we claim for base
ments what Woodward claims for hos
pitals, “No ward should be without an
opeu grate, no matter what other inode
of heating is adopted.” All these pre
cautions are necessary iu the construc
tion of the basement, because it is so
much more than is commonly realized
the distributing reservoir to the rest of
the building.
In the composition of tho outside
walls, the great desideratum is to se
cure building material that air may
freely permeate, aud thus keep the in
mates drier aud warmer, and yet not
so porous as to allow perceptible outer
currents of air to flow through it,.—
Builders as a rule aim to make air
tight houses, but usually and fortu
nately for the public fail iu doing so.
When, by the use of the densest granite
and the closely-fitting iron slag, they
succeed in accomplishing their object,,
no amount of inside shafts or heaters
or window ventilation can make the
structure fit to live in. The various
substances in common use for building
purposes are valuable just as they con
tain sufficient compactness and firm
ness, and at the same time admit of a
sufficient admission of atomized air
circulation, without unduly absorbing
moisture. The densest granites and
marbles will contain about a pint of wa
ter In each cubic yard, and when so dry,
admit a similar proportion of air.
Ordinary sandstone will hold one gal
lon to the cubic foot, and so on.
In building, something depends on
exposure, on size of blocks, as modify
ing the amount of mortar or cement
used, and upon thickness or clearness
of walls. Where walls are exposed to
beating rains, a smooth or glazed sur- ■
face does better than a rough one. Tho
great value of our sharp saud and
lime mortar and cements is in the fact
that the lime and sand form a porous
Bilieious limestone, the hydrate being
,changed Into a carbonate of lime. Thus
the mortar and the brick form a good
buildtag structure, the mortar forming
one-fifth. The lime and sand inside
wall-finish on dry ceiling lath, not less
than one-fourth of an inch apart helps
the progressive porosity of the struc
ture from without inward. This should
extend behind wainscot and base
boards. It is even better if the heavy
coat of plaster extends along the floor
beams, so as to make a continuous in
side wall from basement to attic.
Where wood inclosure is used, a simi
lar result is gained by the use of
sheathing, tarred paper, and overlap
ping clapboards, oiled or painted.
The probiem of correct heating is
next to be considered. There are many
solutions offered but none of them
seem to dispose of all tho difficulties to
be encountered.
The old-fashioned fire-place or glowing
grate has been steadily growing in
favor of late, and has evidently a des
tiny to fulfill. One thing, however,
should be remembered, and that is not
to allow a multiplicity of heatiDg ap
pliances to do away with the healthy
exercise of the heat-giving properties
of the human system. People in good
health in a lightly-constructed and
ventilated dwelling have no need for
the excess of caloric which dwellers in
damp, air-tight and unhealthy struc
tures demand. Tho inside finishing of
the house demands careful attention.
The ceilings should be sufficiently
high, and the windows made to lower
and raise. The latter point is
impoi tant from the fact that ventilation
is much better promoted by a
slight by opening above and below
than a single aperture. Re
cesses for sliding doors, the joints
of inside blinds, and other places cf de
posit for dust, should be kept free and
clean from all extraneous matter. Iu
the papering of walls it must bo borne
im mind that much of the material used
for this purpose is capable, under cer
tain circumstances, of emitting poison
ous effects. Papers which are var
nished and admit of washing are less
objectionable. Wall-papering on new,
well-dried walls is not to be uniformly
cocdemed, but It is well to beariu mind
these limitations. In the building of
attics and roofs care should be takeu
to avoid as much as possible the ten
dency to overheating in Summer and
excess of cold in Winter, as well as to
secure the required amount of ventila
tion. A material inside of the roof
which would correspond to woolen as a
clothing would have effect in regulat
ing the heat withiD. A lath and plaster
ceiling on the rafter beams aud per
foration from under the gutters for air
entrance orten aids much in equalizing
the temperature.
Jones county is busily engaged in fox
hunting.
It is stated that Rev. W. H. Milburn,
the blind preacher, will lecture iu Sa
vannah this winter.
A teacher in a Savannah colored
school has been arrested for cruelly
whipping a child.
Supreme Chancellor of the world, S.
S. Davis, K. of P., and Supreme Vice
Chancellor, D. B. Woodruff, have been
“ovated” at Savannah.
Messrs. T. B. Marshall & Brother
cleared the ship Southern Rights,
Capt. Woodbury, for Havre from Sa
vannah, with 3,191 bales upland cotton,
weighing 1,103,288 pounds, and valued
at $202,945.81.
The notorious negro “General” Mor
ris, who is regarded as the head and
front of the late attempts to incite
insurrection in Washington and ad
jacent counties, has since his arrest
in Atlanta, some time ago, been con
fined in the Burke county jail.
A Montreal woman is in jail for beat
ing her husband; and now that poor
man is obliged to get up before day
light. and split wood and make the
fires, and go to market, aud dress aud
spank the children, and perform other
household duties usually usurped by
the female head of the house. Hq
says a daily beating is preferable,