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TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Daily—one year $lO oo “ 81xni0nth8.'.......:;vr.'.T.."...-.... oo •• three months 2 60 Tri-Weekly—one year 6 00 " six months 2 50 Weekly—one year 2 oo •• six months l oo Single copies, 5 cts. To news dealers, ‘iA cts. Subscriptions must in all cases be paid in advance. The paper will be discontinued at the expiration ol the time paid for. JAB. G. BAILIE. ) FRANCIS COGltf, f Proprietors GEO. T. JAOKSON,; Address all Letters to the Constitu tionalist office, AUGUSTA, GA. FOREIGN DISPATCHES. French Politics —Rejection of tlie Prussian Press Laws—Don Carlos’ Harshness to Gen. Saballs-—Ami cable Relations Between the United States and Spain—Russia’s Troubles iu the East. Paris, November 23.—The Moniteur says it is thought a portion of the Senate to be chosen by the Assembly will be fixed for Monday, and the Gov ernments will propose a dissolution on December 15th. Berlin, November 23.—The Federal Council has rejected the Prussian pro posltion-for coercive press laws. New York, November 23.—The Paris Liberte, received by the last European mail, says Don Carlos, on the 22d of October/was in a house ten miles Horn Pampeluua when Saballs arrived in a carriage, accompanied by the Mayor of Biaritz, who continues to intervene in the most flagrant manner iu the af fairs of the neighboring countiy. The French functionary obtained an audi ence, when Saballs threw himself at the feet of Don Carlos to ask a secret audi ence. It lasted twenty-five minutes, when Don Carlos called the chief of his escort and demanded a squad of seven men and a sergeant. These eight men surrounded Saballs, and galloped with him to Estella, with orders to confine him iu*tho cell of the municipal prison and prevent communication with any one. Madrid, November 23.—The United States 1 ligate Congress has been or dered home. The Franklin, Alaska and Juniata are to proceed to “Lisbon. Senor Castelar has had an assurance from Minister Cushing that the peace existing between the countries will not be disturbed. Tashkena, November 23.—After Gen. Kaufman bad left Namanghau for Khojeu the Kiptsehaks rebelled and surprised the former town. They in vested the citadel and the Russian camp. The Russians resisted success fully for three days, when General Scobeleff returned "and attacked the Kiptsehaks, who tied, losing three thousand eight hundred dead on the field. Anarchy reigns throughout Khokand. London, November 23.—Private ac counts from Madrid state that the Constitutional party is divided. "Home advocate abstaining from the approach ing elections. It is also stated that a majority of the Ministry disapproved of the reply of the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Washington note, which was regarded as too moderate. It is understood that the reply, as finally delivered to Washington, was drawn up by Geu. Jovellar, President of the Council and Miuister of War. Wrecks ou the British Coast—lnsur gent Victories Reported. London, November 23.—A quantity of wrecked stuff, including a life buoy marked “Saladin,” drifted by Llanejly, off the coast of Wales. It is believed the brig Saladin, of Bull River, S. C., for Bristol, was lost with all hands. A Conservative member has been elected from Mid-Surrey. Raousa, November 23.—News comes from Slavonic sources announcing that the insurgents have captured an im portant fort, with the garrison, which commanded Zubici, and aiso occupied several strong positions in the vicinity of Piva. Proceedings of tlie French Assembly. Paris, November 23.—A1l amend ments to the Electoral bill agreed upon in the Assembly ou the Bth and 9th inst., were rejected. The Right Centre have resolved to oppose all amend ments offered by the Left and Left Centre, with a view of modifying the vote by which JScruUn (VAroniisment was adopted as a method of voting. The Press bill was discussed in com mittee, Buffet and Dufaure being piesent. FROM NEW YORK. Suit Against a Flax Spinning Compa ny—lV inners iu the Billiard Tourna ment. New York, November 23.—A suit has commenced against the New York Flax Spinning Company for SIOO,OOO for alleged undervaluations. The Dion Brothers tied and played off. Joseph won. The awards were Joseph Dion §1,500 and a table, Cyrille Dion §I,OOO. Sexton Gamier and Slos ser divide the third and fourth prizes, about §5,000. Henry Clew s’ Bankruptcy—A Default ing Cashier. New York, Novembar 3.—At a hearing of the application of Henry Clews & Cos/ for a final discharge from bankruptcy, a letter from Benj. K. Cheever was read, withdrawing his opposition. He says the assets of the concern are small, aud the success of his suit would be of lit tle avail Francis Condit, Cashier of the Eber hart Lead Pencil Cos., is a defaulter for ‘20,000. New Rule of the Produce Exchange. At a meeting of the Produce Ex change to consider the propriety of the adoption fof a rule requtring the payment to be made on transfer of i itie on a ease not otherwise stipulated for at the time or sale, the following resolution was adopted • Resolved, that the seller of property has the right to demand payment for that property on delivery of title to buyers. FROM HAN The Great Race on Thanksgiving Day—Rescue of the Survivors of a Wreck. San Francisco, November 22.—-The race will occur on Thanksgiving Day, if the weather is good and horses in condition. Wild idle has the epizootic. The steamer Mikado brings a captain, wife, two children, and six eatneu. who were picked up after being eighteen days in a boat. A long boat has been picked up con taining nineteen officers and men, belonging t to a lost ship unheard of since her abandonment near Cape Horn on August 15th. The name of the vessel is omitted. FROM LOUISVILLE. Proceedipgs of the National Grauge Louisville, Nov. 23.—1n the 'Nation al Grange a committee was appointed to arrange a special marriage ceremony for Grangers. A resolution establish ing an official organ at Louisville or elsewhere was not favored. A com mittee was appointed to memorialize Congress to scientific bureau on grasshoppers, caterpillars, &c. A resolution condemning mortgaging crops was referred. Boston, November 23.—The credi tors of Cutter, Tower & Cos. agree to fake thirty cents. Liabilities, §175,000. iQlje laps'll Constitutionalist. Established 1799. FROM WASHINGTON. Appointment—The Vice-President’s Funeral Preparations. Washington, November 23.—John L. Conley has been appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fourth Geor gia District. The funeral services of the Vice- President will be in the Senate Cham ber on Saturday, from whence the re mains will go to Philadelphia, where they will lay in state at the State House on Sunday. The weather is cold and wet. Few persons are at the Capitol. Light House News—Official Orders Coucerniug the Vice-President’s Death—A Political Fizzle. The Light House Board asked one hundred thousand dollars to continue the cham of lights ou the Florida Reefs. The Secretary of the Navy directs that the day after receiving the formal order, which will be published, flags will be placed at half-mast from sun rise to sunset; that thirteen guns be fired at sunrise and nineteen minute guns at noon, and the national salute at sunset. Officers of the Navy and Marine Corps will wear the usual badge of mourning three months. Maj. Oliver D. Greene, Assistant Ad jutant General, relieves Maj. Platt in the Department of the Gulf. An attempt to hold a meeting here to reorganize the Republican party of Virginia has beeu abandoned for the present. Programme for the Vice-President’s Funeral -A Detailed Account of the Funeral Services. Washington, November 24. —The Committee of Arrangements met at the Capitol tills evening and agreed upon the following order of procession for the funeral of Hon. Henry Wilson, Vice-President of the United States : The Committe of Arrangements, pall bearers and mourners will attend at the Vice-President’s chambers in the Capi tol on Friday, the 26th of November, at 10 a. m., at which time the remains of Hon. Henry Wilson, late Vice-Presi dent of the United States, will bo re moved from the rotunda in charge of the Committee of Arrangements,attened by the pall-bearers and mourners and Sergeaut-at-Arms of the Senate to the Senate Chamber, where, at 10:30 a. m., divine service will be performed. When these ceremonies shall have been com pleted the funeral procession, under command of Brevet Major General W. H. Emory, United States army, will move iu the following order from the Senate Chamber to the depot of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Com pany, where the remains will be placed in charge of the committee appointed by the Governor of Massachusetts to receive them: Military escort; Chaplain of the Senute and an assistant clergyman; the physician who attended deceased ; the Committee of Arrangements—Sen ator Thurman, Senator Morrill, of Ver mont, Hon. J. A. Garfield, Hon. Sam Randall, Hon. V. W. Warren, ex-Gov. Dennison, Associate Justice Clifford and Secretary Fish; the Massachusetts Committee; the pall bearers, Senators Edmunds. Sherman, Bayard and Whyte; ex-Speaker Blaine; Represent atives Mills, Wood and Kasson; the hearse; relatives of the deceased; the Sergeant-at-Ai ms of the Senate; mem bers of the Senate, preceded by the President of the Senate pro tern, and the Secretary of -the Senate; the Sergeaut-at-Arms of the House of Representatives ; members of the House of Representatives, prece ded by the Clerk of the House; the President of the United States ; heads of Departments ; Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States ; Judges of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia; Judges of the Court of Claims ; the Diplomatic Corps ; the Commissioners of the District of Columbia ; officers of the army and navy, and of the Marine Corps ; organ ized associations which may desire to attend ; citizens and strangers. The body will leave here at 1:87 p. m., and, upon its arrival in Baltimore, will have a military escort through that city, leaving there at six o’clock p. m. Rev. Dr. Sunderland, Chaplain of the Senate, will offer prayer at the funeral ceremonies on Friday a. in., and Rev. Dr. Rankin will pronounce the dis course. The body will be placed in the rotunda on Thursday a. m., where it will lie in state on the catafalque used for President Lincoln, Senator Sumner, Chief Justice Chase and Hon. T. Ste vens. Upon reaching Philadelphia ou Friday night, the body will be taken to Independence Hall, where it will lie in state till ten or eleven a. m. on Sa turday, and theu be removed to New York. It is not the intention of the committee to stop in the latter city. They expect to leave there for Boston on the nine o’clock train Saturday night,, | CRIMES AND CASUALTIES. Conflagration—Marine Disasters— Railway Accident. Watertown, N. Y., November 23. The railroad freight warehouse at Cape Vincent was burned. Detroit, November 23. —There are reports of the wrecks of several schoo ners on Lakes Huron and Superior. Louisville, November 23. —William Davidson was run over and killed just after saving a man from serious injury by stopping another train. National Bank Rogues. Patterson, N. J.—Matthew Christie and Archibald MeCausland, book keepers of the First National Bank of this city, were arrested for embezzling about two thousand dollars from that institution. They made false entries of credit in their own names when no money was deposited. Christie's em bezzlement Is believed to have exten ted over two years. <| w FROM NEW ORLEANS. Report of the Jetty Commissioners. New Orleans, November 23.—The Jetty Commissioners’ report advises the ÜBG of more aud heavier stone In the construction of jetties, and states th*it much work has been done, but uDadi more is necessary before any good results are obtained. The Com missioners regard the South Pass of the Mississippi moro susceptible of im provement than was the Soolina mouth of the Danube, where a channel twenty feet deep has been secured by jetties. Nothing incenses the high-spirited American more than for auj’body to assume au air of superiority to him. His pride won’t brook any patronage or condescension. This feeling is com mon to both sexes, and no one hates to be looked down op so much as a bald-headed woman. AUGUSTA. GA„ WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1875 FROM SOUTH CAROLINA. | The Legislature Convenes—Governor Chamberlain Emulates Cicero in Addressing the Gentlemen from Congo. Columbia, November 23. —The aunual session of the Legislature opened at Columbia to-day. The message of Governor Chamberlain was read. It is an elaborate paper, insisting strenu ously on the perseverence in reforms which have begun, and is hopeful in its tone throughout. Iu conclusion the Governor says: • “The measures which I deem most essential to the present welfare of the State, are “First, The prompt passage of a Supply Act which shall impose the lightest possible burdeu of taxation. Second—The enactment of a law which shall require all disbursements of public funds, except the interest on the public debt, to be made, upon war rants of the Comptroller General, is sued upon vouchers approved by that officer and permanently recorded in his office. Third—The keeping of all appropria tions within the limits of the funds actually provided for by taxation. Fourth—The immediate and large reduction of the scale of all public ex penditures. Fifth—The equitable adjustment of the floating indebtedness of the State upon a plan embracing the rigid scruti ny, by impartial agencies, of all claims, and the gradual paymeut, by taxation, of the valid claims. Sixth—The inflexible observance of exact good faith respecting the public debt. The work and spirit which I com mended to you a year ago, I commend with increased earnestness to you now, the work of correcting abuses and re storing a good administration in the spirit of integrity and fidelity toward those whose trusts we hold. Some gratifying results have been reached but the future has heavier tasks than those already achieved. I might urge these things upon my political associates as essential to the life and success of their political party, for so they are, but I choose to urge them upon the common unassailable ground of the public welfare. He will be a bliud poliiician who is not also a patriot. The truly wise public man in this State to-day will labor and pray for the peace and honor of South Caro lina, for the increase of official integri ty, for the confirmation to every citi zen of all civil and political rights, for the establishment of a government which shall protect all and oppress none. FROM ST. LOUIS. Conviction of McDonald—The Rail road Convention. St. Louis, November 23.—McDonald was convicted on all eight indictments. The jury consulted three hours. The Judge will not sentence until he has heard the evidence iu all cases. Mean while, McDonald is under custody of the Marshal iu default of §50,000 bail. The maximum sentence is three years, the minimum six mouths on each in dictment, The fine is at the discretion of the Court. Delegates to the Convention arc ar riving on every train. State delegates are organizing with Presidents and Sec retaries. They will go into convention well concentrated. There will be eight hundred to a thousand delegates. Proceedings of the Railroad Conven tion. St. Louis, November 23.—C01. Broad head, Chairman of the Executive Com mittee, called the Convention to order. Dr. W. G. Elliot prayed, when Broad head read the call and stated in detail the objects of the Convention. The delegates were from twenty-seven States and thoroughly represented various interests by their respective oommittees. The Chairman read a bill granting the charter of the Texas Pacific road, gave some statistics of working parts of the road already finished, described the country through which the proposed road will run and drew a comparison with the northern route quite favorable to the Texas Pacific. Generals Johnston and Beauregard Shake Hands with Sherman over the Champagne Chasm—Jeff. Davis Declines to Enthuse. St. Louis, November 23.—Mayor Britton welcomed the Convention to St. Louis. General Anderson, of Rich mond, was elected temporary chairman and L. L. Walbridge and D. H. Mac adams, of St. Louis, secretaries. At this point General Joseph E. Johnston, in response to a general request, took a seat on the platform and was greeted cordially by General Sherman, who ad vanced and shook hands with him very heartily amidst the greatest applause from all parts of the house. General Beauregard was theu called up and was received in the same warm and friendly manner. Mr. Davis was also invited forward but declined. The Convention then adjourned for an hour. St. Louis, Nov. 23.—The Commit tee ou Credentials reported delegates present from twenty States and Ter ritories. The report was adopted. The Committee on Permanent Organization reported the following officers : Presi dent, Judge Stanley Matthews, of Cin cinnati ; Vice-President, Gen. W. Pres ton, of Kentucky ; Secretary, Col. John M. Howell, of Arkansas; Official Re porter L. L. Walbridge, of St. Louis; Sergeant at Arms, Major G. E. D. Couslins, of St. Louis. A supple mental report was made naming five gentlemen from each State as Vice-Presidents, and one as Assistant Secretary. Both reports were adopted. Both Judge Matthews and Geu. Preß ton, upon taking their respective seats, made strong and eloquent speeches in favor of the object of the convention, and the construction proposed of the Southern Trana-Continental Road, which were received with hearty ap plause, A committee of ten from each State was appointed on busiuess apd resolutions; and, on motion,' it was agreed that all resolutions offered should be referred to that committee without debate. Resolutions were then introduced from Calafornia, Tennessee, Kansas and South Carolina delegations, which were referred under the rule, and the convention adjourned until to-mor row. The name of James J. Brooks was used in so positive a manner last Satur day night as one of the parties against whom indictments were found that day by the United States grand jgry, for complicity fit whiskey frauds, that the reporter here felt justified in putting it in his dispatches, Jt proves, however, to have been a mistake, A note from District Attorney Dyer says the state ment is false, and that not even a sus picion, so far as he knows, attaches to Mr. Brooks. BIOGRAPHICAL sketch. - [Everett (Mas*.) Monthly.] JOHN W. HOUGHTON, Quite a number of enterprising busi ness men, who have amassed a fortune in other places, have, at some period of their lives, been residents of this city, and identified with its interests. One of these was John W. Houghtoo, late of Augusta, Ga., a native of Harvard, Mass., and a brother of the venerable Cyrus Houghton, of West Lynn. He came to Lynn at the age of nine teen, fresh from the paternal estate, to seek his fortune, like Amos Lawrence, when he trudged to Boston with a bundle under his arm; or, as another millionaire, Mr. Isaac Rich, did when he left Cape Cod. A poor boy, but hopeful and persevering, was Mr. Houghton then, and on his arrival here he went to live with his brother in-law* Mr. Harris Chadweil, with whom he served his time. Afterward, while yet a young man, he commenced business with Mr. Jos. C. Jayne, under the name of Jayno & Houghton. Few now* living probably remember that old firm near the corner -of Liberty and Market streets, for it was many years ago—in 1813, or dur ing the second war with Great Britain. The business was not successful; and Mr. Houghton, somewhat disheartened but pot discouraged, left Lynn. At first he went to Newark, N. J., where he again attempted to manufacture shoes;-but, the business not proving remunerative, he took, what goods he had left, about six hundred dollars’ worth, and journeyed south uu il he reached Savannah. On his arrival he had but twenty-five cents in cash left with which to com mence life In anew country among utter strangers. But still hopeful, he took his effects and went up the river fo Augusta, one hundred and twenty five miles distant. Here he opened a store, and, after many difficulties and reverses, which would have discouraged most men, he was entirely successful. The business that Mr. Houghton en gaged in at Augusta was the shoe trade, but he gradually added other things, until his establishment became a regular out-fitting store, where plant ers from the country could obtain whatever supplies they desired. He kept on hand a large stock of goods, fashionable and unfashionable, for master and slave. His store was on Broad street, the principal thorough fare of the city, in a crowded business quarter near the Market House. When 1 resided in Augusta, iu 1872, long years after the death of Mr. Houghton, the rooms he occupied were pointed out to ine by an old negro who dis tinctly remembered him. He said that Mr. Houghton kept everything, and if a man wanted a bell-top hat or a pair of peaked-toed shoes; he could obtain them there. For a long time he had a profitable trade, dealing largely with the people of Augusta and with well-to do planters from South Carolina, and even as far as North Carolina. His goods were manufactured iu the North, and he dealt quite extensively with merchants throughout New England. In later years he had so far withdrawn from active business as to be able to spend some time on his plantation, about twelve miles out of the city, thus gratifying the taste of his youth for out-door life. He erected a plain man sion for himself, which is still called by southern people the “Yankee house,” Md out the grounds in northern style, and built a school-house on the pre mises. That plantation contained about twenty-four hundred acres, and was carried on by negroes, about fifty of whom found a home there. His repu totion was that of a kind master and an honest man. His way of life was simple from beginning to end, and en tirely unostentatious. His rooms were always open to people from the North, and he was in constant communication with his friends in Mew England, by letters and the tie of business. By bis will he gave freedom to his slaves, and provided means for their transportation and settlement in Liberia. They all went but one man. Mr. Houghton may well be consid ered a public benefactor. After making several bequests to friends in Georgia and his relations In Now England, he gave four thousand dollars for the erection of a school house, to be held by the Council of Augusta, for all the poor children of the city, aud to be open ou the Sabbath to all denomina tions of Christians for divine worship. The building, a substantial brick edi fice, bears the name of “Houghton In stitute,” and just west of it are two dwelling houses belonging to tiie es tate. The grounds are on the corner of Green and Lincoln streets, and the invested funds yield ?>bout two thou sand dollars per annusi. Previous to 1868 four teachers s ifficed for this school, but iu 1868 aud ’69 three addi tional ones were needed. During those two years 571 pupils we re in attendance. At that time it was under the care of Martin V. Calvin, a Southern man, and an accomplished educator. He was succeeded by Rev. Dr. Hard, as Princi pal, with several assistants. At last accounts about four hundred and thir ty scholars were enrolled on the cata logue, and thelostitution was In a pros perous condition. This was Mr. Hough ton’s attempt to lntibauce the free school system of the North into his adopted city, and, although he did not live to see its operation, it has proved a success. In June, 1846, Mr. Houghton visited Lynn for the last time. He was about sixty, and had lived in the South near ly thirty years. Pleasant, indeed, was it, that summer, for his friends to talk with him, and to find him so little changed. He was a large, strong man, with a well-developed head, and very active, but quiet and unobtrusive in his man ners ; indeed, he was so much so that his real worth was not known until after his death. His name is now held in the highest respect by the people of Augusta, aud well It may be, for the school that he founded can but prove a blessing to the city. Besides iu ad dition to what he gave to the cause of education, he left a siqa of money to build a church In Richmond county, called Houghton JDhapcl, which, when I lived in the South, was iu successful operation, being nightly filled with col ored worshipper*. Mr. Houghton died at his rooms, in Augusta, February 27,1351. His broth er, Cyrus was the only one of his rela tions who was with him at the time. According to his wishes he was buried on his plantation, near the house where he spent so many happy hours during the last years of his life. Hia grave is within a small enclosure, which is sacredly set apart for the purpose, and is a noticeable feature of the landscape a* one rides along the road or stops*to survey the premises. --- A slow match: A couple In Tennessee have been engaged lor twenty-five years, THE CORN CROP. EXTENT AND LOCATION* OF THE CORN GROWING REGION. Value of the Crop for 1875—Tke Cereal as an Element of Wealth and Pros perity to the Nation. INew York Herald ] It must be now conceded that the corn crop of the present year is the largest evt>r grown. The opening of the season was uncommonly favorable for plowing aud plantiug, and the area planted was much larger than usual; first, because the crop of 1874 was short, and it was absolutely necessary to supply the deficiency that the stock of cattle, sheep and hogs of the coun try might be made profitable, and fur ther, that the large breadth of ground sown In white wheat the previous fall, and which, largely, winterkilled, might be utilized. When the corn crop of the country is spoken of iu a commercial sense, the whole of the United States is not considered as producing it, but only that part which yields a surplus, and which enters, notably, into the markets of the world. THE CORN AREA, then, only embraces about three-quar ters of Illinois, half of Missouri and lowa, and the eastern portions of Kan sas and Nebraska. Although Ohio and Indiana grow a great deal of corn, as well as a limited, but exceedingly choice, portion of Kentucky, it is doubt ful whether these sections produce a surplus, or, at least, any other surplus that is required in neighboring States, and particularly in the cotton planting States. The corn area meutioued is about one hundred and fifty miles wide, from north to south, aud six hun dred miles long, from east to west, through the centre of which runs the fortieth parallel. Much corn is grown north and south of this belt, but the yield is less and it gradually decreases each way, till it ceases to be grown in high, frosty latitudes and beneath the fiery sun# of the tropics. West of the State of Missouri the boundary lines of this belt are deflected southward, corresponding to the gradual increase oLthe elevation marked by the descent ofrhe rivers that rise in the Rocky mountains. The number of corn coun ties within the States above named is not fnj from one hundred and twenty five—that is, which are now in general cultivation—but there are many as twenty-five more to be added hereafter, and thus we have one hundred and fifty counties, equal in extent to Indi ana and Illinois, unequaled anywhere else in the world for producing this grain. Indeed, it is not likely that there is any region in Europe, Africa or Asia twice as large which has a like capacity. THE TOTAL CORN CROP of the State of Illinois is estimated for the present year at the enormous amount of three hundred million bush els. The rest of the region named will probably produce two-thirds as much, making a total of five hundred million bushels. Now, since as much as the two-thirds named will be required for feeding purposes and home use, the amount Illinois has raised must be considered as the surplus crop of the whole country, and as the price in Chicago ranges steadily at about fifty cents a bushel, the sum of one hundred aud fifty million dollars must be con sidered as added this year to our na lional wealth, and also as a sound cap ital, on which mercantile, manufactu ring and other business can be done. But this estimate, when differently considered, is too low. The two hun dred million bushels of corn not in cluded in the surplus is to assume other forms aud finally to become an other surplus. Illinois has long taken tho lead in furnishing fat cattle, largely in the way of feeding those raised in other States. Now, Kansas, Missouri, lowa and Nebraska are engaged in this busiuess, and many counties are this fall teeding each from five thous and to eight thousand head. In the future that whole corn region is to be come a vast feeding ground, where the cat tle grown ou tho immense ranges of the plains will be stall-fed for near by and distant city markets. Further, the commercial columns of the Herald from time to time give an exhibit of the gross amount of pork, bacon and lard received at the various trade centres, all of which are derived from corn. Three-quarters of the wool produced in the United States is made from corn, aud almost all the mutton. A large part of the dairy stock is sustained at least six months of the year on corn in some shape, and the poultry aud eggs, worth millions of dollars, are derived almost wholly from corn. In the West and in the South, and to a considerable extent in the East, horses and mules are fed on com; indeed, much the larger part of the work-teams of the United States were raised ou corn, and by it they are sustained. It is entirely safe, there fore, to estimate THE VALUE OF THE SUPPLIES of the corn crop of 1875, and whloh appears iu various forms of created wealth, at not less than §500,000,000 Properly, this represents a raw mate rial, the value of which is to be largely increased by human labor, by trans portation, including commercial ex change, by manufacturing and manip ulation, aud also by forming a basis for a great variety of industrial pur suits and enterprises, so that this corn crop contains within itself an accumu lative force. To those who study the wealth of nations, who compare different coun tries, these facts may be sug gestive. England possesses vast wealth, but a corn crop forms qo ele ment of it, and tlie civilization, cul ture and power of other European na tions have no basis in the golden cereal, nor has any other country on which the suu shiues. It is grown, it is true, but in most limited quantities. The Arab turns away from the bread with disdain, and the hard-working peasant of Ireland, of Germany and France eat it rather than starve. A Roman legion never passed a field of corn, nor djd the triumphant armies of Alexander. Powerful as were many of the ancient nations, learned and rich as ape the-modern ones, neither one nor the other of them possessed, nor yet possesses, a resource centering within itself so many elements of com fort for the poor and of wealth for the middle class and riches for the enter prising, as our crop of ludian corn, A boy who complains that his back is too weak to bring a bucket of coal out of the cellar for his qaptHpf, mqy be found two hours after nearly bent doqble, and his eye-balls hanging out, tuggiug at oue end of a circqs chest Weighing three hundred pounds. He will willingly and cheerfully perform two dollars’ worth of work for a twenty five oenta circus tioket. GREAT GERMAN SPECULATOR The Rise, Progress aud Fall of Dr. Strousberg. IN. Y. World. 1 The arrest of Dr. Strousberg at St. Petersburg for a fraudulent failure in volved no more than half a million of dollars, brings to a scandalous close a romance of speculative life unparalleled even in our days of speculative splen dor. Baruch Hirsch Strousberg was born a poor Polish Jew at Neidenburg in East Prussia in 1823. He was sent to England when a boy of twelve, to his uncles, who were commission mer chants in London. In England he ab jured his ancestral faith, joined the Church of Eugland and made some essays in journalism. In 1848 he tried his fortunes in this coun try, but finding nothing better to do than to teach German, he caught at the chance of making a little tnouey by buying a cargo of damaged goods, re alized his profits and returned to Eu rope ten years after he had lauded here. In Loudon he passed several years in experimental journalism once more, and finally went to Berlin as the agent of an English insurance com pany. At Berlin, iu 1864, he made the acquaintance of some English capital ists, aud got from them a contract for building a railway from Tilsit to Inster burg. This opeued to him at last the way to fortune, and he made enormous strides from that moment. When the Prusso-Freneh war broke out Dr. etrousberg was the Sir Morton Peto and the Brassey of Eastern Eu rope. He had no fewer than six rail ways under construction at once, and all Christendom had learned to know his name in connection* with certain transactions in Ron mania, iu which his skill and his unscrupulousness enabled him to enlist the Prussian Government itself as his protector. He was em ploying more than a hundred thousand workmen. In Hanover he had estab lished a gigantic machine factory. At Orstmund and at Neustada he had smelt ing works and iron founderies. At Ber lin and at Antwerp he had made him self a sort of private Haussmann, buy ing old quarters of these cities, demol ishing and reconstructing them in the stateliest modern style. He owned ten j estates in Prussia. Iu Poland the child of the despised Jews of Neidenberg be- ; came the feudal lord of a whole county. Iu Bbhemia he purchased for four mil- j lions of dollars the royal domain of Zbriou, where he established a great railway carriage factory, employing two thousand workmen. All this time he spent the wealth which rolled in upon him in the most sump tuous living. He built himself a palace at Berlin, iu the Wilhelmstrasse, which far surpassed the royal Schloss of the Hohenzollerns themselves in splendor and in luxury. Ho made a collection of pictures embracing fine works of Mels- j sonnier, Gerome, Decamps and others, the princes of French and of German art. His entertainments were fabulous. Not less fabulous was his charity. Each winter he gave away ten thousand dol- j lars of worth to the poor of Berlin, ' with daily rations of soup to ten thou sand people. When East Russia was smitten by famine, he sent thither j trains laden with provisions for his suf fering countrymen. He became a power | with the press, which in Germany is largely controlled by his race. He was sent to the Prussian Chambers. Dur- j ing the mad era of speculation which . in Germany followed the victorious war ; with France, Strousburg became the J most colossal performer in the flnan- | cial orgie of the Noux. He carried his ; enterprises into Russia. He founded j the Moscow Bank. In the height of prosperity, however, he began to find the ground everywhere giving way under him. Like his most famous modern congener, the magnifi cent, Spanish Marquis of Salamanea, he had stretched out his lines too far over the surface of the world. The Romanian railways came first to grief —and the rest followed in due course. With gathering misfortunes came des perate expedients. He plundered the Moscow Bank of more than §2,000,000, and now at last the rough had of Rus sian justice, which has no mercy on ( rogues who play a losing game, has been laid upon him. The Vienna Freie Presse, which gives us these details of his strange career, compares his collapse with that of John Law. In the contrast between the splendor of its noon and the dark ness of its eclipse, the comparison may perhaps hold. But as between the two men, it is absurd. Dr. Strousberg is simply the most stupendous among many similar creatures of his own era; the most dazzling type in his hour of triumph, and the most instructive type perhaps, therefore, iu his downfall, of a class of men generated by the oppor tunities of our own age of associated capital and Imperfect responsibility. With this class Wall street and New York are unhappily but too familiar; but Strousberg differs from his Ameri can fellow-speculators only in the grander audaoity and the more superb achievements of his brief career. MARINE INTELLIGENCE. Accident to the Steamer Amerlque— The Victims of the Pacific Disaster. Queenstown, November 23. —The steamer Amerlque, from New York November I3th, is reported by the China on the 21st, in latitude 49, longi tude 20, with her shaft broken. The China took the mails and passengers of the Amerlque, which was proceeding under sail. All well. New York, November 23.— Agents of the steamer Amerique have a dispatch that the China landed thirteen of the Amerique’s passengers at Queenstown. Victoria, Vancouver’s Island, No vember 23. —The bodies of two of the victims of the Pacific were brought here by Indians. One was identified as Thos. K. Farrell, of San Francisco; the other was not recognized. The in quest is progressing, and develops a conduct on the part of the captain and crew of the Orpheus which causes indignation. FROM TEXAS. Quiet Restored. Brownsville, November 23.—A1l quiet on the Texan border. Capt. Mc- Nally, commanding the State troops, had intrenched himself on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande, recrossed hav ing obtained a promise from the Mexi can authorities to deliver stolon eat tie and thieves if caught. Subsequently seventy-five head were delivered at Ringgold Barracks. Some Chicago clerks went fishing recently, and forgot to take a rook along to anchor tho boat with. The sport would have been spoiled completely but for the happy thoi%ht of one of them who took off his seal ring for the purpose. New Series —Vol. 28, No. 94 COMMERCIAL MORALITY. Failures in Modern Fashion—Flies in the Ointment Pot—The Wrath to Come. [New York Shipping List.] The number and character of the business failures during the past year, 1 to which reference has already been i made in these columns, continue to ex cite lively journalistic comment; and the fact that our bankrupt law needs radical aitfendment, to the end that creditors may be better protected from the frauds of dishonest debtors, is quite universally recognized. The bankrupt law was altered some two years ago so as to provide for a dis charge from bankruptcy on the pay ment of thirty per cent, of the bank rupt’s liabilities, and also to make any composition, which a majority of the creditors might accept, obligatory upon them all. These provisions were framed for the purpose of preventing ! factious prosecution of a bona fide bank ruptcy unreasonable creditors, and that i object was commendable enough. But the practical operation of these provis ions has been rather to place a premium upon dishonest bankruptcy, and to pre | vent the full collection of just debts, | than to afford protection to the honest but unfortunate class of business men ! who are overtaken by adversity. A j moment’s consideration will suffice to show what an inducement to dishonest , bankruptcy there is in the present sit uation of things, when a merchant can stop payment, call his creditors togeth er, force a composition of twenty or thirty per cent., and come out of the operation with the difference between what he could have paid and what he did actually pay, in his pockets. It is pretty generally understood that in stances have occurred under the pres ent provisions of the law by which a certain class of business men have cleared large sums of money by going through bankruptcy, aud have come out wealthy and unembarrassed through the dishonest operation. The standard of commercial morality has also been lowered by a class *of merchants who have been in the habit of going outside of their legitimate sphere of action to “take a flyer” in stocks, or indulge in some other kind of hazardous speculation. The Boston Traveler pungently remarks that “out side operations have been the curse of our entire business community, and seven-eighths of the failures during the year are attributed to this fact. Depreciations in fancy, mining and railroad shares should be charged to the proper account, and the losers thereby not shield themselves behind the thin pretence of stagnation in busi ness. And many of the failures of 1875 can be traced to reckless endorsements or the issuing of accommodation paper. A protested note to a large amount came back to one of our banks the other day. The promisor was regarded as shaky and the endorser as good, but the endorser did not come forward, and the officers of the bank requested a mutual friend to call upon the endor ser and ascertain what could be done in the premises. The curt reply was, * Oh, that was an accomodation endorsement.’ The mutual friend then remarked, ‘You have been in the habit of doing this ?’ ‘Oh, yes” was the cool rejoinder.’ There is reason to believe that a simi lar practice has been by no means un frequent in tnis latitude, and, as it is on a par with fraudulent bankruptcies, all honorable business men ought to unite in an effort to put a stop to it. Public sentiment must take these matters in hand or the foundations of public credit will become so thoroughly under minded that the work of restoration will be difficult, if not impossible, There can be little doubt that busi ness morale has been seriously impaired during the last doaen years, or since about the period of the breaking out of our late civil war, which was pri marily responsible for most of the evils from which the business of the country is now suffering. The im mense' amount of paper money with whioh it flooded the country led to a degree of extravagance among nearly all classes unparalleled in any country or in any age ; aud in order to sustain this extravagance the time-honored methods of doing business, which brought slow gains from long years of honest toil, were largely ignored in the insane desire which possessed many to acquire sudden wealth, even through decidedly questionable practices. Mak ing haate to get rich has, without doubt, been the ruin of thousands, and if the stern lessons of the reoeat past, though dearly learned, lead to a radi cal reform, the future can well afford to pay what the experience has cost. There is nothing really more amazing than the utter credulity, not to say subserviency, shown toward a success ful business operator by a large pro portion of the business community. The fact, no doqht, explains many of the failures, defalcations and “irregu larities” which are orowdlng these times. Here, too, is the want of the old-fashioned virtues, for vigilance, circumspection, just responsibility and faithful treatment are quite as essen tial as honesty and good intentions, if we would ever hope to see the restora tion of mercantile integrity aud repute. Will these current experiences leave their just impression upon the public mind? If not, we have only to go through with more to get at the same result. Atlanta Constitution: Mr. G. A. Mil ler, the veteran journalist of Columbus, olirabed our long flights of stairs this morning. We were glad to see him looking so well. He had just come from Crawfordville, and from Mr. Ste phens, whom he has been assisting dur ing the past eight months in his work on a now cyclopaedia. Mr. Miller is not sanguine about Mr. Stephen’s speedy recoveiy from bis latest attack. He certainly will not be able to go to Washington before January, and it is feared that even then he will not bo strong enough to undertake the jour ney. Mr. Stephens is becoming ad vanced in years, and this no doubt ope rates to make his recovery less speedy. While all who understand his case be lieve that he may be spared to Georgia several years to come, yet none are very confident that he wfll be strong enough to take hi? seat in Congress this winter, and stand its discomforts and excitements. , Minor Telegrams. Washington, November 23. —Wilson’s funeral is now flxed for Friday. Albany, November 23.—There is con siderable floating ioe in the river and canal, Boston, November 23.—John Wells, Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court, is dead, Montgomery, November 23.—The State and [federal Courts of this city adjourned to-day, in token of respect for the memory of the late "Vice Presi dent Wilson, To Advertisers and Subscribers. On A£D afteb this date (April 21. 1875.) all editions of the Constitutionalist will be sent free of postage. Advertisements must be paid for when han ded in, unless otherwise stipulated. Announcing or suggesting Candidates foi office. 20 cents per line each insertion. Money may be remitted atour risk by Express or Postal Order. Cobbespondencb invited from all sources, and valuable special news paid for if used. Rejected Communications will not be re turned. and no notice taken of anonymous letters, or articles written on both sides. LATE VIEW OF THE SCANDAL. From au Interview with Victoria C. Woodhull. [Cincinnati Enquirer.] Mrs. Woodhull—Theodore and I can never be what we were once to each other. The contemptible things he did in the trial would put to au end the former intimacy that existed between us. Still, we meet occasionally, and treat each other politely. I saw him in New York, just before we started West. “You have the distinction of being the first one to bring the scandal to light ?” Simply because I was the only one who dared to tell the truth about things that were as well known then as they are now among hundreds of peo ple in Brooklyn and New York. I tell you that the truth isn’t all out yet, either. I have letters that have never been seen by other eyes thau my own, which would bring about another revo lution. “ Aud yet, you didn’t get a chance to tell in court what you knew?” The trouble was, I knew too much for either paity. Why, didn’t I sit for four days iu the room adjoining Judge Neilson’s coiyt room expecting to be called to the witness stand every hour? Didn’t Sam Morris come to my house one night and sit for three hours try ing to get me to give my testimony so it wouldn’t inculpato Tilton? Didn’t Beecher try to get me to forget the particulars of au interview with him which lasted from nine o’clock iu the evening until three o’clock in the mor ning? And didn’t I tell them all that if I went to the stand I would forget nothing, tut toil the absolute truth about it, through and through ? “And so both parties were afraid to have the truth known?” *‘Yes. The faot is, each party had the other ‘foul’—that is, each one knew enough about the other that wouldn’t do to bring out to keep them from pressing the trial; so they pretended to fight, but both were careful to hurt their opponents as little as they possi bly could.” “Do you ever see Beecher?” “Oh, yes; sometimes.” “I suppose he doesn’t care to recog nize you now?” Ou the other hand, whenever I meet Mr. Beecher he treats me with great politeness. We agree in our teachings in many things. He is an advanced thinker. He believes in Fourrier, and Kant, and all the advanced thinkers. So do I. The only trouble with Mr. Beecher is that he is a moral coward. He told mo he was a coward—told me as we stood at the door of Frank Moulton’s house that night when I asked him to preside at my Steinway Hall meeting—told me, with his hands over his face and the tears streaming out of Iho eyes, that he was too great a coward to do what he knew was right. He told me, too, that every Sunday, when he stood in his pulpit, he preach ed to five hundred women, each one of whom believed that be was madly, fiercely, in love witli her. But still he didn’t dare to face public opinion, and preside over my meeting. “Do you meet Moulton?" Frequently. . “How does he treat you?” Very oordially. We are as good friends as we ever were. Cement in Cemeteries. [N. Y. Times.] Now that Guibord is Anally buried, it is suddenly found out that no one takes any further interest in his bones. Those who were ipost determined that he should be safely buried assert that in all probablity his grave will be , robbed at an early day, but they evi dently care very little whether it is robbed or not. On the other hand, the most enthusiastic of the Roman Catholics show no signs of any intention to trouble themselves any further about the matter. The grave is to be thoroughly cursed; and inasmuch as Guibord’s heretical bones are firmly imbedded in cement, they cannot permeate the rest of the cemetery with the pernicious doctrines that infected them during life. Be sides, it would be a very difficult task . to open a grave that is packed full of cement, and the French Canadian has no fondnsss for undertaking unneces sary work. It would be odd if the desire to thwart the purposes of a religious mob should have resulted in solv ing the problem how to bury the dead with safety to the living. Guibord’s coffin was surrounded with oement merely as a precaution against any attempt at disturbing it; but it has already occurred to many minds that if coffins were to be uniformly imbed ded in oement there would be no op portunity for the escape of peruioious gases, and no possibility of the contamination of springs of water in the neighborhood of grave-yards. The evils connected with the or dinary methods of burial are con stantly on ,the increase, and sani tary science fa challenged to find some method of opposing them. The ex pedient of burning the dead has evils of its own, in addition to the fact that popular prejudice is against it, and that in many localities it would be simply impracticable. There can, how ever, be no objection, on the score of sentiment, to filling graves with ce ment, which will Harden and inclose the coffin so closely that the process of decay will be to a great extent ar rested, while at the same time all pos sibility of injury to the health of the community will be avoided. The subject certainly deserves the attention of the sanitary authorities of our cities and large towns. If, by so cheap an inoffensive an expedient as the use of oement, graveyards can bo made no longer a source of danger to the public, the example set at thu burial of Guibord should be adopted. There may be objections to it which are not obvious to ordinary people. Still it certainly seems as li the use of cement In cemeteries would fully meet the necessity of changing the present system of burial—a necessity which, year by year, is beooming more obvi ous arifl imperative, A Collection ox Facts.— Fishes have no eyelids, and necessarily sleep with their eyes open. They swallow their food whole, having no dental machinery furnished them. Frogs, toads and ser pents never take food but that which they are satisfied is alive. When a bee, wasp or hornet stings, it is nearly always at the expense of its life. Ser pents are so tenaoious of life that they will live for six months or longer with out faod. Seals can be trained to per form many tricks. It Is believed that crocodiles live to be hundreds of years old. The Egyptians embalm them. In South America there is a prolific honey hee which has not been furnished with a sting. The head of the rattlesnake has been known to inflict a fatal woun(J after being severed from the b<?dy v