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Conchs! Did any of our readers ever hear of a race of men called Conchs ? No : yet there is such a race of beings on this continent, numbering several thousand, and what is more surprising they are American citizens. Our authority is Oswego, a very learned and ele gant writer for the New York Tribune —a paper which we always quote from with reluctance, though we are often compelled to do so, as it is conducted with signal ability. Oswego writes from Key W est, and says: This “city” contains about 3,000 inhabitants, of which about 300 are slaves ; 1,700 are Con chs, and the remaining thousand are descended from the “rest of mankind.” These Conchs are peculiar specimens of human kind, and immi grated to Key from the Bahama Islands, some ‘2OO miles east of this, upon the other side of the Gulf-Stream. When first, or wherefore they were called Conchs, authentic history’ has not informed us. We know, however, that they are the descendants of English emigrants and the Royalists of Georgia and Carolina, wiio settled upon and tied to the sandy and barren Bahama Islands. Living there in comparative indolence and disregarding the laws of Nature and of Na ture’s God, by marrying and intermarrying with in the prohibited degrees of consanguinity, they have become a distinct class or race, whom the Almighty has, apparently, marked with degen eracy. Among their children—they are legion —you can only occasionally recognize an ex pression or a feature of the “human face divine.” Many, and indeed most of the Bahama Islands, are quite barren and unproductive, and the resi dents live mainly upon fish. The shell fish call ed conch or concha abounding, it became and is their principal or favorite food, and hence, I suppose, they acquired the name of Conchs. However this may be, or whether the name was originally adopted by themselves or applied by others as a nick-name, it is now- and for a long period has been, the distinctive cognomination of a large portion of the Bahamians; and upon their native Islands, the conch-shell is the allu sive picture or emblem upon all their Hags and banners. Even at the time of the Governorship of the notorious Lord Dumnore, the name was familiarly recognized by the Bahamians, for, at their party meetings and jollifications to petition the King for his continuance in office, the fol lowing sentiment, in'doggerel. was a favorite : Here’s a health to Lord Dunmore, The conch is out, the shell at his door ; He who votes ior Lord Dunmore, He is a Conch, I am sure. Tradition, slightly aided by a fertile imagination however, can assign to this peculiar people a far more ancient and classical name and habitation. Neptune, the God of the Sea, we are told, had a numerous progeny by goddesses and mortals.— Triton was his only son by Amphitrite, and he became a sea deity and the trumpeter to his fath er. Now we know that the instrument or “trump-marine” used by Triton to call and mar shal his father’s clan, was a conch-shell, for Ovid says : Triton vocat; condor- que sonotta Irispirare jubet. And may we not reasonably infer that the clan who obeyed the call of the loud sonuding conch shell, when blown by the deified Triton, were called Conchs, and that they are the real pro genitors of the present diving, amphibious race, who rally around and follow the conch-sheli, as their armorial ensign, and who are now dis tinctly known among men as Conchs ! The Coxcii-MEtv of this day and generation, at least upon this island, are a cadaverous, sor ry, and fishy-lookiug genus hominum. They are proverbially peaceful, honest, temperate and religious, hut have none of the pugnacious ener gy, scheming proclivity, and perpetual mobility of the Yankees. Their chief business is fishing, sponging, turtliug and wrecking, and generally on their own account, and not as the “hirelings” of others. The labor which a Northern or Wes tern maa performs at a dollar a day and one hundred and fifty a year, the Conch regards as servile, and three dollars per day would not hire him to perform the same labor. Their wants are few, and in this latitude and locality, easily supplied. Their principal food being fish, the waters around the Key furnish a continuous and inexhaustible supply, and occasional wrecking procures for themselves and families the neces sary clothing, bread, groceries, A:c. Sponging is the gathering of sponges along the reefs, ami when steadily and industriously followed, fifty dollars a month is easily earned. Turtling is a favorite employment with the Conchs and so abundant are they thatevery fami ly upon the Key, for a bit, (twelve and a half cents,) can dine daily upon fine turtle-soup and turtle-steaks. These large sea-tortises are sometimes taken iu nets, sometimes by “turn ing,” and sometimes by “pegging.” At certain seasons they come out upon the head), in large numbers, to deposit their eggs io the sand. At such times, particularly moonlight nights, they are suddenly approached and turned upon the hack, before reaching the water. It is very exciting sport, requiring great skill as well as practice to be successful. This is called “turn ing turtle.” And “pegging turtle” is equally exciting, and requring more skill and experience. Take a stick twelve or fourteen feet in length, insert into one end a pointed steel, like that of the shoemaker’s awl, and fasten to it a line or cord ; armed with this instrument, you sail along the reels, and throw it, harpoon-fashion, at the turtle’s hack, and the steel-point strikes so firm ly in the shell, that turtles weighing 100 pounds are securely “hauled in’’—and this is called “pegging turtle.” Large pens or cribs are built in the Bay, in which are kept a large supply, constantly on hand, for home consumption and exportation. There is a portion, and a very important and interesting portion of the wrecking business, performed exclusively by the Conch-men— it is the diving and working under water. When a vessel bilges and fills with water or sinks, they are employed to dice into the hold of the vessel, and there make fast to and stive the cargo.— Forty and fifty feet is regarded as a good work- ing depth of water, and a Conch lias been known to “dive down’’ ninety feet, carrying along a cable, and make fast to an anchor.— They are trained to dicing from early childhood, and boys of ten years old will, at any moment, plunge in and go down twenty feet to pick up a sixpence. Indeed, it is said (this I call a fish story) that expert divers will dive down for feet, sledge-hammer in hand, for their favorite shell fish, the concha, and there break the shells and eat their breakfast, before coming up “to blow oil.” Their endurance of protracted sub marine existence, is certainly most astonishing, and their amphibious labors are not only im portant, but indispensable in saving wrecked cargoes. These Conch-men are almost wholly unedu cated, and with few exceptions make no effort and manifest no desire to educate their children. Their dwellings are mostly one-story wooden buildings, elevated upon blocks some three or four feet from the ground; roughly boarded outside, and unfinished inside; windows desti tute of sash or glass, but having blinds made of unplaned boards, which are kept open during the day and closed at night. In their social in tercourse, they confine themselves almost ex clusively to their own class or race, and their dwellings are contiguous in a distinct portion of the “city”—known as “Conch-Town.” Such are some of the noticeable points in the historical, physical, industrial and social pedi gree, character and condition of the Conciis, who comprise two thirds of the entire popula tion of the “City of Key-West.” An old lady once said that her idea of a great man was : “A man who was keerful of his clothes, didn't drink spet its, kin read the Bible without spellin’ the words, and kin eat n eold dinner on wash day, to save the wimmen folks the trouble of cooking.” Couple of Them.—A physician going down Regent street, with a friend’ ot his, said to him— “ Let us avoid that pretty woman you see there on the left. She knows me, and casts on me looks of indignation. I attended her hus band.” “Ah ! I understand; you had the misfortune to dispatch him.” ‘ On the contrary,” replied the doctor, ‘I saved him.” Porson, having once exasperated disputant by the dryness of his sarcasm, the Petulant opponent thus addressed him. ‘ Mr. Porson, I beg leave to tell you, sir, that my opinion of you is perfectly contempti ble.” . . _ Porson replied—“l never knew an of yours, sir, which was not contemptible.’ ©jeffimts xmlr Sntliml COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 8, 1853. j telegmphicT Telegraphed Expressly for the Times & Sentinel. Mobile, March 1. Cotton.—Our Cotton market is stiff, sales to-day amount to 2500, We quote Middling Fair 9 3-4 ; Good Middling 9 to 9 1-4 ; Middling 8 5-8 ; Good Ordinary 8 3-4 ; Ordinary 7 1-2 to Bc. Telegraphic News.—Owing to the fact that the wires have been down between this point, Mobile and New Orleans, we have received no dispatches by our correspondent by the Western route for three days.— We learn that steamer's news has been received by the Eastern Route, representing the market at Liver pool fair. Rail Roads from Savannah and Brunswick. We find in the Daily Georgian , a long and very in teresting letter fro m James R. Butts, Esq., on the sub ject of Rail Road extension in South Western Georgia. We have not space even for a review of all the points discussed by Mr. Butts ; there is one proposition, how ever, made by him which is of such vital importance as to deserve an extended notice, ft is to unite the Savan nah and Brunswick “enterprises, and run one common main trunk, by the most direct and practicable route to Pensacola, with such branches as may be deemed nec essary. 5 ’ lie proposes that a road be built from Savan nah in a south-west direction uutil it reaches the Sat ilia river, two miles west of Waynesville— a point 15 miles from Savannah —when it will unite with the Bruns wick road 27 miles west of Brunswick. From this point the main trunk will take a due west course until it crosses Little River, in the 9th district of Lowndes county. At this point the road branches—the upper one 45 miles to Albany, and the lower one 32 miles to Thomasville, thence to Tallahassee about the same dis tance. The main trunk will be continued, crossing the Flint 5 miles above Bainbridge, where the bridging will le only 5 to 600 feet in length, and 50 to 60 feet above high water mark, and the Chattahoochee a short dis tance below the Florida line at Paramo re’s landing, where high bluffs jut in and offer a favorable crossing. After leaving the Chattahoochee, the road would pass over a gently rolling oak and hickory country for some iO miles, and then over a flat pine country until it reaches Pensacola—distance from Brunswick 332 miles— from Savannah 380 miles. The only argument adduced by Mr. Butts in favor of the union of the roads is that if united the confidence of the planters in the success of the enterprise will be such that they will take as much stock in it as may be desirable—while if kept separate, the planters west of the Allamaha will have nothing to do with either, and leave the whole burthen of building both roads upon the shoulders of Savannah and Brunswick respectively. A still stronger reason for the union of the roads is that the cost of construction will be diminished one half and the income doubled, while the same distribution of freight between the rival cities will take place, whether it is carried on oue road or two. Anxious only for the success of a project which will ! devt-lope the resources of South-western Georgia and make her desolate pine forests “bloom and blossom like j the rose,” wc highly approve of Mr. Butts’ suggestions ; but if conflicting interests cannot be reconciled, and j Brunswick must have her road to the Gulf, and Savan nah must have her road also, so let it be; the country i will not be injured by the rivalry of the cities ; and 20 ! years will concentrate at Pensacola enough trade and i travel to supply the engines and ears of both roads profi tably. Congress—The Character ot our Public Men. The demoralization of our public men litis bi-come a favorite theme with the Editors, and is nut a distasteful morsel with members of Congress, TANARUS! hardest hits in this direction which we have lately noticed, are contained in the Richmond Examiner of a late date. It states that there is one district m the South, which ever lias been represented by a succession of drunkards, from a time whereof the memory of man runnel li not I to the contrary ; aud that there arc several districts in 1 the North which have never returned any others titan notorious rogues and defaulters ; that fifty or a hundred dollars apiece to get men to stay in their places and vote when a small bill conies up, is not a thing unheard of: that debauchery and sensualism have set an unne-taken bie mark U|x>n the cheek of more than a inajo: ity e>f the members; and that the proportion of clear-t-ved earnest and houest faces among that distinguished crowd are like the scattered stars which shone dim and dis tant through tho murks and shadows of Milton’s Hades they only serve to make the darkness visible. The pithy editor well says, that the members of Congress have forgotten who made them. Congress has l.w ome careless of public opinion. Roth parties there tool a per fect apathy iu relation to the sayings and doings of all out si.lers. The Democratic party feel secure. 1; I- just crushed its adversary beyond the fear of another (inln. i’h u majority in every Democratic District lots been doubled, lienee the Democratic party teels like that rich man in the Sor ptures, who said. Soul , thou hast meat unit drink laid up for many years : eat, drink and take thine ease ; while the remnants of the Federal herd sing tic* -aim son g with another burden : “Let us eat aud drink,for to-morrow we die.” Like the beggar in Horace, the Whig party can sing bedire t lie rubber*, it is safe, because it lias nothing to I sc. The cure for this great and alarming evil is iu tin- hands of the people. Every two years they have the oppor tunity of correcting it, by selecting not only able but sober and honest men to represent them in Congress, and they should make a coiiscienitous use of such op portunities. Drunkards, gamblers, debauchees, specu lating adventurers, are unworthy of the confidence of the people and will abuse their trust if sufficient temp tation is offered to them. Private virtue is the highest qualification of au Aruerioan statesman. We are too much under the sway of oily tongues—the meanest and poorest of intellectual gifts. Hence lawyers crowd the halls of Congress to the exclusion of all other classes of community. It was not so with our ancestors, uei- Washington or Macon were orators ; and in our age would doubtless have been considered very unfit per sons to send to Congress. They had neither brass nor “words, words, words,” but sound sense and incor- ruptible integrity. It is nonsensical to separate political and private vir tue. A man who will cheat his neighbor, will cheat hie country. A man who will indulge his lusts at the ex pense of his family, will be equally untrue to the State. Spain—Her Extent—Population—Taxes — Army, &c. As interesting questions have arisen, and still more vital questions are likely to arise, between the United States and Spain, it is a matter of some moment to know in jidvance of any colission between us, the extent of her power and her capacity to wield it, Spain is snugly ensconced in the South-west corner of Europe, between the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, a position eminently favorable for the de velopment of her national character and which contribu ted greatly to make her foremost among the nations in the fifteenth century. The kingdom is however divided by lofty mountain ranges into several provinces, having litile intercourse and but a slugglish sympathy with each other; she is separated from the Atlaulic in great part by the kingdom of Portugal; and her strongest fortification, Gibraltar, is in tbe hands of the English. which flic lias gallantly but vainly attempted to wrest from their grasp. The area of Spain is about one eighth as large as that of the United States; her population is less than half as , numerous ; while her annual products are not one third as large as ours, llcr annual taxes amount to 70 mil- ; lions of dollars. Her army consists nominally of 104,000 ; men, probably only 70,000 actually in ranks, which is j led by 672 Generals—twice as many as France has for j five times the number of troops. In some respects Spain is improving. The Inquisi tion was formally suppresed in 1812. During the Na poleonic wars, a Cortes, or House of Parliament, was es tablished and a constitution formed which still exist and contribute in some degree to mitigate the rigors of despo- i tisin, and to arouse the intellect and patriotism of the people, though not one can be a deputy unless he owns real estate worth 8600 per annum, and no one can vote, except professional men, who is not 25 years old, and pays $-0 in taxes annually. Iu 1826 there were but two newspapers published in Madrid; in 1850 there were 13 dailies, with an aggregate ; circulation of 35,000 copies, and are said to be conducted j with ability and dignity. Education is vicing with the press in diffusing light through the country. In 1803 with a population of j 10,250,000, there were but 30,000 persons receiving an education in all the schools of the kingdom. In 1850 j about 700,000 children were in the public schools, on which the State expends about $750,000 annually.— About 1,100,000 persons are able to read out of a pop ulation of 12,135,000. Manufactures of wool, silk and I iron have all flourished during the last 10 or 12 years,and the country is said, by Mr. Wallis, who is the authori ty for these statistics, to be relatively prosperous and thriving beyond any past experience. The present government ofde la Rosa has taken one step backwards, by decreeing that “no Foreigner will hereafter be permitted to profess, in Spain, any religion but the Roman Catholic Apostolic. ‘ The United States have nothing to dread from tlu* ’ hostility of Spain, yet the power of human progress would dislike to witness a contest which would proba bly arrest the advancement—slow, it is true— of our old ally, to whom we can but cherish a kindly feeling, not withstanding her arrogance and bloody cruelty. The Atlanta Convention. We publish to day in full the proceedings of the Anti- Liquor Law Convention, which assembled in Atlanta on the 22d February. Two hundred and forty-eight delegatee were in attendance, and forty-five counties were represented. The friends of the movement do not design to mix it up with polities ; the convention resolved to petition the next Legislature to refer the whole matter to the people, and allow each county in the State to determine for itself, whether liquor shall be sold within i;s limits. The right of the people to petition the Legislature in respect to all matters which affect their interests, will not be denied by any sane man in this country : and there can be no controversy upon this point, either anung politicians or editors. Nor do we see any well grounded objection to a reference of the question of license or no license to the people. If the petition for tliis purpose is signed by a majority of the voters of Georgia, we do not see how anv Legislator, be he tem perance man or anti-temperance man, can refuse to concede to the people the guardianship of their own liberties. A refusal to do so would imply a distrust of their capacity for self-government—a concession which no man can make who is at heart a Republican. 1 We therefore commend the action of the Atlanta convention, as wise, judicious, and prudent. They have adopted the only course which is free from objec tion by which the sense of the community on this vi- tally important question can be fairly ascertained. The simple question made by them, is this: shall the sense of the people be taken on the liquor traffic? For this proposition the liquor seller may with propriety vote. The question of license or no license is not involved in it. There is, therefore, no necessity now to discuss it. We will reserve what we have to say in reference to it until the time comes when the people shall be called on to express an authoritative decision upon it. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. The Interior ot Africa—Mr. Bowen. It may not be generally konwn that the Southern ; Baptist Missionary Board has a Missionary station in j the interior of Africa, twelve days’ journey from the ! coast, upon the banks of the Niger. The mission was j established by Rev. Mr. Bowen, who has spent two |or three years in t lie work, and is now in America, j engaged in a praiseworthy effort to enlarge the mission, j He will return to Africa in the fall, and hopes to take i out with him five more Missionaries. Our esteemed | friend, Rev, Sanders Dennard. of Barbour eountv. Ala bama, has resolved to devote his life to this good work. and will return with Rev. Mr. Bowen, j We were very much instructed and entertained by ! a discourse delivered upon the subject of this mission | on Sunday night, 27th inst., in the Baptist Church, in j in this city, by Rev. Mr. Bowen; and as the facts sta | ted may be as new to our readers as they are to us. w | propose to give an abstract of his remarks i The Interior of Africa is a high rolling prairie couu j try, abundantly watered, produces corn, potatoes I and the tropical fruits in great profusion, and is j as healthy as any other region in the same latitude The people are generally farmers, and cultivate the soil with some success with the hoe ; though numbers of them arc mechanics, such as Tailors, Shoemakers Blacksmiths, Weavers, &e. They wear sh es, panta loons and tunics ; are remarkably honest and humane and treat their women with consideration. They live iu houses constructed upon the plan of those so fre quent in Mexico, which sometimes are large enough to contain one hundred inmates. Their cities are larre and regularly built, some of them are four by two and j a half miles in extent, and contain 6*l to 100.000 in- I habitants. The country is governed by a King, whose authority is limited by a council of 70 elders, without i whose concurrence he can exercise no authority ; crimes are punished by courts of justice and every specific crime has a specific punishment attached. No man. however, can be punished without the consent of the pa triarch of his family. The people believe in one God, and some of them worship him alone, though the national worship is di rected to inferior deities both benign and malignant. The public mind is open to the reception of truth ; the missionary is cordially received by the people, and he is not hindered in. his labors by the government. We do not know of a more favorable missionary field than that now being opened on the waters of the Niger, and we congratulate the Southern Baptist church upon the success of their enterprise, and hope the necessary aid will be promptly given to Rev. Mr. Bowen to enable him to place his mission on a firm basis. We understand that Yakkiba is the chief city of the country above described, and that the population of the State is over 600,000. Puffing. The careful reader of the public prints cannot fail to have noticed the unmeasured terms of praise which are applied alike to all things which fall under the ■ Editorial eye. Mr. A. reminds one editor of Forrest; Mrs. B. is su- | perior to Jenny Bind ; C***’s Patent pills are a sover eign remedy for all the ills that flesh is heir to; the In- j fant Drummer is the eighth wonder of the world 1 This * extravagant tone of commendation defeats the very end ! it aims at —it can confer no honor—it inakeß an edito- . rial notice valueless. These remarks have been suggested by the Editorial notices which have been called out by the Westminster Review for January—a work which we have heretofore had occasion to notice, and condemn for its abolitionism. Almost every paper in the South has noticed it editorial ly, and but two that we know of have brauded it, though it contains an attack upon us and our institutions as ma lignant as ever was conceived in the pestiferous heart and head of a fanatical Abolitionist. We can only account for this undistinguishing and hurlful praise of a bad book upon the supposition that they clip their editorial notices of books from Northern papers ; or copy the puff which accompanies the work reviewed, as was done to our knowledge in the ease of Webster and Havne's speeches. We hope our breth ren of the press will not think us in a bad humor at the present writing. Wc desire simply to call their atten tion to a crying evil, in the hope tiiat it will bo correct ed ; aud if not, then to warn the publio against a practice which is discreditable to the southern p. e a and highly injurious to southern intsrssts. Mr# l/€ster ami the Vespucci Portrait, Amerigo Vespucci, the descendant of the great Ad miral after whom this continent was named, has charg ed C. Edwards Lester with a fraudulent attempt to sell ‘.he only portrait in existence of his renowned ancestor, which lie deposited in his hands fir the purpose of having it placed iu the Senate of the United States. It appears from the correspondence published in the i New York Tribune on the subject, that the Vespucci i family are now residents of Florence, in limited ciicum- I stances; that they desire to remove to the United | States ; and gave the picture to Mr. Lester, to be pro | seated to the Senate in the hope that that body would i make some provision for the family woithy of the emi i nent services of their illustrious progenitor. Probably Mr. Lester may explain his conduct satis- I factorilv. The correspondence as it now stands rep- resents him in a very unenviable light. Taxes and Labor. Our article upon this subject has been objected to by our neighbor of the Corner Stone, though the ground of objection is not patent. Our position is, Ist that a man who votes ought to pay taxes, 2d that every tax-payer j ought to be taxed in proportion to his ability to pay. The principle asserted by the mechanics of New Orleans j is that capital ought to bear the whole burthen of tax ation. By this rule professional men, merchants, me chanics, sportsmen, actors and many other classes of the community who have large incomes,but no capital, would be entirely exempt from taxation, while the industrious farmer, mechanic, &c., who live economically, and lay up and invest a portion of their “hard earnings,” would be taxed. Such a policy would be neither just nor expe dient. Arrest of a Georgian at Bremen. We learn from the Republican , that Mr. Conrad Schmidt, a citizen of Savannah, who went to Bremen I some months ago on a visit to his relatives in Germany, ! with a regular passport from the Enited States de | partment, was arrested by the Bremen police on a re i quisition of Hanover, for military service due that state, and thrown into prison, from which lie was released j after five day’s confinement only on the energetic re- j monstrance of our Consul at Bremen, Mr. King, and ot our Minister at Berlin, Mr. Barnard. Mr. Schmidt, it seems, left Hanover in 1819, had never been in the Hanoverian army and owed no military service to | that State; while he was in prison an other citizen of the United Stales was pursued by the Bremen police, but luckily escaped. Th Republican well remarks that it is high time that ■ our government looked into this matter. The Bremen Senate ought to be made to feel that they cannot with impunity thus disregard commercial usage and the spirit of commercial treaties. They owe most of their : prosperity to their trade with the United States, and the time has come when they ought to choose between their commercial interests on one hand and their blind obedience t* the German Diet on the other, \n Explanation. It is proper to state that the information given of .Mrs. \\ hi.e's escape from the Asylum was based upon a private letter, net intended for the public,and without the knowledge of Dr. Green, or of the person to whom the letter was written. It was thought proper however to put the public upon their guard against one known to indulge in insane hatred against several of our best i citizens. \\ ill the papers who have noticed the former ; article please copy this. Test Trip of the Ericsson. In the trip from New York to Washington, the Ca loric ship Ericsson encountered two gales and a heavy sea, and though she pitched her bowsprit under water, i with her leeguard immersed, her engines performed with the utmost regularity, the wheels making six and a half turns in a minute, with entire uniformity. The engines were worked 73 hours without being stopped I for a moment, or requiring the slightest adjustment. Only one fireman was on duty, at a time, during the | whole trip. The consumption of fuel was under five tons in .1 hours. Capt. Sands, of the Navy, who was on board, is delighted with the result : and it is the opin ion of many, that the principle of the new motor is now “a demonstrated reality.” Election for Alderman. At an election held in this city on the Ist inst., to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of O. P. Dan forth . Thomas W. Schoonmaker was elected. The vote stood : T. W. Schoonmaker, - * - 147 l)r. T. Stewart, .... gj Joseph Kyle, -3 South C-.’irolma Congressional Election The following are all the returns w<; have as vet re ceived from the contested Districts ; FOURTH DISTRICT. Pickens. Brooks. Marshall. Sullivan, j Edgefield. 876 838 IDS 61 SIXTH DISTRICT. P> ye.-, Moses, O’Hanlon. Total. Richland, 24S 31 o 71 637 Kershaw, . 126 213 12 381 Fairfield, 870 90 16 9SI York, 131 402 33 869 161 b : 045 138 Chester and Sumter remain t* b. heard from, hut I Boyce's erection is admitted. Sanders and Stiles. The Editor of the Democratic, Review is certainly a i true son of the Emerald Isle. He acts upon the mosaic j rule of “nn eye for an eye, a tooih for a tooth.“ No ! man can strike him with impunity, though his beliige- j rent proponsries have forced him to offer to resign his j editorial chair. He emphatically denies the charge | that ho attempt and ;• drive. Mr. Sides into the support i of Dougi.-i--. by tie. .tuning to “skin” his book. He j then carries the war into Africa, and makesthe following severe cluu against the ex-minister : “I am now m possession of lads.. mi ring at the B.dti*’ more convention, which show that Mr. Sui. s's political immorality and tergiversation in American polities, de mand r xposuiv equally with It s book on Austria. 1 charges upon Mr. .Sdlos, not only the fact that he did vote in cm uou so • I Km-las, and n >w endeavors to create an im pression m ill public mind that his abominable book was attacked by tie* Democratic Review because ho did not vote for Douglas, hut that he is guiity of a double treason in the fact that, in so voting for Dougins, he was viola ting his solemn prom's * ;<> the Union delegates to vote against Douglas. I charge this upon Mr. Stiles ; and 1 challenge Mcssis. Ward and Arnold, Union delegates from Georgia to the Baltimore Convention, and Messrs. Cohen and Hilton, State Rights delegates—all four j townsmen of Stiles—to a denial of my statement if not I correct. It is a reasonable supposition that Mr. .Stiles’s inward ! j consciousness of iiis double-dealing made him fearful that I | I suspected him, if, os he asserts, 1 threatened him with a ! j castigation. As the Iwok evidently contemplates a return of ! the author to the liberty-inspiring atmosphere of the court j ; of Francis doseph, Stiles was probably making bids in j i various directions to secure the position for “the late able i minister.’ How he succeeded in other quarters I cannot j j say ; but whether or not. as he states, I made the prom- j j ise, lie has certainly got the “skinning,” and I hope lie is I | satisfied with its execution.” j Mr. Stiles is adequate to his own defense ; and we j | wait with patience for his reply to this outrageous as- J i fault upon his integrity. Cholera among the Flies. | Rev. O. T. Summers, in a very interesting letter, giv j ing a description of his visit to the Florida Conference, | relates the following marvellous “incident of travel .” “I drove thirteen miles with the Bishop and the Rev. S. P. ] Richardson to the house of Mr. Munnerlyn, to which we | had been p.e.-i tgiv invited, where we spent the night and | took the stage at 6 next morning. Mr. M. lives on the stage I road not far fieni the river. He has a handsome location, I and a fine estate. His hospitality is unbounded, and as he | lives on tbe great thorough-fare he has opportunities enough j lo exercise that virtue. 1 need not add, iiis house is a home lor the traveling clergy. The oyster cholera, as it is called, has prevailed in this region, and below towards the gulf, Mr. M.'s factor sent him some oysters in the autumn from Apalachicola, but being afraid to eat them he had them opened for the ducks—the flies, however, swarmed around for their share, and got it too ; but in getting it they caught the cholera, and vast swarms of them died with the terrible disease. Mr. M. subjected them to a post mortem exami nation, as the doctors say, and found that they were draad tuily contorted; their bodies were writhed and twisted in a wonderful manner, and turned white, by the severity of the disease. But wffat is poison for one is meat for the another —the oysters that killed the flies fattened the ducks!” North Carolina Senator.— The Raleigh (N. C.) Standard states on the beet authority that Gov. Reid has made no appointment of a Senator to succeed Mr. Mangum, Grocers’ Meeting. “G real is Diana of the Ephesians.” See Acts, 19 Chap. 24—28 verses. We learn from the Savannah papers, that an ad journed meeting es the Grocers of that city, convened at the Exchange Long Room, March Ist, for the pur pose of receiving the report of a committee appointed at a former meeting to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of that meeting on the attempt to procure further legislation on the traffic in liquors, and to pro | pare rules for their government as an association. The meeting was organized by Mr. Win. M. David ! son presiding, and Mr. Waring Russell, acting as Sec ! rcOT j The following resolution was read, introductory to ; heir constitution, and unanimously adopted : Resolved , That the undersigned, believing that the legislation which is recommended by those who are in favor of the law known as the “Anti-Liquor Law,” will he in violation of rights which are inalienable, and not the subject of restriction by legisilatioii; and feeling that it is a duty that we owe to ourselves and our fellow-eiti zent, to prevent, if possible, any further prosecution of a subject injurious iu its tendencies and restrictive of our | rights as citizens of the United States: are desirous of forming an association having for its object the opposition by all proper and lawful means, of any further legislation | upon the subject of the traffic in liquors ; and also for our mutual protection in the pursuit of a just and honorable calling: And we do hereby form ourselves into an as sociation to be called the “Groceis’ Association of the City of Savannah.” Among the articles of the Constitution, we noticed the following declaration : “That this (the association) is to have no reference to any party (political) organization now existing.” In reference to a proper observance of the Sabbath , the 9th article thus expresses the sentiment of the asso ciation : “It being the desire of every member of this associa tion to discontinue the practice of trading on Sundays . and believing that it will advance the interests of the association, we do pledge ourselves to discontinue the practice, and hereafter close our doors on the Sabbath.'’ j The constitution being adopted, and the signatures iof those present desirous of becoming members having been obtained, the meeting adjourned, subject t< a call of the chairman. Raymond V t o.N Circus and Menagerie. This celebrated company has arrived in Town and 1 will exhibit on Monday, (day and night.) Their en trance into the city was imposing, and attracted much notice. Their performances and exhibition are said to be capital. New Boot Leather. Mr. .J, W. Benedict, of Galveston, it is said, has manu factured beautiful boots out of aligator’s skins. They resemble tlie finest calf-skin and are mottled like tortoise shell. Murder. Mr. W. S. Irby, of Alabama, whipped a negro man |to death, not long since, and was immediately ar | rested and hound over to court, in a bond of SSOOO. j Such outrageous inhumanity should meet the condign punishment the law annexes to the crime. “The Union.” The statement that Harney of the Louisville Demo crat was going to Washington to edit the Union is said to be a fabrication, by a correspondent of the N. Y. Herald; who further states that the paper will con tinue under the sole editorial control of General Arm strong. The Colville Family. We arc indebted to J. W. Pease of this city for a copy of this entertaining work, by the author of “Frank Fairleigh,” &e. The London Quarterly Review pro nounces it “a gem of a household book, worthy to be put in the hands of every youth, and be introduced into every social circle.” Southwestern ‘Circuit. It is reported that Win. 11. Perkins, Esq., of Ran dolph, has been elected Judge of this circuit. Telegraph. A Telegraphic office has been established in Madison, Georgia. Rates of Postage. Ii is not easy, always, to keep in mind the required amount of postage stamps on letters, &c., under the laws now in force. The following convenient table of rates gives the information required at a glance, and we prefe n it to our readers with the suggestion to cut it out and p ii it in some convenient place, to save the trouble of asking rd having to answer questions about it: Letters— Each •: ounce under 3000 miles, prepaid, 3c. ; unpaid, sc. Each i ounce over 3000 miles, prepaid,7c.; unpaid, 10c. All Printed Matter in General—anywhere in the Uni ted States: First three ounces, 10. Each subsequent ounce, le. If not prepaid,double these rates. But— Newspapers and Periodicals—paid quarterly oi vearlyin advance— First three ounces, Jo. Each subsequent ounce, lie. I And if not weighing over H oz., in the State where pub lished, ic. each, and weekly papers in the county where j published, free. j Small Newspapers and Periodicals published monthly or j oftener, and Pamphlets of 16 Octavo pages or less, when sent j in packages weighing at least 8 oz., prepaid, ic. an oz. ! Books —bound or unbound ; weighing not more than : four pounds, may be stmt by mail, for each oz., Under 3000 miles, prepaid, lc. I Unpaid, He ! Over “ “ “ lie. j “ 3c. i All fractions over a single rate are charged as one rate j “ Periodicals,” in the sense used above, are publications I issued once in three months or oftener. Mastodon Cotton. | We learn from the Constitutionalist, that 84 bales | of degenerated Mastodon cotton, from the plantation of i Geo. McCalla, Abbeville Dist., S. C., was sold in the j Augusta market last week fur eleven cents. Gen. Bonham. We learn from the Greenville Patriot , that the Presi dent has conferred upon this gallant soldier and accomplished gentleman the consulship to Liverpool. Brunswick and Florida Railßoad. —Thomas coun ty has subscribed $95,000 to this road. The Watch j man thinks the county may beset down for $2 0,000. New Route to California. News lias been received at New York from California j in nineteen days, via Acapulco, Vera Cruz and New j Orleans. It is said that the Post Master General has j executed a contract for a semi-monthly mail over this route, to go into operation at an early day. The con tractors on this route propose to carry the mail from New Orleans to San Francisco in sixteen days, and ex pect to furnish facilities for carrying passengers across from \ era Cruz to Acapulco in less than four days. Democratic State Convention. j The first Monday in May next is the time designated I by the leading presses in the State for the assembling j of the Alabama State Convention at Montgomery. Gubernatorial Nominations The Democratic Convention in Connecticut has nominated Gov Seymour for re-election. The Wings of Connecticut have nominated lion. Henry Dutton for Governor. The Democrats of Rhode Island have re-nominated Phillip Allen for Governor. The W big State Convention of Ohio have nominated Nelson Ban-eve, as a candidate for Governor, and J. J. Alien for Lieutenant Governor. Monthly Magazine. We have received from D. F. Willeox the March numbers of Harper & Putnam, but at too late an hour to notice them critically. The table of contents for each is unusually rich and attractive. Putnam prom ises an expose of several new and important facts in his April number, touching the claims of Mr. Williams to be a Bourbon. Call at the Book Store and examine the works. News Items. Tho receipts into the Treasury of California during the last fiscal year, were $366,825. Expenditures, $987,849. Excess of expenditures, $621,024. The Assembly have voted to remain in Vallejo the present se*.ion, and the Senate are expected to eoticur. The Snltzbnrgers. We find in the Savannah Courier, the following in- i teresting account of the first settlement of Effingham i county, which will be read with pleasure by nil who take an interest in the antiquities of Georgia— “ The county of Effingham, you are aware, is one among j the earliest inhabited portions of Georgia. It was original- ! iy settled by the Saitzburgers, whose persecutions in their own country induced the Trustees of Georgia to offer to them in 1732 an asylum in America, where they worship God “according to the dictates of their own con science.” The necessary arrangements having been completed, the emigrants, numbering 78 persons, lett their homes, ac companied by their ministers, the Rev. John Martin BoL lu:s and the Rev. Israel Christian Grouaw, and after ex periencing much opposition iu the countries through which they passed, arrived at Dover, in England,on the 21st of December, 1733. Here they were visited by the Trustees, who bestowed upon them cv< rv attention in their power. From Dover they sailed for America, and j after a perilous voyage of 104 days arrived at Charleston, I South Carolina, in March, 1734. A few days afterwards they reached Savannah. From a manuscript which a j citizen of this county lias placed iu my possession l make tlie following extract: “General Oglethorpe informed Baron Yon Reck, who conducted the expedition, that his people might exercise I their own choice in regard to their location ; they express ed a desire to he removed to some distance from the sea where the scenery was diversified, with hill and dale, and where they might be supplied with springs of water. To carryout their views Gen. Oglethorpe, in company with several gentlemen and some Indians, made a tour of ob servation in that part of the country, now known as the county of Effingham. About thirty miles from Savannah they discovered a place which it was supposed would meet the wishes of the emigrants. With this selection the Saitzburgers expressed themselves highly gratified, and in a few weeks after the whole body went to their .new home, which they called Ebenezer.” School Association of Muscogee County. This association was organized on Saturday, February 26th, by calling the Rev. Thos, B. Slade to the chair. The chairman stated the object of the association ; its importance and design ; the interest that should be exhibited in its maintenance, and its alliance with Chris tian philanthropy. The blessings of an All-Ruling Providence were then implored by the Rev. C. B. King. The Rev. Mr. Scott then offered a resolution ap proving of the formation of said society. Before the adoption of the resolution, he prefaced with a few re marks exhibiting tiie advantages derivable from pre- scuting to the public, from time to time, the claims of education ; the relative position and duty of the teacher; the responsibilities that rested upon him, and the con fidence and respect of the patron necessary to a proper discharge of duty in the improvement of the intellectual and moral training of the young. Ik* was earnest and impressive in his remarks, evincing that he was heartily engaged in the work, and that the mental elevation of all classes was his object. Supported by such a coun sellor and aided Sy such a co-operator, the work that has begun must, and will, go on to completion. A con stitution for the government of the School Associat on was then adopted. A committee was then appointed by the chair to j nominate officers at a meeting to behold on March 12th, to preside over the association. At the solicitation of the members, the chairman was prevailed upon to deliver an educational address at 10 o’clock, on March 12th, at Presbyterian Lecture Room. The object of this association, as shown forth in the constitution, “is the advancement of general education in this county. At each meeting, two addresses or lec tures will be delivered by persons previously appointed lor that purpose ; one upon the subject of education gen erally—and one upon some subject more immediately connected with schools in their practical character and conduct. The latter class of subjects will be open for discussion. Any person co-operating with the associa tion in promoting its object, may become a member by subscribing the constitution. ’’ An object so laudable, and of such utility and advan tage, ought to meet with the hearty approval of every person who values an education, or desires to see others enjoy what he so highly values. Let then the friends favorable to the onwaid progress of this association meet at the Presbyteriau Lecture Room, on Saturday, 12th March, at 11 o’clock, and uniting as one man, in a pur pose so highly commendable —so philanthropic—go for ward to the attainment of our object, the elevation of the mental condition of the people. WILLIAM F. PLANE Secretary. General Fierce—The New Cabinet, The corespondent of the Mercury says : The President Elect still keeps ‘‘shady” at his rooms at Willard’s, receiving only ft few of the multitudinous visitors who besiege him. 11 is table is covered with cards by the bushel, and the sturdy little Sergeant, who acts as his confidential bodyguard of one, bus his hands full with announcement'). 1 hose who have seen and conversed with him, are fully satisfied that in his case the personal presence docs not contradict the previous impressions form ed. He looks thin and earewon, as though the shadows of hislate heavy affliction were still resting on hfcsoul. But he is calm and collected, and does not allow his private grief to interfere with his public duties. He expresses him self most decidedly as to his purpose of adhering to the cast of the Cabinet already made in his own mind. What that cast is. nobody but himself positively knows, not even Marcy, who is supposed to be very knowing. A shrewd guess, however, is made that the Cabinet offered to the Senate on the 4th of March, may stand thus : For State—Cushing of Massachusetts. Treasury—Marcy of New York. \\ ar—Jeff. Davis of Mississippi. Navy—Dobbin of North Carolina. Interior—Guthrie ot Kentucky. Attorney General—Campbell of Pennsylvania. Post Office—McClelland of Michigan. Tli:s is not certain but is probable, people say. With re ference to Jeff’. Davis, the impression now is, lie will be hear to-day or to-morrow. But at all events, we are cer tain of one straight-out State Rights Republican in that Cabinet, —and that man is Frank Pierce. Opinions of the Press. Soil of the South.—This fine agricultural journal for Feb. has leached us,'and in a hasty ex animation we find its pages filled with matter of in terest and importance to the cultivator of the soil in southern climes. The farmer throughout the land should be supplied with a copy of it, for here he will find the experience of long years laid down to guide him in all his operations. The terms are one dollar for a single copy one year, j Address T. Lomax & Cos., at Columbus Ga. [Ch. Telegraph. Soil of the South.—Tne February number of this valuable book has been received. It contains j a variety of interesting articles ; ant ing them we j notice the premium essay read at the last annual j Fair of the Southern Central Agricultural Associa tion, on the subject of the Cotton plant, and writ ten by the Editor, Col. James M. Chambers.— Col. Chambers is a practical farmer; he has been engaged in the cultivation of the soil for a number of years, and is among the most successful plan ters of his section. The book should be in the hand of every planter, and after one year’s reading it, no one engaged in that business would feel wil ling to do without it. It is published very handsomely by Messrs. Lo max & Ellis, in Columbus, Ga., at SI per year in advance. Besides its agricultural merits, Mr. Charles A Peabody, the most skillful and scientific horticul turist in the South, is connected with it, and in that department makes it the most valuable book ! published in Georgia.— Central Georgian. The Southern School Journal. Opinions rs the Press. The Southern School Journal is the title of j anew monthly paper just started in Columbus, Ga., j and devoted entirely to the cause of gene v a! edu- j cation. It is edited by the Rev. Thomas F. Scott, well known as an able divine and accomplished scholar Pries $1 per anaum.— Sac. Repullican. Southeun School Journal. —The first number ! of this new monthly is upon our table, well filled with pract cal suggestions and sensible remark!, and io a form acceptable to the reader. The Juur • I naVs object and aim is, to awaken a deeper feeling j of interest in the cause of education, to aid in a more general diffusion of its blessings over our State, and to discuss all topics, schemes, and plans, having for their end the furtherance of education. We hope it will meet with favor a 1 the hands of trie people of Georgia, and if well sustained, we judge from the specimen before us, that it will be an ef ficient worker in the noble cause which it lias es poused. Published monthly in Columbus, Ga., at )§1 per annum —edited by the Rev. Thomas F. j Scott.— Sar. Evening Journal. Three Days Later frem Europe. ARRIVAL OK THE HUMBOLDT. Private dispatches leceived yesterday afternoon, i announce the arrival at New York, of the Ameri can steamship Humboldt, from Havre, with J iv pool dates to the 15tii ult., three days later than previous accounts. The dispatches state that the Liverpool market was dull, with a decline of one sixteenth of a penny, and that the market closed film. Further by the Humboldt. Political. — England. —In the British Parlia ment. Lord John Russell staled that the Govern ment was perfectly satisfied that Napoleon had no hostile intentions against England. France. —On the 4th ult., the Emperor, in per son, in an address to the French Chambers, said that he had determined upon a reduction of the Army, that it was his intention to cultivate a good understanding with foieign powers,'and to convince the incredulous that when France expressed her intentions to remain at peace, she must be believed. The speech produced a good effect on the Bourse, causing a rise in the funds. Italy is all quiet. Accounts from Milan report that the recent outbreak was a small affair. The ringleaders were hanged, and martial law was rig orously enforced. Loss of the Steamer Queen Victoria. —The steamer Queen Victoria was wrecked on the coast of Ireland, and fifty persons drowned. The Europa arrived at Liverpool on the 13ih, and her news touching the extent of the crop had a depressing effect on cotton. On the 14th the mar ket was dull, with sales of 5,000 bales, at a decline ofl-16d. On the 15th the market was firmer, with sales of 500 bales. Wright and Gandy quote cotton 1-8 lower, but admit that it rallied to 1-161. Other circulars give a decline of l-Bd. in middling and lower qualities, without any change in other descriptions. Corruption iu New York. The grand jury of the city of New York have found true bills against Aldermen Bard and Smith, of the New York City Council, who are charged with levying black mail. The jury also discovered that a majority of the Aldermen were guilty of corrupt legislation in the city improvements, and of a waste of the public money.— Bribery and corruption prevailed to a great extent. The greatest sensation hr* been created by these de velopments. The steamships Falcon and Pampero have arrived at New Orleans from Aspinwall and Sun Juan.— They bring us later news from California. Busi ness on the Isthmus is very good. There is n con siderable number of buildings in progress, which are yet unfinished for want of timber. The Pana ma Railroad is progressing very rapidly. A bill is before the New York Senate appropriating SSO to defray the expenses of each colored inhabitant of that State above ten years of age, or $25 if below that age, who may voluntarily emigrate to Liberia. New Jersey Legislature.—Trenton, Feb. 23.—The prohibitory liquor law was defeated to-day by a vote of 9 to 45. The Air Line Railroad bill wag also lost, it re ceived 22 votes—3l being necessary to pass a bill. Temperance Movement in Pennsylvania. —Harris- burg, Feb. 24. —A convention in favor of a prohibitory liquor law was held here to-day, and arrangements were made for thoroughly canvassing the State, for which SIO,OOO were appropriated. Re-Nomination of Gov. Seymour.—Hartford, Feb. 23d.-Tlie Democratic State Convention of Connecticut to day re-nominated Thos. H. Seymour for re-election as Governor. Gen. Pierce dined with President Fillmore on Friday evening. Gen. Scott called on Gen. Pierce in the morn ing of tin* same day, but the latter had gone to the caloric ship. The Small Silver Coin.—The bill for the coinage of small silver coin, ot a reduced rate, has been approved by the President. It goes into operation on the Ist of June next. Chevalier Ilulsemann presented his credentials to the Secretary of Suite on Saturday last, and was received as the Charge d’Affaires of his Majesty the Emperor of Aus tria to the Government ot the United States. Ihe Hon. Jefferson Davis left New Orleans on Friday, en route for Washington. Mormon Missionaries are at work among the Chero kees. The suspension of Commodore Ap. Oatesty Jones from the naval service was rescinded,jit is said, on Tues day. Mr. Calhoun and his Writings.—Messrs. D. Appleton & Cos., publishers. New Vork, advertise the first volume of the works of the late John C. Calhoun. Soil of the South.—No farmer ought to be without an agricultural paper. Some do get along j so, but they would do a great deal better with one. I The Soil, of the South would enable them to save its cost twenty times over. The editorial articles i on “'ork for he mouth are invaluable. Published by Lomax &. Ellis, at Columbus, Ga. T-rms fikl a year in advance.— Mar it t a Advocate. ! ffbe homestead bill got its quietus in the Senate on Fri - j day by a decided majority. I There are applications for the incorporation of fourteen | millions of New Banking capital, before the Legislature i of Massachusetts. Tbe International Copyright Treaty has been signed, j it is said, and will immediately be sent to the U. S I Senate. I The Legislature of Virginia has appointed a committee | to settle the question respecting the boundaries between i that State and Maryland. Col. Joseph riekens, youngest son of Geu. Andrew j Pickens, of Revolutionary memory in South Caroliua, | died at Eutaw, Ala., on the 4th ult. In England, a Mr. Edwin Bates liaa invented a rail -1 way break that will stop a train, going at twenty mites i speed, within a distance of eighteen feet. 1’ ifty thousand dollars worth of propel ty was consumed by fire at Little Rock, Arkansas, on the 3d ult. Among the buildings destroyed was the Post Office, with its eon tsuts.