Newspaper Page Text
By B. ELLIS & CO.
Volume XVIII.
Cimts mv) Btntmd.
THE TRI-WEEKLY TIMES & SENTINEL
is published every TUESDAY* THURSDAY and
SATURDAY EVENING,
THE WEEKLY TIMES & SENTINEL
Is published every TUESDAY MORNING.
Office on Randolph Street, opposite the P. O,
TERMS:
‘TRI-WEEKLY, Five Dollars per aunum, in advance.
WEEKLY, Two Dollars per annum,in advance.
E3F” Advertisements conspicuously inserted at One Dol
lar per square, for the first insertion, and Fifty Cents for
every subsequent insertion
A liberal deduction will be made for yearly advertise
ments.
Sales of Land and Negroes, by Adminisirators, Execu
tors and Guardians, are required by law to be held on the
first Tuesday in the mouth, between the hours of ten in
forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the Court House in
the county in which the property is situate. Nostices ot
these sales mu :t be given in a public gazette tony days
previous to the day of sale.
Notice for the sale of Personal property must be given at
least ten days previous to the day of sale.
Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an Estate must be
published forty days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court of Or
dinary for leave to sell Lana or Negroes, must be published
weekly for two months.
Citations for Letters of Administration must be published
thirty days—for Dismiesion from Administration, momnly
six months—for Dismission from Guardianship,forty days.
Rules tor Foreclosure of Mortgage must be published
monthly for four months—for establishing lost papers lor
the lull space ot three months—for compelling titles from
Exocutors or Administrators, where a bond has been giv
3ii by the deceased, the full space ol three months.
Publications will always be continued according to
these, the legal requirements, unless otherwise ordered.
BUSINESS CARDS.
PRINTING AND BOOS BINDING.
HAVING connected with our Printing Office, a full
and completeassortment of Book Binder’s toolsand
tock,and also added to our Printing materials, we arenow
prepared to execute,in good style and with despatch,every
kind of work in either branch of the business, on the best
terms.
BLANK tVORK, of every description, with or with
out printing, made to order, in the neatest manner.
WARE HOUSE PRINTING, Receipts, Drafts,
Notes, Bills of Lading, &c., &c., executed neatly and
promptly, and bound in any desired style.
RAILROAD AND STEAMBOAT BLANKS,
oiall kinds got up,with accuracy and dispatch.
Bill Heads, Cards, Circulars, Hand Bills.
Pasters, Programmes, &c.,&c.,printadin theshox
est notice and in the best stylo.
Magazine and Pamphlets put up in every style of
binding.
Bookso all kindsrebound strongly and neatly.
LOMAX .V ELLIS.
Columbus,Apr il IS l&M
B.Y. MARTIN. J. J. MARTIN.
MARTIN &
Attorneys at Law,
eexurnurrs, ga.
Office on Broad Street—OverGuuby &'Daniel.
Columbus, Jan.‘J, 1857. w&twlv.
IIAUILTOA A: PL,AWE,
Attorneys and Counsellors at Law,
CO jUMBUS, ga.
THE above firm have renewed their Copartnership, and
will devote the most assiduous attention to the pro
fession in the counties ot‘ Muscogee, Harris, Talbot and
Chattahoochee,in this State,and in Russell county, Ala.
Office, front room over E. Barnard’s Store.
January 28,1857. w&twtf.
M. B. WELLBOR j; JERE . N. WILLIAMS.
WELLBORN & WILLIAMS,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Clayton, Alabama.
WILL give prompt attention to the collection of all claims
entrusted totheircare in Barbour county. Let 4 wtwtim
MARION BETIIUNE,
attorney at law,
TALBOTTOJT, Talbot County, Ga.
October 24th, 1856. wtwtf.
W. S. JOHNSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
C U S S E T A,
Chattahoochee County, Ga.
Gives his entire attentionto the practice in Chattahoochee
adjoining counties. apiJG—wtwly*
BAUGH & SLADE,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA.
WILL practicelaw In Muscogeeantl thcadjoinimcountlea
of Georgia and Alabama.
or Office over Bank of Columbus, Broad Street.
ROBERT BAITOII. J. J • SLADE.
Columbus. Ga. March 27 1857. wtwtf
MOBLEY & FARLEY,
ATTORNEYS A T LA W,
HAMILTON, GEORGIA.
Hamilton, Geo. Feb. 4, 1858. wtwy *
GRICE & WALLACE,
MTOBEHTffS AiT
BUTLER, GEORGIA.
WILL give prompt attention all business entrustedj'to
then).
W L GRICE. VVM.B. WALLACE.
December l —wtf
W. A. BYRD,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CUTHHERT —Randolph County, Ga.
WILL practice n the Pataulaand Southwestern Circuits
All business entrusted to his care will received promp
Itention. inayl9—wly.
WM. M. CHAMBERS. WM. M. BOBBINS. J. A. ROBBINS.
Chambers, Robbins & Robbins,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
EUFAULA, ALABAMA.
WILL nractice in the counties of Barbour, Pike, Henry
Coffee, Pike, Dale and Russell. feb I—wly
WILLIAM GORDON,
A TTOR A EY AT LA W
NEWTON, ALA.
IVILL attend promptly to all business confided to his
’* care in the counties of Dale, Henry, Coffee and Pike.
February 27,1858—w6m.
otdmas w.
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
PRESTON, Webster Coantjr, Ga.
WILL practice in'the counties of Clay,Chattahoochee,
Webster, Early, Randolph, Stewart and Sumter.
Particnlar attention given to collecting and remitting.
January 27,1857 —wtf.
T J, GUN N,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
HAMILTON, GA.
WILL attend promptly to all busineess entrusted to him
January 26,1858—w1y.
ELAM & OLIVER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
BUENA VISTA,
MARION COUNTY, GA.
WlLLpracticeinthecountie9of Marion, Macon, Stewart
Taylor, Chattahoochee, Kinchaioonee, and any of the
mavberequired.
WH. D. ELAM. THADEUB OLIVER.
November 10. wtf
REDDING & SMITH,
Attorneys at Law,
PRESTOS, WEBSTER COUNTY, GA.
rS’-Wiil practice in PataulaCircuit and adjoining counties.
L. it. REDDING. A. J. SMITH.
Pres.cr, February 1858—wtim,
s.s. STAFFORD,
ATTORNEY AT LAV,
BLAKELY,EARLY COUNTY. GA.
apg wtf.
RA.IFORD & BURTS,
ATTOB.3CBXS AT JAW:
CU S BE T A,
Chattahooche Comity, Ga.
Will practice iu Chattahoochee and adjoining counties
and give prompt attention to the collecting ot all cairns
entrusted to their care. ?P ri r, 3 ,77w,1?’
E. G. RAIFORD. DUNCAN 11. BURIS.
R. A. TURNIPSEED,
A TTORNE Y AT LA W ,
CUTUBERT,
Randolph [County, Ga.
HAVING removed from Cusseta, to Cuthbert Ran
dolph county, will give prompt attention to all busi
ness entrusted to his care. ap2< wffi
PARKER & PARKER,
ATTORNEYS A T LA W ,
COLQUITT.
Miller Comity, Georgia.
WILL give their entire attention to the practice in Bouth
iV western Georgia; will also give prompt atteutton to the
collection of all claims entrusted to their care inthe ‘o I lowing
counties: Baker,Calhoun,Olay, Decatur, Dougherty, Early,
Lee,Miller, Mitchell. Randolph, Terrell and Worth.
February I, 1658- wtf.
• BED-STEADS.
A LARGE lot of very neat low post Bedsteads, as low
as $4,00. Forsaleby J. H. SIKES,
Columbus, March 4. 36 Broad Street
jggagfr J. FOGLE & SON,
dentists,
Office on Randolph Street,near Broad, Columbus,Ca
Columbus, May 9,1867. wtwtt
WM. F. LEE, D. D. S.
SURGEON.
OFFICE corner of Broad and Randolph Streets,
Columbus, Georgia.
December 17,1856—w&twtf
Bacon! Bacon!
WK lave now onhand and willbe conltant.y receiving.
Prime Tennessee Bacon-Hams, Bides mild Shoulders,
which wo will sell at the lowest Commission Houseprices.
Mar2—w&twtf E. BARNARD fc CO.
TO THOSE INDEBTED.
lire hereby give notice that all claims due us, and not paid
VV or satis actoriiy arranged, prior to the next return day
of the respective counties in which tho parties reside, will be
sued. None shall be slighted. .
mar2o—wtwtf. E. BARNARD & CO.
j CO-PARTNERSHIP.
TIIE undersigned have this day associated themselves
together under the name and style of
AYER & GRAY,
Auction & Commission Merchants,
and respectfully solicit a share of business —pledging them
selves to a faithful discharge of all business committed to
their care.
Liberal advances made on consignments.
A. K. AYER,
RICHARD M. GRAY.
Columbus, Jan, 1, 1857. jan6wtwly
FOR SALK.
- . lam now offering for sale one of the most desirable
residences in or n*ar Columbus. It Je situated just
outside ofthe East Common, near the residence of
jkJkJLMaj. John H.Howard. The lot contains six acres.
For further particulars, apply to me at Upatoie,or Charly.J
Wiliiamsat Columbus.
June 20 —twtf C. B. HOWARD.
DISSOLUTION.
THE copartnership heretofoie existing under the name and
style of MARCUS & RAGLAND was thisday dissolved
by mutual consent. Van Marcus will continue the same bu
siness at the old Stand, and will attend to all settlements of
the late Arm. april I, 18*58—twtf
THE LIVES
unratMUMrom
PREPARED BY
DR. SANDF OR D,
COMPOUNDED ENTIRELY FROM GUMS.
IS one of thebest Purgative and fLiver Medicine now before
the public, that acts as a Cathartic, easier, milder, and
more effectual than any other medicine known. It is not on
ly a catharlic, but a Liver Remedy, acting first on the Liver
to eject it s*m or bid matter, then on the Stomach amt Bowels
to carry off tlie Imatter, thus accomplishing two purposes ef
fectually, without any of the painful feelings experienced in
the operation of most ’Chathartics. It strengthens the system
at the same time that it purges it; and when taken daily in
moderate doses, will strengthen and build up with unusual
rapidity.
The*Liveris one of the fr/V principal regulators of the
human {body; and when performs its functions well,
the powers ofthe system fully developed.Thestomach
is almost eniirely dependent (on the healthy action ofthe
Liver forthe proper ipeform-j ii lance of its functions,wbenthe
stomach is at faulttheDoweUjGr, Jare at fault, and the whole
system suffersin consequence of one organ—the Liver—
having ceased |to doits duty (U; For t the disease of that or
gan.onejof the <proprietor;r\ w / >.haß made it his study, in a
practice of more than (years, to find some remedy
wherewith to counteracttbcj many derangementsto which
it is liable.
To prove that this ‘remedy it} # at last found any persontrou
bled with Liver Com-! (plaint, in any of its forms,
has but to try a,bottle, audj conviction is certain.
These gums remove “alf * morbid or bad matter fiom
the system,supplying in their (place a healthy flow of bile,
invigorating the Stomach. > ‘>]{ causing food to digest well,
purifying tiie blood, jjgiving tone andhealth to the
wholemachinery, removing) cause ol the disease.—
effecting a radical cure.
Bilious attacks artj, .Jcured, and, what is
Better,‘prevented, b)( occasional use ofthe
Liver Invigorator. j, L
One dose after eating issuf-|M(flcient to relieve the stomach
and prevent ‘ihe food from! and souring.
Only onedose taken before! jretiring, prevents Night
mare. ii t!
Only one dose taken atjrjlj night, loosens the bowels
gently, and cures Cos-( k jtiveness.
Olio Jose taken after eactf ‘meal willcure Dyspepsia
dose, of two tea-( (spoonsful will always relieve
Sick Headache. ) (
One dose taken for fe- jmale obstruction remove the
cause Tof the disease, and):. Imakesa per ect cure.
Only onedose immediately sryr) relieves cholic, while
One dose often repeated is( £-\ J a sure cure for Cholera
Morbns,andapreventaiiv<f jtof Cholera.
Only one bottle (needed to thiow out ofthe
system the’effects of medi-j, j (cine after a long sickness.
£3f"One bottle taken fori (Jaundice removes ail sal
lowness or unnatural color) from the skin.
One dose taken a shorn yjjtime before eatiDg {gives vi
gor to the appetiieandmaken food digest well.
One dose often repeated? Chronic Diar
rhoea, in its worst forms, j while SUM Jtf EE and
Bowel complaints yield) to the first’dose.
One or two doses cures Jtacks caused by Worrasin
Children: there is no surer,) safer, or speedier remedy in
the world, as itfnever falls.)
A few bottles cures! J; Dropsy, by exciting the
absorbants. j ‘J (
We take pleasure in recom * mending this medicine as a
preventive for Ague, Chill, Fever,
and all Fevers of a Type, It operates
witbeertainty,and thousandsj ;are willing to testify to its
wonderful virtues. ). :
All who use it are giving their unanimous testimony in its
favor. ,
Mix water in the mouth with the Invigorator and swallow
both together.
THE LIVER INVIGORATOR,
Is a scientific Medical Discovery, and is daily working cures
almesttoo great for belief. It cures asifby magic, even the
first dose giving benefit, and seldom more than one bottle is
required to cure any kind of Liver Complaint, from the worst
jaundiceor dyspepsia to a’ common headache, allot which are
the result ot a diseased liver.
Price Ono Dollar per Bottle.
SANFORD & CO. Proprietors, 345 Broadway,New York.
WHOLIESAI> 1C AO ENTS.
Barnes & Park New York; T. W. Doytt & Sons, Philadel
phia; M. S. Burr 4- Cos. Boston; fH. H. Hay & Cos. Portland;
John D. Park, Cincinnati; Gaylard fc Hammond, Cleveland;
Fahnstock U ’Davis Chicago; O.J. Wood fe. Cos. St. Louis
Geo.H. Keyser,Pittsburg; B.S, Hance, Baltimore. Andre
tailed by all Druggists.
Sold Wholesale and Retail by
J. S. PEMBERTON & CO.,
BROOKS & CHAPMAN,
DAN FORTH H NAGEL,
May2o—witwly and all Drugggists.
“the union of the states and the sovereignty of the states.”
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 6, 1858.
U. S. PUBLIC PRINTING, ETC.
Mr. George Taylor, from the Select Committee
on Printing, made the following— Report
The Select Comtnitte appointed under the resolu
tion of the House of Representatives of Decem
ber 9, 1857, to examine into the laws in relation
to the printing for the House of Representatives,
the prices paid therefor, and the duties of the
public printer; and which was further directed,
by resolution ofDecember 18, 1857, to inquire
into the prices paid for the binding ot Congress,
and the laws regulating the same, and into the
prices paid for engraving, and for the paper
used for the printing of Congress, and for the
publication and binding of the Congressional
Globe; and which was further instructed, by reso
lution of January 19, 1858, to examine into and
report to the House what change, if any, is re
quired in the existing laws providing for and
governing the public printing connected with the
Executive Departments or Bureaus, beg leave to
make the following report:
It became necessary to the committee, in order
properly to discharge the duty assigned them,
critically to examine, in connection with “the laws
in relation to the priming ofthe House,” the man
ner in which the printing, binding and engraving of
Congress is at pressnt done, and ascertain its char
acter, whether efficient and economical or the re
verse, with the general managemeut of those great
interests; and, if possible, to devise a system by
which the public work in those several depart
ments can be done in a way to obviate any defects
which might be found at present to exist.
Under the existing laws, the Senate and House
of Representatives for each Congress elects, each
respectively, a public printer to do the printing of
each at certain established rates of compensation.
Each house has its binding executed under the di
rection of a committee on printing; and for each
Congress there is appointed by the President, with
the advice and consent ofthe Senate, a superinten
dent of public printing, who, very much in the ca
pacity of a steward of Congress, acts on its behalf
in purchasing paper, delivering the same to the
public printer, and keeping an account thereof; in
receiving from Congress the manuscripts and other
matter ordered to be printed; delivering the same,
to the printer or engraver; in receiving the same,
when executed, from those parties and from the
public binders; inspecting work dor.e, and in cer
tifying the accounts therefor. How under these
arrangements,have the printing, binding, engrav
ing. &c„ ot Congress and the Executive Depart
ment been done’ Have they been done well, and
with a just economy ? And are the established
rates for printing and binding either higher or low
er than the public interests require ? These ques
tions ‘will be best answered by a statement of
tacts.
PUBLIC PRINTERS.
The public ‘printer elected by the 33d Congress,
and the public printer ofthe Senate for the 34th
Congress, respectively, contracted with a third
party to do the required work, reserving to them
selves a large per centage, which was as a nett
reward or profit for simply taking, under the name
of public printer, the printing ofCongress, and sub
letting it to another who did, and is still doing the
work for them. The public printer elected by the
House for the 34th Congress, did the required House
printing himself; and, in addition, as sub-contractor
under the Senate printer, did the work ofthe Sen
ate for that Congress, ns he did all of the printing
for the public printer ofthe 33d Congress; and he
is now doing the work for the public printers of
the Senate and House of the present Congress.—
The same party is printing the post office blanks as
a sub-eontraotoi under the gentlemen having that
work to do.
The per centage paid by the s üb-contractor re
ferred to, to the various public printers designated
—emoluments of their mere sinecure offices-amoun
ted to more than $21,000 during the month of
January last, and will average nearly $20,000 per
month. This includes no allowance of per-centage
upon the House printing for the 34th Congress;
the sub-contractor mentioned, as public printer of
that body, did the work himself, and thus was
saved payment for privilege. The gross amount
thus paid, as a per centage or bonusjfor the privi
lege of doing the work, by the sub contractor to
the government officials, varies but little from $240-
000 per year; at the same time he realizes, over
and above that large profit, a handsome reserve
profit for himself.
The printing for neither the 32d nor the 34th
Congress is yet completed, but is still in course of
execution ; therefore, the aggregate of per centage
named as being paid by the sub-contractor to the
officials is the per centage on that printing, on the
printing for the present Congress, and for the prin
ting of post office blanks, which is seperate from
the congressional printing, and amounts to nearly
$50,00 per annum
THE PUBLIC BINDING.
In the matter of the binding of Congress and of
the departments a similar state of facts has been
found to exist. The House binding for the thirty
fourth Congress may be taken as a fair illustration
of tiie manner in which that work generally lias
been done. That binding was contracted to be
done at 22 percent, less than former prices.
The gentleman who secured that contract from
the House Committee on Printing sold the con
tract, or re-let the work to be done to a party in
this city for the consideration of 20 per cent, on the
gross amount of binding done, and this sub-con
tractor again sub-let his contract to another or third
party in this city for the ’consideration of one.half
of the profits on the work done, after the deduction
of the 20 per cent., which was reserved to the pub
lic binder or original contractor. Upon information
which your committee are not disposed to question,
is believed that the 20 per cent, reserved to the
public binder has already amounted to $33,000,
and that the second or sub contractor has received
a very considerable sum out of profits which have
been made on the work after the payment of the 20
per cent• to the original contractor. And it is but
simple justice to the third party, or second sub
contractor, who did tiie w’ork, to add, that he has
been so well satisfied with the residium of the
profits, the one-half remaining after the payment of
the 20 per cent , that he has felt it his duty to do the
work in a better manner than much of that here
tofore done for Congress.
This particular illustration has been selected, not
with a view to find fault with the first contracting
party, but as aptly showing the general practice of
parties assuming to do the public work, who obtain
contracts and then use mechanics to execute them
under a reserve from the actual operatives of a
large per centage, as profit to themselves.
Tho binding ofthe Senate for the 34th Congress
was given to a gentleman ot this city at rates ten
per cent, higher than the prices allowed for the
House binding for that Congress. Under the cir
cumstances, and after what has been said relative
to the profits made by the various parties interes
ted in the House binding, it would be useless to in
quire into the exact gross profits of the Senate bin
der, who your committee believe is not a practical
mechanic in tho business into which his contract
led him. The binding of the Senate for that Con
gress, already paid for, amounts to about $150,000,
and much yet remains to he done.
The gross amount of binding for the 33d Con
gress is $538,458 59, that for the 34th Congress,
$384,686 17.
In additiont to congressional works, there is a
large amount of binding annually done for tiie dif
ferent executive departments and bureaus. The
prices paid in the departments and bureaus are
much higher, in comparison, than those established
by Congress. The binding done for the depart
ments and bureaus is of a different character, and
it is done without any contract, and with little or no
regard to economy. The cost of the blank books
used annually in the departments is large, and
in almost every instance the prices paid for them
are from thirty to fifty per cent, more titan such
books can be procured for. There is no competi
tion for this work, and no general contract is made
for its execution. It is a grand monopoly for a
few individuals, who leap therefrom enormous
profits.
The following letter which your committee re
ceived from Air. Hein, disbursing agent in the
Coast Survey office, bears directly on this point:
Coast Sunvey Office,
Fehr uaay 2, 1858.
Sir : I enclose copies of the accounts paid by me
during the year 1857, for blank books, binding,
printing blanks and formulae, amounting to
$1,066 10.
The work was done by Mr. H. P. Lewis, and Mr.
George S. Gideon, in Washington, and given to
those gentlemen by direction f < -txi the Treasury
Department to that effect.
Finding that some kinds ofb'Ank books could be
procured from Baltimore, of much better quality
and lower prices than here I ordered some front
Messrs. Alurphy & Cos. Their accounts show
that their prices for better work are from 25 to 50
per cent, lower than is paid here for similar work ;
but on complaint being made by the book-binders
in Washington, no further orders have been given
to Baltimore.
No contract has been entered into for the blank
books and printing of formulae. They are fre
quently changed, and only such quantities are
ordered from time to time as are necessarily re
quired.
The expense for binding, &c., has beea paid out
ofthe Coast Survey appropriation, being consid
ered a contingent expenditure for that work.
Yours, respectively,
SAAIUEL HEIN,
Disbursing Agent Coast Survey.
Prof. A. D. Bache,
Superintendent Coast Surrey, Washington, D. C.
The manner in which the binding is done lor
the Department of the Interior furnishes a fair il
lustration of the general plan adopted by the depart
ments, with exception ofthe Treasury Department
in which a private binder is employed at $lB per
week, assisted by a boy at sls per week. Aitich
of the binding of that department is done in this
way at a saving of from thirty to fifty per cent, on
the entire amount. The binding in the Department
of the Interior is very fully described iu a letter
received by the committee from the Secretary, the
Hon. Jacob Thompson, from which liberty is taken
to extract the following:
“No contract or agreement has been made or
entered into by this department on account of
binding or printing for the present year. Such
work is ordered from time to time as required, and
is paid for according to rates established by the
Superintendent of Printing during the few months
the subject was placed under his supervision by
the act of 3d March, 1855.—(Laws U. S’, vol. 10,
p. 653.) Much of it is of such a character that it
must be done in tire building of tho department,
and more than a year tince a room was assigned
to, and fitted up by the proprietor of the ‘Union’
for that class of work. Under these circumstances,
and because the work has been done to our satis
faction, and at prices certified to us to be reasona
ble by the Superintendent of Printing, I have not
been satisfied that the public good would be sub
served by giving it to other parties, although they
have proposed to undertake it for less. Proposi
tions to this effect have been submitted by the fol
lowing gentlemen, viz;
“1. By C. Alexander, under date of 15th July,
1857, who offered to do the work for 33 per cent
less than the rates then allowed.
“2. By C. Alexander, under date of 15th’ Sep
tember, 1857, renewing his previous offer, or it the
department would enter into contract with him to
do its binding, &c.,to 4th Alarch, 1861, at the rates
then allowed, offering to pay into the Treasury of
the United States, for its use, ten thousand dol
lars.
“3. By William Pettibone, under date of the
15th inst., proposing to undertake the work at 20
percent, less than the rates heretofore established,
and now paid. I enclose copies of these proposi
tions.”
The binding done for the Executive departments
and bureaus, including the printed heads in some
instances, for the year 1857. amounted in gross to
the sum of $77,500. This does not include the
work done by the private binder in the Treasury
Department. Owing to the change in our consu
lar system, by which the amount in the State De
partment was greatly increased, the gross amount
above stated is probably more than a fair average.
The average would not fall below $60,000 per
year.
THE ENGRAVING
Tiie engraving for Congress and the depart
ments is done in a manner not dissimilar to that of
the printing and binding. It has been satisfacto
rily ascertained by ihe committee tiiat it can be
done fully thirty-three and one-third percent, less
than it is done at present. The wood engravings
or cuts for the mechanical part of the Patent Office
Reports for 1856 may be taken in illustration of a
general manner. The engravings cost the govern
ment per page of 33J inches, $26 50 for the work
alone, tiie drawing being $5 per page, wood sl,
and tiie electrotyping $2 per page additional. The
original contractor had a large portion of the work
done in New York. He sold his contract to a
second party at a very fair per centage tor his
services as broker, and the second contractor sub
contracted with a third party, the unfortunate ar
tisan who did the work at sl6 per page. The
engraving, wood, drawing .and electrotyping cost
the government $33 50 per page ; but in making
up the 513 pages paid for, they extended to 534
pages, which reduced the average cost to $32 10
per page as made up. The whole ought not to
have cost more than $22 to $25 per page.
The cost of the Arden horses in the agricultural
report for 1856 was $5 per hundred plates, for
those furnished to the House, which, for the 211-
530 copies, cost $10,576 50. This, your commit
tee are advised, was from twenty-five to thirty per
cent, more than a most liberal price for the plates.
As an evidence of this fact, your committee need
only to state that.the same plates were furnished
to the Senate for $3 75 per hundred, although tiie
Senate required|only one-fourth as, many copies.—•
Tiie same remarks may be made respecting the
South Down sheep, and the strawberry plates, each
off which cost the same amount. The cost ofthe four
colored plates, arid the wood euls of birds, &c., in
tiie agricultural report of 1856, for the Senate cop
ies, 56,420, together with the paper on which they
were printed, was $28,000 94. For 211, 530 cop
ies for the House the c05t,5147,199 64.
The largest size of wood cuts in the fifth volume
ofthe Pacific railroad reports of surveys cost the
government $45 each; but your committee are in
formed by responsible and reliable parties that they
ought to have been done for from S2O to $25 each.
The investigations which your committee have
made authorize them to say that a deduction equal
to that so shown to have been possible might and
shonld have been made upon the engravings
generally, with the single exception of that done
on the report of the coast survey officer, which is
at present executed in that office under the di
rection and supervision ot the head of that bureau.
At first, Professor Bache, in conformity with the
general practice, gave out the work by contract;
but finding it done so badly, and at such high rates,
he abandoned the contract s ystern and commenced
having it done under his own immediate supervi
sion by"artisans employed by himself. The results
have fully justified the experiment. His work is
much better done and at far less expense.
The whole amount of the cost of engraving,
lithographing, and electrotyping, for the 33d Con
gress is $829,858 25. For the 34th Congress it is
$351,824 62.
The saving of but twenty per -ent. on these large
amounts, more than which it was possible to have
made, would have left with the government an
aggregate of $237,342 57 ; which sum could have
been used much more profitably in promoting tiie
interests of the meritorious artisan. As it was,
this class was undoubtedly.compelied to do the
work at the smallest price, while the politician and
speculator were paid a premium for their suspi
cious connection with the work.
In order to arrive at the most certain information
upon this subject, a member of your committee for
warded to the firm of \V. H. Arthur & Co.—one
ofthe most prominent and responsible houses in
that business, in connection with blank books and
stationery, in the city of New York—copies of
works containing samples of the engraving, litho
graphing, and electrotyping, referred to, with a re
quest to have the same examined by artists, to
ascertain what similar work could be done for, and
communicate the results to the committee. From
their letter in reply the following extract is made:
“We regret exceedingly that we were not in
possession of the precise points upon which you
desired information, but we presume your inves
tigation thus far has elicited facts which cannot
well fail to satisfy you that a change in the gov
ernment’s method ofhaving its work done is im
peratively demanded.
“We are satisfied from our own knowledge that,
under the present system, government has paid for
some works issued by it prices abundantly suffi
cient to have had the work exocuted in a manner
far superior to what it has been, and yet the arti
san doing the work (being the third or fourth re
move from the real contractor) is generally so
poorly compensated for his labors that he has no
incentive to do his work well.
“With scarcely an exception, the works now ex
hibited have been condemned by many art.sts who
have examined them as being unfit to be issued by
the government; and they account for this by
averring that very frequently the contracts pass
through a number of hands before they reach the
party who finally does the work, and who receives
a price so diluted from the original contract price
that it is possible for him to furnish creditable work
for the compensation given. It is further alleged
that in many cases contracts are awarded to parties
who, although engaged in the business, have
really very little kuowledge of the work which they
undertake to perform, but who, under force of what
appears to be a natural desire to prefer govern
ment to all other work, are constrained to take the
work, at prices which not only do not compensate
them, but degrade and demoralize the trade or
profession to which they belong; and the entertain
ment of this view by our first class artists deters
them front entering into competition with a class
who have much to gain, and little, if anything, to
loose.
“All the points contained in your communication
have been fully laid before all parties desiring in
formation, as also every facility extended to those
desiring to make estimates, even, in one or two
cases, that of allowing them to be taken away from
the store.
“But there was evidently no disposition on the
part of any who had performed any part of the
work to disclose the prices they had received for
it, except in one or two instances, and in those
cases we ascertained the fact that the work had
reached them after passing through three or four
hands, at a price at least one huudred pier cent.—
less than the work was known to have cost the
government. This state of tacts had become so
notorious that but a few months since a large body
of operatives of this city held a public meeting,
first to petition the government to change its mode
of having the work done, and next to refuse to al
low men to work with them who suffered them
selves to be employed on government work taken
by their employers at such ruinously low prices;
and a bouse in this city, heretofore largely engaged
on government work, has resolved to do no more
unless as the original and not as sub-contractor.—
We can readily conceive how the committee can
arrive at the absolute cost ofthe work to govern
ment, but to arrive at the price paid to the various
parties for doing the work or furnishing the mate
rials is not so easily achieved, from the fact of their
unwillingness to disclose the manner of their ob
tabling the work and the terms on which they per
form it.
“The final point contained in your letter, viz:
‘that yon desire to arrive at the best modeot doing
this work, so ns to secure justice both to the gov
ernment and to ‘the parties engaged in the various
branches of business - ’ With these facts and in
formation of the same tenor which you have prob
ably elicited from other sources before you, the
necessity of an utter abandonment of the present
system, and a resort to some better mode, would
seem to be necessary. Government does not re
quire, does not ask for cheap work ; what it re
quires, and what it should insist upon having, is
good work ; and this can only be obtained by deal
ing with the producer directly, and without the
intervention of other parties. Government has its
bureas for the regulation and disposition of affairs
of no greater importance than this subject of the
public printing has become. Remove the disposi
tion of this description of patronage from the con
trol ofJSenate'and House committees, and place it in
charge of a competent person who shall be respon
sible to Congress for the quality and cost of the
work, and who shall be restrained by statute from
receiving bids for any description of work from
persons not actually engaged in the business for
which they present themselves in competition. If
we have indulged in a line of remark which you
may deem uncalled for, we beg you to ascribe it to
our earnast desire to do all in our power to serve
you in your very praiseworthy undertaking of re
forming what we believe to be one of the greatest
abuses existing under our government.”
PAPER FOR THE PRINTING
The paper used by the government is now pro
cured by the Superintendent of Public Printing,
under the provisions ofthe law of 1852. A faith
ful observance of that law would secure the gov
ernment from imposition ; but your committee have
reason to believe that it is not sufficiently guar
ded in its provisions. An examination ofthe pa
per in the public store house has shown that lit
tle attention had been given to the weight and
color ofthe paper furnished under some of the
contracts. When the samples, which the law
requires the superintendent to keep, were deman
ded, it was found that they had been used as
waste paper, or for some other purpose. This,
doubtless, was an over sight in tiie late superin
tendent, as one ofthe clerks informed your com
mittee that the samples were in the office until
about the time of the appointment of your com
mittee, and were then thrown aside, as the con
tracts had been filled. In that particular, your
committee are unanimously of the opinion that
further checks and saleguards are required, both
in the purchase and in the use of the paper for
public printing. The present mode of supply is open
to great abuses, and there are few or no sufficient
checks to correct them.
The gross amount of paper purchased for the
printing of tho 33d Congress was $500,456 21 ;
for the 34th Congress, $510,163 64. In addition,
the paper for the department printing amounted to
a considerable sum—about $161,209 05 during the
period of tiie 34th Congress.
REPORTING CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS.
Your committee was also instructed, by the
resolution ofDecember 18t.h, to inquire into the
cost of the publication of the Congressional Globe.
The proceedings and debates of Congress are pub
lished in the Congressional Globe by Mr. Rives.
He gets $7 50 per column for the reports, which
are published in the form of a daily paper, and
laid on the desks of the members on (the following
day. These proceedings are afterwards made up
in the quarto form, of which Congress orders 11,768
copies, for the use u of the members. There was
formerly paid sixty cents per volume for binding
the same, but now seventy-five cents are paid for
binding, per volume. There are usually six vol
umes to each Congress; four the long and two
for the short session.
In addition to the amount paid per column for
reporting the proceedings, Congress has usually
made an allowance to the reporters; and as a fur
ther evidence of its great liberality, it resolved on
the 18th,day ofAugust, 1856, to give Air. Rives
one cent excess tor every five pages of the Con
gressional Globe and appendix over 3,000 pages,
for the long session, and the same lor all over
1,500 pages, for the short session. This gratuity
amounted to $12,655 39 for the thirty-fourth Cou
gress.
The proprietor of the Congressional Globe has
a further benefit at the public expense. He is
permitted to send his paper, whether in a single
sheet or in bound volumes, by mail without charge
In this singular mail facility there seems to be no
intrinsic propriety.
1 The gross sum paid for the Congressional Globe
f for the 32d Congress, was $176,462 08 ; for the
33d Congress $186,601 94; and for the 34th Con
• gress $204,482 64. This is exclusive of the bind
ing, which amounted to $32,805 28, for the 32d
Congress ,to $52,939, for the 33d; and to $53,939,
for the 34th Congress. Air. Rives now has the
contract for binding, and therefore receives annu
ally, for the Globe about $257,904 28, which is
the gross amount paid for tho 34th Congsess. A
responsible party in this city had offered to sup
ply the Globe, in the same style in which it is now
furnished, at a reduction of $38,000 per annum,
and to give ample security for the fulfilment of his
contract, and out of the remaining profits he ex
pects an ample compensation. This would be
equal to a saving af $76,000 for each Congress.
The attention of your commitee has been called
to an item of printing, in the annual expense of
advertising the mail lettings, in the papers of this
city. Your committee beg leave to submit the
following tabular statements of the cost ofthe prin
ting, binding, paper, and engraving of Congress
and of the departments, and of the amount paid
for the Congressional Globe. Table “A” shows
the cost of the thirty-third Congress , “B,” that of
the thirty-fourth Congress; and “C,” the amount
paid for the Congressional Globe.
H, Rep. Com. 350 2
TABLE “A.”
The total cost of printing, binding, and engraving
for the 33 d Congress.
First Session—Senate §182,407 91
First Session—House 321,516 05
Frist Session—Department 160,000 00
Sesoud Sesssion—Senate 236,627 64
Second Session—House 320,132 44
Second Session—Department... 160,000 00
Add Japan, 2d session, 33d Con
gresss, not included in the an
nual report of Superintendent 239,84 1 30
Cost of Pacific Railroad Report,
including engraving, executed
outside ot tire control of Con
gress, and under the direction
ot the Secretary ot War 1,100,000 00
To complete Gillis’ Report, 4
volumes 65,000 00
Total cost for two years. 33d
Congress 2,786,296 98
Add, paid for Congressional
Globe 186,601 94
Add, paid for binding Congres
sional Globe 52,939 00
Grand total paid for priming, Ag 3 025,837 92
TABLE “B.”
Cost of printing, engraving, and binding fur the
34 tli Congress.
First and second cession—Sen
ate §218,169 40
Firist and second Session —
House 433,130 82
Department, lor the year 175,334 16
Third Session—Senate 249,793 56
Third Session—House 404,314.12
Department, tor the year 162,965 25
To complete Emory’s Report
and Commercial Relations 200,000 00
1,873,707 31
Os this total §535,185 30 is for printing.
671,372 69 is lor paper
335 402 15 is tor engiaving.
331.747 17 is forjiinding
-1,873,707 31
Add amount paid for Globe 204.5C5 28
Add amount paid lor binding
the Globe 52,939 00
Total amount paid 2,13i,611 59
TABLE “C.”
Amount paid for the Congressional Globe.
!32d Cong 33d Cong, 34th Cong.
Reporting proceedings ,$28,995 04 $29,716 95 $27,489 65
24 copies of Globe and i
Appendix for each i
member of the H’s j 51,336 00: 51,624 00: 52,056 00
100 copies for ti Li- ;
brary i 1,000 0O 1,206 00 1,481 60
Excess of 1 cent tor
eyery live pages of,
Globe and Appen-!
dix-fot allover3,ooo
pages for long ses- j
sion and ),suo for, 1
short session ——— : 12,655 39
Additional compensa
tion to reporters.... j 6,900 00| 10,700 OOj 8,800 00
Same amount paid for: 88,231 04: 93,300 97 102M52 64
the Senate j 88.331 04j 93,300 97 102,482 64
1 176,462 OS. 186,001 94 204,965 28
Paid for binding the!
whole number taken;
byAJongress ; 32,805 28; 52,939 00 52,939 00
Total paid lor Globe |
_ and Apendix.2oß.Bos 28 239,510 94| 257,904 28
To these amounts there mnst be added an an
nual sum of about SIOO,OOO, paid, by the Clerk of
the House ofßeresentatives and the Secretary of
the Senate, for stationary, twine, and other arti
cles, used in the folding rooms ol Congress in fold
ing and sending away the public documents, The
following statement will give some idea ofthe work
done in the folding-room of the House: there
were 837,667 ‘ volumes of public documents fol
ded and sent to members during the thirty-fourth
Congress. During the same period there were
5,594,930 speeches folded and sent out. About the
same number of “each was folded in !be folding
room ofthe Senate.
Under the foregoing exhibits your committee
deem it pertinent to state, that the result of their
inquiries in relation thereto has satisfied them
that a saving, (or each Congress referred to, of
abont three-fourths of a million of dollars might
have been effected by a proper system.
From the proceeding facte your committee feel
authorized to say that a very large amount of mon
ey is annually paid to politicians and speculators
through contracts for printing, binding, engraving,
&.c., and that the mode by which the public work
is now done not only presents opportunities for
frauds upon the treasury, but invites and stimu
lates an unnatural competition among parties who
are willing to risk their teputation iu a business
promising such large gains. The injurious effects
of the present plan are twofold. It injures the
private business of the country, as stated in the let
ter ofAlessrs. Arthur &. Cos., it offers a premium
for dishonest speculators, andfenables them* to op
press the honest ami hard working artisan. It
contributes very largely to lower Congress in the
estimation of the public, and thus ithnfliets aserious
wound upon our institutions.
The public printing, binding, &c., together with
everything else except the legitimate legislation of
the country, should be removed from Congress and
beyond congresional influences. The great objects
of legislation, involving the prosperity and dignity
of the nation, are neglected or overlooked in the
pressure of petty details, or in races after congres
sional officials, whose love of precedent leads them
beyond the line of public economy, and sometimes
that of propriety.
To remove these difficulties, and to avoid the
large expense of the present mode of doing the
public printing, your committee recommend the es
tablishment of a Bureau of Public Printing, con
nected with and under the direction of, the De
partment ofthe Interior. In’this way your com
mittee believe that a large amount of money can
be annually saved. Taking the congressional and
department printing and binding and the publica
tion of the proceedings and debates together, we
think that forty per centum on the gross amount,
at least can besaved. This amount, for one year,
on the cost of the usual and necessary work, would
more than pay the entire expense of establishing
the Bureau. But your committee consider this’
annual saving, however important to the treasury,
to be of minor consideration, when compared with
the many advantages and benefits to be gained
by the establishment of a printing Bureau. The
demoralizing effects of the present system of
public plundering would be removed, while it
would relieve Congress from the imputations,
PEYTON H. COLaUITT, ) Edit
JAMES W. WARREN, f iaitors ’
Number 27
just or unjust, which grow out of the elec
tion of’ its printers and binders. It would also
relieve individual members from the importuni
ties of friends interested in the publication of books
by Congress. It is a well known fact that many
ot the expensive but almost useless works recent
ly published were forced upon Congress by par
ties interested in the public printing,
The system your committee recommended has
been tried and adopted by almost every European
nation. Their experience has given entire satis
faction. In .England the work is done by public
printers under the royal charter; and as the par
ties are paid bv Parliament for the work at certain
established rates, their system resembles our pres
ent plan, but it has never given satisfaction. In
1831, Lord Nugent and J. Vernon Smith were ap
pointed a select committee to investigate the sub
ject. Mr. Parks, the sole manager of Air.
Clowes’ great printing establishment, gave it as
his opinion that a saving of one-half might be made
in the expense by the establishmeht of a public
printing office. The committee reported the facts,
but suggested no remedy. From that time to the
present there has been constant complaint, and a
regular succession of select committees, but they
have gained nothing but a reduction in Ihe profits
ol the public printer, which was effected by a res
olution reported by the select committee on the 13th.
of June, 1850.
Trusting in better fruits from the labor of your
committee, they beg to reportfor adoption the ac
companying bill, creating a Bureau in the Depart
ment of the Interior for the execution of the pub
lic printing, binding, engraving, lithographing, and
electrotyping. All of which is respectfully sub
mitted’
English Opinion of Sir. Belly’s Operations in Central
America.
From the City article of the London Times.
The statement from Paris to-day, that a con
cession for the canal to unite the Atlantic and Pa
cific through the territories of Nicaragua and Costa
Rica has been granted to a French Company, is
surprising only from the tact of its apparently not
having become known at New York where the in
fluence over Nicaragua is paramount, and where
there are persons who still claim rights to the route
which, whatever may be their validity, are likely
to be supported lor political purposes. The whole
affair, however, is without practical importance,
since the conditions are never likely to be fuL
filled.
The company are to commence the work in two
yeats, and complete it in six, and the channel is
to be such as to admit two of the largest ships to
pass abreast. The direction moreover, is to be en
tirely French, and the French Government are to
have the exclusive privilege ofkeeping a couple of
ships of war on the waters of ihe-route throughout
the whole period occupied in its construction. A
capital of £10,000,000 or £15,000,000 would not
suffice, and the public can easily judge the pros,
pect of any such amount being raised within the
next 24 mouths on the Paris Bourse.
The scheme originally proposed in London, and
most unfortunately rejected, was for a canal of
much more moderate dimensions or even, in the
first instance,for an ordinary transit, by improving
the navigation of the San Juan, and crossing the
11 miles of hilly land between Lake Nicaragua and
the sea by a railway or other temporary means,
until the success of the enterprise should have en
couraged further expenditure.
The following ‘ declaration” is appended to the
grant made by Costa Rica and Nicaragua to Al.
Belly for the purpose of constructing the ship canal
across the Isthmus, referred to in the proceeding
article :
Declaration against the United States and in favor
of an European Protectorate.
The following is appended :
The supreme chiefs of the two Republics of Nic
aragua and Costa Rica assembled at Rivas, after
having settled the questions which divided the two
Republics, and having re-established peace and the
most complete harmony between them, with a
common accord and. in order to secure the indepen
dence and safety ofthq two countries, as well as
of all the States of Central America.
Considering that a fresh invasion of American
liliitiusters still menaces the independence of Costa
Rica and Nicaragua, in contempt ot all the laws
that protect nations and that guarantee the lives
and properties of citizens in civilized countries :
That this invasion, officially reprobated by the
Government of the United States, is preparing in
reality, under its patronage as the means of definite
ly taking possession of Central America, if Central
America refuse to surrender itself voluntarily to
the United States ;
That hitherto all the official agents of the United
States at Nicaragua have been accomplices and
auxiliaries of the invaders, acting as masters and
audaciously hoisting the flag of the. United States In
all parts where, as at San Juan del Sur, the flag
ofNicaragua only ought to float, and openly me
nacing Central America with an inevitable annex
ation :
That the Minister actually accredited to Nicar
agua boasts in public of peremptorily proposing
this ultimatum —either the legal possession of Nic
aragua by the ratification of the treaty Cass Yris
sarri, or a fresh invasion of the (filibusters already
organized at Mobile under the American flag;
That, moreover, the Government of the United
States has, according to official reports, made to
that of Costa Rica, by its Minister Plenipotentiary
at Washington, declared that it was utterly power
less to prevent fresh attempts by the filibusters, or
to protect the neutrality of Central America owing
to tiie insufficiency ofthelaws of the United States
on this head;
Considering that three years of war and devas
tation have deprived the two of the
means of’ resisting a fre*h attack on the part of
many thousands of briyands; that the towns of
Nicaragua are destroyed in whole or in part; that
their commerce is annihilated ; their population is
decimated; and that alter a desperate resistance,
which testifies th Ir patriotism, they must suc
cumb before a superiority of numbers, unless Eu
rope design at last to defend them agamst attempts
unprecedented in the 19th century ;
They declare solemnly ;
1. That they place the Convention above men
tioned, relative to the canal ofNicaragua, under the
patronage of civilized Europe, by appealing to the
justice and humanity of all Christian nations against
the attacks of pirates and buccaneers, of whom
they have been for three years the victims ;
2d. That they place the independence and na
tionality of the Republics ofNicaragua and Costa
Rica under the guarantee of the three Powers who
have caused the independence and nationality of
the Ottoman Empire to be respected, namely,Fiance
England and Sardinia.
3d. That they supplicate the Governments of
these three Powers not any longer to leave the
coasts of Central America without detente, its rich
country at the mercy of barbarians, and the future
route of the trade of the w orld without a serious
guarantee of liberty and neutrality.
4. That they bind themselves in the name of
their people to accept from those three Powers all
the conditions they may attach to their assistance,
provided the public law of civilized Europe be ex
tended to ail the States of America, and imposed
by force, if needs be on those wiio so audaciously
violate it.
lu faith whereof they sign the present declara
tion.
RIVAS,
TOMAS MARTINEZ,
JUAN RAFAEL MORA.
May 1, 1858.
A Sad Case. —J. A. lleadly, a hitherto respec
table citizen of Buffalo, has beenconvicted of pass
ing counterfeit money. The announcement of the
verdict of the jury shocked him, and he had no
s oner re-ached the jail than he was in a raging de
lirium. Mr. Headly has achieved considerable rep
utation as a writer, and was once a director of a
bank. He is the father ol a very interesting fami
ly who are completely crushed by this sad affliction