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8.. ESEXjIS 8c GO., Proprietors. Volume XVIII. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 19 Nashville Conference —Picture. With a view to rai?e funds sufficient for the erection ofaMeth ffist Church in Washington City that will be an ornament to the Metropolis, and worthy the Southern organization ot this body of Christians, a Mr. Smithson has made ar raugernentsto have executed by Mr. J. C. Butter, of New York, one of the most skillful and and accomplished artists in this country, a fine sleel'plate engraving of the bishops and delegate? of the General Conference of the M. E. Church South, at their late session in Nashville* Tenne ssee. The painting was made by Mr. Bellows, and iguow in the hands of the engraver. A corres pondent of the Christian Advocate says that it ifc ‘‘admirably conceived and handsomely executed. Here may he ?een the venerable founder of Metho dism, John Wesley, occupying the puloit, while just below'on the platform stands prominently a full-length, life-like representation of the equally venerable Soule, the senior bi-hop ot the >!. E. Church in America. Around him are hi? col leagues, each one of whom can be recognized at a glance. Hanged along the wail, in the order of time from Wesley, are the portraits oi Colie, Asjmry, Whatco&t, MeKendree, George,Roberts, and other?, r f the o and regime of Methodism, link ing us with the past, and awakening a endearing historic associations; while on the plat form and on the floor are group and nearly two hundred minister? of the present day, many of whose faces are familiar to us.” The photographs engravings and daguerreotypes in the possession of the engraver will enable him to bring out cor rect likenesses and imbody the details necessary for the perfection of the work. The engraving will cost six ih >u?and dollar?, and must necessari ly take a considerable leogth of time in its execu tion Asa work of art it will possess merits suf ficient to secure for it a general interest; and when considered with reference to the benevolent design of its author, it cannot he doubted that the ( enterprise will be crowned With success. The enterprise is sanctioned and recommended by the General Conference of the M. E. Church South. It will be larger than any engraving of the kind heretofore published. Opening of the Tehuantepec Eoute Tlie steamship Quaker City, Capt. Shuteldt, left New York on Saturday, for New Orleans, from whenceshe will hereafter run regularly, ma king senii-montlv trips to Minatiilan, with the California mail. She had about ninety passengers and more freight than she was able to receive,— Thus (says the Journal of Commerce) wo have evidence that the important enterprise of opening anew highway between the two oceans is ap proaching a completion, and that the formidable obstacles which have presented themselves, during the progress of the work, have at length been suc cessfully overcome. The awarding of a mail con traut to this route, by the Uuited State Govern ment, no doubt operated as a substantial eneonr- i agement, and led to a more speedy opening than | would otherwise haye taken place. Including ISO j men who left this port about the Ist of August, iu | the barque Rapjd, there are now employed on the ‘ road between Suchil and Yentosa about IDO men; and thirty tirst-elass coaches arc already on the ground or en route, to be employed in carrrving passengers to the opposite ocean There are,also, three steamers which will be available for naviga ting the Coatzaeoalcos riv'r, between Minatitlan and Suchil, a distance of 70 mil*. “ One of the river steamers, the Suchil, which sailed from New York a few days ago, is a re markably fine one, being built of iron, w ith thick bulkheads extending lengthwise and across, and fitted up with every requisiteforsafety and conven ience. “It is anticipated that passengers will go from New York to New Orleans in four days; from tlie latter port to Suchil, ihe head of navigation, in an equal length of time ; while two days wilt be required for the carriage road. On reaching the Pacific terminus, the steamer Oregon will be in readiness to go up the coast, occupying ten days in the passage to San Francisco. The time oc cupied between New Orleans and San Francisco, it is said, will not exceed fifteen or sixteen days, at farthest. The Cotton Crop- Theta is no subject upon which men affect to know so much and, in reality, know so little as the probale yield of the cotton crop and the price which the staple will cr> ntnand in the markets of the world. It the whole commercial world were interrogated upon these subjects, we could not reasonably expect tho same answer to bo returned by any two individuals, and if by accident, this coincidence should occur, there is a yet weaker probability that they would give the same reason for their faith. It is obviously, the interest of ihe planter to create the impression tint there will lie a short crop. In proportion as this belief gains currency,do speculators and manufacturers operate with boldness and confidence. Iho legitimate tendency and effect of such a state of things is to impart an upward impulse to the market. On tho contrary, it is no less to the advantage of the manufacturer to fasten upon the public mind the idea of a large crop. When this impression pte vails, holders become more willing to self,a larger amount of cotton is pressed upon tlie market, the price recedes, banks, considering tho risk reduced, advance for longer time and at easier rates, and the original outlay tor material and the rate of in terest being thus diminished, the profits of the manufacturer are increased even where ihe ratio of valuation between the raw and the manufac tured product is maintained. These two classes represent the extremes of opinion upon this subject. Tho afest position, perhaps, is somewhere near the hall way ground between them. Our own opinion, we confess, has undergone some change within the last tew weeks; not ip consequence ot the increased receipts—oth er causes satisfactorily explain that sact —but be cause of the cheering reports and cheerful faces of many of our friends upon whose supposed ill-for tune we expended, hut a short time ago, a large amount of superfluous sympathy. But though our intormation thus necessitates a modification of our estimate of the crop, we see no cause for ap* prehending that the planter will be forced to give away his cotton. He may contiuue. to rush it in and force it to sale uutii he “cloys the hungry edge of appetite” in the manufacturer and specu lator, and may thus reduce the maiket value ot his product; but this result will be chargable to his owu imprudence and not necessity ot the case. However great may BMlie supply, it can not, under the existing prospect, equal the demand. Our domestic manufacturers are turning every spindle in their power, and the foreign manufac turer, feeling the impulse which so great an event as the opening of anew market for his tabrics in a country sustaining ODe fourth of the huniau family is calculated to impart, will strain every nerve to us utmost tension in the effort to reach the farthest limit of his capacity for production To those of our friends, then, who are not obliged to sell—who owe no money—we would say, don’t be in such a hurry. Your cotfbn is worth 11 or 12 cents, and by tho exercise ot a little patience, that price can be real.zed. Election Returns. The returns from the recent eTections held at the North Show that the Democrats who fought gallantly by the sided our southern Representa tives on the Lecoinpton issue have fallen before the abolition sentiment. In reviewing tho returns from Pennsylvania, we find that 11 democratic Representatives, who nobly stood with us have been cut down and wool-dyed Republicans now occupy their seal*. J. Glancey Jones among other* ©''*’ ‘‘ ‘’ ‘’ ‘ ‘’ ‘ ‘''* 1 ‘” ‘ ® is defeated for his too honest devotion to the South. The democrats have only carried four districts out of the twenty five in this old Keystone State. In Ohio, the democrats have lost two Districts The venerable Joshua Biddings is defeated by a brother Republican and J.eis D. Campbell by that true States Rights democrat, Vanlandingham Iu Indiana, Hughes, Davis, and Gregg have been defeated by Republicans. In South Carolina, the old Congressmen were re-elected wiih the exception of James L- Orr, who was no candidate. Col. Ashmore is elected iu his stead. Thus it will he seen that the Democrats North who voted with the South upon the Lecompton issue were “digging their political graves.” Another Atlantic Cable to be Laid. Wo have been placed in possession of information confirming our statement in re gard to the intention of tne British Gov ernment to lay a Cable between Ireland and N ■wfundland. Arrangements will soon be made with the view of establishing com munication between those two points next year, in the event of their being unable to work through the present line. In this matter the British Government are govern ed by their own interests, as they have already experienced the advantage ofbeing placed in direct connection with their colo nial possessions on this side of the ocean. Before the cable stopped working they were enabled to send two despatches of the greatest value and importance to the colo nial authorities; and having once practi cally realized the benefit to be derived from tho line, it is their policy and their interest to re-establish the communication at the earliest possible moment. But the British Government is not the only party interested in the permanent success of the enterprise, for the London Board of Underwriters were also afforded an opportunity of appreciating its impor tance in a commercial point of view*. The despatch that conveyed to them the intelli gence of the collision between the Knropa and Arabia,could not be estimated by thous ands of dollars merely, and was in itself an incoutrovertable proof of tlie indispensa b'ility of the ocean telegraph. Tlie enter prise must not, therefore, be regarded as a failure, but as a success, tlie complete re alization of which was prevented by what, after all, wilt only prove to be a temporary interruption. Meanwhile, we look forward with hope to the experiments that will soon be made by the new batteries and instruments of .Mr. Ifeoly, duplicates of which have, ere this, reached Trinity Bay station, under the charge of Mr. Lundy, the English electri cian, whose despatch announcing his arri val at St. Johns has already appeared in the Herald.— V. Y. Herald. Our Relations with China. The San F’rancisco Herald of the (list of September, says: California will probably be the first coun try to feel the effect of the increased com merce which is to be carried on by virtue of the treaty just concluded. Our geo graphical position puts us in comparatively close proximity to the additional ports open ed to the trade of the world. The new order of things is of the highest impoitance to this Slate, and as far as material inter ests are concerned, not much inferior to the establishment of overland mail routes across the continent. Wo may reasonably expect that considerable ot the trade in the valuable articles in which the Chinese mar kets abound, will be finally sent to the At lantic via San Francisco. Steam ship lines, in course ot time, will be required by the interests of commerce, and the trailic in freight and passengers would make them highly remunerative. A project to estab lish a line of steam ships between San Francisco ami Shanghae has engaged the attention of Congress for several years.— The improved condition of our relations with China —the protection guaranteed to Christians in every part of the Empire, and thepresence hereafter ofour countrymen and Europeans at the various ports, will be motives at the next session to provide for the inauguration of steam communication between the two countries. There is anothei question involved in the treaty that concerns California and its legislation, affecting the Chinese. We have only seen a brief outline of the treaty made by our Commissioner, Mr Reed, and we are, therefore, unable to say whether it con tains any provisions granting to the natives of China the right of visaing and protec tion in tlie United States. It is usual when one country confers privileges on the citi zens of another, that the favor is reciprocat ed, and the Chinese statesmen are not ig noiant of the customs of civilized nations in that respect. It is reasonable to assume that some such clause is contained in the treaty. If this should prove true, it is doubtful if our statute, which goes into op eration on the first of next month, restrict ing the immigration ot Chinese, will be op erative. It has been decided by the Su preme Court of the United States, and by our highest tribunal, that individual Stales have no power to impose taxes upon alien passengers. The authority is with Con gress, iu whom is vested, by the Constitu tion, the right to regulate commerce. Tue Slates can enforce no law in viola tion of any treaty with China, but it is a question if treaties are not negotiated sub ject to existing laws in civilized countries. However, it is a condition of international law that ail foreigners are admitted into countries on condition of obeying their laws. Except to guard against disease and pau pers, the municipal power of the State can not prohibit the introduction of foreigners, and we suppose like ground will be takeD in contesting the validity of the act passed by the lust Legislature. But this may not be necessary it the treaty guarantees to the natives of China protection in otir country. It was approved by tiie Emperor immedi ately, and though a year is allowed the United States for its final ratification, there is every reasou to believe it will be prompt ly sanctioned by our Government. When the treaty is finally ratified and published, vve think tlie law to prevent their further immigration into California must give way, if such a stipulation as we have referred to is included in its provisions. From Washington.—General Jerez has to-Jay had a long interview with Secreta ry Cass. Notwithstanding he had previ ously asserted that lie had to ratify the Cass-Yrissari treaty and to finally arrange all matters pertaining thereto, with out the necessity of'refering it back to Nica ragua, it appears from the official document just submitted by him to the State Depart ment, and of which a translation was imme diately made, that he isemdowered only to act “in order that the amendments made by the Assembly ofNicaragua to the treaty mav be substantially carried into effect.”— This is the language employed, but it is not considered sufficient to meet the demands of our Government. The Secretary of State will havea consultation with the Pres ident on the subject to-morow, and Gener al Jerez will sooi) thereafter be informed of the result. His mission is gendrally con sidered at an end, and unless he has docu ments of a more satisfactory character to present, he will shortly be dismissed. THE UNION OF THE STATES, ANO THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES. WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 20. Marriage Statistics in England- The rise or decline of a nations prosperity is marked by the incroase or diminution of marriages solemnized from year to year. It has grown to be an infallible test with who have bestowed time and attention upon the subject. Hence the recent controversy in England in which learned essays were penned to prove that she was retro grading in greatness and lending towards social depravity from a partial exhibition ot statistics of marriage vows The report, however, of the Registrar General relutes the popular idea that there is a decrease ot marriage contracts and weddings solemnized The etnisiics exhibit an increase among those m images solemnized by license over those sol emnized by bans, and the inference is drown that the upper or middle classes are more given to mar riage than the lower. An analysis of the figures, though apparently a? meaningless as a table oflegunth us— giving the ages ot contracting parties, prove? another fact in the history of marriages in England—that t"e number of early ftiarrige or marriages of minor have increased over others in a great ratio since the year 1848. It shows that 5 per cent of all men and 18 percent of all women married under age. Another deduction touching the progross of na tional education is obtained from the table. The contracting parties Finn th.ir names or in default of ability make their marks. I'he comparison of marks and signatures evidences ihe tact that the “School-master is abroad.” The Registrar-General in analysing the figure? reflects “a curious light on our social combina tions.” Those who can write and are well edu cated, intermarry with those who are illiterate and cannot sign their name?. The number of these marriages is large. The classification oi tne Register reveals anoth er important feature in the history of marriages —that the marriages solemnized by bans aud confined to the lower classes indicate with bar ometrical nicety the standard of plenty or scar city for the year. The price ol wheat really mea sured the marriages. In times of the greatest prosperity the number of marriages by bans would be increased, and dimin ished greatly in times of adversity. From this fact, we pay England the compliment, that her poor men uever propose in marriage without the prospect of a competency to provide lor a house hold. America may well follow her example, Southern Literary Organ and Review The first number of the above periodical is on our table. It is published at Memphis Tenn., and is edited by Rev. Benjamin H. Capers The first article in the number before us is from the pea of the editor, ou the subject of “Southern literature’ and abounds in just aud original thoughts and many proofs ol a fine discriminating faculty. The Rev. P. F. Neely, l) I) , whose distinguished merit as a pulpit orator is yet fresh in tlie remembrance of many ofour readers, is also a contributor to the specimen number. Under such auspices it would seem almost superfluous to wish the enter prise success. If it tail, it will but sharpen ihe point of condemnation already justly directed against the Souther?) people, lor the imperial pat ronage they lavish upon Northern periodicals, while they suffer our home literature to languish and die. Terms of tho “Organ” Three dollars per an num, in advance. Health of Mobile and New Orleans. We have received ihe following despatches from Mobile and New Orleans, warning strangers and unacquainted persons against going to tho-e cities: Mobile, Oct. 16—Absentees having commenc ed returning to Mobile, the Executive Committee ol ihe Can’t Get-Away Club, the Samaritan So ciety, and the Rolief Club of the Young Men's Christian Association of Mobile, upon considera tion of the state of tho public health, concur in recommerding to all unaceliinuted persons, now absent from the city,not to return until after due notice of frost: By order of the respective Committees aforesaid. [Signed] W. 11. Redwood, President Can’t-Get-Away Club. Daniel Wheeler, President Samaritan Soeiaty. T. A. Hamilton, President Relief Club. New Obleans, Oct. IG, The “Howard Asso ciation” announces that, for the past week, the epidemic shows no abatement of virulence, being fed by the daily arrivals ot strangers and unacclt matod persons. tSiguedl E. F. Schmidt, President. Desperate Affray at Nashville. A desperate affray occurred at .he Fair ground? yesterday, in which twelve or fifteen persons were injured. Sandy Owen was ki led ; his brother dangerously wounded ; Gen. Joel A. Battle had his skull fractured; Samuel Cowan was mortally wounded, and others were seriously injured. “The Waynesboro News.” Is the title of anew paper just established in Burke County, Georgia, by Messrs Gray & Blount —the first number ol which has been received- It is a very neat paper and well filled with judici ous editorial and selected matter. T erms 5*2,00 per annum. Located by the Main Tronic.—The Bain bridge Arens ol last Wednesday says:— We have been reliably informed that the corps of Engineers of the A. and Gulf Railroad, having finished the survey to Thomasville, are now en gaged running an experimental line to this place. The “lower” or Mineral Spring liue, we un derstand, has been finally adopted by the Com pany. The Cotton Crop.-Cotton opened early and was brought to market early—so early, that it is quite likely to make a very erroneous impression as to the extent of the crop. If we are not mistaken, the lapse of two or three months will show the excess over last year to be much smaller than pres ent appearanees would indicate. There is no question however, that the yield in this section is much better than theie was any reason to expect, after the ravages of the rust. — Spirit of the South’ Oct. 19<A. Special Corresimndence of the Augusta Dispatch. Trial of J, R. Graves. Nashville, Oct. 16th 1858. The trial of Rev. .f. R. Graves, alluded to in ray last, came up at the First Baptist Church on Tuesday, 12th inst. The church was crowded, and great curiosity was man ifested to hear the trial. After a number of preliminary motions, the charges against the accused were read, and when asked whether he admitted or denied the charges, he responded—“l deny.” A motion to non-suit the charges, for in formality, was carried, when Mr. Graves was permitted to speak in his own defence. He then read a protest against any further proceedings until scriptural steps had been taken to settle the difficulty. He urged other reasons why the trial was premature, and stated tl at he was ready and willing to meet an investigation if it were made ac cording to the New Testament. The question was put after some discus sion on the motion to remand the whole proceedings on the ground of informality, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, MONDAY, OCTOBER 25, 185 8 and last, —41 for remanding, and 98 for im mediate trial. Mr. Graves, after a few remarks, stated that he could not fellowship with the Church any more, and announced his with drawal. I The Moderator stated that Air. Graves himself had held that the only way to get out of the Baptist Church was by death or exclusion. Mr. Graves claimed that when a Church tramples upon the law of Christ, it becomes a faction, and not a church. On a motion to adjourn, the congregation were requested to remain after adjournment, and those who had voted agains: the imme diate trial of Air. Craves organized anoth er meeting.—A paper was then read, which claimed that the persons whose names were appended constituted the Fiist Baptist Church, and hat the majority who voted lor sustaining the charges, were factionists. This statement was signed by about 20 members of the First Baptist Church. Mr. Craves then requested the body to (•■•ill a council of two iniinst-rs from each Church m the association.to investigate the charges against him. The meeting then adjourned to meet Sunday afternoon. On the next day, those who were for immediate trial proceeded with an examin ation. and on tlie question, w hether Mr. Craves was guilty of the first charge (as published iu my last letter) there was a unanimous vole in the affirmative. The investigation will be continued to-night. Tlie result of this investigation was the unani mous finding of Mr. Graves guilty of the first charge of the series preferred against him, to wit: “Briugingreproach and injury U|>on Rev R. B. C, Howell, pastor of the Fir* Baptist Church, and thus to destroy his character and influence in the Southwest,” and the publication of “various false and malicious misrepresentations-” Business on the Railroads—lncreasing Cotton Crop, and so on. The subjoined comparative statement obtained from the books of the South-wes tern Railroad Company, while it Isa gold en exhibit for the Road, illustrates also the rapidity with which the crop is coming io market. Due allowance should be made, however, for the effect of the extension of the road since last year. Comparative statement of Cotton Trans portation and receipts of Freight on the South Western Railroad from Ist Aug. to Itjlh October, 1857 and 185 b. 1857. Road Earnings Bales Cot’n August 20,852.28 (>O3 September 30,429.76 2,834 Oct. 15 days 17,427.94 3,982 68,509.98 7,419 1858 Road Earnings Bales Cot’n August 26,238 06 1,281 September 59,033.14 17,634 Oct. 15 days... .31,070.05 20,059 107,341.25 [38.911 Increase in 1858... 38,831.27 31,492 Showing an increase of 56 per cent, in the gross earnings of the road, and'424 per cent, ori the number of bales of cotton transported. The Macon Sc Western Road is also do ing a heavy cotton freighting business, and we heard their increase in receipts staled to be now about 2000 bales per week. We will make particular enquiry. The Savannah Republican of recent date says that the earnings of the Central Road for September, were $157,726,19 against $98,767,40 in September, 1857—and for the first seven working days in October, $51,995,59 against $31,970,27 for the cor responding period last year. In Septem ber. 1858, 28,005 bales cotton were recei ved, against 6,127 in September, 1857; and in lourteen working days in October, 40,283 bales ol cotton had come over tlie Road.— These figures show the combined effect of an early fall—very favorable weather for picking, and an anxious desire among plan ters to push their cotton to market as early as possible. The calculation among the Railroad and Warehouse men is also for a very heavy increase in the cotton crop of Georgia. Hon. H. V- Johnson. The Atlanta Intelligencer pays the Pil lowing high and meiited tribute to ex-Gov Johnson. It is not overdrawn or more than just: “Who is not proud of such a man as Herschel V. Johnson—the “man of golden purpose and iion will.” as the Georgia Plat forni designates him 7 Who has been more conspicuous in every fight for twenty years in Georgia? Who has fallen and risen with the Democratic partv in storm and sunshine—in adversity and prosperity, if Herschel V. Johnson has not? His voice has been always heard to rally the broken columns and the discouraged hosts when the battle raged the hottest and the fierc est. The democracy love hun. His very name is a tower of strength. Earnings of the Central Railroad. — The earnings of the Central Railroad for Sept., 1858, were §157,726,19, against $98,767,40 for Sept., 1857. The earnings from Ist Oct. instant, to the Bth inst. inclusive—seven working days— have been $51,995,49; against $31,970,27 for the same period last year. The quantity of cotton brought into the yard in this city in Sept. 1858. was 28,005 bales, against 6,127 bales in Sept. 1857’ The down freight from Ist to 16th Oct.— fourteen working days—has been 40,283 bales of cotton; 5,042 barrels of flour; 8,319 sacks of flour; 21,348 bushels of wheat, 2,392 bushels of corn; 506 bales domestics; 28 boxes copper; besides considerable par cels of dried fruit, hides &c. &c. It is believed that the earnings for the whole month of October, will be near if not quite $200,000 against $99,070,55 in Oct. : 1857. In noticing the evidences of prosperity, it is but due to the officers and men of the j Company that we should say a word of j commendation for the nerve and fidelity with which they have stood to their posts and forwarded this immense amount of bus iness during a season characterised by so much sickness and still greater alarm.— Through it all they have manfully maintain | ed Iheir ground, and faithfully performed all their duties. Their conduct entitles them to the gratitude of the Company and to the praise of all.— Sav. Republican. Full Pockets and Pleasant Faces. Meet us at every corner now-a-days. The planters are bringing in their cotton and selling at the present rates. Debts are paid —liberal supplies are purchased and the Macon people in all departments of trade are doing a “smashing business.” The old and well known house of J B. tjj- W. A Ross sold over eighty thousand dollars worth of goods the past week, and our merchants generally are selling more goods and ma king better collections than during any pre j vious year. Macon is increasing in popu j lation, in enterprise and capital, and by a judicious use of the many local and railroad facilities which she enjoys in a pre-eminent degree, wi'l shortly become the largest ci'y j in Georgia if not in the Smith Atlantic i Slates— Georgia (Macon) Telegraph Oct. i 19th. ’.THURSDAY, OBTOBLR 21. The Supreme Court. In our issue of the 13th inst., we published the action of an adjourned public meeting in Coweta county, in reference L the.above subject, and ap pended thereto a brief comment. Our remarks have been construed by our friend of the Corner Stone into a reflection upon the intelligence of all who are in favor ol abolishing the Supreme Court. We admit that we did not guard ourselves against such inference, but sutli was not tne thought to whieh we gave expression. It was understood by us that thi- meeting originated in a dissatisfac tion with a reccmj dgmeul of the Supreme Court, about which so much has been said and written. Believing and, indeed, knowing that the masses have not taken the time or trouble to ascertain the correctness ot the piopositions which that judgment declared,(and it is manifest that su,h iu vestigation must be the basis of any just < r in telligent censure) we have uniformly deprecated all popular demonstrations on this subject. It was hi reference to this tact that wo intended an ap iication ot the charge of know-nothing-ism, though, as we have said,our words had a wider and more general meaning. Upon the subject of abolishing the Court, we occupy a position at a gre it distance Ifom our coletnporary, whether in advance or in rear of his own, we do not say. But this radical difference will not prevent us from be ing instructed by his opinions; at any rate, we hope never to lose our respect for bis acknowl edged inteilig-nceand matured wisdom. A Just Tribtire- The coalition oi R publican?, Americans and iho Douglas Democrats hnvo just won a victory over the Democracy in Pennsylvania. The New York Tribune —a notorious abolition sheet, thus ?p*ak? : “Let u? not misstate nor overstate this triumph. The republicans have nobly contributed to it, but they have not alone achieved it. The great body ot the Americana have heartily co-operated with them, and the elaborate attempt to and raw off votes on‘straight American’ ticket? iu Philadelphia has had little effect. The union for tree territory, pure election?, and protection to home industry, was too hearty and solid to be shaken by the tricks of demagogues bought and owned by tho common adversary. “But the Republicans and Americans united could not have won so sweeping a victory with out the powerJuL aid of the Dougins Democracy. These faithful devotees of the doctrine of popular sovereignly, organized and led by John YV. For ney, had resolved to punish the recreants who de vised and urged on ihe Lecompton fraud, and they have done it most effectually .” Prof. ffm. J. Sasnett, D. B By the Board, which met in this city tho 15th inst., (says the Atlanta Intelligencer,) this distin guished gentleman was elected President of the LaGrange Female College, which is one of the first Female Colleges in the Union. The Trustees have been in this case extremely fortunato in se curing Prof. Sasnett as President of tlie College.— His fame and name are well and widely known throughout this country asoneot the most able and distinguished among the literati of the present age. A? a Professor, a? a Scholar and writer, Dr. Sas nett will grace the highest Collegiate positions which the country can boast. LaGrange College and its friends everywhere may now have greater cause than ever, to he proud of their Institution and hopeful for a bright and glorious career of usefulness and honor- With such a Faculty and such an able and distinguished President, no College has greater claims and brighter prospects. Postage Stamp s Stamp Bureau of the Post Office Depart ment, which is under direction of tho Third As sistant Postmasier General, John Marron, E-q., has made the following returns: For the quarter ending the 30ih of September last, there were issued from this bureau the follow ing: 1 cent stamp?, 9,490,600 3 cent stamp?, 30,445,600 5 cent stamps, 127,680 10 cent stamps, 737,830 12 cent stamps, 331,3-50 41 133 060 Stamps returned, 62,900 Total stamps. 41,070,160 Os stamped envelopes there were issued 211,150 notarize, three cents; 6,454,350 letter size, thioe cents; 44,850 ten cent envelopes; 100 official stamps. The net revenue accruing from this source a mounts to an aggregate ot about $1,331,000. “Pretty Tall Picking “ Mr. Thomas H. Hughes, ihe overseer oi Gen. Myrick's plantation in Twiggs county makes the following statement of Cotton a few of his hands picked out one day last week, which quantity will be found hard to beat, viz : John S., 661 pounds. William 654 “ Charles 543 “ John H 492 “ Eli, 480 “ John W.. 410 “ 3,245 pounds. Smith 380 “ Harrison 376 “ Judge Hardeman. We find the following paragraph in the Macon Journal {5 Mes enger, ot the ‘2oth inst. : •‘We deeply regret to team that this able jurist and most estimable gentleman still lies dangerous ly ill, with little recovery *’ JgJfThe Republicans and Americans of New York city have agreed to fuse upon bounty offi cers to be balloted for at the ensuing election.— Committees of conference from these parties met at the Westchester House, on Thursday evening, and agreed upon a plan which gives to the Repub licans the Sheriff, Justice of the Superior Court, Supervisor, and two Coroners, while to the Amer icans ate conceded the nominees for county Clerk, District Attorney and two Coroners. From Utah. Battle with the Camanches. —St Louts, Oct. 15. The Salt Lake mail arrived at St. Joseph on the 9th, The troops had nearly completed their huts, and would go into winter quarters on the 15th of Oct. The I'ort Smith (Ark.) Times Extra oi the Bth contains a letter from Lt. Powell, dated Fort Ar buc kle 2d, givingan account of a battle between a detachment of the 2d Cavalry and the Caman che Indians, near Wichita Village, on the Ist, in which Lt. Vancamp and four men were killed, and Maj. Vanelan and ten men wounded. Forty of the Camanche3 were lulled^ The Senate Secured for the Opposi tion. —Very unexpectedly to boili parties, the New York Senatorial district lias gone lor the Opposition. VVe have received in telligence that the the Democratic candidate William H. Welsh, the late Speaker of the Senate, the favoriteof Mr. Buchanan, and his Secrelaiy for a time while he was Minister to London, has been defeated by Daniel Kraber, the Opposition candidate by one hundred majority. This, if true, as we believe it to be, secures the Senate to the Opposition, even without the Northumber land District, which is still in doubt. The Opposition thus have both branches of the Legislature. —Philadelphia Bulletin. We are indebted to the kindness of a friend for permission to make the following extract from a letter written by Maj. A. B Ragan,U. S. A.,to a member of his family in this Stnte: Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, September 7th, 1858. The Mountain Buck bring- news this morning of another engagement which a portion of Maj. Garnett’s command had with the YaMmahs.— Lieutenant Cfook with sixty men, attacked a large party of Indians, killing six and wounding an indefinite number, without the l*ss ot a single man, Another party of Indians were heard of, and Capt, Fraser sent after them, hut they got no tice of his movement and decamped in haste; Capt. Fraser pursued them three da s, hut finally lost their trail and had to give up the pursuit. Maj Garnett thinks the hostiies are now cleared out of the Simcoeand Yakimah c nuntiy, and have made the best ot their w; t y to tne Black Feet coun try in the Rocky Mountains aed into the British possessio s. Maj Garnett has pushed forward to Okenauan, where he will probably form a junc tiou with Col. Wright’s command against the Spokans and Pelloose, or else whip them out on his own account, should he not meet with Col. Wright. Nothing has been heard from Col. Wright since he crossed Snake River on the 24th tilt The pre sumption, therefore is, tint the Indians have burned the grass to embarnss aud retard his movements and retire to the mountains, if he had had any engagement he would have sent an express with despatches to Geo. Clark at this place, Iho five, alurall the great demon strati ms by the Indians, the whole ihinti will turn out nothing more than a grand Indian hunt, a good many will he caught in ; the chase, and the rest will be trailed to their dens and holes in the mountain-, early in the Spring, and dragged out. [Signed] A. B. RAGAN. Eelections. PENNSYLVANIA. Rkadino, Oct. 15.—Schwartz’s majority overJ. Glancy Jones is nineteen votes. Schwartz has 7,321 and Jones 7,302 votes This is the official vote as returned by tlie Judges. lowa.—The few returns thus far received have a stror.gly Democratic complexion, and give reason to hope that one, if not both the Democratic can didatos for Congress, is elected, fn the present Congress both members are Republicans. Indiana. —The Democrats have elected four members viz: Niblack,(or Hovoy,) English, 110 l man and Davis; being a loss of two as compared wiih the preseot Congress. The Republicans carry the other districts. Our information leads us to think that the Re publicans have carried tho State ticket (no Gov ernor is elided this year) and a small majority of the House, while a majority of the Senate is prob ably Democratic. California.—The new Senate of California comprises 21 Democrats, It) Opposition men. and there is one vacancy. House—Democrats 54, Opposition 20. Joint ballot, Democrats 78, Op position 36 Ohio.—ln addition to six Democratic members whose flee!ion is conceded, viz : Pendleton, Val landigham, Allen, Howard, Martin and Cox, tho telegraph claims only sixteen majority for Carey over Hall, Dem., in the 9th district, “unofficial.” Perhaps the official returns may place the eaddlo on the oilier horse It also says the contest in the sth district is “very close” between Burns, Dem., and Helmick, Rep., though “it is generally sup posed that Bums is defeated.” The Ohio States man o) the 14th, also claims the election of B. F. Spriggs, Dem., in the 17th district There is therefore a chance that the Democrats ol Ohio will come op to their number in the present Congress, which was nine out of twenty-one members Florida.—A private letlorfrom a friend in Tal lahassee, who has access to tho election returns, informs us that “Judge Hawkms’fDem.) majority over Westcott will be *2500 votes-about ,000 more than was ever given to any man in the State ” Thus it will be seen, while there is a union of Re publicans and Americans at the North to defeat the Democracy, it is gaining strength at the outh ; and rallying to its standard the true men of all I parties. i A Lawyer’s Story. —Tom strikes Dick 1 over the shoulders with a rattan as big as | your little finger. A lawyer iu his indict— I ment would tell you the story as follows; j “And that whereas the said Thomas, at the j said place, on the year and day aforesaid, in and upon the body of the said Richard, j against the people of the State of Penn-yl j vania, and their dignity, did make a most violent assault, and inflicted a great many and divers blows, kicks, cuffs, thumps, contusions,gashes, hurls, wounds, damages and injuries, io arid upon the head, neck, bieast, stomach, hips, knees, shins, and heels of said Richard, with divers slicks, canes, poles, clubs, logs of wood stones, daggers, dirks, swords, pistols, cutlasses, bludgeons, blunderbusses, and boarding pikes,ihen and there held in ihe hands, fisis, claws, and clutches ofhim, the said Thom as.” Sophomore Class in Brown University Suspended. —For years ii lias been the custom of the Sophomore Class of Brown University, to “Smoke out Freshmen;” [ie] at the commencement of each year to enter the rooms of Freshmen aud smoke till they became sick, • r acknowledge themselves sick of the operation. The custom was adhered to by the present Sophomore class who “did the work up Brown ” Weeks have elapsed and nothing was said of the course pursued. Monday afternoon, how ever, one by one were called upon to visit the President. The following questions were asked, First—“ Was you engaged in smoking out ?” Second—“ Will you sign an agreement never to engage iu anything of the kind again?” Many were enabled to say “No,” in leply to the first question, but ail declined to answer “yes” to the 6e cond. Each was, in consequence dismissed from College. The class is united in the determination not tj be fettered by the stringent regulations necessarily imposed upon them by an affirmative to tlie second query. And, consequently, Brown Univer sity is without a Sophomore Class, a a cir cumstance without a parallel in the history of that institution.— Prov. Journal. Jonathan's Love for the Negro Illustra ted.—There is a case now before the Uni ted States District Court at Boston, Mass, in which it is charged that a negro cook on board of a whaler was tieated with shocking barbarity by a yankee crew.— On several occasions he was brutally bea ten, his eye was knocked out by the mate of the ship, and the poor creature was subsequently kept in irons until lie, was eventually landed, without food, on a de sert rock of the Galapagos Islands, about seven hundred miles from the coast of Pe ru, and there abandoned to liis fate by the humane and tender hearted vankee cap tain and crew. He has lived twenty-six days on raw crabs, sun-baked lizards,young birds and beatie bugs, when lie was taken by a friendly sail, and carried to Talcahuna where lie remained in hospital seven and a half months before he recovered sufficient ly to travel home. Such is tlie love for the negro race as practiced bj Jonathan— his professions are quite another tiling.— Petersburg Express. The highest salary of a Givernor of any State in the Union is paid in Califor nia—ten thousand dollars, and the lowest is in Vermont—s76o. FRRIDAY, OCTOBER 22. Facts Connected with the Tariff. We are assured by our Pennsylvania cotempo raries, that the recent detent ot the Administration Democracy in that State, is traceable, among other causes, to a general dissatisfaction with the operations of the present Tariff- Tho same au thority informs ns, that the returns from the iron m tufaoturing districts, more than elsewhere, ox - hibit a failing off in the Democratic vote. Tlie Bankruptcy and ruin, which for the last twelve months have swept with de claims! violence through every condition and avenue of Northern industry, have found a solution in Pennsylvania in the fact that the existing tariff affords an insuffi cient protection to American label. Something more than a mere statement Qt the relation ol cause and effect is necessary to command our belief m ns existence. Obviously, the inquiry is not imperti nent, why this result was not earlier developed. For ten years—from 1846 to ’s6—the dmy upon iron was thirty per cent, ad vnorem. During .hat period hardly u word was h ard from the irjn manufacturer on the subject of lurther protection In 1856 it was again reduced to six per ctnt , making the duly 24 per cent. To this ot ji'ci'-Mi was made at the lime, as it always is; still the clamor was faint. Everything went along very well unul last year, when tho crash came. Sud denly, in ihe twinkling of an eye, il became ap parent that the Colossus of foreign competition h and prostrated home manufactures. Now all this is explained simply in this w. y. During ten years of prosperity everybody iu the North be came dnink w ith the exniiaration ol amassing a fancied lortane In Ihe North West tins riotous iusauity reached its highe-t development. Many persous. them, thought that light -hone upon no other portion of the earth’s surface. It, aeemd ingly, became the theatre for the most extrava gant and visionary speculation. Men left to slug g rds the dull rowiine of legitimate trade.and float od on the wings of credit through the regions of pure chance. Enormous railroad enterprises were projected aud, with no reference to cost, fill-hi and forward ; everything standing upon a basis of pure credit,or on grants of public domain ata roman tic valuation Thousands of tons of iron were ordered and supplied, the mijpuiacturer taking railroad bonds or oilier equally worthless seen riiies lor payment. Tlie demand being greater than the capacity to furnish, ho never thought of competition, until the bubble but sled and revealed the hollowness ol hi-hopes. The audacity with which he now asks the country to repair the con sequences of his own reckless improvidence is sel dom paralleled. But lurther, on this subject Wo hope it is no evidence of bigotry that we have eyes ; aud in the exercise of this excellent organ we may be excus od for rejecting the c inclusions which pampered nonsense would have us ad. pi. In order to make out his claim to lurther protection, even upon his own notion ol justice, Ihe iron manufacturer must show that his present distress is chargaeble to the competition of the foreign product Thi>, we think, it will be rather difficult to do. Fortunate ly figures, always are admirable corrective of false philosophy, have come to our aid. A cotempo rary tells us that “the total imports of railroad iroD from Great Britain to the United States, for thefir.-t seven mouths ol 1850, compared w ith those during a like space in 1857 and 1858 are as fol lows : 1856, 1857, 1858, 81,005 tons. 105,613 tons. 5,536 tons. The above figures prove, indisputably, that not to excessive importation and, consequently, not to inadequate protection is the present depressed con dition of the iron interest chargeable. They prove also that ihero is no demand for iron at ibis time, and itcannot be contended that an increase ofthe tariff will create a demand. Tlie coincidence, in point ol time, between the reduced duly and general bankruptcy, was quite sufficient, however, to r upper I an issue which contributed to the de feat of the Pennsylvania Democracy. Thus we go. Judge Cone’s Letter. We publish to-day, the letter of this gentleman to Mr. John A. Tucker, in which is considered the eligibility of the latter to the office of Judge of the Pataula Circuit. His opinion is in favor of the eligibility, but bethinks that the law organizing the Pataula t ireuit. and fixing tho term of the present incumbent for a period lessthnn four years, unconstitutional. He considers, theretore, that Judge K ddoo is entitled to hold his seat for the Constitutional term of four yea s; and that “no election can be legally held lor Ins succession, umil the first Monday In January I860.” The Fair. The Atlanta Intelligo.icer ol yesterday says:— The Fair yesterday opened auspiciously. On en tem.g ihe spacious grounds so well lilted up, the visitor is forcibly struck with the amount aud va riety ol live stock, oh exhibition Hor os ol every kind may be seen, from the fleet racer to the heavy draft horse. Choice specinii ns of cattle also meet the eye, of a gr-at variety ol bre> and ; the ino.-t liberal contributors in this line a’e Mea-rs. R. Peters of this city and Vlr. Watts. Theswine department too is full of interest. Some ol the finestsp 'Cimens ever exhibited in a Southern Fair may here be seen. The G* ats and i“h ep are ra iher deficient, but there will no doubt be conside rable additions in ihis respect this morning. In the mechanical department, there are many things rare and interesting to the visitor A small en gine i9 on exhibition, made in Ohio, and driving a corn mill—working most beautifully- The la dies department is well represented Articles of domestic manufacture, from the coarsest and most useful to the finest and most ornamental, may be seen in vast profusion. The fruit andjveg etable department i? also well sustained. The fine arts have their representatives in large num bers. The paintings are most beautilul and ele gant. There you will find most striking likeness ea of Ex Gov. Troup, Gov. Joseph E. Brown, Dr. George D. Phillips, Col. O. A. Lochrane, B. H. Hill, and a number of others, the originals of which are unknown to the writer. Mr. John Usher has also on specimen of one of his “Quaker City Sewing Machines,*’ the chea* past, simplest, and most efficient now in market. John Quack is also encamped on the grounds with a choice variety of refreshments, which he oilers to visitors on the most liberal terms. Our space only enables us to take a bare glance at tho novelties of the Fair, the most interesting ever held in Atlanta. A respectable number of visitor are in attendance. To-day and to-morrow, a multitude are expected. The Elections Later returns from Ohio, Indiana and lowa are a little more favorable to the democracy. It is now claimed that eight democrats have been elec ted to Congress from Ohio instead of four, as at first conceded That the democratic Stale ticket is successful in Indiana by some fifteen hundred vote<; and that we have elected four members of Congress in stead of two, in that State. And further, and better still, that we have car ried lowa by a handsome majority, turning out of Congress the two Black Republican members that now disgrace that State.— Mont. Confedera tion. The assessed taxable property of New Or leans, for the year 1858, is $107,57t’ 1 %3 Slaw aro assessed at §6,104,385—an increase of $200,950 within the lari year. 03f"The Savannah Republican has received a sfoc men of wrapping paper, m de from ihe Chi nese sugar cane, at the m 11 of Ashbury Hull Esq. Athena Ga., and pronounces it a very good tiftlt. PEYTON H. COLQUITi, { Editors JAMES W. WARREN, \ Edltors ’ Number 42 FOR THE TIMES. Letter from Hon F H. Cone- Gkeenesboro. Georgia. > October 18tfi. 1858. \ To John A. Tucker, Esq , 1 have received your letter asking mv opinion as to ycur eligibility as a candidate lor the office ol Judge of the Superior Courts of the Pataula Circuit, at the electioa to be held on the first Monday in January next. The facts I understand bom your letter tbe these : You are a member oi the Senate- > our lerm ofservice will not ex pire until ihe fir.-; of October 1859. Th* term of die present iocmnbe t ex, ires on ;|ie first Mon day in Ociober 1859. The question arises upon the eleventh section of the first article of the Constitution. 1 hat section, so lar . s u has ai y bearing upon ti e question, is in the following words: ‘‘No per son holding any military commotion or otlu r ap p liniment, having any emolument or compensa tion annexed thoieto, under this Siaie*or die United States, or oi>her ofdmn, (except Justices of the Inferior Courts, Ju-rices of the Peace and officers ot ihe Militia,) * * ** shall have.a seat in either branch ot the General Assrmb y, nor shad any Senator or Representative be elected to any offi e or appointment by the I < grid attire, having any emoluments or compensation annexed ih reto, during the time lot which he shi'l have been elec ted, wirii the above exceptions, uoie.-s he shall de cline accepting his seal by notice to the Ex cuuve within twenty day* : er he shad hive b on elect ed, nor shall ye* üb*r,af er hiving taken his seat, be eligible to say of the aforesaid offices or appointments during the rime for which he shall have been elected.” The Constitution of 1777 which was framed within lessthnn on e year after the Declared q of Independence, contains the following prov tion .upon thin subject: “No person bearing ar y post of profit under thi* State, or uny -person bearing any rnission under this or any other Stale or Slates, Fhall be elected a Representative. Aid if any Representative shall be appointed to any place of profit - r n litary commission which ho shall accept his seat shad immediately become vacant, and ne shall be ii qrnble of re election whilst holding such oflic-” (Watkins’ Digest, 10. 11 ) The Cos itution ot 1789, contains a very similar provisit n l Waikins’ Dig*’."!, 26.) These pn visions of these several Constitutions, show very c eary that ih-peop'e ufbeo g a never intended that any member of the Legislature should ai a y time hold an office oi emolument or ccmpens tn si, aud that is the solo object of the9e provisio , nd so far as 1 kn w, the practice oT the Gov in tent has been strictly in accordance with these | rovisions. If the qm tion was submitted to me whether a member < t the Legislature can hold the office of Judge of im Superior Court, 1 should unhesitating ly answer, hat he could not. But that is not the question no ented in your letter. If you are elec led, yon a iil not hold ihe office—you will not be a Jude ihe Superior Court—you will not pos sess any ol the functions nor discharge any of the duties of hat office, nor receive any of its emolu ments, until after your t rin of service as a mem ber of tho Legislature expires. The j rc cut incumbent, (us you say) is entitled to hold b * office until the first of October 1859. You are • lected as his successor, you cannot be Judgo <’! the Superior Court until his tune expires. You bav3 then ceased to be a member of the Legi?': tire You are then e'igible, and my opin ion is, that if you areeligibie at ihe time you be come Jo Ige— at ihe lime that you assume the. du ties o! the office; it is all that the Constitution re quires. In the 11th section,the word holding is used, showing that in older to disqualify a person from taking I is seat as a member of the. Legislature, lie must fe* in die possession of tha office, in the en joyment of its emoluments. The latter part of the same section says; * Nor shall any n ember, alter having taken his seat, be eligible to any of the aforesaid offices or appoint ments during the time for which he sh ill have been elected.” What is the meaning of these words, “eligible to any of the aforesaid offices'?” clearly, shall not be eligible to hold any of ihe aforesaid offices, and giving the words this meaning, is in harmony With the previous part of the section— and this construction fully effectuates the h.tention of tho framers of the Constitution by excluding from the Legislature,all persons who hold olfices of emolument. The framer? of the con-titution never contem pl ted the idea of electing Judges ot ihe Superior Court or other officers, for a long period in v,o s io their entering upon the duties of their office. Tne necessity for this has grown mainly out of tho Act of 1856, which ueclares that the elections for Jucigv-s of the Superior Courts shall be held on the first Monday in Januaty. The term of ser vice of many ofour Judge- exp:;e> in November, and in i.rder to prevent a vancancy their succes sors must ba elected <>n the January previous, so that a person is Irequently elected some ten months previous to the time when his term of service com mences- During this time and previ us io his entering upon the duties of his office, I arn of opinion ihnt he is not a person holding office within the mean ing of this Section of the Couati.utiou. My opin ion is that his eiegibirity depends not upon the t me of hi& election, hut upon ihe time of his enter ing upon lh* duties of his office. 1 am therefore ol opinion that as you cannot cnier upon the du ties of Judge of the Superior C uts of the Pataula Circuit, until alter your term of service a a mem ber of the Senate thall have expired, that you are constitutionally eligible a9 a candidate for that of fice at the election to be held in January next But there is another question connected wiih this matter, which in my opinion render* it wholly unnecessary to decide the q lestion whelh r you are eligible or not- In looking at the Act or ganizing the Pataula Circuit (Laws of 1855 and ’56, page 216) it is provided by tlie 2nd section of the Act that an election tor a Judge of the Supe rior Court lor said, Diririct, shall be held on the first Monday in April next (1856) and that he shall hold his office from his qualification, and for three years after the first Monday in October next, (1856)—this makes the term of service about three years and six months. Now the first .-ection of the third article ol the Constitution declares as follows “ I ho Judges of ihe Superior Court shall be elected lor the term of four years, and shall continue in office until their successors shall be elected and qualified.” The Legislature possessed no power whatever to alter this term of service, the Constitution has placed it entirely beyond their control. If they can prescribe the term of service of a to be three years and six months, fhey can prescribe one year, or any number of years. I am therefore of opinion that the present incumbent is entitled to hold his seat for the period of four years, which I supp se will expire in the month of April 1860, and that no election can be legally held lor his suc cessor until the first Monday in January 1860. In looking at the Act organising the Tallapoosa Circuit, ihe filth section prescrineaihat an election shall be held for a Judge of the Superior Court of said District, on the first Monday in January next (1857) who shall hold his office until the first Mon* day in October 1859—that is that he shall hold it for about the term ol two years and nine months. Now the Legislature possessed no power to fix any time during which a Judge ehail hold his office, other than that prescribed by the Constitution, four year*. The present incumbent therefore of this Circuit is entitled to hold his office until January 1861, and no ejection can legally be held for his successor until January of that year. I make these remarks in relation to the Talla fio; sa Circuit because I have been written to in re ation to that Cirauii, and 1 wish ihis letter to be considered as an answer to ah who have written me upon the ft object. Your friend. FRANCIS H. CONE.