Newspaper Page Text
(vlihbvs. mum. -'•>emm. n. i'->.
• Democrat).
Democracy, (says the Florence Gazette) repre
sents the great principles of progress —It is on
ward and outward in its movements —it has a
heart for action, and moves the world—it con
stitutes the principle of diffusion, and is to hu
manity what the centrifugal force is to the revolv
ing orbs of the universe. What motion iio them.
Democracy is to principle. It is the soul of ac
tion. It conform- to the providence of God. It
has confidence in man, and an abiding reliance in
his destiny. It seeks the largest liberty, the
greatest good, and the surest happinness. It aims
to build up the greatest interests of the many, to
the least detriment of the few. It remembers the
past, without neglecting the present. It estab
lishes the present without fearing to provide lor
the future. It cares for the weak, while it per
mits no injustice to the strong. It conquers the
oppressor, and prepares the subject of tyranny tor
freedom. It melts the bigot’s heart to ineekue.-s,
and reconciles his mind to knowledge. It dis
pels the cloud of ignorance and superstition, and
prepares the people for Instruction and self-re
spect. It adds wisdom to legislation, and improv
ed judgment to government. It favors enterprise
and yields a reward to many, and an industry that
is permanent. It is the pioneer of humanity—
the conservator of nations. It fails only when it
ceases robe true to itself. Vox puipuli. Vox Dei,
has proved to lx* a proverb and prediction.
A Change.
We leant from the Eufatila Spirit of the Sooth,
that Mr. Wttgmm has sold the Southern Xatice. to
Messrs. Jos. H. Butt and John A. Burton, who
will shortly issue in lieu thereof the EttfutUu Ex
press. a paper independently Southern in politics,
and devoted chiefly to commercial news and in
terests. Mr. Butt, who will have charge of the
editoriu! department, is a member of the bar, and
an e;cj>erieneed writer, while his associate la well
qualified for its typographical arrangement. They
will doubtless make it all they promise*.
The Corn Crop in Kentucky.—The Louis
ville Journal says that the corn has never been so
large in Kentucky as the present crop promises to
be. It states that there are fields in the blue grass
region estimated at 175 bushels to the acre, while
those promising 75 io 80 bushels are quite com-
The new Republican dogma—that slavery
at the South is incompatible with liberty in the
North will, no doubt, be made the next subject of
agitation in Congress, and serve to confuse and
perplex the country, and destroy all hope of useful
and practical legislation.
It is said that, at the coming session, the Re
publicans will propose to repeal the restriction of
the English Bill, and, though the measure, if suc
cessful, could he of no practical utility, it will ef
fectually prevent Congress from giving attention
to ordinary business.
Convention in New Yoke.—At the late elec
tion in New York, a vote w as taken upon the ques
tion of calling a Convention to amend the Consti
tutiou of the State. Thv New York Express con
siders it almost a fixed fact that the Convention
w ill becalled# One of the principal motives of the
movement is the desire to removethe elective fea
ture of the Judiciary, which, itis alleged, has been
productive of greatevy.
Tor GovKH.vtfK.sr Credit. —As was palpably
shown by the numerous bids for the Government
loans recently made, and by the average high rate
of premium offered, the credit of the United States
stands high, notwithstanding the financial embar
rassment that has recently been experienced
throughout the commercial world and the present
depleted condition of the Treasury, consequent
upon that revulsion. A still further proof of this
confidence, which capitalists repose in the Gov
ernment. is involved in the fact that a few days
ago a warrant was drawn in favor of the United
Slates Treasurer for about $438,500, being the
amount of the premium accruing to the Govern
ment on the late 310.000.000 loau. This pay
ment was ?inade with encouraging promptitude;
and we are also told that the parries whose bids
for the loans were successful, have been able to
make profitable transfers of their investments very
readily, and there is probably no other stock in
the country as much sought after as these Gener
al Government bonds.— lUa*A. Star,
Cotton in Liberia.—The American portion
of the population of Liberia have commenced,
with much spirit, the cultivation of cotton. Pres
ident Benson, in a recent letter, says:—“There
has been twenty times more planted by Ainericu-
Liberians this year than ever before, of both na
tive and foreign seed, and I feel sanguine that its
cultivation will increase each succeeding year.”
A half ton of cotton seed sent out by the Man
chester (Eng.) Cotton Supply Association, has
been planted extensively. The Association has
also offered prizes for the production of cotton,
which Mr. Benson thinks will operate as a strong
stimulus to its cultivation. A party of emigrants
from Georgia sent home lately a sample of cotton
of a species which blossoms perpetually, and one
of their number asserts that good sea island cot
ton can be grown in Liberia.
Frost.—That we have had now for three con
secutive mornings, a very respectable white frost,
is undeniable, and our Soions of health have sanc
tioned. or taken the responsibility of recommend
ing the return of our citizens to their homes. With
all our previous hesitation, for cause assigned, we
now join in the advice, and faithfully say we be
lieve our friends may in safety come baek.
We do this, not so much from the three white
frosts, as from the assurance of several, entitled to
belief, that ice ! was found by them on yesterday
morning. We have this report from several sour
ces. and included in them is one. at least, who is
too good “a Judge” to be mistaken in matters of
fact. —Mobile Register.
Southern Pacific Railroad.—The New Or
leans Delta says that the contributions of Texas
to this road are on the most bountiful scale, and
that they are ready, and will be promptly made.
The English are preparing to construct a railroad
from Lake Superior to Frazier’s river, and their
enterprise is awakening the attention of our own
people, and should warn our government of the
necessity of action, to prevent being forestalled
by a rival power for commercial control on this
continent. The Delta predicts that this railroad
will swell the of Texas beyond all
previous precedent, and will hasten the di
vision of that commonwealth into three, perhaps
five, States. A general meeting of the stockhol
ders of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company,
will be held at Louisville, Kentucky, on the 25th
instant.
Preparing to Resist.—An English officer di
rect from Paraguay, it is stated in the N. Y. Tri
bune, reports that Lopez is preparing effective
modes of resistance and defence by building forti
fications and obstructing the navigation of the
river against the approach of the American squad
ron. He has placed chaius and booms across, and
proposes sinking light vessels in the channel, in
which event our .expedition could not ascend.
Several Belgian and Hungarian officers are engag
ed in directing operations.
Charleston Courier learns that there
was a slight fall of snow at Branchville on Mon
day night. Also that ice was seen along the line
of the South Carolina Railroad.
Illness of Ex-Governor Schley.—The
numeroue friends of this gentleman throughout
the Mate, and throughout the Union, will be
pained to learn that he is exceedingly ill at his
residence in this city. He has been confined to
his room for several days by a severe attack of
disease, and on yesterday, we learn, was affected
with paralysis.
From the Daily federal Union,
Georgia Legislatue.
S K X A T E.
Tuesday Morning. Nov. 9th* LSo*.
The Senate was called to order by Mr. W •
ML Brown, of the county of Marion, President
pro-tern, at 10 o’clock. The Journal was read,
and ou the call of the counties, and first reading
of bills, lion. P. H. Colquitt., in the Chair.
Mr. Adams introduced a bill to raise the bonds
of Constables in this State.
Mr. Bartlett, a bill to make uniform the laws in
regard to criminal trials.
Mr- Brisco, a bill in regard ft* garnishments and
attaclunents.-
Mr. Edmondson, a 1 dll to alter the law.-in re
gard to liens and judgments.
Mr. Fambroe, a bill to regulate the practice in
the Supreme Court, and to define the liabilities ol
stckholders iu joint slock companies.
Also a bill to abolish the usury laws. -Vo rate
specified ; 7 jn*r cent to la* understood.
Mr. Hill of Sumter, a bill to incorporate the
Colton Planters Rank and Loan Association, < ap
ital stock .<>,000,009, to be situated in Macon.
Privilege of extending to 310.000.ft00. to com
mence operation on the subscription of $300,000.
On motion 150 copies ordered to l*e printed for the
use of the Senate.
Mr. Dawson, a bill to alter the law in regard to
mortgages in this State.
Mr. Paine, a bill to amend an act exempting
certain property from levy and sale, adding cer
tain other articles therein mentioned, including
SIOO worth of provisions, 1 gun or rifle, bed and
bedding, family bible and family library, to the
amount of 8100.
Also a bill to define the powers of the Supreme
Court of this State, to reverse its own decisions,
making it necessary for the concurrence of all of
the Judges to reverse a decision.
Mr. Roberts, a bill to incorporate the Atlanta.
West Point and Columbus Telegraph Company.
Also a bill to incorporate the Rank of Mari
etta, capital stock SIOO,OOO.
Mr. Slaughter, a hill to alter the attachment
laws, making the attachments, not exceeding S3O
returnable to the Justice’s Court.
Mr. Strickland, a bill to amend the Penal Code,
making robbery by open force punishable with
death.
Also a bill amending the Penal Code, making
burghirv at night punishable with death.
Mr. Whitaker, of Fulton, a bill to alter the law
in regard to scire facias.
Some debate arose on the question of the pow
ers of the Senate to entertain such a bill. P. 11.
Colquitt, President, pro lent, being appealed to,
made the following decision : The Senate can
not entertain the bill, founding his decision on the
2d section of an act approved Feb. 2d, 1851.
Mr. Whitaker withdrew the bill for the pur
pose of again introducing it.
By the way Mr. Colquitt makes a fine officer,
and is a credit to his county and to the State.
Mr. Young, of Union, a bill to authorize the
Governor to appoint a State Geologist.
JttUs Head the Third Time.
A bill to collect interest on open accounts the
same as if they were liquidated demands. On
motion, the bill was referred to the Judiciary
Committee.
A bill to regulate tavern and retail licence of
this State. A debate of more than an hour resul
ted on the reading of the bill. The Report of
the committee of the whole House, was agreed to,
the bill recommitted and amended bv making the
provisions of the bill apply only to Elbert and
Marion counties On motion, the bill was laid on
the table for the present.
The Senate adjourned until 10 o’clock to-morrow
morning.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Tuesday Nov. 9.
After the call of thc'roll, and the reading of the
Journal, the House proceeded to business.
Mr. Harrison of Chatham moved to rec<-ti
sidcr so much of the Journal, as referred to the
disposition of the Resolution, appointing a Com
mittee. Ac. in relation to the Penitentiary.
After a running debate of some lenth in which
many of the members participated, the motion
for a recimoderation was lust. Ayes 07, Nays 75.
The special order of the day was a bill requir
ing persons wishing to obtain Railroad and Rank
Charters, to publish their intention fur five months
prior to the meeting of the General Assembly, in
two of the public gazettes published at the Capi
tol. Amended by saying; “from and after the
Ist January next.” A* also an additional section—
and with a further amendment by Mr. Smith of
Towns—the bill and amendments were agreed to
ami referred to the Judiciary Committee.
Mr. Roberts of Scriven, moved to reconsider
the hill lost yesterday, to compel Magistrates in
this State, to give bond and security for the faith
ful performance of their duties. After a few per
tinent remarks by Mr. R. as to the importance of
the bill, upon motion of Mr. Brigham it was re
ferred to the committee ou the Judiciary.
DUls Introduced.
Mr. Hardy of Jackson, to establish a system of
schools in this State, aud to provide a fund for the
Mr. Irwin of Wilkes, to re-organizc an Asylum
for the deaf and dumb. Also, to incorporate the
Cotton Planter's Convention of this State.
Mr. Smith of Tatnull, to refer the abolition of
the Penitentiary to the legal voters of the State
at the next general election.
Mr. Brigham offered a resolution requesting
our Senators and Representatives iu Congress to
use their influence to have certain monies refund
ed, which Georgia had paid out for military .servi
ce-, Ac. Referred to the Committee on Military
Affair-.
A resolution of the House lor the establishment
of certain mail routes, as amended by the
was passed.
The House adjourned to 9 1 -i o’clock, A. M.. to
morrow.
Seward’** Abolition Speech Bearing Frnlt—Slave
holder's ((invention In Maryland.
The natural and inevitable result of the brutal
and bloody programme laid down by Win. H. Se
ward in his Rochester speech, has already com
menced to be made apparent. For the past three
days there has been in session a convention of
slaveholders of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, in
which five counties—Talbot, Caroline, Dorchester,
! Somerset and Worcester—were represented. The
aggregate slave population of these five counties,
as given in the census of 1850, is 18,256, or a little
over one-fifth of the slave population of the whole
State. S<me of the most prominent public men
of that portion of Maryland have taken part in
the proceedings of the convention, the tone and
object of which may be gathered from the spirit of
the resolutions reported. They* declare that free
uegroisin and slavery are incompatible with each
other, and should not be permitted longer to ex
ist in their present relation, and recommend the
calling of a general convention of the State, to
meet in Baltimore in June next, to advise some
system to be presented to the Legislature for the
better regulation of the negro population of the
State.
Without undertaking to say how far the action
and object <>f‘thisconvention meet the approval
of the people of Maryland generally, we cannot
disguise from ourselves the provocation which ail
the elaveholding States of the Union have receiv
ed from the abolitionists of the North, aud par
ticularly from the leader of the abolition move
ment in this State. Seward's manifesto could not
havo failed to produce this effect: and we may ex
pect to see this issue which he has laid down met
by the |>eople of the Southern States in the same
manner as it has been met in Marylnd. Such are
the natural results of encouraging abolition aud
disunion agitators at the North. —X Y Herald.
Behind the Scenes.—lnnocent people have
often been surprised at public meetings to see with
what enthusiasm and unanimity persons scatter
ed in all quarters of an audience shout for partic
ular speakers. They regard such manifestations
as unmistakable evidence of the popularity of the
person called for. At a Republican meeting iu
Indiana, the other day, a speaker named Long,
reponded to a loud call and took the stand : but a
big, strapping fellow persisted in crying out, in a
stentorian voice, “Long! Long!” This caused a
little confusion, but after some difficulty in making
himself heard, the President succeeded iu stating
that Mr. Long, the gentleman honored by the call,
was now addressing them. “Oh. he be <l—d !” re
plied the fellow, “he’s the little sheezicks that told
me to call for Long!” This brought down the
house.
Health of New Orleans.—The reports of
the Board of Health yet chronicle deaths by fe
ver, but the infrequency, for some days, of new
cases, and the undoubted visitation of hard frost,
Friday night, and the culmination of cold weath
er that compelled the lighting of fires and general
donning of overcoats, disarms the city of all
danger even to strangers. The great current of
winter travel has, for a week, been settingin upon
us, adding to our population at least a thoiisaud
per day, aud business in all its departments, has
exhibited a palpable increase of activity. Our
citizens may now satelv return, and strangers,
looking to tills city for business or pleasure, can
visit us without fear. The gayety of the colder
months has commenced. St. Charles street has
put on its winter activity, and music peals out
nightly from its palaces of pleasure. Our hotels
lg*gin to be more frequented, and even’ depart
ment of the great industry of the city has religh
ted its fires.—.V. 0. Picayune, 7th inst.
Bonnets.—By late advices from Paris, there is
a reflux of the tide of fashion so far as regards that
important item of feminine attire, the bonnet.—
The aphelion point has evidently been reached
and passed, and bonnets are once more on the
increase. “Winter bonnets will be made rather
larger than those worn during during the past
year: the front comes further forward and the
crown slants off behind. The curtain is wide,
round, and not raised at all. The very wide anti
long strings are often bound with a piece of velvet
or ribbon of a different color. The inside trim
ming continue to be an empress knot or foliage or
ribbaa. #r else • ha)f wjrptth •? flawart.”
Newspapers and advertising—How to Build I p a
lit).
During the last few days we have seen a most
powerful illustration of the advantages of newspa
per advertising. About three weeks ago it Was
announced through these columns that we would
receive Citizens’ Bank money at par, for new sub
scriptions to the Avalanche. Through this adver
tisement we have received over a thousand dollars
of the bills on this Bank, and they are pouring iu
on us at the rate of fifty dollars a day. This re
sult affords another unanswerable argument in fav
or of the advertising. We have received subscri
bers in a region where our paj*er has never before
penetrated ; and, familiar as we have long been
with the immense benefit to be derived through
the instrumentality of advertising, we must con
fess we have been astonished at the results produc
ed by the little advertisement which appears in
our paper.
It is not only the duty of every business man to
advertise, but it is also his duty to patronize aud
sustain his newspaper, independent of the advan
tage he derives from its perusal; for newspapers
arc to a city what advertisements arc to its mer
chants. They do for a city gratuitously what ad
vertising does lor the man of busine> at a high
cost. They concentrate public attention upon its
affairs, keep the city, its markets, its wares. it>
splendid buildings, its -sights. “ Irons” and won
ders, its attractions of every name and phase, up
permost in the public mind. They go into^every
nook and corner of the surrounding country, into
every mail’s door, ami to every domestic fireside ;
they go abroad to great distance-, into other com
munities, and among strangers, exciting an inter
est in its concerns, and spreading information ot
its trade and attractions wherever they go. The
more the public at large hear and read of a city,
the more they are tempted to see, visit
and explore it. What would a merchant he if his
business was as obscure as bis name? What
would a merchant’s sign board over the street door
of hi? store do in attracting trade, if he did not
send it with a catalogue of his wares, in a newspa
per, to every mqn's door? Who would be tempt
ed to visit a city that had no newspapers, and
which they should hear of only accidentally, and
once in a year or a lifetime ?
Good newspapers give more importance to a city
than all other agencies combined. What passion
is more universal than the passion for reading
newspapers, and learning the news ? What dis
position is more general or uncontrollable than the
disposition to visit places that we hear of and
read of in every newspaper that cornea to our
door? In New York and the Yankee towns their
newspapers are not ample enough to hold the ad
vertisements of all the multifarious enterprises and
avocations there iu vogue, and every expedient i.~
resorted to familiarize the public at a di.-tancc with
their concernments. A town can never grow to
be the commercial emporium of a country until it
incomes the topic of every tongue, and the centre
<*f attraction to the gaze of every man, woman,
beau, belle, girl, boy and child in the region
round about; and this can never be done except
by means of newspapers. —Memphis A rate nchc.
Material Aid for Mexico.
[From the New York Herald, Nov. 6.]
We learn that Dr. E. S. Billings, who has been
for some weeks in this country as the agent of
Gen. Alvarez, making arrangements for sending
material aid to the constitutionalists in Mexico,
leaves here to-day in the steamer for A spin wall,
on his return to Acapulco. He has been quite
successful in his operations, and arrangements
have been made with Mr. James R. Morgan, of
this city, under which General Alavrez will soon
receive a large supply of Minnie rifles, muskets,
powder, and lead, aud other little arrangements of
an effective character. With theM, General Alva
rez calculates to be in the city of Mexico in Jan
uary next, and to checkmate his old antagonist,
Santa Anna, in his new plans for plundering the
republic.
From tin* Covalla (Liberia) Messenger.
The French Emigrant System.—French ves
sels under authority of the Government have been
for some time engaged in procuring emigrants
along the Coast for the West Indies, and other
French possessions.
The commanders of these ships ask for free emi
grants, but in reality obtain slaves. Wry few
freemen, if any, non- tfiattht scheme is understood,
ship: but slavery prevailing all along the Coast
and everywhere in the interior, the owners readily
dispose of slaves for the price offered by the trader.
In truth this scheme i- attended with all the evils
of the slave trade. A soon as an emigrant ship
makes her appearance, the chief and native tra
ders on the Coast, send iu every direction in the
interior lor dan-. Those on hand are at ottce
set in motion, and, predatory expeditions under
taken to procure more. Not only so. Kid
napping is resorted to a- far us practicable.
Parties visiting tbe Coast, or on the way thither,
for the purposes of lawful traffic, arc seized and
confined by their host s for tbe free emigrant ships.
If any opposition is manifested t< destiny, the
eapitives are -übjectcd to an ordeal, which places
before them, the alternative of submission or
death.
Teach Your Children to Swim.—Levi Buck,
a boy not yet twelve years of age. was one of the
passengers in the burned steamship Austria, and
saved his life by swimming nearly an hour. Tbe
brave little fellow is the son of Mr. .S. Buck, of
Washington, D. C. The narrative of this child
appears in the Washington .Star, and is a.-: intelli
gible and as interesting as the narrative of the
adult survivors. He says :
I was under the charge of my aunt, who was
twenty-four years of age. At the time the fire
broke out we were on deck, and the Captain was
asleep, and they waked him up, when he rushed
upon deck and exclaimed, “ Children, we are all
lost !” The Captain then stripped off’ his coat and
jumped overboard. There was great excitement
among the passengers, aud they tried to get the
fire buckets, but they could not get the fire buck
ets, as the buckets were all fastened and could not
be got loose. The life boats were filled with the
passenger* while they were still hanging at the
ship’s side, and the ropes which held them were
cut, which plunged boats ami all into the sea.
So great was the rush that my aunt and I were
separated; and a man by the name of Pollock was
hanging to the chains of the anchor, aud he called
to me to come to him. I then tried to reach him,
and I was hurried over the heads and shoulders
of the throng, who were uncertain which way to
go. 1 slipped down the chains aud clinched upon
Mr. Pollock’s neck ; and then I held fast for about
an hour, when my shirt caught fire. 1 was all
the time holding by Mr. Pollock’s hair. When
my shirt was on fire. Mr. Pollock said, “My boy.
we must go,” and he plunged into the sea with
me clinging to him. As we struck the water. 1
lost my hold of him. and swam about for nearly
an hour, when I was taken up by the boat of the
Maurice, and about an hour and a half afterward
Mr. Pollock was picked up by one of the boats of
the Maurice. When 1 was clinging to Mr. Pol
lock’s neck the magazine exploded with a terrible
noise, and I saw many persons flying in the air.
From the New Haven Journal &. Courier.
An Interesting Case.—The Superior Court
for Litchfield County has decided an interesting
question, arising under the usury law of Connec
ticut, which we find reported as follows iu the
Litchfield Enquirer
Samuel J. Stocking vs. Joseph I. Gaylord—■
Tried before Judge Seymour. This was a petition
brought by Mr. Stocking, as Assignee of Amos
Geer, founded upon the statute against usury : al
leging that Mr. Gaylord had taken more than six
per cent, for money loaned and secured by mort
gage. The petioner claimed that all interest paid
upon the debt had been forfeited; and should be
applied in payment of the principal, and that the
debt in that way had been paid in full, and asked
for a decree that the defendant should quit-claim
the mortgage. The defendant admitted that if
he had brought a petition to foreclose, or an action
upon thenote, the statute would have applied, but
claimed that, inasmuch as the borrower of money
had brought a petition to redeem the mortgaged
lands, he must do equity, and pay the principal
and interest at 6 per cent. The Court decided in
accordance with the claim of the defendant, and
found the debt, with interest, to be $319.35. For
petitioner. Woodruff and Graves : for defendant,
Hubbard A Ransom.
Gen. Wm. Walker—His Own Account of
his Plans. Washington, Xov. B.—Gen. William
Walker’s business here is uot directly with the
Government; it is in part to ascertain the extent
of the proposed British interference in Nicaraguan
affairs. He is satisfied that it will be no hindrance
to lawful emigration Uj Nicaragua. He denies
the truth of the statement that there has been a
sale of bonds, aud the Transit route, ank hence
that part of the President’s Proclamation must
have been founded on incorrect information. He
further says, that the passengers leaving Mobile,
are expected to pay their own expenses and act on
their own responsibility. The emigration is under
the auspices of the Southern Emigration Company,
which has been in existence for six months, and
has branches in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana
and Georgia. There is no clashing of interests
between it and the Canal Company. Gen. Wal
ker will probably leave for Mobile to-morrow,
though it is not eeriain that he will go out with
the first party to Nicaragua.
European News —Telegraph Meeting at Bos
ton,—Boston, Aor. S.—A meeting of the business
men of Boston interested in receiving European
news via Halifax direct, wa? held at noon in tho
Merchants’ Exchange, for tho purpose of taking
into consideration the importance of constructing
a liuo of telegraph from Boston to Halifax, via
Capo Ann and Yarmojitb, N. S. F. N. Gisborne
addressed the meeting, which was presided over
by the Mayor. Mr. G. stated that he had arran
ged with the Nova Scotia Company to take their
lines at tho par value $l2O r>er mile, and further
intended that his line should finally terminate in
Europe. He requires, in order to make success
certain, a capital of $400,000. Certain Boston
merchant* generally express themselves favorably
with reference to tbe matter, and a committee was
appointed to report at another meeting to be held
mum Monday.
COLUMBUS, SATURDAY, .NOVEMBER 13, 1858
Senator Hammond** Speech.
We have not found leisure, until yesterday, to
read the speech of this distinguished South-Caro -
liuiau, delivered at Barnwell Court House on the
-9th ult. We arose from its perusal with a very
high appreciation of the dialectic skill of the ora
tor and the rhetorical merit of his jwrformauee. —
More than this wc cannot say in commendation.
Os the general tom* and scope of the address w'p
emphatically disapprove. It is a labored attempt
to demonstrates, in the face of contradicting histo
ry, that the institution of slavery is stronger in
the Union than it ever was, and, therefore, that
the apprehensions of the Southern people for its
safety are groundless. Asa corollary from this
proposition it resuits that all the efforts which the
.Soutn has made through her Statesmen to pre
serve her equality aud to protect her rights, have
been as superfluous and -silly as they have been un
successful. All our pa.-ft ap]eals to Southern hon
or are to be condemned as unmeaning nonsense,
and our demand for Southern rights lampooned as
an ancient folly. At a time when it seems to us, the
South should keep a more diligent watch than ever
andgird on her armoriu preparation for tbe assault
which is now vauntingly threatened by her ene
mies, she is lulled to confident security and re
pose by the syren song of peace. Slavery strong
er, indeed! A quarter of a century ago, the anti
slavery party in this country had not been sum
moned into existence. It made an insignificant
beginning iu prayer to Congress, by a few misera
ble fanatics, for the abolition of slavery iu the Dis- i
trict of Columbia. The law of its existence has
beeu that of progression—rapid, miraculous.—
Within the period of a short life, it has successive
ly absorbed or overthrown every political organ
ization w hich has dared to contend with it in the
Northern States, and to-day itsr prophet-leader,
from tbe vantage-ground of a recent victory, bran
dishes his sword and, in the light that flashes from
its crimson blade, reads tbe conquest and degra
dation of the .South. The extravagance of its pre
tensions has been fully commensurate with the
enormity of its growth. From petition it has ad
vanced to demand : from demand to threat, and
execution follows the threat with that invariable
sequence with which the thunder pursues the
dash. It is true that public opinion in the .South
has changed upon the question—that the South is
now more united upon the morality of slavery than
she has ever been, and we would not disparage the
moral power which this unanimity of sentiment
would give her iu a contest with her enemies, but,
it must be admitted that her political power is in
course of rapid decay : her comparative, numeri
cal strength is represented on an abruptly descend
ing scale. By way of allaying the apprehensions
which such a reflection would naturally excite, Mr
Ilammond tells us that “the abolition party in the
free States is now almost wholly political:” by
which we suppose he means that the element of
fanaticism does not inhere in it any longer. His
remarks on this subject involve him in a patent
contradiction.
After the observation above quoted, he says :
“Do you suppose that the Sewards, Hales, Wades.
Wilsons, Chases and their associates care any
thing for African slavery, or are really hostile to
our system of labor, any more than is the Presi
dent, Dickinson. Bright. Pugh or Douglas? I
do not. Their object is political power. They
have placed themselves on this spring-tide of fan
aticism to obtain it.” We thought, however, that
there was no fanaticism. There can be none, cer
tainly, without fanatics. Perhaps Senator Ham
mond can demonstrate that fanaticism is a thing
and may exist objectively. No, the truth is, that
fanaticism is the substratum—the base-work of the
organization. No party could have survived ten
long years of defeat and scorn, as it did, unless it
were established upon such a foundation. They
imbibe it with their mother's milk, it is taught
them iu their schools ami colleges, preached to
them from the pulpit until hostility to slavery ac
quires all the sacredness of a religious tenet. Upon
the assumption of this unappeasable hatred.
Mr. Seward lately predicted a collision between
the two systems of labor w hich should end only
by the extinction of one or the other. It was in
view of the element of perpetuity w hich the spir
it of fanaticism imparts and guarantees to the
abolition party, that lie declared the conflict be
tween freedom and slavery to be not an ephem
eral excitement upon temporary issues, but a great
moral and political battle, involving in its result
tbe fate of the whole country for all t ime. Such
is the declaration of the organ of the party which
is fated to control this government within a few
years, and yet a Southern Senator, because Exeter
Hall has repented somewhat of its negro senti
mentality. and France has turned negro thief, in
vites the South to lethargy with the cry of “all’s
well.”
MILLEDGEVILLE CORRESPONDENCE.
Milledgevii.lk, Nov. 10th. ISSS.
Messrs. Editors: —There was quite a white frost
here this morning, which gladdened the hearts of
our Savannah friends. The members of the Leg
islature have gone to work in good earnest, meet
ing twice a day, reading bills and passing them.
In the Senate, a bill was laid on the table for the
present, abolishing the Supreme Court. There
was quite a majority against the consideration of
the bill at this time, and the sense of the Senate is
undoubtedly against the passage of such a bill.
The Court may be made stationary, and perhaps
six months may be given tbe Judges to write out
their decisions, but no other changes will be made.
A biil, allowing attorneys a lieu upon negroes de
fended by them in Court, where the owner refuses
compensation for their services, and refusing ne
groes bail when indicted for insurrection, elicited
considerable discussion—Messrs. Slaughter of
Dougherty, Hill of Harris, Tucker of Stewart,
Whitaker of Fulton and Thomas: of Gwinnett,
took part in the discussion.
Mr. Harris, of Meriwether, offered an amend
ment to the bill —making it inapplicable to any
ease which may be pending in any of the Courts
of law or equity in this Suite at the time of its
passage. He disclaimed any intention to defeat
the bill, or to clog its passage, upon the contrary
he favored some of its provisions, and believed thaA
humanity to the negro, as well as justice ft* all
parties interested demanded their enactment, but
the object of his amendment was to correct a great
and growing evil—an evil which had crept into
the Legislattion of the State of Georgia, which
good men lamented to see, and which, if unar
rested might unsettle the right* of individuals,
and produce an endless train of litigation and
confusion—it is the evil of special and case legis
lation under the aspect of general law.
It was a fact, he said, well known to Senators,
that this General Assembly ha* been called upon
to review acts which looked very much like they
had been passed to fit particular cases: he .would
make no charge of that sort against the bill now
under consideration, nor would he impugn the
motives of Senators who advocated it, he would
spurn any intimation from any quarter, that the
friends of this measure would so far degrade their
high position a* to legislate for a particular ease
under the guise of a general law ; but, whilst he
would do justice to the motives of Senators, he
would not be unmindful of the rights, and inter
ests of the country. He contended that the Leg
islature of the State of Georgia had no right to
pass laws which would affect the rights aud inter
ests of parties litigant in any case, which might be
pending in Court at the time of its passage. Ad
mit the principle, said he, adopt it as a rule of
legislation, and what man in this country is se
cure in the enjoyment of his rights and property ?
It is an insidious blow—(although not so intend
ed) at the dearest, rights of the citizen. Suppose,
he said, (to illustrate his position) that he should
institute n suit against his neighbor for property
to which he had a perfect right at the time he ac
quired it, or when suit was commenced, pending
the trial of the case, a law is passed which takes
away his neighbor’s rights and robs him of his
property, would thc*re be any equity or justice iu
such legislation? Aud yet such results may fol
low from the passage of laws which are unlimited
and unrestricted in their operation. He hoped
that whether the amendment was adopted or not
that it would not be allowed to pass in its present
shape.
The bill wa* finally referred to a committee,
consisting of Messrs. Hill of Harris, Whitaker of
Fulton aud Colquitt of Muscogee. In the after
noon a few local bills passed. In the House, the
bill repealing the usury laws was discussed. The
vote upon the bill stood, ayes 71, nays 71. The
Speaker voted in the negative and the bill was
lost. Alexander M. Speer, Esq., the Clerk of the
House, resigned his office to-day. Business in the
different Courts compelled him to leave Milledge
ville during the session, hence his resignation.—
lie ha* been one of the most efficient and popular
Clerks that we have ever had. By the way, he
if spoken of M tfce next Democratic oandidate for
Congress iu the 3d district. Hon. W. H. Stiles
speaks to-night upon the subject of Southern
Rights in the hall of the House of Representa
tives.
Two parties ure now given during the week at
Brown's Hotel. Among the fair representatives
from different portions of the State. Columbus is
unsurpassed. C.
Mu.i.edge l , jlle, Nov. 11, 1858.
Mr. Editor—lion. William 11. Stiles made a ve
ry able Speech last night to the members of tbe
Legislature. He reviewed the whole question of
slavery; showed the inequality of the tariff; ad
vocated direct taxation; eulogized the gallant
“Coffin Regiment” of i860; opposed any more
compromises—and alluded in glowing terms to
the ability of the South to protect herself, if she
would have the spirit and resolution. It was such
a speech as the Uuion-at-auy-priee gentlemen
should have heard.
Nothing of interest occurred to-day in the Sen
ate. I send you the report of a discussion in the
House.
THE HOUSE.
Met at 10 o’clock: the Clerk having called the
roll, aud the journal being read, the House pro
ceeded to business.
A motion by Mr. Wilkes of Lincoln, to recon
sider so much of the Journal of yesterday as re
lates to the loss of the bill introduced by Mr. Mil
ledge of Richmond, in relation to Railroad
and Bank charters. Mr. Wilkes thought
that if the bill could be so amended as to take ef
fect after the lirst of January next, there would
be found gentlemen in favor of its passage.
Mr. Milledge said that in this bill there was no
“snake in the grass,” certainly he had no personal
interest in the bill, and be wished gentlemen to
ha ve an opportunity of offering such amendment;
he had introduced the bill believing it to be a just
one, and one that would prevent the granting of
charters, without mature deliberation, because the
advertisements contemplate <1 iu the bill would
arrest tbe attention of tb people and their repre
sentatives, Ac.
Mr. Hardeman, had yesterday opposed the bill;
lie thought it was a m ;lity, and he thought so yet.
! Many of our cities now had as many banks as
they wished. Railroad charters had been obtain
ed and the roads built. The gentleman had said
that there was no “snake in the grass.” Ido noi
think there is. but we have the constitutional pri
vilege. to introduce any bill we may choose, nud
gentlemen are not obliged to grant any charter
without due deliberation. The bill wus a reflec
! tion upon the Legislature, and were he u member
of the next Legislature, lie should claim the privi
lege of introducing any bill, which the wishes or
wants of his constituents might require—and was
it right, was it just that any'such restraints should
be placed upon the people of the .State.
Mr. Luft'nian of Murray; If the gentleman
from Richmond will change the caption of his
bill, and phrase it as an amendment, or an addi
| t ion a 1 section to the constitution with an amend
ment that tbe Legislature grant no more Bank
charters, I will give it my hearty support. It is
due to the gentleman from Richmond, and the
friends of thi- bill, that 1 should say, that upon
the first readiug, it met from me a partial favor,
but upon more mature reflection, my opinions have
changed.
Mr. Smith of Towns: It was due to himself
and to the House that he should explain his po
sition on this bill, aud his reasons for opposition.
Tell me, said he, that there are Railroads enough
iu Georgia. In Great Britain, where the land
belongs to the Lords, Railroads are running In
every direction, and here iu Georgia, where the
soil belongs to the yeomanry, how many fertile
valleys are yet without these facilities. [The
: remarks of Mr. Smith were interrupted by a mes
j sage from the Senate, announcing the passage of
| certain bills, and Mr. Smith then resumed.] You
have returned to annual sessions: your election
comes on in October; let every man meet upon a
common footing; every citizen isequal, as well in
civil a> political rights, and for one he would nev
er consent to pul upon the statute book, any law
which would interfere with these rights, in the
| most flattering manner Mr. Smith alluded to the
! uniform urbanity and ever gentlemanly con
duct and course of the gentleman from Rich
j moud, and for these reasons, though opposed to
bill, he would vote for the reconsideration.
Mr. Wilkes of Lincoln, thought the fight nar
rowed down to the city of Augusta, so far as the
banks were concerned; that for the present they
were in the hands of the Executive of this State,
Mr. Mintz of Jackson: If there was merit in
the bill let it be reconsidered, and with certain
j amendments he might vote for it.
Mr. Harris of Glvun, did not wish to put him
self in antagonism to the gentleman, without giv
j iug his reasons. He thought when bills for char
i tering railroads or banks were presented to the
Legislature, it would tnenbe time to place re
strictions, Ac.
The motion to reconsider was lost. Yeas 67
nays 77.
Mr. Schley of Burke moved to reconsider that
portion of the Journal which relates to the loss
of a bill iu relation to money loaned at any rate
of per cent. Ac.
Mr. Smith of Towns, regretted to rise again so
soon and hoped the motion to reconsider would
prevail. Money was a commodity and should be
hired as any other comwidity is hired. If the
usury laws were repealed, what would be the con
sequence, who would be benefit ted ? why the poor
man.
A message from his Excellency the Governor
was announced.
Mr. Smith resumed. You say the capitalist
shall not make what he pleases upon his money,
if he charges over 7 per cent, he is branded a
usurer —you leave the farmer to make any per
cent he can on his crop, the merchant, the owners
of ships Ac., Ac. Repeal the usury laws, let the
provisions of this Bill be passed upon by the peo
ple at the next general election. Repeal the usu
ry laws which benefit only the Shylocks, and the
consequence would be that the capitalists who now
invest in other States would bring their money
here, competition would spring up and the rate
of interest would be consequently reduced.
Mr. Smith’s was a lengthy and able speech in
favor of the Repeal of the usury laws and I have
endeavored to give the leading ideas as briefly as
possible.
The Hon. Speaker Mr. Underwood desired to
make a few remarks, and Mr. Harrison of Chat
ham was culled to the chair. Laws Mr. Under
wood said were necessary for the protection of the
weak, against the oppression of the strong. He
believed that this bill had originated with the cap
italists of the country and not with the people. If
the bill was for the benefit of the people God knew
his heart, and he would be for it, but if it was for
the good of the poor man he had not the percep
tion to see it. In his comity the money lenders
had voted for his opponent, the borrowers had vo
ted for him, and he asked every man ou this floor
who supported this bill how many of their constit
uents had instructed them to vote for it. Articles
had been written and published in the papers, at
the instigation of capitalists asking the repeal of
the usury laws. The gentleman last year had vo
ted against the Banks, for the very reason that
they made more than 7 per cent. Mr. Smith ex
plained, that this was so. because the banks alone
under tbe present law, by their charters made 21
per cent by their triple capital : that he wished
the usury laws repealed, and why should they be
allowed to make three times what private lenders
with small capitals could do.
Mr. Underwood resumed. If tbe gentleman
wishes a fair expression of the people upon this
question, let him introduce a Resolution to that
effect and refer the bill to the vote of the people,
aud when he said the People, ho meant the Peo
ple, he meant to protect the interest of the People,
those who made the bread and meat. The poor
were those whom he wished to protect, and the
gentleman knew it. He might be called a dem
agoguo, he was proud of the appellation. He
would ask every man in this House upon what
tests the prosperity of the country? The agri
cultural interests of Georgia. Pass this bill and
capital would be diverted from this interest, that
planters and farmers might become money lend
ers. He was in favor of keeping the interest down
to 7 per cent, and wished to know if any gentle
man proposed any amendments.
Mr. Wilkes, If I contract with you for money
at a greater rate of interest than 7 per cent, are
you not in favor of passing a law to make me keep
that contract ?
Mr. Underwood, That is not the issue, if a man
lends money at 15 per cent, he takes honor as the
pledge for its payment, Ac. l)o you wish to ex
clude the Banks from the provisions of this Bill ?
Mr. Smith, wished the bill to stand as it was.
Mr. Underwood, I have asked for proposed
amendments I hope the motion to reconsider will
be lost.
Mr. Barrett of Gordon, would vote fora recon
sideration, but would not say how he should vote
on a final consideration.
The motion to reconsider was lost; Ayes 55, Nays
88.
A message was received from the Senate through
Mr. Terhune, notifying the House of the passage
of several bills by that branch of the Legislature.
It is announced that the Message of tho Gove
nor of Georgia “is devoted entirely to State affairs.’
Has it then become so common for State Execu
tives to discuss national rather than State questions,
(hat it is deemed necssary, in case of an exception,
‘Ho make a note of it?”
The Govenor of Georgia, if he has douo what is
attributed to him, has done n sensible thing; and
deserves the thanks of his constituents, and also
the approval of the whole country. The business
of, a State Executive, as we understand it, is to
discuss State affairs; to which these annual Mess
ages should be strictly and exclusively confined.
Journal of Commerce.
Georgia Penitentiary.— There were in the
Penitentiary on the Ist October, 1858, one hun
dred and eighty-thm eonrlete,
COLUMBUS, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 15. 1858.
Mate Investments In Railroad*.
We oomiuend to the consideration of our Legis
lators the followiug extract from the Journal of
Commerce, in relation to the above subject. While
the result of one expcriinont in Georgia is resorted
to in order to justify a departure from a principle
admitted to be correct, it may uot be deemed im
pertinent, or useless, to show the uniformity with
which similar violations of right and policy have
entailed disaster upon offending commonwealths.
A comprehensive induction vindicates the wisdom
of the “let alone” system, and proves our own
satisfactory experience in opposition thereto, iu a
solitary instance, to be an exceptional case. In
deed, it would be strange were it otherwise. If
the observance and the violation of correct princi
ple, of fundamental truth, were equally subject to
the caprice of fortune aud alike followed by suc
cess or defeat, we should have reason to doubt the
stability, or even existence, of the moral govern
ment of the universe. In tbe great chain of eter
nal order there must be some connection between
error and failure, between truth and triumph.—
Nay, every department of life, individual or
national, furnishes abundant demonstration of the
fact But to the extract:
“The experience of most of the States which
have made investments in Railroads, either in the
way of the direct construction of such works, or
in that of loaning State credit, in whatever form,
has generally proved disastrous. At the North,
we know of hut few instances, where any return
of the money has been received. In N “
Y'ork, we believe, nearly every dollar of money
pledged in any form to Railway corporations, has
beeu utterly lost, not only to the State, but gen
erally to tbe Companies also, for as a general prin
ciple, the line- which have required State aid in
their construction, have been those which did not
command the confidence of capitalists, and prov
ed a had investment to all concerned. The same
ill luck has generally attended the loans furnished
by municipal corporations, very few of which
have realized, or are likely to realize, any return
for the money or credit thus furnished to lines ter
minating in or passing through their several lo
calities.
The famous loan to the Erie Road, by which the
lost outright three millions of dollars, w ill
not soon be forgotten by the authorities or the
taxpayers of New Y ork. Smaller sums, ut nearly
the same period, went toother corporations, and
all with the same, or nearly the same result. Wc
are uot quite sure that the State did not realize an
inconsiderable sum from the sale of the Hudson
and Berkshire Road, but the general fact is as we
have stated.
The State of Massachusetts had better luck with
its loan to the Western ( Albany and Boston)
Railroad corporation, that line having proved a
successful and profitable one. Whether tbe same
success will attend its advances to the Troy ami
Greenfield corporation, for the purpose of tunnell
ing the Hoosao mountain, is extremely doubtful.
Our only surprise is, that the work has proceeded
sufficiently, to entitle the Company to receive from
the State, its advances, according to the condi
tions of the law.
Michigan, at an early day, went into the Rail
? road business, as did also several other Western
States, without any great degree of advantage,
beyond the accumulation of an experience, which
has served to warn future legislators in those
States, against further meddling with a business,
which is clearly better left to private enterprise.
Indeed there is cumulative evidence against the
policy of meddling with railway building, by
State authorities or municipal corporations, in
any form whatever.
A Luxury.—To those who can appreciate a
good cigar we recommend the Regalias of Van
Marcus. An experiment of no mean extent, en
ables us to speak with positiveness and confi
dence of their excellence, and to challenge the
doubting to a trial.
Georgia Annual Conference.— We are re
quested to call attention to the fnct that the Annu
al Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church
for this State, will begin its next session in thi>
City on tho 15th of next month. It is expected
that more than two hundred ministers will be in
attendance.
Deputy Marshal.—The election on Sat
urday last for Deputy Marshal of this city,
resulted in the choice, by a plurality vote, of
Mr. Henry Riley, he leading Mr. J. F. Howard,
his heighest competitor, eight votes.
Death by Burning.—About the hour of 11.
on Saturday night, a fire was discovered in the
extreme lower portion of the city, proceeding
from a house occupied by a Mrs. Eliza Meacham
(or Minehen.) The house was entered, when the
dead body of said occupant was found upon the
floor, literally burnt to a crisp. Various conjec
ture* arfe entertained in relation to the cause of
her death and the arson.
Type-Setting Machine.—According to the
New Y'ork Evening Post, tbe machine for setting
type, invented by Mr. Timothy Alden, of Barre,
Mass., has been so far improved that the problem
of setting type by machinery appears to be solved.
For the information of the craft, we copy tho
description of its mode of operation
“Composition is performed by the agency of
keys, of which there are one hundred ami tifty
fuur. In the interior of the apparatus'is a “regis
tering wheel,” capable of holding sixty cm*, upon
which the types indicated by the compositor arc
first arranged, and are transfersl from it ft> the
groove in frqpt of the keys, thence to he taken,
justified. Ac. This wheel, revolving five times a
minute, enablesu skilful compositor to set up thir
ty-six thousand eins in feu hours—thus doing the
work of three men. The distributing process is
performed at the same time. The type are selec
ted by conveyor* from a stick at the right hand of
the compositor. The selection is directed by the
nick* in the type, into which they arc fitted, no
two having a similar nick. Thus the letter a can
be taken by only one arrangement of conveyor*,
and the other cannot possibly take it up. For
bookwork Mr. Alden’s invention is admirably ad
apted: and it may be applied to a considerable ex
tent iu newspaper offices. But where a great va
riety of letter is employed, it could not be adapted
to so much advantage.”
;a new arrangement.
The ‘•South” and “The state*” to be Consolidated.
An arrangement has been concluded between
R. A. Pryor, editor of the Richmond South, aud
the proprietor of this paper The States, by which
the South and the States are to be consolidated
into one paper, to be published in this city, in an
enlarged form aud to be under the editorial con
trol of Mr. Pryor.
The papier will be the organ of no person or
clique, but devoted to the general interests of the
Democratic party in accordance with the principle*
of State-rights Democracy.
Mr. Pryor will undertake the editorial control
of the paper between the 20th of this month and
the Ist of Dec.
It will be continued under the name of “THE
STATES,” and published on the following term*:
daily :
One copy per year, - - - $6 00
Two copies per year, - - - 10 00
BEMI-WEKKLY :
One copy per year, - - - 300
weekly:
One copy per year. - 2 00
Five copie* to a club. - - 8 00
Ten copies to a club, - - 15 00
Twenty copies sent to one address, - 20 00
[ Washington State*.
Doing it Gracefully.—The Rome (X. Y.(
Sentinel “give* it up” in the following good hu
mored manner.
By such election return* as we have received we
are inclined to the belief that the country and
State have gone slightly Republican ! The late
hour pur returns close, leaves us no time for com
ment ; besides, we are otherwise too busily enga
ged, as we have our bundle of clothe* under our
arm, with a cotton pocket handkerchief full of
doughnut* swung over our shoulder, and are jus)
leaving on foot for Salt River. Good bye !
The Legislature.—Thus far both House* of
the General Assembly have evinced a laudable
desire to proceed with the public business with
dispatch. How long this state of thing* is to con
tinue, wo venture no prediction. But it should be
remembered that the Legislation thus far is almost
entirely local; very few of the subjects which
have been tho topiea of newspaper discussion du
ring the year, have yet been touched. Public
Education, State aid to Railroads, The State
Road, The Supreme Court, and other* of not less
importance and prominence are sleeping *in the
Committee room. When they get fairly before
the Legislature, the battle of words will begin.—’
D*it# Federal CW#,
Georgia legislature,
THE HOUSE.
The usual preliminaries having been gone
through with, leave of absence was granted to
several members for a few days on special busi
ness, including the Hon. Speaker, Mr. Under
wood.
Y'estcrday, the House took most of the morn
ing in re-cousidering and correcting what they
had done the day before, and this morning the
regular order was suspended aud several bills of a
private nature were taken up and variously dis
posed of; we admire the zeal ot the gentleman
from Jackson who gave the House a lucid expla
nation of the circumstances connected with one of
these hills, which we understand has been up in
every Legislature for the last twenty years, but
was again lost, and Mr. Mintz gave uotiee that
he should move, in the morning, a reconsidera
tion of the same. Like the 1 didapper’ thG bill will
come up every now and then it seems, and though
it breathes not itself at least subserves this end to
the reporters.
A bill to lay out anew county from Fayette
ami Henry to be called Butler, was read. Hon.
Speaker stated that there was a memorial ac
companying this bill, and wished to know if auy
gentleman wished it read.
Mr. Bigham thought the right to memorialize
inalienable, and as the memorial in relation to this
bill was on the table.he wished it read, which was
done. The memorial petitioned the Legislature
to defer any action upon this bill until a petition
could he transmitted. Ac. A petition was read
from the citizens most interested, pray iug the pas
sage of the bill.
Mr. Irwin said that although not being either
for or against the formation of this new county,
and though a large number of citizens of both
these two counties wished it new one to be formed,
still the memorial having set forth (hat the bill
was unfairly gotten up, he was in favor of delay
ing the action of the House.
Mr. Spravberry of Catoosa, said that this was
no new question sprung uj*ou the Legislature, the
bill had beeu up at the last session, and he thought
the members as fully prepared to vote upon the
question now as they would be twenty years hence,
lie would explain the history of this bill; It was
made a test question at the lasi election, in layette
county. The old county candidates had been de
feated. Ac., and that a large idajority of the citi
zens of this county w ished anew one to be tunn
ed.
Mr. Bigham asked Mr. Spravberry a question.
Mr. Spray berry replied by asking another.
Mr. Big haw <|id nui rise to be catechised.
Mr. Walker of Henry, was opposed to all new
comities, except upon certain conditions.
A number of gentlemen ro.su and made remarks,
some in favor of laying the billon the table for the
present, some in favor of its immediate passage,
and others were opposed to new counties on general
principles, though not opposed to or In favor ot
this one in particular. The Hon. .Speaker ruled
the whole debate as having been out of order from
its commencement, aud the discussion of the
question was postponed until the 25tii iust.
A Resolution requesting the Governor to fur
nish certain information to the House, respecting
the Western and Atlantic Railroad was read, and
the yea.- and nays were taken on its adoption, and
being counted, resulted as follows : ayes 54, nays
In anticipation of being entertained with the
eloquence of several members of the House, upon
tbe question of State Aid, as regards the Macon
and Brunswick Railroad Company, which had
been made the special order of the day, and the
weather being extremely favorable for a display,
the ladies turned out cn masse, and graced the
Halls of Legislation with their presence, but after
j the, (to them) uninteresting, “stale flat, and uu-
I profitable” proceedings of the early part of the
morning, when the call of the counties was com
menced, a shade of disappointment might have
been observed, “to pass o’er their fair faces,” and
they showed their disapprobation of the dry pro
ceedings which were to ensue, by an adjournment
to the Senate Chamber where we hope they may
he well entertained and repaid for their “pains.
Dills t('c., Introduced.
Mr. McDonald of Berrien, to lay out anew
county from the counties of Lowndes, Berrien and
Clinch.
Mr. Schley of Burke, to lay out anew count 3*
from the counties of Scriven, Burke, Emmanuel
and Bullock.
Mr. Gordon of Chatham, to add an additional
section to the Penal Code of this State. This sec
tion provides that it shall not bo lawful for any
owner or employer of a slave or free person of color,
to give them, either a verbal or written permission
to sell any rice or cotton to auy person or persons
whomsoever, aud any one purchasing these articles
from any slave or free person of color, shall be
liable to fine or imprisonment or both. The im
portance of this section will suggest itself to the
merchants of our several commercial cities.
To amend the various acts iu relation to the
City Court of .Savannah.
For the Relief of Richard Scanlan of the coun
ty of Chatham.
To amend an act providing for the education of
State Cadets at the Georgia Military Institute.
Mr. Wall of Coffee: To incorporate the town of
Douglas in Coffee county.
I Mr. Guy of Colquitt: To incorporate the* town
of Moultrie in Colquitt county.
The Senate in a body came into the House and
proceeded to the election of a Director on the part
of the State, for the Bank of the State of Georgia
which resulted in the election of Mr. Solomon Co
hen, who received 141 votes.
After the election the House proceeded with the
introduction of new matter.
Mr. Davis of Marion; For the relief of Execu
tors. Administrators, Ac.
Mr. Webb of Milton: To limit the Hens of
judgments. *
Mr. Bigham of Troup: To add an additional
section to the Constitution—to operate ou Bank
Charters hereafter to be granted, and all Banks
whose charters may hereafter be changed. No
person or persons who shall purchase the charter
from original corporators, shall have power to
Conduct banking operations under the charter.—
Upon suspension of specie payments, all bills in
circulation shall bear interest from that date. All
executions issued against banks may be levied
on the private property of Stockholders, until
claims of creditors are paid. Stockholders shall
have the right to enforce contribution. No act
of the corporation shall so dissolve it as to pre
vent the collection of claims by law. No act of
the Legislature shall authorize any bank to issue
bills while the same is under suspension. The
Legislature shall have the right to niter, modify
or repeal the charter. Circulation shall at no time
exceed the proportion of $3 to $1 specie bona fide
in the vault of the Banks.
Mr. Cameron of Wayne: To amend the 18th
and 19th Sections of the Ist Article of the Consti
tution.
Also: To compel Sheriffs to advertise. Ac.
Also: To exempt practising physicians from Ju
ry and Military duty.
The special order of the day, to wit. to lend the
aid of the State to to the Macon and Brunswick
Railroad, was then taken up.
The first section was read, a motion was made
to strike out 8200,000 and insert SBOO,OO0 —Yeas
68, Nays 26. A motion to strike out not less than
$7,000 and insert not more than $7,000. Agreed to.
The second, third and fourth seetious as read
were agreed to.
The tilth section was read, amended aud agreed
to.
The sixth section amended by striking out 3
years and inserting 5 years, was agreed to.
The seventh section was read and agreed to.
The eighth section was amended thus: And
the lieu of this individual liability shall attach
and bind the real and personal property of the
stockholders from the time of the endorsement by
the .State of the bonds of the Company.
Mr. Harris of Glynn, was opposed to the
amendment, because, if this amendment should be
adopted, it would deter persons from taking stock
in the Company.
Mr. Hilly or, regretted to encounter tbe opposi
tion of the gentlemen from Glynn, but his duty
compelled him"to insist upon it. If the lands
through which tiie road would pass, are increased
in value they can certainly lose nothing.
Mr. Hardeman: It amounts virtually to debar
ring persons from taking stock in the Company.
Mr. Kennan: If the road results in enhancing
the value of the laud owned by the stockholders
they may well afford to mortgage them to the
State.
Mr. Hardeman of Bibb; Do stockholders wish
the State to endorse- their bonds, when they are
opposed to endorsing them themselves.
Mr. Hillyer wished to say to the gentleman
from Bibb, that he stated to this House last win
ter that he could not vote for a bill of this kind un
less the State was fully indemnified.
Mr. Harris of Glynn: This .seals up the proper
ty of the Stockholders.
Mr. Kenan: When we are called upon to cripple
this enteprise, to give it the stab of Joab. we had
better withdraw the bill.
After a running debate, in which several mem
bers took part, and after a variety of amendments
to the remaining sections, the sections and amend
ments were agreed to. The bill as a whole was
not acted upon, and (he House adjourned until
91*. a. m. tomorrow.
It appeared from the number of amendments
offered and agreed to, that the aid of the State
w ill not be lent to the enterprise—the first amend
ment increasing the individual subscription from
$200,000 to SBOO,OOO will, we think, at least post
pone the commencement of operations.
Kan&as Emigrants.—From all accounts Kan
sas must bo steadily filling up with emigrant*.
The Journal of Commerce, of October Ist, pub
lished at Kansas City, Missouri, states that over
fifty wagons left that town the day before, for dif
ferent seetious of south Kansas. Among them
were nineteen families from the States of Wiscon
sin, lowa. Illinois, and Ohio. It states, also, that
the land emigration for the past two weeks has
been larger than at any other time this year, and
adds: Our city is every day crowded with de
tachments of tiiis immense emigration, and there
is one feature about this moving multitude that
we cannot fail to admire —it is an emigration of
fathers, mothers, sons and daughters, with all their
household effect?, and their stock and implements
of agriculture, to provide for their mainten&n.-*.
through the cultivation and bounties of the -
Washington Items.
Washington’ Nov. 9,185?.
Seuor Goicouria, of Cuban and Central Amcii.
can notariety, and Gen. Heuniugsen arrived hurt
to-night.
The filibuster question, the right of expatriation
question the Nicaragua emigration without .real
ization uiul arms question, the neutrality la\ s .
and the various features of these questions, * er ,’.
up before the Cabinet to-day. The President v;
enforce the laws, as he is sworn to do, but will i *
interfere, where there is no violation of law, i,
please Great Britain, France, or any other I’ ~
er. *
Such information is being received from dav ; ,
day of outrages by Mexicans on our border tha!
the Government will soon ha\e to take very <h
sire measures to arrest the spread oi anarchy and
to protect our citizen*.
The Commissioner of the'General Land Off
has decided that an officer iu the army • :■?, h ,;,]
lands under the Pre-emption Donation law- a .
other people there being no inhibition to prereur
him, provided he brings himself within the pro
visions and requirements of the law under whi-h
he claims.
The follow ing Past Midshipmen have been j . .
moted ft* Masters from the 4th <f N >v. Is.-.n
Philip Percher. Alfred Hopkins, Montgomery, -
card. Edmund D. Mathews, L. McK. Buck j 0..-
George E. Law. Edward Lea. Alex. V. <4. -
P. Lull, Charles Norton and Hamilton If. Dai.
toll.
The emigration party designing to sail for Nic
aragua have, it is stated on what is believed u ■ -
good authority, been invited thereby the deni
iCos, to make common cause against the new re -
stitution. Hence a revolution is confidently an
ticipated. and, as one of the results of its sucees-,
tbe return of the ratified Uast-Yrisarri treaty.
The American Atlantic and Pacific Canal C m
panv have complained to the State Depart meat •:
Jerez’s interference with their affairs, to then >e
riment. It is stated that a letter auuwr<iii.g:v
been prepared, satisfactory to the company, ad
dressed to this Nicaraguan envoy.
Tire Receipts into the United States Treasi
for the quarter ending September 30 were twenr.
five and a quarter millions, aud from the loul •
millions of dollars. The expenditures were u;
ward of twenty-two millions, including over eigi
millions for the army, and four millions for the
navy.
The 25th of November will be observed as a
day of thanksgiving to Washington.
The Legislature* of ML*is*lppL
The legislature of Mississippi met at Jack
on the Ist instant. Hon. James Drane was elec
ted president of the senate by acclamation, and
Mr. S. S. Calhoun secretary. The house wa
ganized by the election of J. h. Antry as speak -
er. and Mr. C. A. Brougher as clerk. A re
turn was introduced in the senate by Mr. Dari.-,
and made the special order for the ensuing Thur--
day. declaring that the institution of slavery, a
now held and practiced in the southern Matc>, o
neither legally nor morally wrong, and hence the
law of Congress making the slave trade pirn ,
should be repealed.
The governor’s message was read in Ü
branches, aud a number of extra copies ordered
to be printed. With reference ft* the levee sy - -
tom, a project designed to give security to pie L. •
tom and swamp lands along the Mississippi riv..
the governor recommends that a tax be levied
all the swamp property sufficient to build up tL -
protection. After careful reflection, be Could, see
no means for the early completion of the railroad
but by the interposition of State aid. He would,
therefore, in aid of these great and benefit-ient
works, recommend that a tax of one-quarter
one per cent, be levied” upon all the taxable pr
perty of the State, outside of that heretofore pr<
posed to be taxed for levee purposes. He had n>
hesitation iu recommending the State Univer.o:
of Oxford to the fostering cure of the legislature,
aud to the care of all the people of. the State, With
the expression of the hope that every young imo;
ill the State who is desirous of a thorough educu
tiou will seek it at Oxford, and not in olio :
State's.
In reference ft> the common-stffiool system, he
recommends the appointment of a superintendent
in-chief, whose duty it should be to travel over
the State, lecturing and adv ising ami directing ; -
to those schools, and that he should annually re
port to the governor on the first day of Corel... r
the condition and pecuniary resources of tire
school* in each county in the State, with the nun.
her of children being educated in them, and hi
views generally in reference to the legislation ne
cessary to give efficiency to the common--ch -
The Eighth Wonder of the World.—We
have before us the annual Message of the Govenoi
of Georgia—honest Joseph E. Brown —to the two
houses of the State Legislature, and in this mc*--
age of eight closely printed newspaper column- v.
can find nothing **u the subject of niggers. lire
Federal government aud administration, Kau-y
(yes, Kansas,) Lecomptou and the English bill,
Douglas. Seward and the black republicans, -lav.
rv. slaves free niggers and all. are crowded outb>
such humdrum subjects as the State finam-e.-.
banks, railroads, education, schools, asylums. A<\.
Ac. If there is any parallel to Ihj found for this ii
the annual message of any Southern or Nothern
Govenor of the last twenty-five years we fhouU
like to know it. Only think of it—a Georgia Go\ •
nor, in the year 1858, writing a message of eitrh
newspaper columns without a single paragraph m
slavery or niggers iu any shape or form ! it is tin
eighth wonder of the world. Well done Govern*]
Brown. Who speaks next !.— X. Y, Herald.
Cold Weather, and Cotton*.—The breath i
winter has been felt in our latitude, but n**t ye*
with blighting influence. His frosts have bet!:
visible but not killing. The change is a delight; ui
ouo< —healthful and bracing. Cotton however i.-
not yet touched on the uplands : it would not mat
ter if it had been, as almost the entire crop has
matured. It is a mistake though, we think, t<
calculate upon the present crop being an unusual
ly large one. The rush to market would lead re
this supposition. But this has been owing to (he
fact of the early maturity of the crop, superadded
to the circumstance of tine prices. The planter
have, ou these accounts, been able to gather and
willing to sell rapidly. At least such has been the
case in Edgefield. We have lately seen nomen-ire
cotton fields in both the pine and oak lands: arei
nearly tbe whole crop is ..j*en aud out, —most ;
lit sold doubtless. Judging by *ur immediate sce
| tion. we should say that there are good ground
j for thinking that the crop of cotton stands at pre
sent over-estimated. Unc thing it is delightful
to hear,—would that we could all **< it! Iris,
that money h? becoming abundant throughout the
country and that the rates of money are rapidly
falling.— Edgefield (N. C.) Advertiser.
Mr Daac Newton's TaMc for Farming.
When Newton hail reached hi- fifteenth year
he was called from the school at Grnufham to take
charge of his mother's farm, fife was thus fre
quently sent to Grantham market, says Timbs. to
dispose of grain and other agricultural produce,
which however, he goner wily left to an old farm
servant who accompanied him, aud Newton made
his way to the garret of the house in which be
had lived, to amuse himself with a parcel of old
books left there: and afterwards he would en
trench himself on the wayside between Woois
thorpe ami Grantham, devouring some favorite
author till his companion's return from market.
And when his mother sent him into the fields to
watch the shoe]) and cattle: he would perch him
self under a tree with a book in his hand, or *haj*e
models with his knife, or watch the movement.-
of an Undershot water-wheel. One of the earliest
scientific experiments which Newton made was in
1658, on the day of the great storm, when -from
well died, and when he himself had just entered
his sixteenth year. Newton's mother was now
convinced that her Sou was uot destined to be a
farmer: and this, with his uncle finding him un
tier a hedge, occupied in the solution of a mathe
matical problem, led to his being again seut to
Grantham School, and then to Trinity College.
Cambridge, which thence became the real birth
place of Newton’s genius.
yl'CU* Madame Lagrange, the Countess ami ac
tress. who left Paris a short time ago for Rio
Janeiro, with a salary of two million francs for
tw> years and a half, ha?just written home a de
scription of her reception by the Emperor and
Empress of Brazil:
“While His Majesty received me with the
greatest affability as an artist, the Empress re
ceived me with the most delicate ceremony as a
countess. \s my husband made me countess, and
I made myself artiat, of course you may judge*
which style of reception gave me the most
pleasure.”
Cotton Burned.—Wo learn from a passenger
that a quantity of cotton., some 115 or 120 bales,
took fire on tho Central Railroad yesterday, ami
were entirely consumed. The accident ooeured at
a point between twelve and fifteen miles from the
city, aud was caused, it is supposed, bv a spark
from the engine. The 12 o'clock up-passenger
train was obliged to return to the city in conse
quence of the road being impassahle at tbe place
of fire. Our informant says that Mr. Adams, the
Superintendent of the Road having received infor
mation of the accident, was promptly on the spot,
with bauds to repair the damage which would bo
completed in time for the passage of the evening
trains. —Savannah Aietcs. 11th iust.
Shot w ith Water.—A young German of Chic
ago, named Simon, says the Press of that city,
committed suicide on Saturday last in the follow
ing singular manner: He went into a shed, took
a gun and loading it tcith tea ter, placed th<p muz
zle in his mouth and fired, completely shattering
his head. When found he was standing in tho
corner leaning on his gun. The room presented a
terrible appearance being completely drenched with
blood, and covered with pieces of head aud brains.
The cause of the suicide is traced to the refusal of
Simon's farther to permit him to marry the girl of
his