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R, ELLIS & GO., Proprietors. Volume XVIil. CGLUiBIS* lUEBLAY, NOVEMBER 16, IKS. Pest-OAce Change. Mr. R. C. Forsyth, who has taithiully dischar ged the duties of Postmaster in this Ci (y during Gen Pierce’s and the past portion of Mr. Buchan an's Administration, has resigned that office.— Ilis frietfds will learn with regret that this step has been taken by him in contemplation of a re moval from their midst. The vacancy has been tilled by the appointment of Dr. Henry M. Jeter, The responsibility of the office could not have beens devolved upon a more competent and worthy geutleman. Tile Atlantic Carle.—The late electrician to the Atlantic Telegraph Company, Mr. White house, has felt himself compelled to come forward and oflbr his services again to the undertaking.—- He does this from a feeling of duty, as being so largely identified with the inception of the pro ject ; anti also because he is convinced that the : cable is readily recoverable. He therefore asked I permission to make the necessary examination, j and if that should be satisfactory to his judge- j ment, he offers to re-open communications with I Newfoundland at his own risk, and to maintain it j open at a mxlerate.percentage on the receipts. j WOe.V BETTING ON A PIUZK FIGIIT. Iti* Said that the wife of Morrissey, who is the daughter of j a wealthy man in Troy, won Si*,ooo on the result } of the figlu with Ileenaa, and his father-in-law j won Sit),ooo. In view of,this fact, the Boston j Traveller wants to know if New York is not a ; great State, and whether it does not speak well j for the morals of a community when a woman i stakes money on the probabilities of her husband being able to pound and beat another man till he j is hammered to a jolly'. Whereupon the N#w j York Express asks if it is any worse fora woman ! to bet on a prize fight than to bet on elections, figure in free love conventions, walk the streets in masculine apparel, fcc., as sometimes happens in New England. France.—The imports and exports of France, for the year 1357 amounted in the aggregate to ten ‘hundred and sixty-five millions of dollars. In I 1317, ten years ago, umlor the government of i Louis Philippe, they amounted only to four hun- j dred and sixty-eight millions. The increase has I been live hundred and ninety-seven millions, or j one hundred and twenty-eight per cent: The in- j crease in population has been small. The ad- j vanoo.mady by France is perfeetlly astonishing. I Her foreign trade has quadrupled in the ten j year's of Napoleon’s reigu. During the seven- j te?n years of Louis Philippe’s reign it only trebl- j ed. French commerce, which, a few years ago. j was far behind ours, now considerably exceeds j it in value. Our foreign imports and exports in i 1357 were only eight hundred and twenty-three | millions of dollars. This French precedence of j us, after we had long ranked next to Great Brit- j ain in trade, is not very flattering to our national | pride. Her commerce, however, is carried on ! largely in foreign ships. The tonnage of the United States is three times larger than hers. j Consul to Geneva. —Win. Fell Giles, Jr., of j this city, has received from President Buchanan, j the appointment to the consulship of the United j States at Geneva. Switzerland. Mr. Giles is a ! sun of the Hon. Wm. F. Giles, Judge of the Dis- j triet Court of Maryland.— Baltimore Sun. Gen. Win. T. Haskell, formerly considered tho | most brilliant literary man in Tennessee, has be- | come hopelessly insane. jjESS*’ A few days ago Wm. Porter, a young man of talent, and inheriting a large estate from his father, Col. W. M Porter, - committed suicide in ‘ Memphis, Tenn., for the reason that he could not support his wife as well as he wanted, his property being in the bands of guardians. Ho was only IS years of agfe, and had been married over a year. great has become the connubial fever in the Wabash Valley that the LaFayette, Indiana j Courier says it is in contemplation by the Bachel ors Club of that city to organize a “Board of Health.’* Notice to Point asters. The law and the instructions of the Post Office Department imperatively require that the postage on all transient printed matter shall b c prepaid by ‘ pottage stamps, and that such matter be distinctly postmarked at the mailing office. A practice has also become common, among a certain class of i postmasters, of buying a patronage to their re- ■ spective offices, to the injury of these naturally entitled to it, by allowing to the mailing party a portion of their own commissions on the legal postage. We are requested to say that any neglect on the j part of a postmaster to obey the above instruc tions, or any such unfair practice for obtaining patronage, will be considered by the department good cause for the removal of the offender. — j Washington Union. Department New*. The Troubles in the Navajo Country.— Advices from Fort Defiance to the 26th of Septem ber state that the train in charge of Capt. Lindsay, with Government stores, had arrived at the Fort on the 24th. 43 days ha 1 been consumed on the route from Fort Union. M.tj Brooks arrived at the Fort on the 24th, having made a 5 days’ scout to Coleta and the surrounding country. The Indians were seen in large numbers, but could not be brought to an engagement. Capt. Hatch, with I company rifles. Lieut. Whipple, with B company iulau-try, and Lieut. Dickinson, loft the fort on the 21th for Laguenu Negra. Oil the 29th Col. Miles, with his entire command, except a small garrison, left for Chusco and Tuuicha. The force consisted of Col. Miles, commander; LieuL W. B. Lane, adjutant; Dr. J. C. McKee, acting assistant surgeonA company mounted rules, Capt. Elliott; F company mount ed rifles. Lieut. Averille; I company mounted rifles. Capt. McLane; H company mounted rifles. Capt. Lindsay ; B company 3d infantry, Lieut. Whipple; K company Bth infantry, Lieut. Wil laiM ; guides and spies, Capt. Bias Lucero. Total, 310 men. Capt. J. P. Hatch and command arrived at the fort on the 25th. They had had an engagement with the band under the command of Zarzellos Largos, the principal war-chief of the Navajocs. Eight Indian’s were killed, and several horses captured. Extraordinary Memory of Sliiel, ihc Irish Orator. Shiol. the celebrated Irish orator, was endowed with an extraordinary verbal memory. His mode ; of preparing his speeches was altogether singular, lu the O'Connell case in ISI3 he recited his speech h to the London reporters beforehand. “Great was the disappointment of the reporters.’ says his hi- j ographer. “at being told that, although lie-had the , speech in his head, nothing but a few memoranda existed on paper. Far greater was their surprise ; when he undertook to speak it for. them by antici- I pation. With his hands wrapped in flannel, he kept slowly moving up and down the room, repea ting with groat rapidity, and occasionally with j his wonted vehemence ot intonation, passage at- . ter passage, and paragraph after paragraph : then; ; wearied with the strange and irksome effort, he would lav himself down upon a sofa, and, after a j short pause, recommence his expostulation with , the jury, his allusions to the bench, and bis sar- j eastie apostrophes to the counsel for the Crown. On tie wont, with but brief interruptions, and tew j pauses to correct or alter, until the whole was j finished, and had been accurately noted down. , Written out with care, it was sent to the printer, I and, at the moment when he arose to speak in ■ court, printed copies were in the hands of those ; who had faithfully rendered his ideas previously. . As he proceeded, they were thus enabled to mark j easily and rapi ily any slight variations of phrase- j ology t hut these, for the most part, were so few ; and trivial as to cause little delay in the correc- , tion of the proofs. 1 Georgia Legislature. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Saturday Morning Nov. 13, 1853. The House met pursuant to adjournment, and a motion was made to reconsider so much of yes terday's Journal tu> related to the resolution re questing the Governor to furnish certain inform ation in relation to the Western and Atlantic Kail Road. Messrs. Bigham and Milledge were strongly in favor of reconsideration, to n which Mr. Huffman was opposed. The motion, however, prevailed. An hour or more was taken up, in the reconsido i ration of a private bill, whic h passed at last. To i the indomitable perseverence of Mr. Mintz of i Jackson, Mr. Wilhite is indebted for this, i The unfinished business of the previous day j bat is the Macon and Brunswick Railroad bill, | was taken up, the Keport, with the several amend- I m-ius of yesterday were agreed to. Mr. Harris of Glynn, desired to make a remark i bes. re the passage of the bill. We were ready, Liu | .-aid, to sink or swim, live or die on this bill, and j were bound to carry it through, and stand Ly it like the Spartan baud at Thermopoim, and so sure j was he that the project would prove profitable j that he was willing to accept the bill with all its ! restrictions. Mr. Bigham: This is a question of principle; it was inagurating a great principle. Though it I’ came not in the same form as last winter the prin ciple was the same. Mr. Walker of Henry: The gentleman from j Troup says we are on a raft again. I differ with j him there. My motto is to live not for myself j alone but for my neighbors. My God has blessed i me with more than I ever expected to have orev i r prayed for. I have lived economically, and i now i can enjoy myself. lam as happy as any j body else is. Georgia is my neighbor, and this ; road will pass through many lots of laud which I will increase their value. People would go there and become rich, and for this reason I will vote for the bill. Mr. Bigham: The gentleman from Glynn has I -'"aid he was willing to accept the, bill with its re j strictiong. Look at your sister State who has given State aid. Leave the question of State aid j ! o the people, the bone and sinew of the land.— You propose to put a debt, not upon yourselves but upon posterity. $200,0(H) is the amout of debt you will put upon the State, and you propose to pay that amount with the nett earnings of your road, llow can it be sol’ The idea is preposterous. Your first bonds wil become due in twenty years. In 33 years a race of men becomes extinct, if it is difficult to provide for the present, how much I more so for the future? I ask my Southern Rights j friends if they are willing to put the State into ! such a position as to cramp her resources. Look iat the position of the country. What would be j the condition of the State in case of a war? Ho concluded with an amendment wishing to re coin j uiit the bill, and refer the question of State aid to | the people. I Mr. Hardeman of Bibb, hoped the amendment I would not pass. We are the representatives of | the people, and if we are not disposed to take the responsibility of passing bills, we had better go home and let them send others. The gentleman last year bad*cailed it a raft, and now he wished them to vote for it, raft or no raft. M'. Harris of Glynn: If 1 understand the motion of the gentleman from Troup, he wishes the House to avoid the responsibilty, and refer the question to the people. It may be said that 1 seek to stifle the voice of the people. The voice of tho people has reverberated from the mountains to the seaboard: had carried 11. V. Johnson into the Executive Chair, and kept Joseph E. Brown there, la 1855—'6, the question had been be fore the people, before the House, before Govern or Johnson, than whom there does not exist a more elevated miud, or more perfect gentleman; in short there does not live South of Mason and : Dixon’s line, a man so eminently qualified as a statesman. Was not the gentleman from Troup in Favor of selling the Western & Atlantic Kail road, and devotiug the proceeds of the sale to aid in the construction of other Railroad enterprises? Members say that if the State can be secured un der this hill, they will vote for its passage Is there anything in the bill whteh will ir u m me 3Ttttc: it is said that the road will pass through a sterile country: the 12 counties through which the road will pass pay 1-10 of the tax of the State. They contain 000,000 worth of property. It is wise, itis prop er to aid them; and instead of $50,000,000 it would be increased to $500,000,000. Do I indulge in a visionary dream? We are faithful to our State, true to our section, when we ask for Slate aid.— Cherokee Georgia, before aided by the State with the Western aud Atlantic Railroad, was the dwell ing of Indians, bears and wolves; and now, is it not thu garden spot of the South? We come to Cherokee Georgia, and like Peter, walking on the water, cry “Help.” Shall this cry be unheeded? Railroads will invite emigration and retain our s ms upon the the soil where the bones of our re\ - olutionarv fathers repose. The port of Brunswick jis the best port on the Southern Atlantic. The waters upon which Oglethorpe first looked—those same waters—smile still as tranquilly under the beams of the moon as they did then. It would be come the granary of the world, and we could then dictate to them who now dictate to ue. 1 have always been a Southern Rights man, and this is a Southern measure. Yes, sir, a Geor gia measure. Where is the cotton from this see ; non shipped; to Charleston. When great outlets ; of trade are opened, no port but Brunswick can sustain the teeming fleets. I siaud upon the soil ! of Georgia, and may the day ebine when she may depend upon no port, North or South to carry on 1 her commerce. I propose to rise in the might of • our strength and tell our oppressors their reign is | over. Ido not believe there is a representative on this floor, should our soil be invaded,but would gird on his sword and leap as lightly to the con test as the bridegroom to his chamber. But to day I invite you to uo such feast; this is apeacea | ble measure of dollars and cents. Mr. Findlay of Lumpkin: It is now a good ; time to give in my experience—a better timethau when I was converted. The gentleman says be is a Southern Rights man. lam proud to say I am a l /non man. I never expect to be a candi date again. lam just as willing to vote to aid i Southern as Upper Georgia, I represent the mountains but I shall vote it. The bill was passed, ayes 71, nays 68. Comptroller's Report. We are indebted to Mr. Thwcatt, for a copy of his Report to the Goveruor. It is neatly printed by Mr. Lomax, State Printer. We have already made copious extracts from advance sheets of the Report furnished us by Mr. Thweatt, and such comments as we felt called upon to make upon the Report. We will only add, that the Legislature would have done the State a good service if it had ordered a thousand copies of this Report printed, instead of about five hundred as was done. Tho information contained in this Report can be ob tained no where else outside of the State House, and it is invaluable both to Legislators and to of ’ fleer* of the State, as well as to the people.— Daily Federal l nion. Fort Van Cos ever, V. TANARUS.) October, Ist ISiS. j Mean. Editor. .—Herewith I enclose extracts of letters received from Col. Wright's command in the Indian country east ot snake river. | The war is now closed, peace aud security are 1 again restored to this country. It is now to be hoped that such a course of pol ] m av be adopted towards the Indians as may for the future insure peace between them and the whites. The Indians now conquered, and deeply impressed with the utter hopelessness of contending with us iu war, are prepared to receive such iin j pressions and assume such position as onr govern i ment may in its policy assign them. If hat that j- policy should bo, I think there can bo very little | doubt about. The effect of money annuities upon the Indian ! character, in the judgment of those best intormed I on the subject, has proved to be docideftly corrup i ring and injurious. The establishment of schools, the ereetion of grist and saw-mills, the distribution of seeds, ag- J ricultural and tools ami implements, ; and the encouragement of husbandry and the me j ehanic arts, judiciously and properly directed, ’ would bo productive of more real good to them as ! a people than one hundred times the same amount paid to them in money. But to effect any good results, from efforts of 1 any kind with the Indian, you must exclude him ’ f rom general intercourse with the white man, only so far as might be necessary to have a su pervision over him, and impart the requisite in ! struction. i To the prompt and energetic action, the com plete, and perfect appointments and organization, , i tie clear, decided, and uumietakeable course of THE UNION OF THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OP THE STATES. policy, marked out and adopted, by Brigadier Gen. Clarke and the energetic and judicious exe cution of his plans and purposes, by the officers especially charged therewith, are due, the suc cessful and happy termination of a war which at one time threatened to boos the most serious and trabiesome character. Honor, to whom honor is due. BALDWIN. Extract of a letter from an officer under Col. Wright* Command , in the Spokan Expedition. Camp near Steptoe’s battle ground, j September 23d, 1858. j “On the 17th inst., a council was held with the Couer-de-Leties, their head chief Vincent, opened tho Council by rising and saying, ‘My people hav,. committed a great crime ; we are fully conscious of it now ; and are deeply furry for it. I aud my people ure rejoiced that you are willing to forgive us for it.’ Col. Wright replied : Colter de Lenes, as your Chief has said you have committed u great crime . you attacked Col. Step toe when he wat marching peacefully through your country, and yon slew some of his people. It has made angry your great father, aud I have been sent io punish you ; but you ask lor peace, and you shall have it, on certain conditions; the great spirit hears me. You see that you contend against us hopelessly; I have a great many soldiers : there are as many more at Walla-Walla, and lam expecting a large number from Suit Lake ; what can you do against us ? I can place my soldiers on your eamas plains, at your fishing ground*, and in the mountains where you catch game and gather berries, and your helpless families cannot run away. These are the conditions on which you shall have peace : You must deliver to me the young men who struck the first blow in the affair with Col. Slop toe, I will take them to the General.— You must deliver to me one of your chiefs and four of your men with their families, I will take them to Walla-Walla as security for your good conduct hereafter. You must deliver to me all the proper ty of every kind taken at the fight with Col. Step toe. You must allow all troops ;id all other white men to pass at all times - unmolested through you? couutry. You must not allow any hostile Indians to come into your country, and you must not en gage in any hostilities against white men : be sides* you must be at peace with the Nes Perees. On these conditions you can have peace, 1 will withdraw from your country, and you can have peace forever. Vincent said he wished to hear the Nes Perees speak. U-chi-ma-li-kin, their Chief said; You behold me before you, I will lay my heart open to you : I desire that there shall be peace between us. I will never go to war with you nor against any of the friends of the white man. Vincint replied : It does my heart good and makes all my people glad to have you speak so, I have ever desired peace between us. There shall never be war between us, nor between us and the white man. The pipe of peace was then smoked all round. The conditions wrote promptly complied with, and we have with us four of the young braves, and a chief and four men with their families as hostages.” Extract of a Letter. Still Later. Camp on Lah-Too Creek, Near Step toe*’ Battle-ground, Sept. 25. We are now on our return to 1 Falla-walla, we have been here three days waiting lor the Indians to come in. Col. Wright has made peace with the Spokans, Couer-de-’Lenes and Pow-de-’Orielles. The Palanse’s have not come in yej. We have three of them in irons, and Col. Wright has sent word to their people “it they don’t come in before he crosses ►Snake river he will hang ) them.” The Couer-d-’Lenes send with Colonel Wright one chief aud four men, with their families as hostages. The Spokans do the same. The hostage* are to remain at Walla-walla one year. Day before yesterday Owhi came in to make peace, he was confined, and word sent to Qual chin, (bis son) if he did not come in his Father would be bung. Qual-cbin came in yesterday at receive hie message sentry Col ho Peg ged hard for his life. The last words he said, were “G—dd—m.” Cami-a-kin. We have nine In dian prisoners in camp. 1 expect two of them j will be bung to-night. We have recovered the two howitzers, (lost by ) Col. Steptoe,) also the remains of Capt. Taylor aud j Lieut. Gaston, together with tome others. Yours Ac., T. B. B. Intelligence from the Paraguay Expe J niTiox.—The Secretary of the Navy has received j and from the commanding officers of sevc- j ral vessels, which have already sailed for Para- j guav. The Fulton arrived at Barbadoes on the ] 15th ult„ in feu days after leaving Norfolk.— The Water-Witch arrived at the same place on the j 16th ult., eleven days our from Norfolk. Tue j Harriet Lane also arrived at Barbadoes on the 20th ult., having made the passage from N. York ! in twelve days. The vessels stopped only a few hours, for the purpose of taking in coal, and then sailed for the rendezvous at Montevideo. Nicaraguan Matters.—The State Depart ment has sent an official note to Gen. Jerez, point ing out the impropriety of his course aud express ing the dissatisfaction with which the Department regards his publication, warning the public against purchasing tickets for Nicaragua by the steamer W ashington. Mr. White, yesterday, sent a note to the Assis tant Secretary of State, with the request that it be shown to slr. Cass, denying that any of Wal ker’s lillibusters went to Nicaragua in the steamer Washington, and saying that the company will not knowingly permit such persons to go thither in their vessels. The collector of the port of Mobile has been ap plied to for a clearance to a Walker emigrant ves sel, but has referred the question to the Secretary of the Treasury. Proposed Methods for Enabling Ships of War to Resist Shot.—The London corres pondent of the New \~ork Commercial Advertiser , in his letter of October 19, says: At a reeent dinner, Lord Hardwicke, as fke re presentative of the British Admiralty, mentioned, I in connection with the necessity for a liberal ex penditure in maintaining our fleet, the result of some highly important experiments on the value of various methods proposed for enabling ships-of war to resist shot. Ttiese experiments, he said, were tried upon the side ot an oak-built trigate, which was plated with iron in sections in various ways. In one part was placed a sheet of wrought iron four inches thick. Another part was covered with iron four inches thick, but composed of seve ral plates. There were also plates of iron cover ed with India rubber ten inches thick, and various other preparations. The frigate was fired upon with 63 pounders, charged with ten pounds of powder, and the result was that the four inch solid wrought iron plate resisted every hall, and caused them to break into dust, while ail the other sheathings were shot through “as though they were rotten eggs.” Sir Gore Ousley's Mission to Nicaragua. —lt is stated that Sir Mm. Gore Gusley is in structed to relinquish to Nicaragua sovereignty over Greytown and the Mosquito coast, at pre sent under the British protectorate. This, howev er. is not to be an unconditional surrender. The j treaty to be negotiated provides for the protection of the Indians, and also secure the vested rights of British subjects. Metes aud boundaries are described, within which the ludians have reserv ed rights, somewhat similar to those of the North Americau Indians within the territory of the United States. They are also to have an annuity secured them from the custom collected at Grey town, which is to remain forever a free port, but within the sovereignty of Nicaragua. All grants of land made subsequent to January', ISSB, il not over one square league, arc to be respected and held valid by the new sovereignty. The Indians are to have no power to sell their reservation, un less it be to become merged in the Government ot Nicaragua. The terms of the treaty securiug these objects are cautiously worded. Great Bri tain will only relinquish her protectorate alter ample security iu the treaty covering these sever al points. Cincinnati, Nov. 10.—The Steamer Fulton has been sunk near Buffington Island. The boat and baggage are lost: aud twelvo steerage pas sengers drowned. One of tho severest criticisms ever pronounced on an author, is that pronounced by the Atlantic Monthly on a notorious usurper of a female sou briquet. “If he will persist iu playing the part of a woman,” says the Atlantic, referring to the ettars of “Bell Brittan,” “let him bear in mind that to be unmanly is not necessarily to bo woman ly, aud that it does not follow that one writes like a lady because he does not write like a gentleman. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1858. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER 17, 1858. Opinions of Eminent Men in England on the i Comparative Merits of the English and A her- ; :cax Systems.—ln a speech before the Radnor- j shire Agricultural Association, in Wales, by Sir i John Walsh, a member of the English House of Cpininous, aud whose opinions carry with them j weight, utterance was given to the followiug j comparison. I believe that there is no greater mistake in pol- j .ties than to identify those very different wards i tad principles—to suppose that democracy and j liberty are synonymous. [Cheers] Pure democ- j racy is not liberty; wo have only to cross the At- j -antic ami we see a state of society far more demo- • rrtle than our own, but far less free. [Cheers] Any man who has really had a practical acquain .aueu with the working of that model republic which is so lauded by theoretical democrats, must the conclusion that it its not only a less jcrfect sta£e of society, but a less free communitt han England—[cheers]—that is action in less free j xnd all, that its thought is less free, for on every : side the natives of thal republic are enchained by ! he despotism of public opinion itself—the despo- | .ismofthe inferior intellect dictating to the supe- j uior. [Hear, hear, and cheers.] - The principle assorted in the abow extract is j generally considered, in this oountry, to be a po- j iitical hcre&y. There is a great disposition to re- 1 gard whatever the majority may do as right, aud hence,as rational liberty does not involve tho priv ilege to do what is wrong, the popular idea exists that liberty aud democracy are convertible terms, j A more erroneous and dangerous doctrine never i took root in a republican government. It is based J upon an essentially erroneous assumption that what a majority of a certain number of people think upon a given question is right. Upon this theory it would not be difficult to demonstrate the orthodoxy of the most monstrous and diabolical dogmas that ever cursed the earth with their per nicious sway. There is uo great principle, in science, politics or religion upon which the faith of the world has not contained, and its practice developed, more of error than of truth. Strike the record of governmental crime and folly from the page of history and the chief memoranda of the world’s existence would be destroyed. Across the dim ages, truth would occasionally send her stellar | beam, but, only, to illustrate widely separated | epochs. It is to guard against this fatal proneness to er- ; ror aud change that Constitutions are framed. It j is to make durable certain principles which are recognized at the foundations of Government* that limitations upon the action of majorities are in corporated in the fundamental laws of every free people. While we will not admit the inference of the speaker, from a Comparison of the two govern ments, to be just, we do concede that there ia such a thing as the despotism of a majority, and that thin despotism is even more terrible and grinding than any other, because it is wholly irresponsible. Reward the Faithful. That Mr. Peterson Thweatt has made the besi Comptroller General we have ever had, says the Macon Telegraph , is the just award which both parties in Georgia have pronounced in favor of ] this meritorious, industrious and faithful officer, and we hope the present Legislature will*endorse the verdict of the public by a substantial evidence of its good opinion of Mr. Thweatt’s zeal in the service of the State. Will not some member in troduce a bill to increase the salary of the Comp troller General at least nine hundred dollars ? Sixteen hundred is tne present pay. ana is • gether inadequate to the amount aud character of the labor required to be performed. Mr. Thweatt s reports have brought before the Legislature in formation of great importance, and we think the j Legislature will be doing an act of justice to give | him twenty-five hundred dollars—if he had a j wife we would double the sum. ■ Report of President Church.—We ; I have recieved from a friend at Milledgeville, j ; the report of the venerable President of Frank ! lin College, made to tbeScnatus Academicus du- I ring their recent session. It is written in a plain, ; straightforward style, and places its author among the advocates for the establishment of a ! magnificent State University and a general ays- ; t-in of common school instruction. flggp*A large planter in Burke co., under date of the 12th. writes u* : “I have within the last few days seen a good ; many of the cotton fields of Burk'', and T can as sure you I have never seen them look so black so j early in the season; in fact the crop is gathered j and sent “to market.”— Sac. Republican. The Opening of Congress.—Congress will ! meet on Monday, the 6rh of December next, and j I already a number of members of Congress are here. The new hall of the House of Representa tives, as well as the old Senate chamber, is the scene of busy preparation, and no little confusion, on all the doors a placard has been placed warn ing visitors ofpaint, and inside you see workmen actively employed in tacking down the carpet, ar- , ranging the chairs and desks, and making every - ; thing ready for the transaction of the nation’s j business. The appearance of the hall has been much improved since the adjournment of the last . session. It is true that the carpet appears to be somewhat worn and faded, but still that does not mar the general effect.— Wash. Union. tab correspondence states that the lead ing men sanguinely expect the admission of the territory into the Union as a State during the next session of Congress for ISSS-‘59. They claim a population of one hundred thousand, and that the United States has no right to withhold a State government. Japan. —The treaty concluded with Japan by Lord Elgin, is said to be almost identical with the Ameircan treaty. One year after its ratification five ports will be opened to English traders. Cot ton and Woollen fabrics are only to pay a duty of five per cent, of the declared valuo on importation. Almost all other articles are to pay 20 per cent. A resident minister is to be permitted at Jnbbo.— Exports are to be subject to a duty of five per cent. The Dutch hadyiot as yet succeeded in obtaining the priviliges granted to other nations. During Lord Elgin’s visit to Jabbo the Emperor was un well, which was given as an excuse for his not receiving his lordship. ( The Legislature of North Carolina met on the inst. Two U. S. Senators, two Judges and : tate officers have to be elected. Kansas News— Favorable lleport s from the ! Gold Mines, (fee.— Leavenworth Tuesday Aon 9:— ! Per United States Express to Booneville, Movent- I b er jo. Favorable accounts continue to arrive ; from the gold regions. Seven men, of Georgia j Company, took out SSOO in five days. Upwards of six hundred wagons, bound to the mines, were met last week between Fort Kearney and the crossing of the Platte. Arrivals from Utah report six inches of snow on the Sweet Water, and ice an inch thick. Twelve hundred Indian lodges were erected in the vicinity. On the military road between this point and Fort Laramie, the ludians are peaceable. j m — SEWAnn s ßevoi.ctio.naby Speech.—TheNew j York Tribune thus ckareierizes the revolutionary , speech of Seward: ••With the iustiuct of a statesman, the speaker , discards all minor, temporary and delusive issues, | aud treats only of what is final and essential.— j Clear, calm, sagacious, profound aud impregnable, showingmasterly comprehension of the present as pects aud future prospects of the great question . which now engrosses our politics, this speech will j be pondered by every thoughtful man in the land, i aud confirm the eminence so long maintained by i its author.” ! MILLEDGE VILLE CORRESPONDENCE. ! Milledgkvillk, Nov. 15fh 1858. j ! The proceedings in the Senate to-day wero ! j principally confined to the passing of bills, some I of a general and interesting nature, but the mail ; ! arrangements arc such as preclude the possibility of | j s.-uding you a report of their proceedings until to- ! | morrow, there were no debates at all, and very few ! t remarks even were made, there being so many of ; j the Senators in the House as left scarcely a quo- j | rum in their chamber. A bill in relation to the ‘ i manumission of slaves, which had been made tho j , special order for this day, was postponed, so were j ! some other bills of interest. Tito bill providing j for annual elections was defeated by one vote. There was unusual interest excited early in the j morning, it having been understood that the j Macon and Brunswick Railroad bill passed yes- | t_rday, would to-day be re-considered, and long I I before the hour for calling the House to order ar- j | r.vud, the galleries as well as the floor wire crowd- j ! ed; “ladiesfair” lent their smiles to counteract j the influence created by the murky atmosphere, 1 and the members by their attendance evinced the general feeling of excitement in regard to State j aid. The Hon. Speaker, Mr. Underwood being 1 absent on leave, Mr. Milledge took the Chair, and presided over the House with dignity, aud to this gentleman may be in part attributed the order which wa* observed during the whole morning. I Mr. Irwin of Wilkes, rose. I gave notice to the ; House that I would move a re-consideration of the j bill passed yesterday lending the credit of the j j 6uue to the Macon fc Brunswick Railroad. If I ! can gam the attention of the House, I propose to show that this bill is based upon nothing so far as we know, but the credit of irresponsible stock holders. The gentleman portrayed so beautifully the bay and country surrounding Brunswick, that I eegplm st imagine myself looking out upon its bronrexpanse of waters. The gentleman said that his section was true and loyal io the South, and I believe, sir, a* he stated, nli his constituents would take up arms against a common enemy. I have yet to learn, sir. that although the sun still lends its beuiticeut rays to gladden the waters of Brunswick Bay, and though they sparkle in the placid beams of the moou, that this, the best Buy on the Southern Atlantic claims the aid of the State to the Macon fc Brunswick Roilroad. I come now to the discussion of this question : If I am correctly informed, it takes 815,000 or $20,000 a mile to build a road; at this rate it would take three millions of dollars to build the road. Now, j sir,deduct then SBOO,OOO, and the State would have | to endorse bonds to the amount 0f51,100,000, and the company borrow tho same amount. Under the mast favorable circumstances, and considering it the most profitable enterprise that has ever been started, it would take the company fifty years, at a liberal calculation, to pay up this amount. But, sir, they propose to pay their bouds iu twenty years, it cannot be done. What then would be s he consequences ? The State would have to step forward and pay these bonds. I* there any pro vision made for this? They say that if the bouds are not paid, why the road and equipments .shall be sold at public outcry, how much would the road bring under the hammer of the Sheriff?— Not 10 cents on the dollar. What would be the consequence ? why, sir, the State would have to step forward and pay for the road, and she would then own another Road. One section of this Bill says that the individual property of the stock hold ers would be mortgaged to the State. The Su preme Court has decided that when a charter ex pires, the debts due to and form the corporation ex pire with it, then when the road becomes bankrupt the charter is at an end. Now who are the stock holders ? Who will they be 20 or 50 years hence ? The men who originally subscribe, or may they not be men of straw—besides only SBOO,OOO will he owned by private individuals. Will gentlemen run this risk of prostrating the credit of the State ? They say that the State will be secured- Twenty (inference between States ami ImlTvi luala. I call the attention of the House to the motto of our State Wisdom, Justice cunt Moderation,” let gentlemen bear this in mind. Look at the Geor gia and Central Railroad*. Did they have State aid? and look at tlmm now ! To lend aid to this railway, sir, would be injustice. Suppose a pri vate individual to have built a mill or factory on a stream in his own county, would it be just and right for the State to ruin nis enterprise by build ing another ? Would it be just or wise to lend aid to an enterprise, which will ruin another, one gotten by individual energy aud industry? Look at your beautiful Savannah, the empire city of your empire State. Look at the millions she aas contributed to the developement of our resour ces in building the Central Railroad. Look, sir, at the Georgia Road, an individual enterprise.— Shall the Scale be so unjust as to lend aid and uuiid roads to injure the industrious citizens ol Savannah and Augusta, who never asked State nd, sir. Let every tub stand on its own bottom; .et this road be built, sir, by individual industry aud enter prize. Our State has progressed rapidly. Let us move on as we have done, by sure aud steady means, and difficulties may arise. Commercial crises may spread over the country, and our State wilt be enabled, like the sturdy the forest, whose roots have expanded aud winch have grown with us growth, and strengthened with its strength, to de y t e wuiriwiud and the storm. But if we take a backward step, retrace our steps and em bark iu these enterprises, Georgia will be placed in a condition where her faith and credit will be ; liable at any moment to prostration. Let u* stand as we are, and move forward by reguiar and uniform steps by that wise and well founded pro ! gross which alone can make us prosperous and nappy. Mr. Walker of Henry : There is nothing flowery about me. I know nothing but what I have learn ed from observation, aud I am in favor of giving aid to those poor boys of Southern Georgia. 1 ! have no doubt if you will give them aid, open a J market for their produce they yrili work, Sir. The j gentleman don’t want to give State aid. 1 have I been in Savannah fc Augusta, but they never work more than two hours a day Sir, that s not the way I was raised Sir. I say help em Sir, and it wifi be like a grain of mustard seed Sir, it will | take root in the 27-foot waters of Brunswick bay, j and grow and wax strong sir. 1 shall vote against ; reconsidering the Bill. ! Mr. Howard of Muscogee, If I had known on ’ Saturday that there would have been no opposi tion, I snouid have attempted to give some rea | sons in opposition to the bill. I do not feel i that I should do my duty were 1 to keep quiet, when the State is on the eve of inaugurating so j dangerous a principle. The gentleman from Glynn i .Mr. Speaker, in his eloquent speech of Saturday showed a good knowledge of human natur •. 1 honor those who used their influence for the devel- I opment. of Cherokee Georgia, why ? because there was no hope that, that country would ever be de veloped by individual enterprise. The gentleman from Glynn said that the 12 counties through which the road will pass, pay 1-1 Oth of the taxes of the State, if they do this they have the means, and only want the energy to build the roau and devel ops their resources: but the gentleman from Glynn stopped by the way side to cull flowers of rhetoric to adorn aud beautify his eloquent ad dress. It is the same with individuals as with States. If you wish to tie their hands, all you have to do Sir is to involve them in debt. I know not whether my bones will repose in the soil of this my native State, but I shall carry with me wherever I go nothing but the love of Georgia enshrined iu my “heart of hearts’ aud a desire other good. I have been told that the building of this road j will benefit my native city Columbus, but I ean j not allow a love of section to influence my love for j the whole State, and should we aid this enterprise ] wc would have to aid in others and there would ! be no end to State aid. I am opposed to the Bill ! upon these grounds. Mr. Kenan, I have the highest regard for tho j city of Macon, for the Section and for this enter prise ; but I am opposed to leuding State aid to ; any private enterprise. The learned gentlemen from Glynn mistook the ‘ views of Ex-Gov. Johnson. It is truo that both Governors Johnson aud Brown have vaguely hinted at the idea of State aid, but that wag to aid the State and not a section. I voted for State aid to the State Road, hut then we had a redun dant Treasury arid I only voted tor excess iu tho treasury, but I am told that in doing ibis, I allied myself to that side of the question. I deny 1 this fact. Am I by that vote bound to tax my ! people for.every enterprise asking State aid—l I voko the spirits of Jackson, ot Jefferson and \1 ash- I ton. Let me read their opinions on the subject of ; national debt. (Mr. K., read several articles.) — 1 They held that the highest good of the State ex ! isted in a freedom from debt. If a gentleman living in Slacon or on the line j of this road says he will not subscribe, where have ; you the right to tax him. thus making him aid in j it whether he wishes it or not, I tell you, Repre sentatives if you pass this Bill you must pass tho Eiijav and Air Line Bills, but Macon alone is able I to build this road if she needs it, the others are ! | not similarly situated, and I should vote to aid j them, before I should to aid this one. Because I voted that the State should become a joint owner ; to the amount of $120,000 in the Milledgeville <k I Gordon Road I am bound to vote in aid of this. L <ok at the difference, the State owns property ’ here, aud individuals had subscribed $175,000. 1 The power of the Representative to tax his peo i pie for a general purpose, is different from taxing j them to aid in apYivate enterprise. Arc they sy nonymous? Did voting the surplus funds in the ■ Treasury of Georgia to aid the development of i Cherokee Georgia, commit me to vote for the eu | terprize now? This bill Is inaugurating anew and great principle. Brunswick has; hud two . Railroad charters,. What has been the coase ; quenee? Has she built her roads? They have ! languished and died. Still, a few years ago when j Brunswick appealed for aid, we said let us do the I same for that us for the other portions of Goorgiu, i and wo voted the State a joiut owner in the Main I Trunk Road as a feeder. What Hid Brunswick | promise? She promised to build approaching I roads; but, sir, having done no such thing, she is : back hero in two years, asking the State to build I her a road which will not aid the State in general j but only Brunswick. Now if they get this ehar | ter with State aid. what will they do? Why com mence at Brunswick, and build up a gap of forty miles, which w ill connect them with the Main Trunk, and that is their object. The prudence of our Executives has so far restrained the expendi tures. Why not submit the question to the peo ple. and see if they are in favor of taxing them selves to bulid the Road, and lend State aid to private enterprises? Mr. Hardeman; I have not time to cull flowers by tho wayside; hut 1 wish to present the true features of the bill. I would ask the gentleman from Wilkes, if the State is not secured why he Hid not secure it. But sir, the State is secured.— First by the road and secondly by the property of the Stockholders. Gentlemen say this road is to break down the State road, to break down Savannah. Two years ago gentlemen from Chat ham opposed a State aid till the Main Trunk was turned towards Savannah, and how different ly they aeted. We want money, we don't care what name you give it—State aid or not. The ►State will be beneiitted by the road; it will devel op this portion of the State. Let the State give ussßoo,ooo or $1,900000 and become a copartner. The road will induce Competition, and by lower ing freights enhance the return of products to the producer. The history of Railroads is that capi tal and population follow iu their line. 1 would not pluck one laurel from the brow of Savannah. One seaport is not enough. Cotton is piled up all over her streets, and she can’t accommodate the growing business. Mr. Hardeman alluded to the fall in the price of Cotton when yellow fever broke out in 1854. (Did cotton remain at the same figure during that season, when other South- ern cities were similarly afflicted?) Mr. Harde man thought cotton enough went to Savannah from the way stations on tho Central Railroad, and that building this road would lower the Tate of freight on the Central R. R., and so benefit Cherokee Georgia by opaning another market for her wheat and mineral ores. He was evidently in favor of having an opposition to tho Central Rail Road, fcc. Mr. Gordon followed Mr. Hardeman. To-mor row we will send a continuation of the debate. After Mr. Gordon and the gentleman from Gwinnett, a question arose in regard to who should have tho 'Concluding speech. Mr. Milledge made the decision which was confirmed by the House. file afternoon session has been long and stormy —they are still at it. We will try to do justice to all concerned in to-morrow’s letter of this after noon’s proceedings. R. G. COLUMBUS, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 185S. State Aid in the Legislature In our issue of yesterday, we presented our rea ders with speeches on the above subject, from Messrs. Irwin, of Wilkes, Howard, of Muscogee, and Kenan of Baldwin, in opposition, and Messrs. Walker, of Henry, and Hardeman of Bibb, in fa- Tei\TfasTurulshecTftie speeches of Messrs. Gordon, of Chatham, and Colquitt of Baker, on tho one side, and Mr. Harris, of Glynn, on the other.— Messrs. Hardeman and Harris, are the mostproip iuout champions of the measure. The former is a gentleman of undoubted talents, and makes a skil ful and energetic debater. The latter has won considerable reputation by his eloquence, and lias, at Least, captivated the reporters. Their opponents, however, are fully equal to them in abiiitity and have the immense advan tage of being on the right side of the question.— The remarks of Mr. Irwin, which appeared in our paper, yesterday, were forcible and unanswerable. He comprehended the material points embraced in the question, and presented them with clearness and vigor, without any of the confusing concomi tants, impertinent adjuncts of rhetorical nonsense. Ho was followed on the next day by Messrs Gor don & Colquitt, both, gentlemen of ability and earnestness, whose sound views and impressive utterance must have contributed largely’ to induce the House to review its previous action. We are truly gratified that such has been the result of tho discussion. Not that we are unfriendly to the in terests of Macon or Brunswick. On the contrary, if we could be brought to sanction the principle and approve the policy’ of State aid, we arc free to say that we should prefer to see that road, above any other of which mention has been made,reap the benefit of its application. But we are gratified, because a system, which we believe to be wrong in principle and dangerous in practice, and which we feared had already won its way to favor, had thus received the seal of reprobation from the rep resentatives of the people. MILLEDGEVILLE CORRESPONDENCE. Milledgeville, Nov. 16. HOUSE. The question being a motion to reconsider the action of the House in relation to the Macon & Brunswick Railroad Bill, Mr. Gordon, of Chatham obtained the floor aud said : He had forborne speaking upon this or any other question which had been defeated at the last session of this Legislature from the convic tion that the people never intended us to consume the time in the discussion of issues already voted upon. The langaage of the constitution admits the legality of our present organization by the use of the word session. This is a different session but the same Legislature. It was never intended that we should come to Milledgeville, remain for ty days, draw mileage and pay, discuss aud de feat important measures, and then one year after wards return, draw pay and consume the entire term in discussing the identical measures of the year before. But this House has acted upon a different principle, and were doing little less than fighting over the tights of the last session. Iu view of the faot that the bill now before us had been lost at the last session, it became the duty ot everv man whose opposition to the Bill was found ed upon principle, to give a reason for the faith that was in him. His opposition was based upou principle, and therefore, he asked the indulgence of the House fora few moments. The gentleman from Bibb, (Mr. Hardeman,; bail argued with great vehemence the utter inability of the City of ■Savannah to meet the demands of the trade which poured iu upou her, aud pointed to the Cotton now lying in her Streets, unable to be shipped for want of commercial facilities. lie could show the fallacy of this position before he sat down, but he wished toeall attention to the .inconsistency of the gentleman who hud asserted in the House, that the Macon A Brunswick road would benefit Sa vannah. Mr. Gordon argued this latter proposi tion. Macon was as near Savannah by that road as she was to Brunswick. With the capital and advanced age of the former, he had no doubt the building of that road would enure to her benefit. But he asked, if Savannah could not now ship oft her produce, how could he advocate a road which, by his own showing, would increase receipts at Savannah. There was au inconsistency sorne wbero. For himself, (Mr. G,) was glad to show by his vote, that notwithstanding his constituents might secure a portion of the benefits of this donation, he aud his people were governed by principles of right aud justice. He was glad to shew that he was governed by conscientious convictions of right.” lie said that the restrictions of the Bill which were supposed to make the State secure, amounted to uothing. The bill was cunningly and adroitly drawn ; it had a dozen doors by which Stockholders might escape. The sinking fund of 2 per cent wass2o,ooo per annum: it wuulu take fifty years to make up the amount of endorse ment. The bonds fell due in twenty years; who was to pay the State? The friends of the Bill profess to have put in all conditions required by the Message of Gov. Brown. Not so. The Go% ernor said expressly 7 , the system must be univer sal to meet his approval, and he called upon the friends of the Bill to go back into Committee and amend their bill to that effect. But, grant that the restrictions are perfect one of two things is true. Either the Stockholders are able to build without aid, or ilioßill is a deception. Any per sons who will take stock under such restrictions cau build the entire road. The gentleman from Glynn said that the counties along the line of the road pay 1-1 Otk of the tax of Georgia. If so. they do. not need help. Mr. Gordon entered into a his tory of said Roads iu Georgia, and showed at what cost the men of “36-had instituted a system, now perfect. The people of Middle and Southern Georgia then agreed io tax themselves to build the State road, and to build branch roads to the Georgia terminiff. They did both. The ques tion now was simply, whether, after individual enterprise had Guilt a costly road, the State would step in and give oue million dollars to this road. This is the question and the princi ple. The Central R. R. had been built with out a dollar of State aid: The Brunswick Road will he its direct rival. If the latter can be built, he it so; but let the Stockholders, and not the State, build it. If this Bill is passed, what prin ciple do y’ou publish to the youth of Georgia ? In effect, you say, the day of labor is over, bare not your arm to work, trust not to industry, enter prise and honest effort as your fathers did, but educate yourselves to the science of log rolling, train yourselves to the profession of begging, and trust to the State Treasury and not to yourselves. He objected to the method of this loan. If the loan is to be made do it like men ; put your hands iuto the coffers of the State now, tax yourselves note. He had witnessed many hard struggles by the fathers of this State to lay up competences for their children, Ac. But never before had he wit nessed such a spectacle as that be.ere him, where a congregation of fathers, nay, the guardians of the State, were solemnly striving osa Idle upon their posterity a ruinous and onerous burden. Our children were to tax themselves to pay this debt. For one, he could not approve the measure. He concluded, by invoking the spirit of justice to temper and restrain the wild schemes ol mistaken progress. Mr. Pickett of Gilmer, should indulge in no fancy sketches. Mr. P. made a few remarks iu favor of State aid, but preferred to hear from the gentlemau^rom Glynn. The rules were suspend ed ; the house adjourned to 3. P. M. Mr. Glass of Newton, opened the discussion of the afternoon. Mr. G. was opposed to .State aid in a Speech which did him credit. He said, that had he believed Mr Hill to be in favor of State aid, a* much as he respected and loved him, be would have voted against him, if he had been the only man in Georgia who did it. Mr. Smith of Towns, went in to the details of the bill, and as his Speech covered substantially the same grounds as other* iu favor of it, we omit tho remarks, not meaning, however, by this, to do any injustice to Mr. S., who always speaks well and to the point. Mr. COLQUITT said: Were he to consult his personal interests or be governed by his sympathies, lie would be content that Ihe bill on the table should be transmitted to the Senate with the announcement that it had passed the House; but the instincts of self inter eresfc, and the promptings of sympathy, though safe as guides in business and social life, are mi safe when admitted into public counsels, life had no particular animosity to this meaauie. If ii stood alone he would remain silent, but in iff track were following an innumerable company o. like measures. Should we not resist the first and all. In all our legislation, we should act upon an enlarged principle, the principle of equal jus tice. If we subscribe to this undertaking, where shall we stop? What company shall we deny?— What work shall we refuse to aid? Will you aid every road of equal extent? every road 170 miles in length? one hundred miles long? sixty? thirty? twenty? If we do not shall we not lie justly chargeable with injustice? Pass this bill, and no man can calculate the number, of similar appli cations we shall have at this and the ensuing ses sion. Will we stop with railroads and oorpora w?io arc srrrrn<?~rjy reason or mcir tnmm-, ***•■-re fuse individuals who are weak and unable to do but little? Is it not rather the duty of govern ment, if it aids at all, to aid the weak? Couid we oppose such applications? There is below this city an immense swamp, which if drained and saved from the inundations of the river, would, lam told, equal in fertility the richest bottoms ol the Mississippi. At present it is worthless and pays nothing by way of tax into the Treasury. Why not lend the aid of the State to the proprie-. tors that they may bring it iuto cultivation, Aug ment their property, increase tho lax, aud to that extent develop the resources of the State? ‘there were many of his acquaintances who would haar with satisfaction that the State had become a money lender and that without usury. Here is one who owns SUOU acres of pine land—unclear ed and uncultivated it is worth only one dollar an acre. He proposes to clear it and make a farm upon it, which will increase its value to ten dollars; he will put upon it one hundred negroes brought from Virginia, and increase the wealth oi the State that much—he will erect a steam mill, furnish lumber to his neighbor* and the county,by which they make improvements and increase their taxable property; and.to effect all these desirable objects, all he wishes is the bonds of the State payable at twenty years, with interest, and ii he fails to pay interest aud principal, he will turn over laud aud negroes to the State. \\ ill you la vor his application? This is said to be an ex treme ease, and that we should limit the principle by exercising a wise discretion. Do the support ers of this measure and others of a kindred cha racter, impose such a limit upon themselves? Are not the friends of this bill the friends of every similar bill? Is there a Representative who will vote for aid to this road that will not vote lor aid to any other road? I ask for a reply. No re sponse. What do we see here? When a proposi tion of this kind is before us, is not an appeal made to tiie friends of the system to “come up,Tor if the system fails, they will fail t<> get aid for their particular section; ‘ ami if there should be an impracticable section, whose votes and influ ence arc needed, how easy i3 it to run a little out there and hush all disturbance? By such ar rangements and combinations, each project, though weak in itself, is strong by reason of its union with others, and receives its pass-port by the company it keeps. There was noi a member who would not repel the influence of local inter ests and sectional feelings, but such are the de coipts of the human heart that they insensibly in fluence us. We should discard such kclings, we should scrutinize our motives lest ihe tempting baits that are held out to our cupidity may lead us from the discharge of our duty. There was a moral and keen insight into human nature iu that saying of the man of Pella; that “an ass laden with gold will find his way through the gates of the strongest city.” If such be the extent to which this principle will be carried, ought we not to pause before we adopt it? Mr. Calhoun once observed that the points of resistance in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, lay upon the surface; and he instanced the skin of animals and the bark ol trees—one*/ penetrated and the heart was soon reached. The same is true of moral and political questions—a principle once infracted, it is almost impossible to repair the breach. • We have had glowing descriptions of the value of Railroads. They advance the value of lands— diminish the price of transportation—disseminate wealth and intelligence—build yp towns —popu- late cities and in thepoetie language of the Repre sentative from Glynn (Mr. Harris) fill the tranquil Sleeping waters of our sea-ports with teeming fleets. This was the splendid illusion which charms and captivates. The beauty of the picture deludes our judgments. Pleasure has ever been portray ed by poets and painters as clothed with smiles and adorned with jewels ; but those who are se duced by her blandishments enter the snare of the fowler and become a ruin ere they are aware of it. Mr. C. was not unfriendly to Railroads. He could behold with as much delight as the advocates of this measure, mountains levelled and valleys filled up; but the question was, how and by whom. the proposition of this bill aud others was that the several companies upon completion of a certain number of miles of railway should mortgage the same to the state and receive bonds at the rate of seven thousand dollars per mile. The projectors say with this aid they will build their roads. That is questionable. There may be accidents, failure aud misfortunes. The funds may fall short.— The stock-holders may become alarmed aud aban don the enterprise. Many of the projects stimu lated into existence by the hope of aid will be wild add visionary and will fail of themselves. What will be the result ? Incomplete roads will be thrown upon the State at a dead loss—or ii com pleted it will be done by direct appropriations.— Should the roads be constructed the State wiil is sue her bouds at $701)0 per mile. There being five hundred miles or thereabout of rail-way now in eon templation as will be seen by the bills introduced here, bouds will be issued for three million five hundred thousand dollars payable twenty years henceand bearing interest fr--m date. The compa nies say they will pay the interest a* it becomes j due. Will they doit? How? From the nett | PEYTON H. COLQ.TJITI, ) Editorg JAMES W. WARREN, S ’ Number 46 earnings of the road? Muchas had been said about the profits of rail-roads in Georgia there is not one known to him that had paid an average of 7 per cent from the date of its construction. The Central Railroad, that great monopoly which in the figurative language used here bad usurped the power and commerce of the State had not paid six percent. The State road running through a region rich in minerals and agriculture'find bear ing off on its track not only the ore of tlic moun tains aud the products of the soil that lie on its ;ine hut supported by a country as rich beyond, had not paid one cent on the cost of its con • rruction. Ifow n. nv of :he roads to be built under the system p p- -. *i will do tiny better? If they uo not pay the interest, at the expiration of twenty years, w ; hull have an indebtedness of 10 or 12 .niUior.s of dollars exclusive of the present debt. •Vill you visit such a burden upon our children and those who follow us ? If, however, contrary to the experience of every road in Georgia they should be ; >i< io meet the installments of intcr ■st as i hey become due—the principal sum of three million* five hundred thousand dollars will re main to be paiil they will not hove a dollar to meet it. “mm State then must pay it. For reim oursemen; the roads will he sold by the Shtrifi at public outcry, Or be taken by the State as Tm* property. What they will bring ot a forced sale no man can tell. They * will go at an immense sacrifice every body knows. If the State takes them they will be an expense rather than a pay ment of her bonds. In any event the State los es. There were those who looked with indiffer ence on a large public debt and avowed that taxes were imp riant to preserve the allegiance of tffe people, -h’ claimed no sympathy with any such doctrine. Who of the Representatives here did not hail w ;h gratification ihe announcement umue in the Governor’s Message that she credit of Geor gia si nod prdeminent among her sister States.— Will on icstroy ii ? Will you break it down by flood ’ng t very market, town and city with her bonds? Let ns preserve her character* Let us present t< ihe world for once the rare spectacle of a St;;fc v si in resources, boundled in wealth, and without • ilMlar of debt \ Mr. C. referred to the injustice h; t would be done to the Central'rail road if; .* . ’ tales liould unite in building a ccmpe •iug ron !. C. 11. R. was built at great, expense at a lime wh :: rail roads were an experiment* and when ih to was uo outlet Uwthe sea. A few en lorprisi.jg men embarked their all in it, life, labor, capital were spent in iis construction. Will you lay the strong arm of tho government upon it ? Let private enterprise build a competing road if it vill, b: ihe .Slate should take no pin t. He re gretted to bear insinuations that members acted tore under Savannah influence. He was indiffer ent as to the motives to him. lie would not be worthy of a seat on the floor, or the respect of gentlemen if he could be driven from the con scientious oLobarge of duty by the fear of such a .suspicion. Os Savannah he knew but little, of her citizens he knew but little, lie had ho doubt they were generom- and hospitable, it was a city ofGeor gia and he proud to say that there was no city .North or : mii.of the same population aud wealth that in building roads, opening communication in the outlay of capital and enterprise had done so much. Allusions had been made to this measure.in connection with the rights of the. South. The gentlemen from Glynn advocated it as a Southern Rights measure—The gentlemen from Lumpkin rallied the Union men to the cry. It was a proud day for Georgia when on a measure purporting to have for'one ofits objects, the defence of her honor and interests past feuds arc forgotten—past ani mosities. and.Southern Rights and Union men •shall 10. k their shields in a common cause. Many think the day not distent when we shall be com pelled to seek under our State Government a ref uge from ihe usurpations and wrongs of a federal Legislature. If we would prepare for the emer gency—if we would he ready when the day comes, let us husband our resources —let us gather up our scattered energies—that, when the devouring de mon walks abroad, clothed with the mantle and armed with the sceptre of power and stimulated by t lit; insatiable ‘spirit of fan atavism, %e may arise like the Eagle renewed in his strength and drive him hack bowling from our borders. lie never deluded any man, upon the hustings, or any-where else. Who does not know (lint in 1833, we passed through a trying ordeal? Then we had entered on no great system <•!’internal improvement. Then tho principle of mtem&l improvement received its first impulse. Ho read from the message of Govenor Lumpkin. He woufd try the gentleman from Baldwin by his own record. He read from the Journal of M 34. Mr. Kenan rose to explain. Mr Harris had no objection to the position of the gentleman in 1834. Though* toe was right then wrong now. Ue read from the journal of the House in 1835. Georgia’s geographical position makes her the empire tstatc of the South; the key stone of the arch. He intended to show that ;he gentleman from Baldwin had voted for State Aid. He read from the journal of 1835. Is this anew loctrlne? lie read from the journal ol 1836. lie read from the journals of several previous Legis latures, showing that the State aided in numerous railroad enterprises. These were days, when no pigmies sat on this floor, He was accused to-day, >i traveling oul of his way to cull flowers to be deck the brow of II V Johnson—he needed no in cense of his, on his altar. His monument is in the hearts of his countrymen. lie spoke of Messrs Toombs and Stephens in highly complimentary terms. He was a representative from the first congress ional District, lie knew he represented that Dis rrict, when he asked for State Aid ; lie came here to represent the whole State of Georgia, lie was too good a brother in law to the Methodistjchurch to misstate a fact. He read from the Message of Gov. Johnson. YVe ask you this day to lend ns your aid to make the very connection Gov. J. recommends. As the gentleman from Henry said, he would now produce a “battering ram.” Ho read from Gov. Brown’s Message. This bill was framed in accordance with his recommendations. Why is it that, these objections were blown away from the great minds of the Representatives of the Bth Congressional District, aud your Senator in Congress. \V here does this opposition come from ? the Cen tral Railroad: must the interest of 10,000 voters be sacrificed to this juggernaut of the Central Rail road. The building of the Main Trunk has in creased the facilities of that portion of the State. He spoke of the Road from Charleston to Savan nah. He spoke of the connection of the Railroads at Columbus and Augusta carrying our exports to Charleston. We tried to 101 l owl he train of Mr. Harris’ re marks. till forced by his eloquence and the late ness of the hour, dark coming on, we sat so en tranced that we forgot our business. We reiter ate our remarks of Saturday, with the additional one. that in our judgment, he has more popular oratory than any man in the House. Mr. Irwin of M iikes, explained his position this morning—asked gentleman not to be carried away by the oratory of the gentleman lrom Ulvnn. He Mr. I* had not argued *bo principle of State Aid—he had only spoken of this partic ular bill. He stated in bis place on Saturday, and agaiu this morning, that the security placed upon the bill was not worth the paper upon which it was written —pass this bill and it will take Gov ernor Brown and all the men who will follow him, to bunt down these broken stockholders. In the name of all the patriots you have invoked, we beg you to reconsider this bill and let the proper re strictions be put upon it, £</., Ac. Mr. Irwin sat down, and cries of the question were heard from all quarters. Such a moment of suspense: we have seldom seen. Friends aqd op ponents alike afraid of the rcsnlt. The yeas were 74—nays 03. So the motion to reconsider prevailed. The House adjourned to 10 o’clock to-morrow morning. In closing our report of these debates wc beg so say that if we have misstated any member shall be glad and ready to correct the error. It we hare not given as full synopsis of their speech es as would have been desirable we beg them to attribute that, to the “fault of “ur head and not our heart.” The debates were long and stormy and it is generally conceded that the speeches of yesterday were on the whole the best delivered in the House since the days of those great men, Colquitt, Cooper and BlacK. R G. A genuine sou of the Emerald Isle, finding only in attendance upou his proposed lec (iire’made the following address: “Ladies and gentlemen, as there is nobody here, I’ll dismiss you all. The performances of tjii.- night will not be performed, but they icill be repeated to-morrow evening.” Good-Bve, Filibusters !—.Gen. Walker was here last Saturday and left that night by rail for Mobile. lie is more confident, apparently, than wo have ever seen him, and believes that neither British nor Yankee cruisers will molest him. Ho expected to sail to-day, or at farthest, to morrow, for Nicaragua.— Montgomery Hail, Nov. 16.