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R. CO., Proprietors. Volume XVifk. 10U HBIB, TIKSIIAV. , m The Drama. Os Mr. Fleming anil his dramatic corps ou ;1 visit to this city the Savannah Itrfmbliean eiho 2!lth remarks : The short season just now [.assed —ending fiy the present this evening—has been highly sue-’ eeesfut, so far at least, as the efforts of Mr. Flem ing and his corps are concerned. The public has i not responded with houses as good as were tleserv- i cd. but it is tlie beginning of trie season, and one marked by the intense business application of most ! of the the Athenaum. The next ! representation in order, beginning on tl* Mb of i Deceiniier, will be the English Opera. Meanwhile j the dramatic corps will make a visit to Columbus 1 where they will open oil Monday evening next, ami then at Macon—returning here hi two or three weeks, or as soon as the season shall f have passed. We warmly recommend .Mr. Flern- j , mg and Iris company to the theatrical public of j j Colmnhtis and Macon, and trust they will return j I to us well satisfied with theirvisit If they do not i 1 make a good impression amt draw good houses, * we shall (Mtw4ly Tliey ♦lcs , erveeii- t couragement. not only for this year's Imslness, butH c as an earnest of the future. On Thursday evening ‘Mr. Fleming made his first appearance as Hamlet. He conceives the part so well, and plays with-so much correct feel ing, that we are not surprised at his preference far the tragic muse, but we adhere to our opinion, that there is too much heavy w*rk and hard study for the other aetirs in these great Shakesperiun pieces j —let alone the foot that they ha\ e been played over . much, of late years, and that the public taste sets f strongly in favor of those comedies which arc I based upon the realities of 6ur own time. Mr. Fleming,had no reason to be dissatisfied with his j reception—and that by a fair house—thel*estof ! the season. In view of this fact, we are not sure that our own impressions are those most accepta ble to the lovers of histrionic art. The last representation will take place this even ing for Mrs. Fleming a benefit, and we can bespeak for her a good house. She has many friends and admirers here already, and we are sure they will not, be unmindful of her claims. “Ingomar” is the play selected for this occasion, with Mr. Fleming in the principal character, being his third appear ance : Mrs. Fleming as “Parthema.” The aft***- piece will be “I'nc!* Bum, ‘ in which Mr. Kemble *rill appear. Mrs. F. will sing two of her popular ballads between the piece-,. I tiitcil states Senatorial Election. Coi.rmri .v. .3. F.. Sov. 27, P. M.—There were two unsuccessful ballots in the South Carolina Legislature to-day, for United States Senator.— The second ballot resulted thus : Ex-Gov. Adams. 37 I John McQueen. 2% j (\ t. Meminger, 80 j Col. Maiming, 21 j 11. B. Khett. 21 James Chestnut, 21 | The Next Umtku States Senate.—The United States Senate—which convene* in De- j cemHcr. IS 69, and ends.on the Ith of March.* TSfti -—will be constituted politically as follows : Northern Democrat-, 9 j South’n Opposition 2 j Southern Democrats. 28 j North'n Opposition 26 j As Oregon will undoubtedly be admitted into the Union this winter, with her two United States ‘ Senators, the Democrats will have twelve majority j over the Opposition ou all political questions.— This estimate; gives the Opposition a Senator in New Jersey and one in Minnesota, which it is j very doubtful whether they will obtain. waro's Letters. —The very interesting and valu able letters written by Gen. Thomas S. Mood word, now of Louisiana, to the Senior editor of the Mail and to other persons in Alabama, con cerning the early history of Alabama, especially : iu connection with the first Creek Indian Wai, j will shortly be issued from the press in Montgom ery. in pamphlet form. These letters will make a j neat little volume of about one hundred and t wen- j ty-five pages, and will be retailed at half a dollar each, or sold in quantities of twenty or over, at twenty-five cents a copy. Several of the letters have not yet appeared in print, and will be read with much satisfaction by all who feel an interest in our early history. Orders may he addressed to tbe publisher? of j the Montgomery Mail, enclosing the money. Pacific Railroad.—A petition has been pro pared and circulated for signatures, praying Con venes to provide for the construction of a double j track railroad from tbe Atlantic to the Pacific, with a collateral telegraph—the work to lie done : by ten distinct companies, in as many sections, each being paid its share ot one hundred millions of dollars as its work may be done. No lands are to be given: none but American iron and other materials of American manufacture must be used the fan’ for through passengers must never ex ceed three-fourths of a cent per mile, and the whole work must be completed within five years. For the construction of a road upon these conditions, the petitioners say they “will erer pray. We do not doubt it.—-V. Time*. A Necbo R inxisg fob Refbeskstative in Maine. —An election for Representative, to fill the place ofWm. Chase, resigned, took place in Port land, Me., on the lrith inst. Neal Dow, the great temperance and negro-equality champion, and a colored man. named Peter Fraud*, were the prin cipal competitors. There being but an indifferent selection for candidates, comparatively few votes were east, but the people generally preferred tbe white man to the Republican of a darker shade, and so ‘'temperance and freed,!*i triumphed by a majority of seven hundred and seventy-two votes. yjg- A despatch from Washington to the K.T. J Herald, states that The history of the claims of our citizens against j foreign governments, called for t.y Senator Benja- j min’s resolution, is progressing rapidly at the De partment of State, and will be presented to the : Senate at the earliest possible day. The amount ; involved will be found to be very heavy* probably j over fifty millions of dollar-. That portion of the President's forthcoming Message referring to Mexican affairs, will show a j strange State of things. The claims of American j citizens against Mexico amount to about fifteen millions of dollara^^^^^^^ A Spirited Trotting Match. St. Loris, Nov. 26.—An exciting trotting j match came off here yesterday, between Honda j Temple and Reindeer, for a purse of one thous- j and dollars. The purse was given to Reindeer, j in consequence of a collision in the second heat, I which was attributed to foul play oh the part of j Florida's rider. . Minister to France. Washington. Nov. 27.—The most intimate friends of the lion. Howell Cobh, Secretary of the Treasury, deny the authenticity of the report that he will be scut as Minister to France. Kansas Matters. Washington, N0v.27.-Authentic advices have been received from Kansas, which’ state that Montgomery and his band have been indicted, and the entire party arc now eluding an arrest, yjp- Prof. Morse has just received in Paris the instalment (100,000 francs.) of the testimonial of •he ten European powers. From the Daily Fedt rilfl uion. HcNiguation of lion. K. Ward. # SENATE.’ Satt rday. November 27. Mr. Hill of Harris introduc'd a set of llesolu ! iioos as follow^: V\ hereag; we have learned with profound regret i that the Honorable John £. “Ward of the county of (’hatham, is about to resign his seat as Sena tor. Therefore be it llesolvoo. rhat hiffcoiifieetion with us has been agreeable, urbaqe amimanly.aml a* President of the Senate, lie has shjfwn himself prompt, impartial and efficient. That; Chatham ■ county, will loose a faithful Representative, and j the Senate of Georgian presiding officer second to ( ione. In his contemplated mission, may the j Euler of all things guard and proteet him in the | land of the Stranger and so shape Ids labors that j they may redound to the interest and glory of China and America. The resolutions were taken I 11 P read, and passed without a dfceenting voice. The Hon. John E. Ward then arose and ad \ dressed the Senate as follows: Senators:—/The relafionshship which has so long, and on my part, so pleasantly existed be tween us. is about to be terminated. When more than twelve months since I 4 was elevated by your kindness, to the position which I am now about to resign into your % hands, and vested with the uower* which I now surrender back to you: ffom tnis plaee 1 gave toe pieuge, mui i nuuin *n charge the duties of that position—that l would exercise those powers faithfully, honestly and . impartially: how far I have been enabled to re deem that pledge is for your decision. On my ; part, as your presiding officer. I hare received ! only respect and kindness. H would be strange, indeed, if I could, without regret, part from such ’ a body. If.l could, without emotion, to such men. I would say farewell. Upon that floor, as tbe Se nator from the county of Chatham, I have en- I deavored to be true alike to my immediate con stituents, and to the people of this State. Engaged as wo have been, in the discussion of f questions of most intense and exciting interest to Our constituents—questions, in the solution of which, within the broad limits of our State, there was no man too rich, no man too poor to he in different. It was certainly not to have been ex pected, hardly to have been desired, that there should not have been an earnestness which may have produced irritation, perhaps temporary alienation. I But all this must long since have passed away, ! before tbe consciousness that each Senator was hut stniggling to advance or to defeat such measures as he believed would promote or injure the best in terests of his State. Popular applause in this country is the due, the only reward of the faithful public servant. I t is most natural, that he should seek so win, and when Avon, to prize it. vet he mav sometime- u enlled ipon to misrttgitimate object ot ambition, to tread*the rugged path of duty. God give me strength ever thus to act, though even’ friend forsake, and I be doomed to Avalk that path alone. I had hoped that our separation would have keen only at the close of the present session, but 1 hrfve been suddenly summoned to enter upon f the discharge of other duties. In their perform I anec, I must leave my State and my country. If ; i may but promote the prosperity of that State, i and advance the interest- of that country, my am ! bition will have been gratified. Neither time nor distance can efface from my memory the recollection of Georgia. Beneath her bright sun, fortune rocked iny cradle! By her sea-girt shore Avas the home of my infancy, the play-place of my childhood ! Beneath her sod, moulder the ashes of the loved and lost. I may have differed from many of her true sons upon that policy which would best promote her glory. In the hour of her prosperity, with peace and plenty Avithin her borders, in t.lie contempla tion of her own motto. I may have too closely studied “modkrationv’ but jlet the storm gather around her. let her be plunged into conflict, ( right or wrong,) with any power under the canopy of Heaven, and wherever duty or pleasure may have called me, in whatever service I may lieengugcd. her first cry. echoing across lands and seas, ami oceans, shall strike upon my car, and as the weary child flies for rest to its mother’s arms, so will I hack to her bosom, to mingle with her sons, with them to triumph, or with them to fall. Senators: The hour having arrived when, by 1 your rules, I am required to declare the Senate . adjourned until :> ;> clffKjni. 1 Secretary, as your presiding officer, I have per formed mv last official act. As vour companion and friend I bid you farewell: Allen a land Male. i Rv reference to onr advertising columns it will Ibe seen tlmt Judge Allen is a candidate for the ; Judgeship at the ensuing election. This an ! uouncemcnt may well take every otte by surprise, i for reasons we will mention. Isr.lle owes his election to the place he now or eupios, to the nominttHoii ofthe Democratic party ; which hechecrfuly accepted, and took the benefit : of. He now repudiates the action of that party. 2d. He plainly avowed himself not a candidate for re-elccthm, liy a letter published in the Bain bridge Argns. He now repudiates that. J.H’.eforc the convention assembled which made | the present nomination, he gave his assurance, in ’ writing, that ‘die could not consent to retire(trom ; the candidacy) onlv at the bidding of the Dem ocoatie party—that there would, be presumed,be Ia Convention, and that he should most ehcerfnlly ! abide its action.” He notv rrj.nfiiatr* that. 4th. He declined to lie a candidate to nroid a ! “heated contest.” He now repudiate* that, be i comes a candidate to ftrodttve a “heated contest. ■ Tbe frequent reversal of Jttdge Allen by the I shipremo Court has been the snbject of complaint, i It can l>e said in his defence, that this he could uot help. But the public cannot excuse such re • versals of hiiMclf.—AUtang Patriot. i More Groaxixg Usher Railroad Taxes.— i The farmers of Dubuque, lowa, who allow ed the ! county to subscribe their credit to the Dubuque ■ aud Pacific Railroad, now want to get rid of pay j ing the interest, as the railroad pays nothing.— The Philadelphia Ledger says! ■ They have determined to test the constitution ’ ;l litv of the question as to whether they are bound Ito pay the railroad tax. The ground on which it I is resisted is, that the railroad company did not : comply with the conditions of the loan. This ! wottld’be a much better and lionester plea in a suit against the railroad company than against those who iu good faith purchased the bonds. A\ bile the farmers of lowaare grumbling at paying debts already contracted, they have another scheme be fore them proposing that the .State issue a loan and assume a debt of tenor fifteen millions ot dol lars to aid certain railroads which will tax the ■ i people as many dollars as they now pay cents.— . The argument is that it will benefit the State. If ■ 1 it docs not benefit the State there will be luture arguments for repudiating the debt. The Paraguay Fleet Wanted fur Met leu. We printed yesterday an interesting letter from •m ex-British naval officer to the Loudon Daily upon the subject ,of the expedition which s our government has just despatched to Paraguay. From the care and circumstantiality evinced hi ■ this letter there can be but little doubt that its I facts and conclusions have been drawn from the 1 Dictator himself. The writer of the cummumea : tion in question has. it appears, lately arrived m London from Asuncion, with the Paraguayan • youth who went to London by Lopez s orders to : finish their education. The writer attempts to excuse the attack of Lopez’s forts upon the W atcr | “Witch, and defends Lopez against the statements 1 made bv the American company, which claims indemnity for having been broken np after recog nition bv the Dictator. Further, the writer pleads ! favor of Paraguay, saying that we can rum her if we so desire, and though there is here and I there a little bravado, yet tlie thing looks through out a good deal like a white flag or an olive Nmv to set the matter right before the people, we"avail! remind our English cotemporary of <me j’ act . Quj government has sent a special com- I missionin’ to Paraguay to arrange certain mutters in dispute between the governments, ibat com i tnis-ioner is escorted by a respectable naval force, S but he goes on a mission of peace, and proceeds 1 to the capital alone, and exactly in the same_u.au ! ner that anv ordinary diplomat, nndor ordinary circumstances, would adopt. Ho will investigate everything and act fairly and liberally in every wav! The contingency that the fleet will be used for anything more than a show is so remote as to i be almost beyond the bounds of probability, i pez will find Judge Bowlin prepared to treat with Paraguay in a perfectly fair way. It is well, however, that this Paraguayan fleet has been fitted out. It is not at all improbable i that iu view of theeomplieation of Mexican aflairs there w ill be work for it in the tlulf. where the vessels should be concentrated immediately, ami, with as many more as can lie got ready for sea. or dered to watch the operations of Spain, which ■ Power supported by France and England, now , menaees MeXico. Our interests forbid us to th.nk THH UNION’ OP THE STATES, AMI THE SOVEREIGNTY OP THE STATES. fora moment of allowing any of these Powers to obtain a hold upon the frohtier of the United States. Bo are the nearest neighbor of Mexico, and must shieldher from the attacks of European Powers. As soon as possible the Paraguay fleet should be mustered under the guns of tin a Juan dc Uloa. The Paraguay affair is a flea bite in com parison with the great events that arc coming iu the Gulf.—.V. Y. j/r, senators From North Carolina. We learn from Raleigh that a caucus of the democratic members of the North Carolina legis lature has agreed upon candidates for the federal Senate to till the vacancy occasioned by the resig nation of Judge Biggs, and the one about to oc cur by the expiration of Gov. Reid’s term of ser vice. We are glad to learn that for the first of these vacancies Mr. Clin gin an has been nominated by acclamation : and, as the democratic nomination is equivalent to an election, we have the happi ness to congratulate>Mr. (Vs numerous friends ;md political admirers of his certain election to the senate. For the prospective vacancy we learn tliar.gfter a few ballottings, Governor Thomas Bnigg, the present able and popular Executive of North Carolina, has been named by his party. We ex ceedingly regret the loss of so sterling a democrat as'Senator Reid from the federal legislature, of whib. he has lieen one of the most useful mem bers along time, and regret that considerations of locality should have operated to his prejudice as a resident iu the western portion of the Slate : but, if Ave must needs lose Mr. Reid, no man from all eastern North Carolina could have been found more acceptable by reputation to the democrat*} of the Union than Gov. Bragg. North Carolina may well be congratulated on the prospect of being represented, in the Senate by tAvo gentlemen of t he ability and popularity of Messrs. Cliugraau and Bragg. B ’auk. futon. .lambi Taken b> the butch. One of the items brought by the steamship City of Baltimore, and published in yesterday's Herald, was thatJambi was taken by the Dutch. It is almost identical with the old joke that the Dutch had taken Holland. Janibiis a town of Sumatra —one of those Dutch islands in the Indian archi pelago made familiar to American readers by Capt. Gibson’s romantic story of the Castle of AVelfevrc den. Jamhi is a small town on the id and of Sum atra, having a population of only some three thou sand. and being the capital of an independent State fff the same name. The inhabitant* are Malays, and are not much troubled with religious ideas!— If the invaders had belonged to any other race of people than the Dutch, avc might. i ignorance of “ quarrel, have been led illi.o me supposition that the missionary enterprise was at the bottom of it. As it is. we must be sat isfied with the supposition that thy Jainbese peo ple had given some cause of offence to the Dutch authorities at Palembaug. and that this was the teterrium causa belli. Whatever the cause of quarrel, however, Jambi is iu possession of the Dutch, and, as it does not appear that they arc treading on our corns, we may wish them good bargain in it. Conquest and annexation seem to be the order of the da w Whose turn next? -V. Y th ru Id. [From flic < olumfiia < arolmiam Nov. -J7.J The Slave Tradeßeno I litlons am! Speech of Mr. Mazyck. The interest felt in the case of the slaver Echo, about to he tried in the Federal Court in this dis trict bus madeitself manifest thus early in the Senate of the State, in the following resolutions introduced into that body by Senator Mazyff k : UcHolvcd. That the Constitution ol the I'nited States contains no grant of power to regulate, pre vent or restrict commerce among foreign relations: and, therefore, all acts of Congress purporting to prohibit or interfere with the slave trade, between foreign countries, are unconstitutional, and have no rightful force or effect. * Jl'-Holccd, That the avt of Congress declaring the slave trade to be piracy, if it be understood as affirming that it is piracy in the nature of things, and iu the sense of the Constitution, affirms Avhat is not true: and inasmuch as it purports and in tends to convert into piracy what is not so in the ( nature of things, and in the sense of the ('onstitu- I (IQJI, the riajil ar-t *► null ami I tty a vote of twenty-five yeas, to fifteen nays, the i resolutions ay ere referred to the Committc on fed eral Relations. tlirisihtuil) in t lilna. It is not a little remarkable that four of the most powerful nations of the earth, in negotiating with the most populous of all the Pagan nations, should have united, as they have done, in securing iu that nation the free diffusion of the Christian re ligion. The Russian Treaty secures “protection for all who shall embrace Christianity, the same as enjoyed by other religionists tolerated in the Empire.” The American Treaty secures lliat, “Any per sons, whether American citizgns or Chinese con verts, who, according to its tenets, peaceably teach and practice the principles of Christianity, shall, in no ease, be interfered with or molested. The English Treaty says : “ Persons teaching or professing Christianity, shall be entitled to pro tection,” Ac. The French Treaty runs: “No obstacle shall be interposed by the Chinese authorities to the re cognised right of any persons in China to embrace Christianity, obey its requirements, without being subject to any penalty. Missionaries to be un molested,” ic. These treaty stipulations show, says the Boston Traveler: 1. That the Christian religion has a command ing power in the sentiments of the rulers of the most powerful nations ol the earth, it is a recog nized institution of great moral value, and is pro vided for ill the most solemn transactions between the empires of the earth. ”. That Christianity was to die in less than fit ly years, was the confident anticipation of the most distinguished infidels who were oil tile earth half a oentury ago. These treaties show it has lived. These prophets, where are they ? 3. These treaties will conduce, beyond ques tion. to the rapid spread of tiie Christian faith throughout the long benighted Empire ot China, removing many hitherto formidable obstacles. 4. This recognition of Christianity as un insti tution. and providing for its protection as it spreads, is a powerful encouragement to its friends to use their most vigorous efforts for it.- universal diffusion.— Char. Courier. France. The following letter, addressed by the Emperor Napoleon to the Trince Napoleon, Minister ol Algeria and the Colonies, appears in the Paris Moniteur : St, Clot and, October 30. Mu Dtar'Cousin I have the liveliest desire that, at the moment when the difference with 1 l|r tugal relative to the C’harles-et-Ocnrges Ims ter minated, the question of t lie engagement oi tree laborers on the African coast should be definitely examined and finally settled on the truesfepnuci ples of humanity and justice. I energetically claimed from Portugal the resti tution ofihe Cbarles-ct-Ueolges. because I will always maintain intact the independence of the national flag: and. in this case, it was Only with the profound conviction of my right t hat * 1 risked with the Kioftnf Portugal a rapture of those friendly relations which I alu glad to maintain with him. _ , , .... But as to the principle of the engagement ot the negroes, lnv ideas are far from being settled. //, in trull,, laborer, recruited on the Ajrtcan-no are not allowed the af thorjrce mil. and if thin enrolment Is ouly the dare-trade ,nd,re. f will have it on no term* ; for it is not 1 who n iff a,,.,, where protent enterprise contrary toprogrtv, I beg Vtfa ‘"hen, to seek out the truth with the zeal and SitcUigeutfc which you bring to bear on -all affairs which you take in hand : and, as the best method of putting an end to what is n eon tin.nd cause of dispute, would be to suhstituto the free labor of .the Indian Coolies tor that ot the ne groes. I beg you to come to an understanding;wh the Minister of Foreign Affairs to resume with the English Government the negotiations which wire entered upon a few months ago. Whereon, my dear cousin, I pray God to have ‘you in his holy keeping. pOLEOK . Emigration.—The numberof emigrants arrived at this port, for the week ending the 24th tnst., was nine hundred aud seventy-eight making a total of seventy four thousand three hundred and seventeen since the commencement of the .year.— The arrivals for a corresponding period in IbJ! numbered one hundred and seventy-three thou sand seven hundred and sixty. — N. I. Jour, oj Commerce, Xor, 28. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1858 COLI YIBIS, WEDNESDAY. DE( EMBER 1, tvs. What docs It Wean? We published a dispatch in our last issue an nouncing the fact that three Spanish and tAvo French ships of Avar had anchored off the Island of Sacrificios, at the entrance of the bay of Vera Cruz. Considered by itself, this demonstration is not devoid of significance. Nor is the conclusion which we would naturally derive from such a state of things, relieved by a consideration of rela tions existing between the Spanish and Mexican Governments. Through all the mutations of tli*lr several fortunes, each preserves for the other a deep-seated, unrelenting hostility. A remem brance of bis. former wrongs—nurses the hatred of the Mexican for his ancient oppressor, while Spain, decrepid, dcgcncrarp and acmorali/ed though she be, Avith hardly vigor enough to wield the sceptre over her greatly circumscribed domin ions. indulges ail unprofitable, yet urrfcbpenaable ambition for dominion over her once rich and flourishing colony. Nor can it be doubted* that she has ample cause for quarrel anil for demand of satisfaction from that distracted people. Indeod. if she had not, her case would be an exception from the condition of all other nations avlm have endeavored to maintain conimereinFrelations with Mexico. fShe is iu debt t> everybody, she lias infracted the rights of every people, anil the politi cal convulsions to which she seems doomed,have so exhausted her resources, and reduced her finances to such a state of depletion, that she U left without the means of payment of the one or of reparation for the other. Vet, >ve cannot think that Spain intends more than a threat by her present attitude. She must be satisfied that this Government will not allow her. or any other power, for any consid eration, to obtain a foot-hold upon the Gulf. The United States must in time, inevitably succeed the miserable factions which sway the destinies of our tawny neighbors. Bpain, too, knows full well, that she holds Cuba by sufferance of us, ami that a rupture of peaceful relations with this Govern ment would imperil her title to the Queen of the Antilles. If,however, her valor should qverrido her discretion, if uiW*lorti hy the promised aid of France and l’#?taud, she should practically contravene and the long-enunciated policy of the United States, we shall have a fine time ill Gulf this Avinter, and when the smoke of the con flict clears away, Jonathan will be found sitting cross-legged in his Cuban Hacienda, luxuriating in the fumes of his royal Cabar.os. The game is ] increasing in interest. : The Cass Ueriau reaty. The treaty negotiated between General Cass and Senor Herrau, for the settlement of the ques tions growing out of the Panama outrage, says the Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia North American, will le submitted to the Senate for ratification, in the form in ivhich it avus amen'd ed by New Granada. The Minister addressed an explanatory letter to the Government, which re lieves the modifications of their objectionable fea tures: and meantime New Granada has agreed to suspend the e<]lection of the onerous tolls claimed to be imposed on the mail and other matter pass ing over the Isthmus. In fact, the officers of our squadron have been instructed, in the last resort, to resist these levies by force, should they be at tempted. So that the New Granada difficulty, Avhich lias first and last so much exercised the public mind, may be regarded as definitely settled, and the President will inform the country of that fact in his annual message. From (he West (oast of Africa. ,I Unmi, say- ~ I- veiy sieklv on Hint coast. V French war steamer had lost 25 men within two weeks. An armed boat from the same Steamer had impressed a French sailor from the brig Rockingham, of Salem. Death of an American Abroad Nkw Voiik, Nov. 23.—The Paris papers an nounce the death there ol Hon. Beiij. 1. Butler, Ot New York, and formerly Attorney General of the United States. Mr. Butler sailed from this port hut a few weeks ago, with his lamily, with tlie view of spending a couple of years in Europe. Freight at Apalachicola,—The Advertiser of the 24th, says: “All the vessels in port are en gaged full and mostly loaded. On just, arrived has taken a full load of cotton ami tobacco, for New York, the former at ;’c.. and the latter at 15e. ~p), foot, which is an advance of 1-1 be. on cotton to New York. AVe are still much in want of vessels, and wonhl again call tbe attention of ship-owners to the certainty of profitable employ ment, if they would send their vessels to this port Tbe port charges here are much lighter than at any other Gulf Port, while it is conceded by all ship masters, that vessels, as a general thing, take more pounds from this port than any other in the country. To Liverpool Hd. New A ork and Boston A Native Curiosity. —The Atlanta IntelUyen cer of Saturday says “Our city was honored Yesterday with the presence of something of a cu riosity. i’ll the shape of Mr. llodgman Rabun, of Carroll county, who is 40 years of age, and has never, until this time, seen a town, a railroad, or a steam engine. Mas never 20 miles from home be fore in bis life, and has never seen Chattahoochee River until he crossed it on his wa.v to this place. M’us 37 years old before he was married, when he was united to a charming young lady of fifteen summers, lias been a Baptist preacher, a school teacher and a country merchant. He is still a resident of “sweet Carroll”, that land, of chivalry and song, whose stones are iron, and out of whose bowels we dig copper Ac., Ac. He was in extatic rapture bn first beholding the mighty iron horse., A Foreign Steamship in Port.— The Savan nah Republican of Saturday says : —The screw steamship Scotia, Caps. Bell, from Havana, arri ved at this port yesterday iu search of freights. Iter destination is Liverpool. This is the first event of the kind we have bad the pleasure of chronicling, though we hope it will prove so profi table a voyage that it will not be the last. Her hist voyage was from the East Indies to Cuba with a cargo of Coolies, ."she draws 19 feet water when loaded, is 1,200 tons burthen, and her deck is 205 feet long. She comes consigned to Messrs. Pad ellord Fay A Cos. We learn that it is in contem plation, and with much hope of sttecess, to estab lish a line of screw steamers between New Orleans and Liverpool. Why may nut Savannah enjoy the benefits of such a line also. New York to re sold at Auction. —The Sheriff advertises that, by a certain writ of execu tion, (supposed to be the Lowlier judgment.) he will expose for sale on the 24th December next, all the real and personal property belonging to the city and county of New Y’ork. Southern Pacific Bail Road.—Louisville. Nov. 2fi. The stockholders of the Southern Pa cific Rail Road met here yesterday, Jeremiah Morton, Esq., acting as Chairman. President • Fovtlkes made an able report, which will be con sidered tomorrow. Two-thirds I>f the stock is rep resented. “Black Ingratitude.” —Randolph, a colored speaker at a late Convention in Utica, told the ab olitionists and under ground rail road men, “it is you and such as you who aro the real enslavers of mv race. Your injudicious efforts to free us have ” dime more than all other things combined to per ■ I petuate our bondage.” Randolph doesn t seem in i’ elineil to color the troth at least.— -horfalk Her- I aid. President of the Senate. We published on yesterday, the beautiful little address of the lion. John E. Ward, delivered upon the occasion of resigning thx “presidency of the ’ on last Saturday morning. In the after noon of the same day an election was held for that office. The fojlowing gentlemen were nominated:— Guerry, of Randolph, Ward of Butts, Whitaker, of Fulton, Gone, of Bullock, Thomas, of Gwinnett and Colquitt, of Muscogee. Mr. Colquitt declined the nomination : He said, with great deference to the honorable Senator lrom the county of Union, who had announced his name, that he must w ithhold the use of it, in connection with the office of Presidency of the Senate. He was not insensible of the high hCuor sought r< be conferred upon him by manyawarm and enthusiastic friends of this body, nor was he ungrateful for this expression of their partiality, but when be looked around the Senate Chamber, ami beheld so many more worthy of the position Gian himself, so many more entitled to it by vir tue of their long sendee and experience ancl Avis dom. lie. would violate his own sense of propriety were he to struggle for the honor attendant upon success in the contest. He was still Young—life was before him. and the bow of promise was yet pointed iu the horizon of his future, hut there were those around him, the sun ofi whose years was setting beyond the western hills, whose names were inscribed upon the pages oft he proceedings of the Senate, ere the light <f Hedven ever shone upon his vision: who were eminently lit for (he honorable position to which he had been nominated, and who should be elected. A choice could lie made from those names w liich had been announced. As for him self his highest ambition and aspirations were to *crve faithfully the constituency w hom he had the honor to represent, so that when he returned koine, having occupied a r seat upon that floor the first and perhaps the last time, he could receive from them the plaudit of “well done, thou good and faithful servant.” ’l’lie balloting was then entered into. On thelirst ballot, Mr. Guerry received 13 votes, Whitaker J: < ..,e 12. Ward, of Butts. It, Thomas 28. The second ballot was as follows: Guerry 51, Whitaker 0, Cone 8, Ward, of Butts, 11, Thomas 23. So the Hon. T. L. Guerry was declared duly elected President of the .Senate, Mr. Colquitt moved that a committee of three j be appointed to conduct Mr. Guerry to the Chair— agreed to. That committee Avcrc Messrs. Cohn.;.* ***■ •< Hjuvi.il On taking the Chair, Mr. Guerry thanked the Senate for the honor conferred. On motion the Senate adjourned until \) 1 / 2 o’clock, A. M., Monday morning. Davis as. Douglas. Senator Davis, in a speech recently delivered by him before the Legislature of Mississippi, repudi ates in the following manner the doctrine of Squatter Sovereignty” which he was represented by Senator Douglas, in his late contest in Illinois, to entertain. I have been represented as having advocated ‘•Squatter Sovereignty ” in a speech made at Ban gor in the State of Maine. A paragraph has been published purporting to be an extract from that speech, and \ imperative criticism, and forced construction have exhausted themselves upon it, with deductions which are considered authorized, because they are uot denied iu the paragraph pub lished. In this case, as in that of the charge in relation to my position in 1552, there is no record with which to answer. 1 never made a speech at Ban gor. Any fair mind would have sought for the speech to see how far the general context explain ed the paragraph, before indulging in hostile crit icism. Senator Douglas, in a speech at Alton, adopt ing the paragraph published, and evidently draw ing his opinion from the unfair construction which had been put upon it, claims to quote from a speech made -by mo at Bangor, to sustain the po sition taken by him at Freeport. He says : “You will find in a recent speech, delivered by that able and eloquent statesman. Hon. Jefferson Davis, at Bangor, Me., that he took the same vieAv .*■ fmy-rSAffirirr .t fuse to enact such laws and police regulations as would give security to their property and his, it would be rendered more or less valueless, in pro portion to the difficulty of holding it without such protection. In the case of property, in the labor of than, or what is usually called slave prop erty, the insecurity would be so great that the owner could not ordinarily retain it. Therefore, though the right would remain, the remedy being withheld, it would follow that the owner would be practically debarred, by the circumstances of the case, from taking slave property into a territory where the sense of the inhabitants was opposed to its introduction. So much for the oft repeated fallacy of forcing slavery upon any community.”’ It is fair to suppose, if the Senator had known where to find the speech from which this extract was taken, that he would have examined it before proceeding to make use of it. And I can but be lieve, if he had taken the paragraph free from the distortion which it had undergone from others, that he must have seen it bore no similitude to his position at Freeport, and could give no coun tenance to the doctrine he then announced! He there said : “The next question Mr. Lincoln propounded to me is, ‘Can the people of a territory exclude slave ry from their limits by any fair means before it comes into the Union as a State?” I answer em phatically, as Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times, on every stump in Illinois that in my opinion, the peopleof u territory, can, by law ful means, exclude slavery before it comes in asa Istatc. [Cheers] Mr. Lincoln knew that I had given thatanswer overaud overagain. Jle heard meargue the Nebraska bill ou that principle all over the State, in 1854, and 55, and 56, and he has now no excuse to pretend to have any doubt upon that sub ject. Whatever the Supreme Court may here after decide as to the abstract question of whether slavery may go in under the Constitution or not, the people of a territory have the lawful means to admit or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour any where unless supported by local police regulations, furnishing remedies and means of enforcing the right of holding slaves. Those local and police regulations can only be furnished by the local Legislature. If the people of the territory are op posed to slavery they will elect members to the Legislature who will adopt unfriendly legislation to it. If they are for it. they will adopt the legis lative measures friendly to slavery. Hence no matter what may be the decision of the Supreme Court on the abstract question, still the right of the people to make it a slave territory, is perfect and complete under the Nebraska bill. 1 hope Mr. Lincoln will deem my answer satisfactory on this point.” This is the distinct assertion of the power of a territorial legislature to admit or exclude slavery ; of the first in the race of migration who reach a territory, the common property of the people of the United States to enact laws for the exclusion of other joint owners of the territory, who may in the exercise of their equal right to enter the com mon property, choose to take with them property recognised by the Constitution, but not acceptable ■to the first emigrants to the territory. That Sena tor had too often and too fully discussed with me the question of “squatter sovereignty’* to be jus tified in thus mistaking mv opinion. The differ ence between us is as wide as that of one who should assert the right to rob from him who ad mitted the power. It is true, ns 1 stated it at that time, all property requires protection from t lie so ciety in the midst of which it is held. This ne cessity does not confer a right to destroy, but rath er creates an obligation to protect. It is true as 1 stated it, that slave property peculiarly requires the protection of society and would ordinarily be come vain less in the midst of a community, which would seek to seduce the slave from his master, and conceal him whilst absconding, and as jurors protect each other in any suit which the master might bring for damages. The laws of the Uni ted States, through the courts of the United States, might enable the master to recover the slave wherever he could find him. But you nil know, in such a community as 1 have supposed, that a slave inclined to abscond would become ut terly useless and that was the extent of the ad mission. Revision oflhe Tariff. Some of the papers and politicians are, we per ceive, agitating the question of the revision of the Tariff, and it is said that Mr. Cobb will in his Report recommend that a duty shall be imposed upon Tea, Coffee, and perhaps other articles now on the free list, while Mr. Buchanan will probably, in his Message, recommend an increase of the du ties on iron. There is no need for any of it. In the first place, before Congress can act upon it, there will be evidence that the present tariff will raise money enough even for the extravagancies of the govern ment j but if this should not be so, there is a much I better plan to be adopted, and that is to curtail expenses. There are many millions of dollars of the expenses of the government which might be cut off, arid ought to be, even if the government had the money to pay them. Stop the appro priations for internal improvements ; reduce tire army, reduce salaries—any thing but impose ad ditional burthens upon the people. This shows the insidious aud dangerous charac ter of this mode of raising revenue. The people have been compelled to retrench and economise, and by reason of it they have paid less to the government than when they were extravagant. Why should not the officials of government re trench and economise too ? There is now no ex cuse for the expenditure of so much money. Pro visions ofevery kind are low and the expenses of living have greatly diminished ; let their salaries be reduced. If the revenues w ere collected by direct taxation who would think now of proposing to increase the taxes? Nobody. So far from it every body would go for a reduction of the taxes. Not so witli this system ; the less people are able to buy the more they must pay for them. Then we say, let us hear no more about increasing the tariff reduce the expenses, and reduce the tariff’ tqp. The tariff'as it is will raise more money than the government ought to spend. —Comer Stone. [From the London Post, Nov. 9.] The l nited States In Central America The British Fleet to Aid Martinez Against Walker. Every information which reaches this country from Central America appears strongly to confirm the opinion which many people in England and in the United States have never hesitated to ex press. that the descendants of the Spaniards in the New World have proved themselves to be total ly unworthy of those privileges of self-government which, for nearly a. century—in theory, at least they have professed to exercise. The same obser vation. with still greater truth, may be applied to the existing condition of affairs iu the neighbor ing republic of Mexico—u State the civilization of which has so tar retrograded that the aboriginal institutions which Cortez and his followers sub verted may be said to have presented more the form and substance of settled government than the wholesale and long-continued system of brigand age which prevails in every part, of Mexican ter ritory. To Europe, the spectacle of a people the constant victims of successive revolutions—at one time clamoring for an Emperor, as in the case of Iturbide aud Santa Anna, and at the next incon sistently joining the standard of tlo* fey* rer who ]*** K - •••**£;’ “pronounce” for change, careless whether that change involve the restora tion or the downfall of the power of tin* priest hood, the one great point of Mexican politics—to Europe, Ave say, such a spectacle must ever be fraught with feelings of deep and permanent re gret. The people of the United States, however, have sliown u very different appreciation of the condition of Mexico. By the comparatively quiet, but wholly dishonorable, course of annexation, iexas first tell into their greedy grasp, and more recently ( alifornia, one ot the richest countries in the world, has by force of conquest become an in tegral portion of the great North American repub lic* It hardly can be said, even if Mexico hud been left alone by its powerful and aggressive neighbor, that its inhabitants would have firmly and steadily pursued those paths of peace and do"- uiestic improvement which lead to national great ness and to national prosperity. That Texas and California, under the rule of (he l uited States, are infinitely better governed than any portions of Mexico is a proposition which cannot with justice be disputed; and though Europe generally would view with some surprise the practical enforcement of the Monroe doctrine to an extent which would confer upon the l. nited States absolute and uncontrolled do minion over so valuable a territory as that which still belongs to Mexico, yet the change would no doubt contribute directly and largely to bene fit of the Mexicans themselves, and*to the securi ty of all strangers who reside in that part of the world. Recent accounts disclose u state of anar chy which has never been exceeded in the most barbarous countries. Insurrection, bloodshed, forced loans, confiscation of property, mark the progress of every adventurer who obtains a tem porary triumph. So long as these outrages were confined to Mexican citizeus neither England nor liny other power had a right to interfere: but British subjects have been exposed to brutal in (Jonsul and“tbe protection of the British flag have been claimed and exercised in vain. Full and adequate reparation for these flagrant violations of public law must promptly be enforced ; but if every Mexican toAvn on the seaboard Avere bom barded internal anarchy might still reign su preme. aud no real security would be afforded that the government would either have the incli nation or the power to prevent the occurrence of such outrages. We have stated the case simply as it is. England, no doubt, will obtain effectual redress ; but stiil there will remain those elements of disorganization and utter feebleness which hitherto have rendered Mexico a disgrace and a nuisance to the community of civilized nations. With regard to the States of Central America, the intelligence which has lately been received is, with one exception, of a most unsatisfactory char acter. Walker, the model fillibuster, is about to start for the scenes of his former piratical exploits. We are informed from Washington that he is “well backed, both with men and money,” and that his enterprise “excites great interest.” W e hear how ever, that a treaty between England and Nicargua bus at length been signed, and that the British admiral on the West India station lias very prop erly received orders to act against Welker and his confederates should President Martinez demand his assistance. Under these circumstances, we have a very confident belief that the demand will be made, that the assistance Vi the British admi ral will he efficiently afforded, and that Walker will be taught the useful lesson that private war fare upon land can no more be tolerated than pi racy upon the sea. Reform of the Currency. —An important movement .’ —A number of New York merchants have recently held meetings to consider projects to be submitted to the New York Legislature and Congress concerning ft change in the laws regu lating the currency, and have adopted u report embodying the following propositions: Ist. That the banking laws of New York, be so amended that no bank shall hereafter he permit ted to extend its loans, discounts and other invest ments beyond an amount equal to the sum of its capital, half its capital, and the specie in its vaults —nor shall it be permitted to let its specie at any time fall below 20 per ceut. of its immediate lia bilities, exclusive of its circulating notes. That banks hereafter to be organized in New York, also be required before commencing business to have their entire capital paid up full in specie:Mid that all banks be hereafter prohibited from making loans, either directly or indirectly, on their own stock. 2. That the laws against usury be repealed. 3. That the circulation of all bank notes of a less denomination than ten dollars be suppressed by means of a tax or stamp duty to be levied by Congress. 4. That the government of the United States, through the different treasuries, receive gold from the people, and issue receipts or certificates of de posit therefor, in sums of not less than one hun dred dollars. Col. Strptok, U. S. A.—This accomplished officer is among the number who departed for the East in the steamer this morning. His first lau rels were won while he was a young Lieut, of Ar tillery in the war with the Florida Indians. Du ring the Mexican war he commanded one of the field batteries which rendered such signal service in the desperate conflicts through which General Scott’s gallant little company marched into the Mexican capital. Since that time he has been engaged in active and trying service in Utah, Washington and Oregon Territories. His long residence on the Pacific coast has made him many warm friends to wish his success in wbateverfield his valor and skill may be required in his coun try’s service.— San Francisco National , s th in stant. Information has reached Washington in such form as to place the fact beyond question that a large number of Mexicans, residing iu Sonora, have entered into a league to revolution ize that State with a view to its annexation to the U. States. Death of an Ex-Congressman.—Hmi. Jon athan Knight, an ex-member of Congress, died in Washington county, Pa., on Monday last- He was an eminent civil engineer, and served the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, in that capacity for a considerable time. He was in the 7rtth year of his age. Antidote for the Bite of a Rattlesnake.— A Mr. Arnoy, in the Kansas, (Bloomington) Pan tograph, says: “Thoroughly saturate the place bitten with the tincture of iodine, and give five or six drops on sugar, and it will prevent any bad effects from the bite of a rattlesnake.” (OLIMBIS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER *2, IS5*. The legislature of Indiana on the Senatorial Question. We learn from the Washington Union, that both houses.of the ludiana Legislature have adop ted resolutions declaring the election of Senators Bright and Fitch, two years ago. illegal, uncon stitutional and void. If. according to theory and common opinion. Legislatures are the assembled wisdom of the States. Providence has been sin gularly capricious in the distribution of its gifts. It has certainly dealt the divine possession to tbe good people of Indiana with a parsimonious hand. The question Avhich these Solons are attempting to unsettle was the subject of a jfoU inu adjudica tion by the Sena to of the United States last Avia tor. To that body, the Constitution has confided the exclusive poAvcr to judge of the “election", re turns and qualifications’* of its own members. Its judgment has been pronounced, and from it there is no apjAeal. We presume, hoAvever, that a Black Republican majority Avill ignore this constitution al provision aud proceed to elect two other Sena tors. What will be the nsxt trick ? Death of (oi. Harper. It is with pain that we have to announce the death of Col. Win. H. Harper, an old and esteem ed friend. lie died in*his room at the Ogle thorpe House, after an illness of loug duration, which, though it did not continually confine him To his room, had exhibited for some t inn- a chronic obstinacy that prevented his friends indulging hopes of his recovery. His complaint Avas chronic diurrhtea of a complicated nature. Cid. H. had been a resident of Columbus e\ er .'ince it could be called a city, and alwayscnjoyed the confidence respect of our citizens, which was his due as well on account of his integrity as an extensive business, man, as for his engaging social qualities, soundjudgmeut and varied infor mation. Many circles have long lamented his absence on account ofinfo>*ith. and will iioav sin cerely regret that ho is lost to them forever on this earth.— h'lu/inrcr. Brack avooii.—We have received from Messrs. Leonard, Scott A Cos., the November number of Blackwood’s Magazine. Jts table of contents comprises a criticism of Buckle’s History of Civi lization : What will lie do with it?—By Pisistra tus Caxton— Part XVIII; Edward Irving: The Light on the Hearth—Part 111, Cherbourg—The Port aud Fortress, and Lord Canning’s Reply t>- the Ellettborough Despatch. We have yet to see the first article in this popular Magazine which does not contain much solid truth set off’ Avith ap propriate and attractive adornment. The Atlantic Trlbchiaph.—The Atlantic Telegraph Company have refused the request of Mr. Whitehouse to be permitted to make further tests aud experiments. Great excitement is said to prevail at Valentin in consequence of Ibis re fusal and tho closing up of the Company’s prem ises. At u banquet given by the Fishmonger’s Company of Loudon on the 9th, Sir Charles Bright, the engineer of the Atlantic Telegraph Company was toasted. In replying he said that tho partial failing to [carry out the telegraphing between Europe and America, should cause no astonishment. There could be no doubt of ulti mate success. It was simply a question of time. Sermons by Ira L. Potter. We acknowledge the receipt of the above work, lrom Ihe author. If. is a iMlWii<n awwn.mo title page informs us. that ho is now a member of the G eorgia Conference. The discourses are short. and, from the very cursory glance we have given them, arc written in a plain and unpretending style, with no attempt at display or ornament. Their further merit we are not prepared to discuss.— Five hundred copies of the above work, will be for sale in this city, during the coming session of the Georgia Confe ren ee. Price, one dollar per single copy, or seventy five cents at wholesale. for the times. Opelika. Ala., ) November 29th. 1858. ) Messrs. Editors: I am a traveler, and in justice to the accommodation and convenience of the traveling public, allow me a line in your paper. To passengers going West, this is the regular breakfast and supper house, and dinner to those traveling East, (and not Columbus, as many erro neously supposs) and yet., time is not given to the hungry traveler to appease his appetite, although sufficient, ample time is allowed by the schedule, even to a Falstaff engineer. Why is it ? Let the “knowing ones” answer; this matter should be rectified and at once, for uot only is it an imposi tion, a physical derangement, and mental annoy ance to the traveler, who arrives here “hungry as a wolf,” but it is a sore inco- venience and loss to our good host Sledge, who m ik* abundant pre parations and gives good fan . This place has had a bad name aud deservedly so. but a* a passer-by, I cannot but notice the great improvements since my Inst visit, both in business and morals; formerly it was the resort of many low, vulgar and degraded characters—hap py the reform since that day, in the public morals, dignity and of its people; now there are several schools and churches under bright and happy auspices, good stocks of groceries, drygoods and drugs, several new brick stores and elegant resi dences are being erected, the improvements are not springing up like a mushroom,but are gradual, onward, occurring as the wants and necessities of the people demand, and who knows but on ray next visit, I may see Opelika ranked among cities. I will, in my travels, drop you aline occasionally, and may again have to revert to i 111 j>ositions, which I think it is due the traveling community should know. Respectfully yours. A TRAVELER. Telegraphic Transmission.—lt is an impor- j taut fact in connection with the science of ocean telegraphing, that the velocity is not determined by the force and intensity of the electric current, ! nor by the thickness of the wire—these'conditions only modify the law which determine? the velo city of propagation. It is known that Professor Wheatstone sent a current through a brass wire the twelfth of an inch in diameter, with a velocity, of 28,000 miles per second. Messrs. Fizeau and Uonnelle sent a current along an iron wire one fifth of an inch in diameter 62,700 miles per sec ond, while along a copper wire of double this di- * meter, they sent a curreutJllo,ooo miles per sec ond. So that conductors made of different sub stances. and of different sizes of wire, do not give velocities proportional to their conducting powers. Hence it follows, that the difficulty of transmiss ion with ocean cables will le one of velocity and not. of power. Horace Bell, ‘whose capture and imprilMutem by the Kentuckians excited so much iudi&natinu in Southern fudiana a short time since, ha# turned the current of popular feeling against himself, by paying his addresses to a young lady of Oorvdon. against her will, aud attempting tokill her frienT? who remonstrated with him. gentleman (who has a sensitive ear for grammar)—“My dears, there’s your tnottiftr call ing you.” s Wild Boy of the West- 1 “0, her ain’t* eallin’ I 0* we; us don’t belong to she.”— Punth^mp* PEYTON H. COLdUITT, ( T?^ifnro JAMES W. WARREN, f liailors - Number 48 The (nited States and Mexico.. One -of the most important subjects on Avhich the National Legislature will have to deliberate at their approaching session, and to which their attention will doubtless be drawn by the Presi dent in his animal Message, is the state of our re latiohs with Mpxieo. ere there anything approaching to a respon sible government in that country, or were there any reasonable probability of the establishment ol a government there which would possess any of the attributes ol stability or have the will, even if it had the power. l>* act justly, we might in the onHnarv wa v of diplomatic negotiation, hope to obtain satisfaction lor the wrongs done to our citi zens, and a.: equitable adjustment of their claims. We might also insist that foreign nations, which, like ourselves, are in the position of remons|rant creditors, should exercise forbearance* and ex haust ail peaceful measures before resorting U compulsion. But in the present state of affairs in Mexico, where anarchy, spoliation and crime, have taken the place of good (y and social order, we cannot obtain retires.” for outrages by*negotiation, because there is no gov ernment with which to negotiate. Other nations, whose claim- on Mexico are as just and urgent as •ur own. an- in a similar predicament. In this dilemma, the President, whose constitu tional powers become exhausted, when his minis ter had no longer any government in Mexico with which lie could treat, will uoav submit the matter wiih all tin facts and information he possess, to Congress, and if will he for that body to. adopt (herecotnnieuuations of the Executive, or propose ‘ouie other amt oetter plan, iof the exeduuon of which it hi confer the requisite pouters upon the President. Congress having refused at the vice • and the last s ssion to adopt the resolution present ed b\ Senator Gvvin, which proposed toinvest tue President \a ;tb full authority to adjust all our out standing difficulties with Spanish America as to iiim might eem bskt, it was not in the power of Mr. Bnehnuan to take one step more than he has taken, without the authority of Congress. The time i- Mov. at hand when that authority will bo invoked. Public sentiment is not agreed on tlie question hoici ln* I nited States ought to propose to settle the difficulty so as to secure onr own"rights without lo>iug sight of those acknowledged prin iples aud that apjiruvad p.dicy,*by which our government has been guided in its relations Avith me lesser States of this continent. By some it is urged that the best course for the United States to pursue ie, to assume a protecto rate over the republic of Mexico, such as has been proposed-bv General Houston. To this we are •pposed. because avc belie ire it Avotild entail upon us all the difficulties and responsibilities of the government <>i Mexico, without investing us with the neccssKry authority to enforce our views, and control those to whom the executive power would’ bo entrusted. It ivould tend to promote instead ot obviating disputes between us and Mexico, and s i far as other nations are concerned, would make us. to a certain extent, answerable for the acts ©f the Mexican Government, while in reality we should be powerless to do more than advise and direct, provided our protectorate did uot amount to an absolute assumption of the government, which Would be a complicated, expensive, and utterly unproductive proceeding. By others it i- recommended that the United Hates should use their influence, —their*power, if necessary.--to assist someone of tbe rival fac tions in establishing a government on the firm and durable basis, which should henceforth Rfe sustained against all other opposing factions, him! with which wo, and other powers, could treat for the adjustment of our and their claims. But the present condition of Mexico forbids tbe hope that this course would lead to the desired result. Par ties in Mexico are so fowl and divided; the lead ers are so unscrupulous and selfishly rapacious, the people so utterly demoralized and dead to patriotism and international duty, that k Avohld appear to he a task of more than herculean'pro portions to set up and sustain iu potter any one of the factious Avliicli are iioav wasting the energies of their country in a selfish struggle for the up per hand, as a means of self-aggrandizement— not the welfare of the Republic. Juarez, and his so-called “liberals,” are the best of the rival par lies : tun iiu tin y |)n.s?cßS tlic elements of success ; or has their eonilnet been such as tn prove them to be worthy of sustaining it ? Truth obliges us to answer in the negative. The iuhttai-v otu-nnation bv ih<* i>m**h St*tD tage for the satisfaction of the claims of other na tions. and as an offset for our demand for their non-interference, is another course that has been suggested, but is in our opinion open to serious objection*. To promote peace and order, and enable Mexico to regenerate herself, avc might ■purchase (if there is any power in Mexico compe tent to sell) the sparsely populated portions of the country, and out of the purchase money, deduct our own claims and those of the most clamorous of her other creditors, although we certainly do not want, for the present at least, any more terri tory than we possess. A people so entirely dis similar to um* own in character and tastes as tbe Mexicans are, would be a very undesirable acqui sition, until a long course of training under stable free institutions, had qualified them for associa tion with us. Eventually, and at no distant day perhaps, we mffy, by the force of circumstances, be compelled to annex portions of Mexico to the United States; but it would be a great misfortune if that necessity should be precipitated upon us. The fruit will fall into our hand when ripe; but until then, its attempted possession may be at tended with very serious evils. Prudence, for bearance, and a determination to avoid all armed, interference, unless driA'en to it by the direct neces sity. will, we trust, actuate our public counsels, and lead to wise and philanthropic results. Xeic Yorft Journal of Commerce. senator Hammond's Speech. “That speech, said one of our most eminent cit izens to-day, a citizen too by the way, who went for Fremont and Freedom in 1856! that speech is a tract for the times. It is the right thing at the right time, from the right quarter.” We find this emphatie testimony to the excell ence of Gov. Hammond’s Barnwell speech, in the letter of a New York correspondent of the Char leston News, who is in ecatacies over the favorable impression whkh it has made at the North. So it seems that Mr. Hammond has been so fortunate j as to secure not only the approbation of Mr. Gree ! ley, but of ‘an eminent citizen, of New York, who went for Fremont and Freedom in 1856. What higher ambition can a Senator from South Caro lina cherish, than to win applause ft*oni such un expected quarters? As Mr. Hammond and the eminent citizen who supported Fremont in 1856, were certainly not together then, some curious people might bepuzzled to know, whether the em inent citizen has become a converttothe doctrines of Mr. Calhoun, which the Senators who represent j the state rights democracy of the South generally I entertain, or whether the views of Gov. Hammond have been so modified as to be acceptable to the | friends of‘Fremont and Freedom/ but good unin i quiring national patriots will only see in this sud den concordance, new evidence that the South is | on ‘rising ground,’ and find it another guaranty of I the perpetuity of the glorious Union. It must be very gratifying to Gov. Hammond and the constituents who placedhim in the Senate ! on account of his supposed devotion to what are : called extreme southern opinion, that his late \ speech has commanded such general favor at the i North, as well as with those presses in the South, which are and have always been little else than echoes of Northern sentiment. The New York j Times, another free soil paper, goes even farther than the Tribune in its admiration, and evidently with an eye to business, intimates that it might under certain circumstances support the distin guished senator for the presidency, while there is scarcely a Southern organ of New England Fed | eridtsra, or anti-Lecompton democracy, or of the slavish doctrine of the ‘Union at any price/ that ’ has not published and eulogized it as Senator Hammond’s Great Speech. On the other hand, the State Rights presses that published and en dorsed the really great speech delivered by * same gentleman soon after his entvajue into Ihe Senate, are unanimous in condemnation ** . e Barnwell effort, and the Columbus Times, shading democratic organ in Georgia, strongly gw-acter izes it as the “worst speech of the c f nt ’jS* , ta An anti-Lecompton exchange iiV this ..fate, overflowing with enthusiasm, declass a - • Hammond was Mitel like Uinciyhitusfrom 1 lie I j plough to the Senate. If so. we/opewo shall be i excused for preferring the first, manly utterance iof the virtuous husliamlnyrti. tresli froiu the health-giving labors of the o*.ugh, to the subdued 1 tum .< iudueed bv n brief rc'idenee at Washington 1 „itv Let ua stand by Cinhnnatus the ploughman, | ugainst Ciueinnatus thoffoßtieian.— Hafanla Spir it of the South. UsiYiage or Kindred. ’ i ‘ bill has paSfM the House of Representatives, i bv a vote of fd to 42, prohibiting the intannarri a’oe of first /Oitsins, under a severe penalty, and r putting off the inheritance of issue. Tim pream ble to bill asserts that many deformations of mind and bodv are of congenital origin, front the prac ’ j t-ice of eB1 ” kindred intermarrying with each oth -1 tr , jpofeeiH Recorder.