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R. ELLIS & CO., Proprietors. Volume XVIII. (OLIMJUS, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1858. Abolition—Philanthropy Illustrated. Xenia, Ohio, Oct. 4th, 1868. /Mar Sir: Please sir to intercede for me, and find out whether or not I can come “back, either as your slave, or as a free woman. I prefer being your servant in Columbus to being a free woman here. The above is a extract from a letter written by a free black woman in Ohio, to a gentleman in this city. She migrated from this place some time last Spring, and fixed her residence in the free State of Qhif, whither, doubtless, she was in duced to go by the conviction or fancy, that freedom was the parent of all other blessings, and that free territoir was the negro’s elysium. The bitterness of her die-appointment is expressed in Father forcible metoric. ller preference for being the Slave of a gentlemen, to the equal of an abo litionist, strikes us us being pretty severe. Her opinion must hive been based upon her own ex peiience. and her observation of tho hopelessly de gnded position of her race in Ilogdom, and, in tip* view, it furnish an experimental proof of the superiority of the condition, present and prospec tive, of the Southern Slave to the Northern free egro. Abolitionism and philanthropy, like the •oles of the earth, point in opposite directions and ire separated by the utmost possible distance. North Carolina. —By Governor Bragg’s mes sage to the North Carolina Legislature we learn that the aggregate bonded debt of the State is $8,879,505. Tire State has also u floating debt of $302,418, and it is suggested that a temporary loan be affected to discharge it. The Governor urges the creation of a sinking fund for the ulti mate discharge of the State debt, and the charter of some institution to take the place of the State Bank, should it be decided to go into liquidation, lie cautions the Legislature, however, against the policy of building up over-grown banking insti tutions. A change in the usury law, and a re organization of the mtlititi, arc suggested, and a common school system spoken of iu flattering terms. The message is entirely coniined-to State affairs, except a brief reference to Anti-Slavery resolution.- received from Maine and New Hamp shire, which the Governor wisely says were not of a character to merit any notice from the Legisla ture of North Carolina. The Slave Trade Restriction*. —On the 3d inst., resolutions were offered in the South Caro lina House of Representatives, instructing the Senators and requesting the Representatives in Congress to use all proper efforts for a removal or repeal of all federal legislation against the Afri can slave trade, on the ground that such restric tion is derogatory to the rights of the South.— The resolutions took the usual course, and were ordered for.consideration on Saturday last. Jeremiah Clemens, of Alabama, ex-Sena tor, and author of •‘Mustang Gray/’ is writing a new novel, to be called “Tho Rivals, a Tale of the Times of Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamil ton.” George D. Prentice and tiis Lectures.— By a letter just reeeivedfrom that distinguished Geor gia orator, A. 1L 11. Dawson, Esq., of Savannah, we learn the distinguished Kentuckian .named above, will lecture in Mobile on the 10th inst. He will pass through this city and probably be here ill time to lecture —if our people wish it *‘ s> 16th inst. He delivers centres: one on the Tendencies of Statesmanship- Either or both, he will consent to or-liver here : but if it is desired that he should do so, our citizens, or a committee thereof, must address him immediately at Mobile, apprising him of the fact. This is necessary, as Mr. Pren tice may arrange his engagements for cities to the East and North of as. On some points, we differ politically very widely with Mr. Prentice, but we greatly admire his ge nius and we do hope that someone w ill at once Bike the necessary steps to secure the delivery hereof one or both of his lectures. —Montgomery Mail. COMMUNICATE I). A State Agricultural society. Mi Hr* Editor*.: We are informed by the news papers, that among the many recommendations and applications fbr State aid of the present leg islature, mi annuity of $2,500, is asked for the “Southern Central Agricultural Society/’ and its unconditional passage, (it is asserted) would be a reflection upon the intelligence and a further abuse of the forbearance of the people ot Geor gia. Is it true, that the history of this association has been auything than laudable to the character of the State, and that waste, extravagance and unfruitfulness, have characterized its transac tions ? Is it also true, that this great Southern Associa tion, as its name purports, iu which thousands of the noMe hearted and generous men of the >oatb, once cheerfully participated ami contributed their influence aud patronage to establish upon a per manent basis—has been made to subserve private interest and individual aggrandizement? If so, let it share the fate it deserves. A State AgriculturalSoeiety, organized and es tablished upon a permanent basis, with a liberal annuity by the legislature, is one of the only enter prises for which we could ask the bounty of the ♦State. An appropriation office thousand dollars annually, for this object, would pay a greater dividend upon the productive irealth of the State, than any investment she could make with twice the amount ofHbe jifcblic money. Hut we would accept it only upon the following conditions : that the present mis name be abolished by anew and entire re-organization—a charter and consti tution with a life membership clause be adopted upon which the people ot the btatc, ul every sec tion can eo-operate and harmonize —the Fairs of the Society, held annually in that city of the winch would contribute halt as much as the State annuity. The officers ‘electedannually by the members of the Society, and under no circum stances, re-eligiblc—nor to nominate, with the sanction of the President , their successors. The Seeretarv to be Secretary, also, of the Ag ricultural Bureau,” with a salary equal to either of the Executive officers ol the State, and to reside at the capital of the State. With such an organiza tion and department of agricultural progress, wc could look upon Georgia with a just pride and admiration, and for which wc earnestly appeal to the judgment and wisdom of the legislature, in behalf of a great and progressive State, and from au honest conviction of its immense utility to a noble and generous people—invoke the co-opera tion and sanction of the Governor of said State. COLT* MB l*S. Virginia Annual Conference. This assembly bomraenccd its session at Ports mouth. Wednesday, 24th iust. The business of the Conference was suspended at 11 o clock, 1 hurs dav, and the Rev. 11. H. Kavanaugb, the presid ing Bishop, delivered a sermon appropriate to the day. The tint them Argus says of this dis “ That it was such as no man can preach but one whose heart is filled with the love of God. It breathed a spirit of piety, purity and love, and and while its doctrinal clement was well adapted for the instruction of the ignorant uud infidel, its brilliant exposition of religious life and happiness was well calculated to win from earth the hearts of all. It was eminently a gospel, a Holy Ghost sermon, and moved to tears the vast assembly con vened to bear k.” The pulpits of Norfolk and Portsmouth were filled Sunday by Methodist Ministers. The con gregations were favored with sermons on that day bv Messrs. Kavanaugb, Doggett, W. A. Smith. Lee. Iluston, McFerrin, Abbey, Edwards, and others not inferior to them in learning and elo quence.. Two Protestant Episcopal Churches were served by Messrs. Procter and Blount, Dog gett and Blackwell.— Char, Msrcury. Georgia Legislature. Milledgeville, Dec. 4th ISoS. Th emarks of Mr. Harris of Meriwether, up on Mr. Cooper’s Supreme Court resolutions. Mr. 11. said iu substance, that when lie had moved to take up the resolutions of the Senator from Seri veu, it was to give the Senate an opportunity to place upon it, ( the resolution) the seal of its con demnation. He believed that it was almost crim inal to allow such aTesolqtion to encumber the desk of the Secretary. What is this resolution? It is a direct assault upon two of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Georgia. For what ? For deciding a law point, for detenuing what in their opinion was the law of Georgia; for doing that which the laws of the country, and their constitu „tional obligations required them to do. Thin, this, was the whole of their offending, and for this, they are arraigned before the bar of tills Sen ate, and asked to retire from their positions, Now, he took this position—ls the Judges have done wrong, if transcended their authority, if they have been guilty of any offence whatever, the Constitution and Jaws of the country are not silent as to the manner of redress. Two modes are pointed out. Let either be adopted. He thought that neither Judges, Penning or McDonald would shrink from any investigation. That is what tiiuy want. They desire ft. They court it. Then why not. instead of this ungenerous, unkind attack, prefer charges in the legitimate way. Will you deny to these gentlemeu a right, which the laws of the country give to the veriest slaves who till the soil? The right to be heard in their own de fence when accused. Mr. 11. desired to guard his language, he did not intend to reflect upon the motives of any Senator. He had a right to speak; to speak plainly, on the resolutions before the Senate. They were not only extraordinary, but in his judgment highly revolutionary. They seek to drive from the Supreme Court of Georgia, two of its Judges for making a decision wbieh is said to be unpopular. Are not the fanatics of the North engaged in pulling down the Supreme Court, because of the decision in the Dred Scott case ? Will any Senator say, that movement is not rep rehensible ? Suppose a resolution udopted at the next Congress requiring the Judges who made that decision to resign, would it not be deemed an outrage? A high-handed measure ? A wrong? Yet it would be diffieultMo show any essential difference between the people of the United States, to the Supreme Court of the U. States, and that of the people of Georgia, to the Supreme Court of Georgia. If wrong to raise popular clamor and prejudice against Judges for making the Dred Scott decision, to which two-thirds of the people affected by it are opposed, i it not equally so, to level the same artillery against Judges of the Su preme Court of Georgia. lie would not discuss the legality, or illegality of the decision in ques tion. He would leave that task to the Senator from Scriveu, Sir William Blackstono and the Judges of the Supreme Court. Mr. Cooper asked, was not your father a stock holder in some of those broken Hanks ? Mr. 11. replied, yes : but that if be (Mr. C.) intended it as an insinuation against him, he would hurl it indignantly back. Mr. Cooper said, he meant no personal reflection. Mr. Harris, had no concealments upon that or any other subject, lie was willing to proclaim it there in the Senate of Georgia, or “from the house tops.” His father was a stockholder in the Bank. That he might be considered as having a small and remote interest. Ho could not see the rele vancy of that question to the point under discus sion.” That he would not be deterred by that, or any other consideration, from defending honora ble and upright Judges, when assailed in an indi rect and unconstitutional manner. He said it was unnecessary for him to defend the character of Judges Benuing and McDonald. Os Judge Benning, he felt warranted in saying, that a purer, nobler or better spirit never beat iu the bosom of any man. He was born, raised and educated on the soil of Georgia, and had ever been true to her interests and her honor. The name of Charles J. McDonald was a part of the history of the country. He had been,connected with tho government tor nearly half a century, in all Its departments, Le gislative, Executive, and Judicial. When, when ever before, was there a resolutiuji offered respect ing him, except of approval. These gentlemen needed uo defence at his hands. Their names were written iu sunbeams upon the pages of history. As majestic oaks on the moun tain peak, obscured for a while by clouds, when they have passed, shine more brightly under the full rays of the sun, so the cha aefers of these men when the clouds of prejudice shall have roll ed away, will seem more clear, more pure, con templated in the calm light of reason and ot truth. Later from Kansas—Trrriftrlal Mass Comriitlon. St. Lons, Xoy. 30.—Leavenworth dates to the 26th Nov., per V. S'. Express to Boonville. furnish advices from Kansas. A Territorial Mass Convention of the Conser vative element assembled at Lea\enwortti, on the 25th, for the purpose of organising an opposition to the Republicans. The attendance was numer ous. though only six counties were represented. A thorough re-union and re-organization of the Democracy was advocated and hotly debated, a strong minority characterising such action a? pre mature. A series of resolutions, petitioning Congress for liberal land grants for public improvements; de nouncing the Republican party, and in favor of the exclusion of free negroes from the future State of Kansas, declaring the slave question * dead issue; advocating the opening of the Indian re serves to settlers, and a modification of the pre emption laws, was finally adopted, with a pream ble, determining upon an immediate organization of the Democracy. The session was prolonged to a late hour, and was rather turbulent. Both w ings of the party were well represented, and tho discussion main tained with vigor. Abie speeches were made on both sides. The Convention did not limit itself with regark to candidates for the next Presiden cy, though strong Douglas tendencies prevailed. The Convention has adjourned sine rfiV. Vir.oixiA and France.—The Norfolk Argus translates the following from tbe Pharr dr la Loire, (Santee, France,) 30f/i ijejiternber. We rejoice with our Norfolk coteiuporary at the new rela tions about to be established between France and the centre of the United States. We believe they will lie very useful to both countries, and will meet with tew obstacles. \Y e are fully convinced that without waiting for the construction of a line of steamers, a considerable commerce of exchan ges can at once be established between Nantes, St. Nazairo and Norfolk. That of ship-timber, lor instance, has become very important; it has at tracted the special attention ol the Government, aud the Prefect of Police, a few days since, made an ordinance which fixes the taritt tor its trans portation on the Orleans Railroad. This measure is very significant, and proves the degree ot im portance which the Government attaches to the development of this branch ot industry. Ships coming from Norfolk will not return with out cargoes. II hies, brandies, leather, and ad other products brought to Nantes by the river aud rail road, joined to those of our own city, wjll be certain elements ot freight. H e can theH pre dict to exporters from Virginia complete success, and an increase of prosperity. Senator Hammond's Freesotl Endorsers. If Senator Hammond’s two speeches—the one at lleech Island, and the other at Barnwell, South Carolina—have not fallen satisfactorily upon Southern ears, one thing is quite evident, they have rendered him excessively popular with the Abolititmists and Freesoilors of the North, it wc can attach any meaning to the words they utter. The New York Tribune —first-rate, unimpeach able Abolition authority—endorses the South Carolina authority—endorses the South Carolina 8 motor us a man of sense, sagacity aud discern ment ” says it likes him, aud concludes a somc what’lengthy review of hisspecch in these words: 1. The North (in the Opinion of Mr. II.) has never united long on any “policy.. In his opinion, the Abolition agitation is on its last legs, both in this country and in Europe. But. how ever that may be, it will be best, wo thmk. not to build too strong hopes thereon. The question between the North and the South has ceased al together to be—in fact it never was at any time— a negro question. The question is and has been —.Shall these United States be ruled by a little aristocracy of some 350,000 slaveholders, assisted by as rnauy Northern doughlaccs, mercenary ot fice-scekers, and Irish bullies, or shall the coun try be. ruled by, and in tho interest of the great mass and vast majority of its free, self-working laborers? That has been, and that is still the question to lie decided. Till that question has been completely and permanently settled, we are rather inclined to think that Mr. Senator Ham mond will find the North quite as united as the ** “A little aristocracy of some 350,009 slavehold ers Such words ami statements are not uncom mon in the columns of the great organ of Black Republicanism. And we must do it the justice to sav that it consults the Federal census with com mendable industry, and that its figures are usually correct The other day it informed the public that there were but sixteen thousand and forty slave holders In Maryland, out of a white population of THE UNION OP THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES. near half a million, and argued with much force and plausibility, basing its arguments upon the statistics (4ted that the institution could not long exist in thaLcommonwealth. We furnished our readers, as they will remember, with the figures upon which the Tribune relied, and commented thereupon appropriately. The New York Courier and Enquirer w hich, a few’ days since, nominated Win. 11. Seward for the next Presidency, styles Senator Hammond’s Barn well speech as “able,” “manly” and “practical.” Indeed, it is quite full oLeompliments to the dis tinguished, anti-fire-eatiug South-Carolinian. We quote ; ‘•His (Hammond’s) review of the Kansas ques tion, and of the follow those who repealed the Missouri Compromise and sought to force Kansas into the Union as a slave State, is worthy of all praise, and almost raiders him a* good a Republi can as !. //• Semird.” There is more “truth than poetry” in the above extract. If Senator Uamrtiond is not almost “as good a (Black) Republican as Wm. 11. Seward,” one thing is sure: In bis-Beech Island speech, wherein he counselled the Southern people to sub mit to a re-clection of an Abolition President be fore they ventured upon measures of resistance, he causelessly proposed to surrender more than 1 Seward, or any other Abolition leader, ever dared to hope could be accomplished peaceably. No wonder his speech is popular with Sewardites. The New York Sun speaks thus of Senator Ham mond’s Barnwell effort: “Mr. Hammond’s policy is that of a candid and conciliatory reliance upon the conservative fnen of the North. It is certainly refreshing to hear a South Carolinian tail! in this strain, and Senator Hammond’s speech must exercise a good influence “upon our national politics.” Conservative men of the North.” What u bit ter mockery such words convey. They are good, conservative men in the North, but they sway no more influence over the North than do the slaves ►of Louisiana over the government of Louisiana. Everywhere almost without exception, in that sec tion of the country, Sewardism rules, and patriot ic, honest con not only dooms its posses sor to the obscurity oT private life, but frequently makes him u target for relentless fWrsecution ! We need not discuss or argue this point. The elections furnish incontrovertible proof and irresistible ar gument, and with the result thereof our readers and the public are well acquainted. The South Carolina papers, which have been remarkably silent, editorially, respecting the stu pendous effort of their eminent Senator, should cer tainly publish some of the Frcesoi! laudations up- \ on it. They ought to do this, foraf least two rea sons : If they do. probably their constituent-’ will learn thfit there is sonic little land outside the far famed domains of Marion and Sumter; and, ; secondly, as they are evidently preparing to omit 1 the use of tire ns an article of daily food, and may fancy a dish of pork and sugar-tree molasses ere | long, it is well enough that the whereabouts of the ; articles should be generally known.—.V. O. ('res cent. Politics In Sonili Carolina. The subject of re-opening the African slave trade was one of the questions bearing upon the selectionof a United States Senator by the Legis- ; rp fill the vacancy occa sioned by the death oftue lion. Josiah J. Evans. The telegraph, however, brought an erroneous version of the pendiug resolutions on the subject. They are as follows : Resolved. That the Constitution of the United , States contains no grunt of power to regulate, pre vent, or restrict commerce among foreign nations ; j and therefore, all acts of Congress purporting to j prohibit or interfere with the slave trade between j foreign countries are unconstitutional, haVt j no rightful force or effect j Eeeolvcl, That tit* m-t ofCongress declaring the | slave trade to be piracy, if it be understood as , a (binning that it is piracy in the nature of things and in the sense of the Constitution, affirms what j is not true; and, inasmuch as it purports and in- t tends to convert into piracy, what is not so in the j nature of things and in the sense of the Constitu- j tion, the said act is unconstitutional, null and void. Senator Mazyck, who introduced these rcsolu- j tions, made a brief speech in their favor. He ar gued against the right of the Federal Government j to interfere with the slave trade when carried on j by foreign nations, but he did not touch the ques- j tion of re-opening our own ports to the foreign | slave trade. In regard to the act ol Congress which declares the slave trade piracy, Mr. M. contended that when the Federal Constitution was adopted, the slave trade was as legitimate as the trade in wool, coffee or tobacco, and that if the power delegated to Congress to regulate com- j incrcc is to be interpreted into the light to make it an act of piracy to carry on that particular trade ; between any countries whatever, then must Con gress surely have the same right* at its option, to ; make the trade in coffee, wool or tobacco an act ol piracy. If Congress, he said, really possessed the power to make the slave trade between Africa and Cuba piracy, it would have the same power to j declare the same trade piracy between Louisiana i and Virginia when carried on by the sea. The Senate did not seem to be prepared at that j time to act upon the resolutions, and they were j referred to the Committee on Federal Relations. j Correspondence of the Scientific American. Trial of Hiram Plows. J few*. Editors : The trial of steam plows be- | fore the Executive Committee of the Illinois State j Agricultural Society, took place at Decatur on ; the 40th inst. The weather was cold ; rain and | snow combined rendering tho ground wet, soft, and slippery. The arrangements for the trial wore j not as complete as could have been desired, and j the unfavorable - weather and condition of the j ground made the trial one of but partial success, j On wet, soft grass land tbe plow did well, but it j soon became too wet and slippery even there; ] on stubble land the plows, having no coulter, choked.’ The only plow exhibited was that of i Mr. Fawkes, of Pennsylvania. It was provided ; with an upright locomotive boiler, having 151 j flues set upon a long frame-wor-k, which rested on a large roller-shaped driving wheel behimfj and j two guide wheels in front. A tank and box for j wood or coal rested over the driving wheel. The j guide wheels are in advance of the boiler. The engine is of 20-horse power, with 8-inch cylinders driving the master wheel by cogs ou the ends of i the roller. The driving wheel is shaped like a j barrel, being six feet long and five feet high. The ; mode of moving this enables the inventor to stop j his machine at once without any danger of break- : ing anything. Tue guide wheels are about eigh- I teen inches wide, and three feet high, turned by a wheel under the control of the engineer. The tank, smaller than intended, holds live barrels of | water. Mr. Fawkes estimates the consumption of wood at one cord per day, and of water ar one and a half barrels .per hour. The weight is load ed about seven tuns; cost $2,500. Lost of a ten horse power, $1,500. The plows are on frame work behind, capable of being lowered and raised by an assistant The machine drew six plows, cutting 12-inch furrows, between four and five inches deep. It plowed at the rate of one aero iu torty minutes; ; on firm, hard ground it could go faster. On very ! wet ground the driving wheel slipped, which the i inventor thinks he can obviate by putting-spuds in it. The success was beyond expectation ; and as there are several other steam plows in- course of j invention and erection, it is to be presumed that 1 Yankee enterprise and ingenuity will soon put I forth a steam plow that will surmout all obstacles ! j to its success. li. HINCKLEY, j Prairie Cottage, 111., Nov., 1858. The Coolies in Cuba.—A Virginia gentleman | of intelligence, who Tccently visited Cuba, gives a ; sad picture of the toils and sufferings to which i the Coolie slaves are subjected. They have noth ing like the capacity of the negro for labor and en durance. and yet the *aine tasks are imposed upon them. When not engaged in the field they herd indiscriminately, men, women and children, in , huts, with no semblance of the family tie or ohli- j gations. Suicide is common among them, some- j times ten or a dozen hanging themselves at a. time. No provision is made for their return to their na ! tiue land, from which they have been beguiled, and their masters having no interest in them, ex cept to get the greatest amount of work possible out of them during their period of apprenticeship, heap upon them an amount of laoor that soon | breaks them down, and often hurries the m to tho i grave. —Baltimore Sun. Xnr York Chamber of Commerce.—Tbe regn ! lar monthly meeting of the Chamber of Com i morce took'place on Thursday, at which a letter was submitted from Mr. Secretary Cobb, upon the Fubieot of the reciprocity of a treaty with Canada in flour: he decides that wheat must bo tbe growth of Canada in order to ciirac with the free lit A report on the subject of employing steam ou the canals was adopted, strongly in fa vor of tho Anovement. The subject of collisions at sea came up in the shape of a communication from the Philadelphia Board of Trade, and mea sures were taken to memorialize Congress upon tbe subject, to aeoure proper international regula i tions which should be just to all concerned. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1858 COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER S, 1858. How they View It. The New York Tribune and its Black Repub ican compeers a.feet much horror at the failure of the Grand Jury of Charleston to find bills of indictment against the officers and crew of the slaver Echo. We are not acquainted with the evidence upon which the action of the Jury must have been founded, but. assuming that it were all the Tribune claims—that it clearly proved the prisoners to be violators of a law of the United States, and justly amenable to its penalty, and Unit they forbore its enforcement from respect to the moral sentiment of the Southern people, it must excite the curiosity of every one to compre hend how this editorial “higher law” dynasty can consistently except to it. The basis ot‘ any con demnation iu the premises must be the isolation, by the discharged parties, of a written, statute law, for it i> only such that a jury is charged to enforce. Con upon such ground, however. Mr. Groely ct id omne genus are estopped from indulging, for the life-giving principle of their organization is hos tility to a law ofequal sanctity with that of which a violation is alledged. Tbe recovery of fugitive slaves is provided for by a law of Congress, nay. the assertion of the right forms a clause of the fundamental compact—the constitution itself; yet the political ethics ofGreely <fc Cos., not only re pudiates this guarantee, but enjoins the reproba tion of itasa religious duty, and threatens theriffy croakers about plighted faith and constitutional right with temporal disgrace and eternal wrath.— The man who rails and grows frantic at the con ductof his neighbor, while his own life is a daily illustration, both in principle and circumstance, of the practice he condemns, excites the sentiment of contempt or ridicule. We commend to our pious brethren the scriptural injunction about the “mote” and “beam.” Meeting of Congress. W \siiiNGTON. Dec. 6.—Congress met to-day.— After organizing, the message of the President was read. Senator Gwin gave notice that he would call up bis Pacific Railroad bill to-iuor- Seuator llalc made oue of bis characteristic sarcastic speeches about I lie message. In the house the message was read. The Hon. Wm. L. Dewart, of Pennsylvania, made an ineffectual effort to introduce a resolution instructing the committee of Ways and means to report a bill to increase the tariff on iron, wool, Ac., Ac. Caution. On Monday night a rocket was discharged from somewhere on Broad street, which, after its pro jectile force was expended, fell upon the roof of the warehouse of Messrs, Dillard, Powell A Cos. The fire remaining on the rod, we learn from Mr. D., was sufficient to molt the solder on the tin.— Had it fallen on tho acres of cott*- “ llDin an( * without the wareh- — .mo damage might have ho immense. This circumstance should be an admonition to those who deal in tiro-works, to be careful what direction they give to these mimic meteors. Suicide by a Printer. —Mr. Jas. W. Bennett, a printer by occupation, and for ten or twelve years past, foreman of tbe Southern Recorder office at Milledgeville, disappeared Tuesday night last, and alter diligent search no trace of him could be discovered. Late Saturday afternoon, his body was discovered in a well, in the street, nearly op posite the office. Mr. B. had been for some time, much addicted to intemperance, and it is supposed he threw himself into the well while laboring un der mania from that cause. He was about thirty five years of age, and left no family. Codification of the Laws. —A n Act to pro vide for the Codification of the Laws of Georgia passed the House on Wednesday last. This Act, according to the Federal Union, provides, That on Friday, December 10th, IV.'*S,1 V .'*S, the General As sembly of Georgia shall elect three commission ers to codify the laws, which code shall embrace all the laws in force, whether derived from stat utes. common law. decisions of Supreme Court, or constitutional provisions, and shall be modelled upon the Code of Alabama. Commissioners to have an adequate compensation, and to report to the Legislature of 1861, and, wh. u adopted the code shall supercede all other laws ol *>crv de scription. Another Paxwent from the State Road.— The Federal Union of Saturday is informed that tbe Treasurer of the State Iload has paid over to the State Treasurer $25,000 as the net earnings of the State Road for the month of November. iU The State of Texas has granted forty-four charters to railroad companies, of which seventeen have been forfeited, leaving twenty-seven charters still jn force. Os these, eleven are in progress of construction, with an aggregate length when completed of 2,223 miles. From the Georgia Telegraph. Push Him Bound. Our editorial eon temporaries, far and near may perhaps prevent crime and misfortune, and aid the cause ol justice, by copying or making a note of the subjoined; During last summer ft person calling himself James W. Geary, came to this place from'Orange Spring, East Florida, and passed some three or four months in this region. He had previous ly formed a casual acquaintance with an estima ble young lady of this place in East Florida, where nothing was known to his prejudice, and after prosecuting his suit here some months, and satisfying her friends of his respectability and wealth, succeeded iu marrying her. While here he effected a contract for the purchase of Orange Spring and Hotel in East Florida, and represent ed that after a somewhat roving life and a suc cessful quest of fortune in California, he had de termined to locate there for the remainder of his life. He advertised his Hotel, had a considerable amount of printing done, and ordered supplies for it from Savannah. About three weeks ago he took his departure, leaving orders on his brother in-law to pay his bills, and procured his endorse ment to drafts on New York, amounting to 1800 dollars, which he cashed at the Manufacturer’s Bank. After ho had gone, “doubts were sugges ted by the bank, and a telegram to New York was answered “no account with James W. Geary.”— He was followed to Savannah—affected great surprise at the answer—said there must be a mis take, More telegraphing was had with no satis factory result—and meanwhile he dodged by way of Thunderbolt, escaped by tho Florida boat, having sent forward his wife and servants by a previous steamer to Orange Spring. While in Savannah, he had made extensive purchases for the Orange Spring Hotel, and collected from one of the banks a deposit* of SSOO under oath that lie had lost the eeritificate. He left the Florida j boat atFernandina, and has been tracked over a devious route, under different names, up iuto Sou j them Georgia to Thomasvillc, where he entered himself McGary, and collected again from an agency, with the certificate of deposit©, the SSOO :he had obtained from the Mother Bank in Sav annah on oath that he had lost the certificate; and after sundry other pecuuinry villainies, he is tra ced up to Fort Valley, on the South-Western Rail Road, where lie is lost sight of. Brevity does not permit mentioning half of Geary’s villainies—even to robbing the children, lie is undoubtedly one of the most incorrigible villains alive. Geary, who was often in the office during his sojourn in Macon, is about 5 feet Oincheshigh, stout, wore a heavy beard, very black and a luxuriant crop of hair, both of which were dyed. He had a scar on his forehead, another, we are told, in the back of his head, and a third on his left shoulder. We suppose him to be about thirty five years of age. His complexion is light, his conversation prompt and intelligent; appearance that of a gentleman. He wears eye-glasses in reading. COLUMBUS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1858. Congress. This body convened at the National Capital on Monday last. From the signs of the times, we infer that the great sectional issue will be allowed to sleep during the present session, and give place to questions connected with our foreign policy, which press upon the National Legislature for settlement. Prominent among these stand our Mexican re lations. What our Government should do iu or der to enforce the adjustment of our claims, and to protect our western frontier against the incur sions of the savage tribes from the districts of Sonora and Chihuahua, is a question involved in some difficulty. Our people on those distant borders are entitled to adequate protection from the government; yet it is not easy to compre hend in what way this can be afforded, without violating the territory of Mexico. No permanent security from their depredations can he obtained, until the Savages are dislodged and driven from the country. With regard to our claims, it were sheer folly to expect their liquidation in the ordi nary way. The bitter, deadly fends between the rival factions of Mexico have exhausted every le gitimate source of revenue, and are now sustained by extraordinary levies and the most intolerable and grinding exactions from the people. Never theless, Congress is called upon to do something in the premises. Central American affairs are by no means, in a i satisfactory condition. Our great and growing interests on the Pacific absolutely demand the opening and protection of the Isthmus routes.— The operation of the Clay ton-Bulwer treaty has been prejudicial to the United States iu that quar ter. We have adhered strictly and rigidly to its letter, while England has practically regarded it as so much waste paper. The policy which each nation has thought proper to pursue under its own interpretation of the treaty, has resulted in the steady growth of English influence on the Isthmus, and a constant decay of our own. The only remedy for this state of things, is the abroga tion of that treaty and a rigid enforcement of the Monroe doctrine. If, in addition thereto, Con gress would repeal the “Neutrality Laws,” our Central American relations would soon be upon “rising ground.” There is one question of domes tic policy, which will probably be forced upon the attention of Congress—the tariff. Advantage will be taken of the empty condition of the Treasury to endeavor to secure an advance upon the present rate of duty on imports. The iron interest, we may anticipate, will be particularly active in this behalf. All parties at the South, we are glad to know, now regard this question in its proper as pect. In the Southern vocabulary, that insidious and alluring titlo “protection to Northern try” is defined to mean “roM—o ° r The interest of —rib-west, too, is identical -,j. t£J ui of the South, upon this question, and, hence, we do not fear any material change of the present tariff. Thus we see that though we shall have a short session, the subjects which claim a discussion invests it with a very serious impor tance, Acknowledgements. We feel under especial obligation to Capt. S. H Hill, agent of Hamden’s Express, in this city, for a copy of the President’s Message. The States, (newspaper) will please accept our thanks for a similar favor, in advance of our other Washington cotemporaries. We are largely indebted, also, to Mr. W. H. Pritchard, Agent of the Associated Press at Augusta, Ga., for his repeated acts of obligingness. Congressional. Washington, Dec, 7.—ln the Senate to-day Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, gave notice of his intention, at an early day, to introduce a bill au thorising a pension to he paid to the widow of Gsn. Persifer F. Smith. Mr. Howard, of New York, gave notice that he would bring forward a similar measure to pen sion the widow of Gen. Gaines. The House considered the resolution of the last session, for tho abrogation of the Clayton-Bnlwer treaty. A motion to la}’ the resolution on the table was negatived by a vote of ninety to nine ty-three. Both houses have adjourned until Thursday. Monument to Gf.n. Quitman. —In the Miss issippi Senate on Monday last, a resolution was unanimously adopted, appropriating thirty thou sand dollars to erect a monument to tho late Gen’ Quitman, at Natchez. News by the Uvt rland Route. Interesting Sew.from Arizona — Tla’ Itrrnltion in Sovora—lndian Fight., etc. Sr. Louis, Dec. 3, 1858. The overland mail which arrived lust night brought six passengers, among them Mr. Jle- Kibben. M. C., of Calfornia, and Lieut. Motvry, the delegate to Congress from Arizonia. Lieut. Mowrv left Gila City on the 4th Novem ber, at which time some hundred and fifty men were digging gold, tho average yield being ten dollars per day, with the rudest implement*. Ev ery part of the country yet prospected iu the vi cinity of the mines proved auriferous, and tjie opinion was current among old miners that no richer surface diggings exist, even in the most fa vored portions of California. The mines are lo cated on the neutral ground between the Yuma and Pinos Indians, and thus no danger is appre hended from hostile tribes. A political meeting at Gila. November 4. pass ed resolutions endorsing the action of the con ventions held at Mcsila and Tuscon, and asking Congress for a Territorial organization. The Sonora Silver Mining Company were smel ting a thousand ounces a week. Several other mines were also being actively worked. Lieut. Mowry brings several rich specimens from the silver mines, also about S3OO in gold from the Gila river diggings. Lieutenant M. computes the population of the Territory at 15,000, and gives glowing descrip tions of the beauty of the agricultural and gra zing resources of the country. The mail route from San Francisco to Texas is in tine order, with the exception ot the central portion, which is in had condition, owing to loose management and inferior stock, Tbe first mail from Albuquerque to California is ordered from the 35th parallel. Arizona road, to Pinos, tbenee into California by the Butterfield route.J It was reported at Fort Smith that Lieuten ant Beale would go into winter quarters. The rumor that he had been attacked was disbe lieved. Mr. McKibbin reports that the Apaehec In dians continued their depredations ou the fron tier of Sonora and Arizona; seven out of a party of eight had been recently killed by a body of Mexicans, about forty miles from Fort Buchanau. The revolution in Sonora was in full progress. Gov. Pesqueira, had the least support of the rich men aud merchants of the province, on account of his failure to return a large sum of money bor rowed from them, according to promise. Capt. Stone was progressing sueessfully with his surveys under tho recent contracts authorized by the government. Mr. Fickliu, reports the Camanches somewhat troublesome, although they were not organized in to bands of sufficiently large numbers to occasion much alarm. Mr. Edwards, one of Lieut. Bealo's party, who had arrived at Fort Smith, reports the expedition all well in camp on the South side of the Canadiau river. Lieutenant Beale would proceed to Albu quorque as soon as his escort, which was a short distance behind, overtook him. The mail from Neosho to Albuquerque was at Beale’s camp.— Colonel Ross was in the neighborhood, resting till Spring, before proceeding with the examina tion of the surveys towards the Mohave and Tejon. Interested to the Catholic Cut ncu.—The Spanish Government has laid before the Cortes a bill for restoring to the clergy and the church their former possessions. Not only the property of the seoular clergy, lost by the revolution of 1855. is probably to be returned, but also that of convents, which had been suppressed in former years: and indemnification promised for all that had already been sold in accordance with the law of 1855. The total sum amounted to more than 3,000,060,000 reals, or about one hundred and fifty millions dollars. Synopsis of Department Reports. Washington. Dec. 6.—Secretary Cobb, of the Treasury Department soys that the expenses of Government for the next fiscal year, will require $73,250,000 —including $15,500,000 for the army, $13,500,000 for the navy, and 8210,000 for the or dinance department and fortifications. Post Office Department. —Secretary Brown, of the Post Office Department, recommends that the franking privilege be abolished, and the issue of stamps be substituted, lie deprecates the transmission of heavy matter by mail—recom mends the adoption of uniform rates of postage at 5 cents—favors the establishment of a line of mail steamers from San Francisco to Japan and China. He-estimates the expenditures next year at $14,750,600, and the receipts at $11,000,000. Department of Tin-: Interior. —Secretary Thompson, of the Interior Department, states that the revenue received last year from the sales of public lands, amounting to $2,000,000. He re commends that the government shall cover all lands containing the precious metals, and sell all lands contain ing the baser metals. He advises the extension of the pre-emption laws over the Terri tory of Utah. Navy Department. —Secretary Toueey re commends an increase in the number of officers of the Navy, of all classes; and favors the purchase of all the vessels lately chartered for the Para guay expedition. Ho also recommends the con struction of ten light draught steamers. War Department. —Secretary Floyd, of the War Department, gives it as his opinion, that the Nevajo and Camanehe war just commenced, will prove to be fierce and bloody; but he states that it will be vigorously prosecuted. He recommends but few new fortifications, and those only at ex posed points. His estimates for the next year are $3,000,P00 less than the expenditures were lasi [From tin? St. Louis Republican Dec. I.] Condition of the Southern Pad lie Railroad. At a recent meeting of the New Orleans subscri bers to the stock of the southern Pacific railroad. Col. Mills made some interesting and eucouraging statement concerning the condition and prospects of this road. From his statement we learn that the parties who had forced the sale of the road in Texas had been constituted by public opinion in Harrison county, and flic country generally, to agree to a compromise, the basis of wliiph had been proposed by Dr. Fowlkes. The terms were that a committee of live gentlemen should be ap pointed to lay down the conditions of the compro mise, and both parties entered into bonds of $500,000 to abide by the decision of the commit tee. The five gentlemen were selected on account of their well-known intelligence and integrity, and there could be no question that they would do their duty in good faith to all parties. Their award had already been published. Its most h*- pertain feature was that the .stock should provide for the paym--* amounts due to tho pAmnnw men had forced the sale, in three, /•.effort seven months. The amount of claims made by tbe selling company was $32J,000, but ho hud no doubt the committee would reduce the total amount of their claims to $200,000. There were some debts due by the company not inclu ded, but they did not amount to much. He thought that the meeting, on examining the state of the affairs of the undertaking, would be satis fied that they were iu a very wholesome condition, notwithstanding the manner in which they had been mismanaged. The company has twenty-five miles of road completed and in running order,at cost of $22,000 per mile, worth therefore, $550,000 j of land accru ing they have 250,000 acres, which, at the low es timate of Soper acre, will produce $1,080,000, ma king a total of $1,630,000. Deducting $400,000 for the indebtness of the company, far above the mark, as well as could be ascertained, would leave $1,230,000 of unincumbered assets. On the com pletion of fifty miles, at a corresponding cost, ma king the amount of its value $1,100,000, there will be 512,000 acres of land accruing, which, at the same rate, will ho worth $2,560,000, and the State loan of 300,000 making the total of tho assets then $3,960,000. This would be an ample basis on which to build the next fifty miles at a coat of sl,- 000,000 ; and in a like, or raher in a much great er, ratio, the means of the company will be aug mented as the work progresses. On the comple tion of the road to the Rio Grande, a distance of 700 miles, at a cost of $20,000 per mile, it would represent assets to the value of $14,000,000: the land accruing, 7,168.000 acres, at the very low av erage of $7,50, would represent $53,760,000 ; and the eiwt of building the road being paid there would be assets to the amount of $39,760,000 in the posession of the company, and one of the best paying roads in the world. The road extended to the Pacific, a distance of 800 miles from El Pa so, at a cost of $30,000 per mile, would still leave the company §15,000,000 of*assets: and 1,500 miles of road completed, the annual revenue from a year for repairs he had roughly estimated that $12,500,000 or $15,500,000 which allowing $3,000,000 in gross ; namely from 160,000 travel ers, which is fewer than those who now cross the continent, at S7O each, $10,500,000: from freight, $3,000,000 ; from transportation of mails, troops, subsistence, and material of war, $2,000,000. A Beautiful Sketch. We select the following beautiful picture from a recently published address of Richard V. Cook, Esq., of Columbus, Texas, on the Education and lufluence of woman. It will touch the heart of the reader. Seldom have we seen so many gems of thought and pearls of feeling so beautifully blend ed, or the idea of woman's mission so >vell and truthfully expressed : “I fancy a young man just emerging from the bright elysium of youth, and commencing the bright journey of life. Honest, noble and gifted —the bread world to his warm hopes is the future scene of afflueuce, fame and happiness. Under his active energies, business prospers, and as a consequence, friends come about him. Ere long he meets a sensible and amiable girl, who wins his heart, and loves and trusts him in return. He doesn’t stop to ask what the world will say about the match in ease he marries her. Not he. The world is kicked out of doors, and the man deter mines to be the architect of his own happiness.— He doesn’t stop to inquire whether the girl’s father is rich in the lands, and slaves and coin ; but he marries her for that most honest and phi liosophic of all reasons—because he lores her ! He builds his home in some quiet spot where green trees wave their summer glories, aud where bright sunbeams fall. Here is the Mecca of his heart, towards which he turns with more than Eastern adoration. Here he is a green island in the sea of life, where rude winds never assail, and storms never come. Here, from tho cares and troubles of existence, he finds solace in the society of her who is gentle without weakness, aud sensi ble without vanity. Friends may betray him, and foes may oppress ; but when towards homo his weary ibotseps turn, and there beams upon him golden smiles of welcome, the clouds lift from his soul—the bruised heart is restored, and tho strong muu made whole. I see the man fall into adversi ty. Creditors seize his property, poverty stares him iu the face and he is avoided on all Bands as a ruined bankrupt. When he sees all gone— frinds, credit and property —grief-stricken and penniless, he seeks his humble home. Now does the wife desert him too? Nay, verily! When the Yvorld abandons and persecutes the man. she draws closer to his side, and her affection is all the warmer because the evil days ha\’o come upon him. The moral excellencies of her soul rise su perior to the disasters of fortune. .And when she sees the man sit mournful and disconsolate, like Themistocles by the Household Gods of Admethus hers is the task to comfort and console. She re minds him that misfortune has oft overtaken the wisest and the best ; that all is neY r er lost while health and hope survive; that she still is near to love, to help and to encourage him. The man listens, his courage rallies, and the shadows flee from his heart: armed once more, he enters the arena of life, industry and energy restore him to competency; fortune smiles upon him, friends return, and— ‘Joy mounts exulting on triumphant wings.” Again the seen# shifts. I see the man stretched weak and wasted on a bed of sickness. The anxious wife anticipates every want and necessity. Softly her foot falls upon the carpet, and gently her hand presses the fervid brow’ of the sufferer. Though the pale face gives evidence of her own weariness and suffering, yet through the long watches of each returning night, her vigils are kept besides the loY'ed one’s couch. .At last dis ease beleaguers the fortress of life, and the physi cian solemnly Yvarns his patient that death is ap proaching. Ue feels it too, and the last words of love and trust are addressed to her. who is weep ing besides his dying bed. And, in truth, the last hour hath come. I imagine it is a fit time to de part ; for the golden sun himself has died upon the evening’s fair horizon, and rosy clouds bear him to his grave behind the western hills ! Around the couch of the dying man, weeping friends and kindsmen .stand ; while the minister slowly reads the words of promise : “I am the Resurrection and the Life saith the Lord ; he that belie vet h on me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me. shall never die.” $ lowly the clock marks the passing moments, and silently the sick man’s life is ebbing away. Slowly the cold waters are rolling through the gateways of life. And nwwrt,he death damp is on the victim’s brow and the heart throbs its last pulsations, the glazed eye opens and turns in one full, farewell glance of affection upon the trembling weeper who bends over him, and ere the spirit departs forever, the angels hear the pale wife whisper—-“ I’ll meet thee—l’ll meet thee in heaven !” To the Colton Growers of Georgia. And their Representatives at Milledgeville. The Iron products of Pennsylvania are annual ly $22,000,000. This employs the capital of $5,000,000. It al so gives employment and .subsistence to 5,000 working-men and many more women and chil dren. The Cotton crop of Georgia is estimated at $25,000,000. Tbe capital employed in Cotton making in Georgia, estimating 4 bales per hand, and $lO per acre for the land, and other things in proportion, is $50,000,000 for land, stock, fcc., $60,000,000 for negroes making $110,000,000. This employs 125,000 negroes, besides owners, overseers, Ac. The Iron crop of Pennsylvania, annually em ploying a capital of $5,000,000, and 6,000 men to work it, i9 nearly equal to the ent it crop of Cot ton in Georgia; employing a capital f sllO,- 000,000 and 125,000 hands. Cherokee Georgia has Iron resources equal to Pennsylvania and physical resources lo develop* them. If developed, Cherokee Georgia would ; make products nearly equal in value to the Cotton products of the State. Without the Rail Road, it cannot he developed. The difference to Georgia would le millions of Iron products besides those of the Farm, the Orchard, the Garden and the Dairy, for export. where she now imports, and pays for out of the “Cotton crop. The Statesman who would antici pate the grand spectacle, may sum up the items, fill out the picture, and gaze with admiration. Tho difference to the W. fc. A. Rail Road, would be, the addition of freights from a Rail Road traversing the Iron region of Etowah Val ley, equal to all the way stations besides, put to gether. This is true, because four miles of this Road, just completed, now puts on and receives from the State Road, more freight than is received at any other Depot, and as much as ten of the smaller depots put together, (See Dr. Lewis’ Ite port.) Georgia now imports millions of dollars worth of Iron and Iron products; millions also of’ duets of the Farm, Orchard, rtnft 1 a,r 5‘ The Cotton pays for *- Make it— arOn, Mod, Ac. at home, ns may w and she saves millions for investment in stead of spending it. She adds to her taxable re sources, instead of paying tribute to others. She increases her population, and retains men who would leave her. She multiplies strong arms and 1 stout hearts for her defense, instead of feeding and enriching those who habitually abuse and re vile her. Without this policy, what has she in prospect but worn out soil and decaying institutions? Where are her means of defense ? They are in Cotton bales and negroes. Their lungs and their tongues—they are in pen, ink and paper. What is her resort but submission uncondition al? What Nation of People ever did otherwise than submit, who were fed and clothed by others, and were even dependent on their oppressors for their pruning hooks, as well as their swords, theii guns and their powder? Who could fail to love and respect the hand of the people who, in addi tion to all this, sells us our beef, our hay, our but ter and cheese, our potatoes, onions and cabba ge*? Would it not be wise to avail ourselves ofthi amiable trait of human character and afford it a chance for exercise towards our mountain popi lation ? The cotton planters may answer! A word to the wise is sufficient. The HtatisticsVjf Iron and its products considerd relatively in regard to the South and tbe North are equally interesting. Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgi •, Alabama, Tennessee and Arkansas, (saying noth ing of the vast, resources of Texas,) have Iron Ore, equal in quality and more abundant, than all the Northern States together. There are made in the United States, about 800,000 tons of Iron, which costs the consumers $60,000,000. This much, and 500,000 tons more, of foreign Iron, is consumed in the U. S. A to tal of 1.300,000 tons consumed, at cost to the consumers of $97,500,000. Os this, there is con sumed in the Southern States nearly one half, 40,000,000 worth. The produce comparatively but little, suppose $10,000,000 worth. This leaves $30,000,000 to be annually paid by the South for Iron, made by others. It is paid out of the cotton crop directly or indi rectly. The cotton crop is equal to $150,000,000. Os this $30,000,000 goes to pay for Iron. How much more is paid foFhay, butter, cheese, beef, apples, potatoes, cabbages, onions, garden seeds and flower-roots, the merchants can tell. And all of this is paid by the South, with better resources than the North, serving to insure our dependence, to make us love, respect and submit to the North, whilst we feel anything but respect, regard or in terest in or for our mountains and all that there in are. Annually, for thirty years, has the South by its best bred gentlemen and ladies, in their rich est costume —hat in hand —called on the North, leaving their cards. For thirty years these calls have not been re turned. Year after year we ring their parlor bells and leave our visiting cards* —They print, our curds and male our I is-—whilst we pay for the cards and hells—and ri > ; oneself s. But the calls are not returned. W hat we iu return every one knows. At home, if we call on a neighbor and he does not return it, self-respect forbids a second call.— For our Northern neighbors we swallow our self respect and repeat the call, and get our d'Hires and our food, our offices and titles of JTonor—ou their own terms. If our statesmen are wise, they will stimulate the products of our Farms, our Orchards. Gar dens and Daries—if not of the Iron and Mineral regions. The Cotton Planter is interested in these matters and will reflect. Respectfully, MARK A. COOPER New Construction of Rails for Railways. —An invention has been brought forward in Lou don, which has for its object the construction of rails for railways in such a manner as to secure the necessary strength with a less weight of metal than is at present required, or employed. The greatest strain to which a railway rail is subject ed being in a direction obliquely downward and outward, it has long been a desideratum to con trive a fornijof rail that, with the necessary breadth of to]) and bottom, should contain along the con necting portion or web a continuous substance of metal in the line of the greatest strain. These requisites have been sought to be combined iu tbe forms familiarly known as she I or 11 rail, and in verted T rail, in which a solid continuity of sub stance is presented in the line of greatest strain ; both of these rails, however, contain much metal in the head that is unnecessary and useless, and which is dispensed with in this new invention, which consists in forming an inverted T rail with an aperture of hollow space extending lengthwise through the thick upper portion of the rail. It is said to cohnbine great strength and durability. Judge Jackson’s Speech. The Washingto Union of Friday last contains Judge Jackson’s Milledgeville speech. Com menting on the speaker’s allusion to Mr. Buchan an the editor says— The tribute which Judge Jackson pays to Mr. Buchanan is as just as it is eloquent; and is the more valuable as coming from one whose reigna tion-of the position he held abroad was doubtless made in deference to a rule laid dowirby the Pres ident in regard to his foreign appointments—a rule which many of our diplomats would be apt to feel as operating harshly in their cases. The tribute of Judge J. is that of one who has given up and is not asking office ; of one who has been removed from those excitements of American pol itics which so prejudice the judgment and jaun dice the vision of resident citizens; and who, scan ning the conduct of our present administration from a European stand-point, sees only with the eyes and speaks only with the feelings of a pa triot. Excavations from the Ruins or Carthage. —-A private letter received in this city from Tu nis, .Algiers, states that on the 20th of October, H. B. M. steamer Supply arrived at that port PEYTON H. COLQUITT, > Edit JAMES W WARREN. S ’ Number 49 from Malta, for the purpose of taking on board forty-five eases, containing Mosaic and Punic inscriptions, which were taken from the ruins of Carthage. Some of the Mosaics are represented as being quite beautlfnl and of large *size—one piece measuring fifteen feet by six feet. The ca ses generally measure about eight feet square.— Besides the inscriptions several pieces of statuary and architecture, were also put on the Supply.— These articles are to be taken to London and pla ced in the Museum there. Both the English gov ernment and people seem to take great interest in the excavation of ihese ruins, and the former has been liberal iu supplying money for the purpose. Wash-inf/trm Star. The Progress ol Population in the United Slates. We republish from the Albany Atlas and Argus a suggestive article on the progress of population iu this country and its effect upon our political system. It is not to be disguised that tho great West and Southwest, which now constitute what may be termed the garden of the States, in the earlier history of the government have been trea ted rather as minors and dependants than as stal wart and powerful adults. This was perfectly natural : because it is scarcely a quarter of a cen tury since ibe. whole Wain of the Lakes aud tho Valleys of the Mississippi and Missouri were vir gin forests and prairies. Illinois, which now claims the fourth rank in the household, twenty years ago was a mere wilderness. So were Indi ana, Michigan, Wisconsin, lowa, Minnesota, and Missouri. These States had not entered the lists as producers ; they had no commerce except that which was embraced in the transportation of emi grants and their effects. Cleveland, Detroit, Chi cago, Mihvaukie, and St. Louis were little fron tier village, with high-sounding city names and enormous expectations, which no sane man thought v\ uld be realized. Now they are power ful municipalities, with elaborate systems of police and government, and the marts of a great com merce )>a -d upon the productions of the States in which they are situated, and linked together by a net-..ork of roads and canals, which have literally ? ..‘moved all the obstacles of distance, and equalized tin* value of property throughout the whole in oriur of the country. The American people have witnessed these wonderful events of their recent history without realizing their effects upon our political system—without regarding them as a controlling power in the legislation of the com.try, able to dictate measures of policy to the government. Those who reflect upon public affairs will be able to see, at a glance, tho direc tion of empire in this country. They will see it in thoV'iuplctc works of improvement in the West constructed and conducted by individual enter prise—by increasing and rapidly-extending popu lation over the interior country —in the compara tive decline of the East and augmentation of tbe West in the national legislature, and in the con trol which the latter are soon destine*! co oxe** upon the general industry commerce of the whole Union. , , , , Tk,. .ocent measures adopted by the government to open inter-continental highways between the river settlements and the Pacific States, will soon present anew phase of our affairs which will com mand the attention of statesmen and philosophers. The immense resources of the interior, which could only he reached and developed by organized government, are now brought within the scope of our emigrant people. What has been done in the lake and river States remains to be done on tho eastern and western slopc> of the mountains.— The current of population which, less than forty Years ago, invaded and subdued western New York and Ohio, and has since covered Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, lowa, Minnesota, Missouri. Kansas, and Nebraska, is still moving on with accelerated steps to the West and South west. It is neither desirable uor possible to cheek this current or turn it aside. It now commands, in connection with tiie South-western regions of the Union, an empire of production and a prosper ity greater than the world has ever before seen; and its industry and wealth constitute, after all, the vital power which animates the business of tbe Atlantic States. Our industrial System can never be said to be complete till all tbe fountains of wealth which lie hidden in the earth shall have been developed. This we apprehend, should be a rule to guide pol iticians and statesmen. As wo have no power to stop the wheels of progress, aud as every advance in the way of unfolding our resources has added wealth and prosperity to tho nation, the lesson is too complete to be overlooked or neglected. The legislation of the country should be in harmony with its interests and its evident destiny.— U aA ton Union. Compliment to Judge Shorter. We learn from the Talladega Watchtower, that the bar complimented Judge Shorter with an im promptu supper at that place, where court was then in session, on Thanksgiving night. Among the guests were Judge Bierce, of Ohio, and Mr. Duval of Montgomery, the State Superintendent of education. Judge Shorter responded to a sen timent complimentary to tho Judiciary of Ala bama, in his usual happy manner, and concluded by proposing, “The Talladega Bar, may its fu ture success be as glorious as its past attainments.” Hon: J. L. M. Curry, the representative of the Talladega District in Congress, was toasted and made a speech. “Tbe chairman of the committee ou Federal Relations” brought out Gen. James B. Martin, who occupied that position in the last Legislature, and who thought “the time for reso lutions had passed, and that the hour for action had come.” lUe venture to say that a report more true, appropriate and concise never emanated from any committee, and wc hope our federal re lations will take it as notice of our intention to quit, on the election of a Black Republican presi dent, if not sooner. Altogether, the supper must have been a genial and delightful affair, not only bestowing a well merited compliment upon an ex cellent Judge, but constituting one of those ‘hap py reunions,’ that help to make up the poetry of life. Certainly he must be more or less than man who can read the graphic and glowing account of the Watch tower’s correspondent, without regret ting th?*t this is all that fate permitted him to see of so agreeable an entertainment. —Enfanla Spirit of the South. Tiie Vintage.— Tho following letter (says the Washington Union, from an extensive owner of vine-yards in France to an English resident ill Pans.) contains some interesting observations on the vintage of the present year:—ln the depart ments in which the renowned sorts of wine are produced, the wines will be equal to what we call vins de la cometc —a sacramental phrase for good wines, ever since the yoar 1811, when a comet 1 caused great fear to feeble-minded people. In tbe departments in which, like that of the Her ault, cheap wines are produced, the abundance is extraordinary ami the quality good. There have been some bunches of grapes, rare it is true, 7 cen timetres, (2% feet long.) In some vineyards 400 hectolitres (8,800 gallons) of wine per hectar (2)4 acres) have been obtained. Certain owners have made 20,000 hectolitres; others 25,000 ; and there are even some who have obtained 35,000. Now you knoYv that the consumption of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is about 35,000 hectolitres. The selling price of wine, to be taken at the owner’s, (the purchaser finding his own casks,) has fallen as low as 2f. the hectolitre —9 centimes the gallon. That is exceptional, it is true: but for 4 cents a gallon you may have as much wine as you like. Missionaries to Utah. —The Philadelphia North American thinks the present a favorable time to send missionaries to Utah, to Cbristionizo tho Mormons. The Saints will not be likely to re gard this proposition as very complimentary to their professed sanctity. That paper says: “Here is an admirable opportunity for benevo lence of any kind to exercise itself. Good men, and—better still—good and true women, who are prepared to endure, meekly and courageously, hardships, toil, danger, and, perhaps, insult and ingratitude—women of the same temper as Flor ence Nightingale—will find the Mormon country just tbe place for them. They must be prepared to suffer and work, unknown and unrewarded of men ; but still enjoying tbe secret consciousness of doing good. They will find thousands of un happy sisters, and thousands of cbildrem almost uneared for; thousands of poor, ignorant and dis tressed people, whom they may teach to call them blessed. With such protection as the federal au thorities will now, wo trust, afford in Salt Lake City, we believe that benevolent and Christian ef fort may, with safety, be made amongst the Mor mons, and with the happiest results.” Petersburg Convention. — Petersburg, Va. Dec. 4. —The democratic Convention has nomina ted tho lion. John Letcher, as a candidate for Governor. He was subsequently nominated by a unanimous vote. It is said that Mr. Letcher’s most bitter opponents concede that he will be elec ted by 17 or 18,000 majority. J. R. Tucker Yvas nominated as the candidate for Attorney General. The delegates are discussing the claims of the caniddatee for Lieutenant Governor. The Convention will, in all probability, adjourn to-night.