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LOUISV I L L E, TUESDAY, j4ujfujl 5, 1800. - - prom the Balti more Americn. »* A Free Pre/s maintains the Ma yfly of the People /" Than the Americans, no people ever more fully prov ed the jufticc of this excellent motto, which about the year 1770, Mr. A'dams, now profi dent of the United States, but then a praQitioner of law, affix ed to the ftoflon Gazette , a paper to which he was a piincipal contiibutor, and the effufions cf whofe extenfive genius, and cnthufiaftic love of liberty, tended with certain, but pro greflivc eHe6l. to cxpirid the germ of our national indepen dence. When once the people become fo far the dupes of a few dehgning or fupcificial charac ters in the (fate, as to give fup pott to thofc papery only that rally thcmfelvcs on the fide of adminiftration, and pronounce it infallible, bccaufe perhaps they wifh it fo; whenever the incafurcsof government arc not watched with a never numbering eye, and the fmalleft innovation or dangerous mealure condemn ed, by candid and logical argu ment, and that through the mi - dium of ncwfpapcrs—and when ever they are not vi.tuoiis or confidcratc citizens fufficient in a republic to give fupport to fuch newfpapeis, and the lenti- Uel is allowed to deep at his poft, then can the picqucts of civil liberty be cafily forced, the ramparts of republieanilm thrown down, and the ineftima blc rightSjthedarlingenjoyments of fr< without rasil tanceaprcy to the enemy. When vhe lyftem of terror was liift a 1 tempted by llarpe> and Co when (Uric: of FrtaJl invasions, of tubs, taylors clues fhm without wiillbands, breech es half made, and one third of the alpha bet were raarened in dire array, to aftrighten the peo ple, and cover the black design which luiked at the bottom; that powerful engine, the prcls, was next allailed ; its importance to any political mealure was too great to leave it unfhacklcd, or to truft to the judgment of us conductors, a tree cxercile of their rights, A law was palled hy congrefs empowering timothy Picker ing, to lelett out in the ieveial Hates, luch newfpapeis as he plealed, and to allow them fuch lalarnes as he plealed, lor the oftcnsihle purpole of printing ibe 1 aws and proclamations, a duty, which, before that period, cveiy edror thought himlelf bound to difeharge for the inter eft of his cuftoinen, and for general information. Phi* mea sure certainly operated on Inch p eftes as were employed, to r;- vit their lupport to all the mra furcs of government, and to ftiftc that ticc and candid en quiry which ought to be purlu ed in an Anicucan paper, but which would jeopaidize the fa- Jary, if allowed in thole employ ed by the government. Thus the prefles on one fide cf the quef tir.i welt dnpolcd of. The next consideration was to (hackle thofc on the other fide or the fide o / the people. The paffi ig and efFefts of the (edition law are well known; one prefs was entirely fupprclT cd; the conduftors of others have been fuhjeft to tedious and Joathfome imprilonraents, and ruinous and deftru&ive fines. Hence has the prefs become in America, as mtich as wc boaft of our freedom, 1 repeat the af fertion* although it was firft publicly made my Porcupine M lefs free, lefs (hackled, and lefs independent, than ever it was. or I hope ever it will be in Great-Blirain." Thejuftice of thefe obfejva tions have recently been witnell cd in this city ; —The accounts of the public officers whit h Mr Duane, in a fair, candid and open manner expofed, every item of which carried a felf-evi dcnce cf validity with it; the truth of which we have received the moft folcmn pledge of feeing proved in a court ofjuftice, were totally unnoticed by cither the Gazette or Telegraph] the forriler a which receives a (alary from government, (or publiftiing the laws, the latter, timid as a h ire, and fearful of exercising an independent fpirit, from fume caufc bed known to its conduc tor, I fay, Mr. Duane's ftatements although accompanied by the evidence above (fated were un noticed by either the Gazette or I elegraph, while the fophiftocat cd, avasivc aflertions of Oliver Wolcott, lamely attempting to (hield the character of the dif giaccd fccrctary. were eagerly feizcd upon, and publilhed by both thefe papers as fooo as it wai received. In what manner (hen can wc account for the motives of thefe editors; muft we luppok that they arc both under the in fluence of the ticafury junto; th.it they have both been bought up] or that the minds of either of them are not fo juftly im preffed with the magnitude of the truft repofed in them, as to allow them meanly to proftitute their own opinions, and bafely in tuit the good underftandings of their cuftomers, by withholding fn m them only one fide when they have fcrioufly pledged themfclves to give both!-—lf they piofit by fuch conduct, “ by Heaven I would ra'ker he a dog and bay the Moon than fuch a Roman." ExlraH of a letter to the Editor of the Aurora , from New-Cattle county, June 28, 1800. “ Yefterday the circuit court of the United States, was open ed in this place, by his honor judge Chafe. The grand jury, atiej' being impanelled, hearing a very learned charge, and (pend ing lome time by thcmfelvcs, returned to the court, and in formed them that they had no bills before them, nor any busi ncls for ihe court, and wilhed to be dilchargcd. His honor was much iurprifed, and intimated that he underftood there was )editio?i fomewherc in Wilming ton among the printers, or fomc where clfs, and ordered the attotney-gcnerkl and £ll the jury to go in (earch of (edition, and return with their report to-mor row ; ]|s orders, you know mud be rorhplicd with, nOtwith ftanding the hay harveft, and corn, demand the utmofl exer tions of every man in the com munity. the mud .all he deferted to hunt (edition. When lo! and behold on this day the jury met, and to their honor be it (aid, returned to the court the fame am'wer as yefterday no bu- Jint/s for the court ; not even a prclentment againft the demo cratic printer of Wilmingtoe Uo you recoiled the name of that judge whom we read of in Englidi hiflory who perform fo many high handed a£fs ofyudicc againd the {editions in Wiltfhire and elfetvherc of old times— was it Jeffries—or who—it was not Chafe, for in years he is not old enough/' The profpeEl and almojl certain ty of the frimdly Jentiment of all differences with France is already operating favourable on political opinion.—France is a republic ani it is of the utmojl importance that all republics[fhndd harmonize in the great work of revoluli mzing the world and reflating to the enjhved nations their ju/l rights. Sot Fng ftnee the moji hitter re/entment the mojl implacable 4 ury was exhibited in this country , againJl the people and caufe of France. Senator Tracy, wijhed Jor a war of exter minate 7i; and this bluody fenti ment was re-echoed by a thmfani fubordmale fatellites; but this race of iniquit us glory is terminated , Political infamty will Joon be de flroyed% and America and France unii d, will bid defiance to the cor rupt dfigns of the Englifh Mmif try. The edtftafing fpirit of republic anifm is clearly iVtKCCu by It: poli tical ioa/ts drank upon the late 4 th of July. The ardent love of liberty, the flrong attachment to the princi -' bah of the r‘volution, the unfhahen firmnefi, by which the American mind at the prefentmommt is tern -. pered ; th ft are cir cum fiances whibh * augur well to the future happinefs, prosperity and independence of the American republic. It has ken the tuifh and defign of a certain junto in this country , to approach by graduel fieps towards the eflablifh ment of the principles by which the admimjiration of the Britjh mo narchy is din fled. But the projelh of the federal mbnarchial faction, are not likely to carry ; the fpirit of liberty is oppofed to their efforts , and the people of the United States are determined to arrefl the pro grrfs of fuch a baneful political fyf tern. To do this icith complete ef fect, the citizens ought to exhibit the utmojl republican activity at their eUHions. It is by efforts of this kind that the liberties of our country mujl ann will be pre/erved. The federal lories are qrite dif appunled in Mr, Adams, and cen jure his conduit as leaning to the republican intcreft. 1 hey n n w jay he is become a Trimmer, and uijh es to pieaje both parties , in hopes of being y e defied priJident. jf he cm bajfy to France was one flop cut cf the path cf federaljm—but the dif mifjal cy the man T::noihv t has ruined him altogether in the eyes of thofe true friends cf good order a time /'Tver (fay they) i 5 U vfu to hold he rein, of government , and therefore Mr. Pinckney, the [launch federal correfpondent of X. Y. and , Z and the Lady , is to be held vp as a candidate for the prefidenlial chair ; However, we are pleajed to find, that the republicans in the /out hern fates , aware of the double game about to be played by the Jede rahfls, are determined unanimoufiy to [upport Mr. Jefferfcn for prefix dent, but will it is probable fcattea their votes for vice prrfident ,; be this as it may , we are confident that thofe who fupport Mr. Jejferfoit will not vote for general Pinckney, whojc political principles are diame trically oppofite to thofe oj the fra mer of the declaration of indepen dence, thy may vote Jor the late Go vernor oj South Carolina that de termined and patriotic republican — C harles Pinckney, atprefentfc* nator to congrefs Jnm that fate , and formerly a co patriot of Jefjer- Jon —this uniform and inflexible (nend to the rights and liberties of the people, would fill the fecond chair of flate with reputation to kmfelf and honor to his country , There is no queftion more important in the political con cerns of a country, than ihat which includes in it, definite and conilitutional decifions in fundamental law. The United States have attempted this, but the experiment has not com plcttly anfwcrcd the expedatio* which had been formed upon this fubjedl. The loofc, arbitra ry and uncertain arrangements of the old world, had become the ground of reasonable expec tation, that things would be better managed under the ope ration of the American confu tation. This has been realized in part, and no doubt impor tant benefits have been the rc tult. r i he idea, however, of definite confiitution, has not Se cured us againft judicial con fhudiions, vaflly injurious to the perlouai rights cf each citizen. The adoption cf the confti tution ought to have deftroyed O every idea of having iccourle to * Britifh precedents. 1 hefe con futations defined with accuracy, the civil and political rights of the people, and the Jaws which refultcd from, or which were made in conformity to ihcfc cocfiitutions, became the genfr* rai rule of adhon, Ihe conftf* tution and the law produced & joint effect, it was thought would have been complete and adc« quatc to the preservation cf or der and good government. *1 he republican mind, however, bat laboured under an error in two refpedls; fit ft, by fuppofing that the confutations of our country were clear, certain* plicit and definite in their mean* mg: fecondly, by fuppofing that the American conlUtutioo and American laws were com petent to the puipofes of politi cal happinels, without having recourle to iiiiulh flatuies and common law. lo the Britifh conllituiion alio, we fhould 1000 be compelled to rclort, it Inch an inflrumcnt could any where be found ; but the anu-iepub licins begin to be aihaincd n> fncakmg u'd! of a ibirg that b** 1