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informed of ihe designs of the British to tike possession of the neighboring flights. They also knew the precise time it was to be attempted, June IS. Before this movement was made known, (ten. Gage thought proper to discharge one more paper bullet. He accordingly expressed officially the public sentiment of his ar my and of the ministry —though not then that of the British nation at large. Oil the 12th of June he issued a proclama tion denouncing the patriot lcadirs as “ incendiaries and traitors,” the people as rebels, announcing the existence of mar tial law, hut graciously offering pardon To all who would lay down their arms, hut Samuel Adams and John Hancock. It was characteristic of all the infatuated measures of the day—it was silly and impotent. On the American side, measures were adopted of an offensive and defensive character. The cattle were driven off the neighboring islands. Steps were ta ken to cut off all supplies of provisions. By orJorof Gen. Ward, in May, Charles town was reconnoitered by Col’s Gridley and Henshaw, and Richard Devins, who reported in favor of fortifying, first Pros pect Hill, then Winter Hill, then Bree J’s Hill. But the chief control of the mili tary operations rested with the committee of safety. This l>ody requested the opin ion of a council of war as to the meas ures necessary to lie taken in view of the prospect of the heights of Dorchester and Charlestown by the British, preparatory to a farther penetra tion into the country. The great point was, should this British movement be an ticipated by a corresponding movement on the part of the provincials? In favor of the measure it was urged among other things, that the army was impatient to meet the enemy—that a similar feeling existed in the country—that it was of the first importance to take advantage of this ardor while it was fresh ; and that if the British were permitted to fortify tlioni se' ves in the heights about Boston, they could not be dislodged. Against antici pating the British, it was urged that pru dence demanded that a general engage ment should be avoided until the army had become more perfect in discipline; that it would be sure to bring on such an engagement; that the cannonade re quired to be maintained to retain these posts would he beyond the means of the provincials, as but eleven barrels of pow der were at the depot, and but sixty-seven in all Massachusetts; and that viewed ! on every side, the measure was rash and impolitic. In these debates, in the council of war and committee of safety, it is understood that Generals Ward and Warren were of those who opposed the contemplated movement; and Generals Pomeroy and Putnam, and Col. Prescott, of those who favored it. Pomeroy reposed on the skill of the Americans in the use of the rifle, and was ready to fight with but five car tridges to a man. Putnam insisted that the men were not afraid of their heads, though they were of their legs; cover the latter, said he, and they will fight for- J ever. Prescott dwelt on the bravery of the people; if driven to a retreat, every ! stone wall would be lined with the dead; and if surrounded, they would teach nicr cenary troops what men would do who j were determined to live or die free.— | The determination to occupy the penin- i sula of Charlestown has been termed un- j wise, if not rash. It was not more rash j than the resolve of the patriots to brave (he power of the most powerful kingdom I of Europe, for an‘abstraction. Meantime the advices from Boston left J no doubt of pending action on the part j of the British. On the 13th of June the committee of safety passed a resolve re quiring the army to prepare for action, and enjoined “ profound secrecy” on its own members as to its deliberations. On the 15th the militia of the. colony were requested to hold themselves in readiness j to march at a moment’s warning, with i thirty rounds of cartridges to a man ; and the people were requested to attend a meeting on the Lord’s day armed. On the same day it was voted unanimously, “that it be recommended to the council of war,” to take possession of Bunker Hill. Accordingly the council of war resolved to occupy the heights of Charles town without delay. Col. Prescott so licited the honor of executing this peril ous work. Gen. Ward, June 10, issued orders to prepare for an expedition ; on the evening of that day, Prescott, at the head of his gallant band, marched from Cambridge Common, took possession of Breed’s Hill, and ere the next morning had dawned, displayed the renowned re doubt to the astonished eyes of the British. The space allotted to this article will not permit a full detail of the thrilling events of the terrible conflict that ensued. The morning, on both sides, was spent in preparation ; the afternoon in battle and carnage. The British distinctly saw the provincials gathering their strength as if for a mighty effort; the Americans heard as distinctly, the rattling of artille ry carriages in Boston,-and saw the vari ous movements of the British troops in dicating an attack. “Now,” said Pres cott, “we shall have a fight; we shall beat them too !” The fight, in due time, came on. Tile British are driven to their boats. They rally again with des perate courage. Again they are forced to retreat. Better counsels governed them on the third trial. The officers and men no longer despised their enemy. A dear bought victory crowned their last effort. Such is the outline of this famed battle. To fill it up with a detail of all the events that took place would require a volume. We shall glance at one or two scenes. About three o’clock in the afternoon the preparations for defence and attack were well nigh completed. The eight rods square redoubt, the breast-work and the frail rail fence continued all the military works of the p<it riots. Most of the origi nal detaclunent, under Col. Prescott, were at the redoubt and breast-work. The New Hampshire and Connecticut troops, under Stark, Reed and Knowlton, were at the rail fence. General Putnam, on horseback, was animating the men wherever he deemed his presence requir ed. General Pomeroy, glowing with military ardor, was at the rail fence. General Warren, to learn the art of war under a veteran, was in the redoubt. As the veteran officers—volunteers for this day—appeared along the lines, they were received with enthusiastic shouts by the men. There was no glittering array of | polished armor—no splendid procession of gorgeous uniform. The troops were in homely apparel, and with but little pretension to military discipline. But they were full of enthusiasm, firm and de termined. At a little distance, in full view, the long lines of British troops were prepar ing for the battle. Their scarlet dresses, the glow of the sun upon their burnished arms and brazen artillery, the precision of their movements —all made up a bril liant and imposing spectacle. A fleet of armel vessels and floating batteries lay in the bay, from which, and from the forts in Boston, a continual cannonade was kept up. The scene of action was the middle of an amphitneatre of hills, second to none in the world for the beau ty of its position and magnificent scenery. (hi these hills—on every house and stee ple of the metropolis, the population of the country had been collecting, drawn to the spot by the sound of the cannon. The season was an uncommonly fine one, and the spring had clothed the things of earth in their most beautiful array.— The day was one of unusual serenity ; not a cloud obscured the horizon, hardly a wave ruffled the waters; nature lay in silence and repose, reflecting from the harbor below, or the river near, the isl ands and ships that adorned their surface. “Splendid panorama! how soon to be defiled by stains of dust and blood ! Fear ful ominous silence ! now soon to be bro ken by shouts of rage and groans of ag ony !” An hour passed on. llow changed the scene ! The cool provincials, a se cond lime, arc shouting the proud huzza I of victory ; the brave troops of Howe a second time are retreating under the mur derousfireof the Americans—afire which, j though it mowed down whole ranks to- I gctlier, they received with astonishing I fortitude. Then, too, Charlestown was on fire ! the conflagration was spreading from house to house, from street to street, and ascendingthe lofty spire of the church steeple in a pyramid of flame high over the rest in awful sublimity. Then the noise of crackling fires and crashing edi fices was blended with the shouts, Ihe shrieks, the groans that make up the frightful clang of the battlefield. The wreaths of smoke rolled over the Ameri can lines to the north, leaving to the de termined warrior a full view of their fly ing enemy. And there they stood—that gallant band—filled with the heroism that ever supports men when fighting for their wives, their children, and their country. Such is the nature of the scenes of the first and most important battle of the rev olution. It was tiie first time that Amer ican valor encountered British valor in mortal strife. It opened the eyes of the defenders of the ministry to the desper ate struggle before them. Its influence, | it might be shewn, was felt throughout I the war that ensued. The victory the | British gained was a dear-bought one ; I it cut down a large part of their army. I Oil the side of the Americans the loss | was severe, Imt nothing compared to that I of the British. The valor of Prescott, j the self-sacrificing bravery of Warren, : the undaunted courage of Putnam—the names of Pomeroy, Stark, Knowlton, McCleary—are all known to every A merican. Their fame is part of the in heritance of the past. Let their memory j tie ever held sacred. And let the name I of Bunker 1 lill be remembered as long as freemen thrill to the sound of freemen’s deeds. Mr. Kendall, in his last Expositor, quotes very conspicuously, an article from a Whig paper, charging Mr. Cal houn with a settled determination to be a candidate for the Presidency whether nominated by the Convention or not and apjxmds to it the following comment; “ The imputation is false, will be the response of Mr. <kilhoun’s friends —and false we believe it to be. But why should Mr. Calhoun alone of all the Democratic aspirants, be subject to such an imputa tion ?” The answer to this question might lie given thus that he is perhaps the only one of the candidates liable to the charge of advisedly sacrificing all views of per sonal ambition to the mere demands of principle, Mr. Calhoun is a little of vvhat they stigmatize ns im practicable — he is not a believer in the infallible wisdom of party action—and as the Whigs are bound Ks keep up some sort of warfare upon all the Democratic leaders, common discretion teaches them to assail every man on his weak side. But if Mr. Keii dall considers those attacks of the Whigs ; of so much moment, it strikes us that he might find sufficient occupation in ex plaining why divers other imputations are so continually showered upon his fa vorite. In conclusion, we do not pro nouncethe “ imputation” false deem ing such an answer to the attack of a po litical opponent, the most frivolous and useless that could possibly be given. The contemptible meanness of the Whin- Common Counctl of Philadel phia, in churlishly refusing to extend the customary civilities which appertain to their official station, very properly drew out the simultaneous scorn and con demnation of every decent and respect able press in that city. Sc ;ator YVooJbury’s Speech. The Daily Patriot of last Monday, pre sents a report of the speech of Senator Woodbury in convention the we k previ ous. After dwelling at length on State politics, he closed with the following re marks upon those of national import. .Mr. W. after some farther comments on the perversions which had been made of his opinions, and those of his political brethren as to State matters, observed, 1 that he should detain the convention but a few minutes longer, in referring to the principles that should guide us con- 1 ceruing men and measures connected 1 with the general government, and coming at this time under our consideration. First, we must go into a National Con vention with the democrats of our sister States, in that same amicable spirit, with which we meet here among ourselves. I 'Phe general government was formed on ly by compromise, and by compromise j alone can it be sustained not acorn-' promise of great and eternal truths in principle, but of differences as to men j and forms. We want a full and fair. convention, in order that all may feel in- ! terested in it, and acquiesce in its decis- 1 ions. Without such an one, we may not I only lose the election of our candid ates, but the predominance in power of our principles. lam satisfied, then, you will be liberal as to the time, just as well us liberal in respect to the choice of dele gates ; and not unjust or illiberal as to any of the democratic candidates. With out indelicacy, after all that has been said as to myself for one candidate, it may lie fit for me to assure you, that 1 claim nothing, ask nothing, and hope nothing ; in no event shall accept of any nomination, unless made by that Demo cratic National Convention. Next, it is clearly our duty to scruti nize c.osely your agents selected here or elsewhere for the centre of the Union. | Confide great power to them, you must 1 from n cessity ; but hold them to a strict account keep them within the consti tution veto and approve vetoes of all departures from it. Require them to : crush all monopolizing and dangerous, National Banks to blot out all demor-1 ahzing bankrupt laws to repeal all dis- ! tribution of public property given for. other purposes, and needed till the Union itself is insanely dissolved by some polit ical fanaticism to eschew a permanent public debt in time of peace, and to in-, sist til it all kinds of taxations by tariff or j otherwise shall be equal to all the great i interests, sections and classes of society. 'Flic farmer ought no longer to tolerate being robbed of every other bushel ol salt lie buys, by the 100 per cent tariff on this great necessity of life, nor get but one chain, or plough, or axe, or scythe, when he pays enough for two, and when at the same moment the raw material of the manufacturer is in some cases free, and in others not taxed one fourth as high. Do 1 say this, because hostile to manufacturers ? On the contrary, it is because I am the friend of all and want all equally treated, and one not ground to the earth by indirect taxes, such as fall as heavy also on the poor as the rich ; and this to give, not more revenue to the public treasury, but less. It gives more profit or revenue to the favored manufac turer alone. Manufacture* can send over to London and Manchester cottons from our own Stark Mills, and the far mers of Ohio, lard and pork to Paris without any bounty. We are unable to give Mr. W’s remarks on much of this point, but lie closed the consideration ol it, by urging the principles of free trade in all legislation, no less than in tariils. lie abhorred too much restriction, reg ulation and officiousness in government I about any tiling, lie deprecated govern | ing too much where a population was , like ours, moral and intelligent. The ! world was growing wiser on this. Who would now permit governments directly to fix prices for individuals as they once (lid ? Who would permit them to regu late by sumptuary laws, the fashion of our clothes, or prescribe a Pension or a London cut ? Who would not rebel now at a provision requiring us to believe in Calvin rather than Luther, or Whitefield instead of Wesley ? or to read only ex purgated books '? or adopt only the polit ical faith of a monarchist ? From the Vicksburg Sentinel, of June 12, A Great Man Fallen ! the People’s l hampi on Dead !! Dr. James Hagan is no more ! ! ! It becomes our painful duty to an | nounce the cold blooded assassination ol the proprietor of this Journal, yesterday afternoon, at 3 o’clock, P. M., at the hands of I). W. Adams, son of Judge George Adams, ol Jackson. Dr. Hagan, as was his wont, was returning from his board ing house to this office after dinner, when the individual named above, Walked up behind him and struck Dr. Hagan over j the head with a cane; a scuffle ensued, : which brought both parties to the ground, j Dr. Hagan being on top. W hile in this j position Adams pulled out a short bar relled pistol, bringing the muzzle round to the back of the neck of the deceased. The ball struck the spine and passed up into the posterior part of tlie head, caus ing instant death. Dr. Hagan was unarmed, and no one near him to render any assistance. The corpse was carried to the residency of James B. Ilayes, where an inquest was holden on tlie body. Adams, after an examination before a magistrate, was admitted to bail in the sum of six thousand dollars and securi ties for the same amount. Overwhelmed with grief and consternation at this most diabolical deed, we can only present the above facts in relation to this most mel- I ancholy event. A more particular ac count will be furnished in u few days. Robbery.— Three thousand dollars were stolen from the safe of Messrs. Lam beth and Thompson, N. Orleans in their counting house. r rom ihe Sew York Herat J. Pmstcm of Civilizali‘«ti Caption Tvlei’s Receptions* 1 lie lutleceLciei of the .Yews. paper Press. This is said lobe an age of great refinement pure morals— wonderful decency in manners —and great chivalry of character in alt ihe relations of life. A certain small class of society in this country —and a certain small portion of the newspaper and periodi cal press, claim to possess, par excellence, all the emi nent characteristics which we have enumerated.— Among newspajKTs, there is a particular clique or class more pertinacious in putting forward their claims than others ; a few of which we may name, as fol lows : 1 the “New York Courier & Enquirer," 2 the “Boston Atlas;” 3 the “New York American,” &c., &c. Now, in reference to one important event, the pil grimage of the constitutionally elected President of the United States to Bunker Hilt, what has been the conduct and behavior of those prints l Let us give only one example, which is as good as a dozen, anil is taken from the “Courier & Enquirer” of the 15th instant, as fellows: From the New York Courier & Foquirer. Tae Acting President. Mr. Tyler left here yesterday in the steamboat Mas sachusetts, for Stonington; and thus has terminated liis visit to tlie Commercial .Metropolis of the country. It is mortifying to every friend of our country and to every advocate of her institutions, that by any ac cident tlie olfice of Chief Magistrate should he tilled by any one so unworthy of the station; and it is still more mortifying that the reckless and unprincipled individual who now discharges the duties of Presi dent, should have been * » » « * Mr. Tyler knows now, as he did before he left the seat of gjvcrnincnt, that of the hundreds of thou sands who would meet him in this city and at other places on his route, there would not be ten individu als of the whole number whodo not look upon him as an unprincipled traitor, meriting alike the contempt and execration of every honest and honorable man in the republic. lie knew loo —his own conscience told him —that no gentleman could for a single mo ment receive him as an equal or look upon him as a reputable associate, except in bis official capacity ; and knowing all this, he had no right to thrust himself upon them. He had recently visited Virginia, the land of his birth his own home —and having even there met with contempt and neglect, he should have abstained from this pilgrimage to the North. * * He could not but feel and know, that all that mass of human livings desired in their hearts to hiss and hoot at the reckless traitor to professed principles and gen tlemanly conduct, instead of doing Atm honor by tlio pageant got up in honor of his accidental position. * * * And it naturally follows that he cannot and docs not appreciate the loathing which his presence here has excited among all classes of our fellow-citizens, without reference to party. » ♦ ♦ To be instrumental in any way in honoring one so treacherous and unprincipled, was gall and worm wood to all. * * * * * * * As we said before, but for the vanity and folly of John Tyler— ‘two qualities which appear so prominent in his character hut for his treachery and knavery they could be described as leading traits. * ♦ * The extraordinary language which is here applied to the Chief Magistrate of the United States, is only equalled, hut not surpassed by the terms of reproach heaped upon him by the “American” of this city, the “Atlas” of Boston, and other similar journals. Yet the clique of society, whose words and opinions these journals only reflect, pretend to possess all the virtue, morals, intelligence, education and gentlemanly qual ities of the land. They are, in fact, the only class of citizens in this happy, free and equal land, who pre tend to set up as exclusive in society, as a species of aristocracy —as persons of higher birth and nobler purposes than the masses of jicople around them. The morobrious language used by these journals arc not isolated examples of blackguardism they are, in fact, samples of the precise character and style which prevail in the parlor —in the counting room— in the drawingroom —in the club room —and in all the other haunts of elegance, rascality, piety and dissi pation which characterizes that section of society. John Tyler, the President of the United States, has, no doubt, his errors “to err is human” —but lie has undoubtedly performed his public duties to the best of his abilities and [lower. Asa private gentleman, tie is amiable, honorable and open hearted —as a public man, he can show ns consistent amt honorable a career as any statesman in the country. In both capacities, or in either, he certainly does not merit to be treated and talked of as one would speak of a felon going to prison to suffer for his crimes and more especially is it extraordinary that that por tion of the press and of society, that claim to possess alt the virtue, morals, and respectability of the land, should indulge in such low, degraded, disgusting, atrocious ami shameless epithets. But the truth is this I Ircse small sections of soci ety that disgrace themselves by such conduct, aro not the sound portion of the American people or Ameri can society. The great masses that turned out on the day of reception, and behaved with gentlemanly propriety and decency, were real American society; the smalt clique who disgrace themselves by using such terms as.we have shown, when speaking of the President, arc the salt herring aristocracy the cod fish haul ton the picked mackerel elite —a class of social life composed of certified bankrupts, Wall street swindlers, piper financiers, gaping stockjob bers. with some few banks and capitalists, for them to prey upon and deceive. They are composed of that class of society, who plunder and roll the widow and orphan of their property who cheat the honest artizan and tradesman, and then take the benefit of the act. to give them standing in Wall street. They arc the coarse and vu’gar imitators of the European aristocracy —but, with the natural instincts of ignor ance and impudence, they copy their vices not their virtues. Such being the case, the vituperation of such a class of people, and such papers, do not amount to much in these days of intelligence and independence So Much for YY'.tsli ill Etonian ism. We were stopped in the street a day or j two ago, by a Washingtonian friend, who remarked that he was building 1 a house. On our expressing some surprise, he ad ’ (led, that since he had joined the Wash ingtonian Society, two years ago, he had put into his money box the sum of two hundred which had he not become a Washingtoniun, would have gone —and he pointed his finger sufficiently towards his mouth. He then related an incident which is worth recording. We will give it as near as possible in his own words: “ A short time since, an acquaintance from the country, with whom I had for merly been accustomed to drink, brought me some lumber for my house. Before settling, he asked me to go with him to get something to drink. ‘ Very well,’ said I. We then went into a place where li quor is sold, and he called for that which suited him and asked me what I would take. ‘ A glass of water,’ said I. ‘ M hat, you are not a Washingtonian!’ 1 You will think so, when you see the money with which I shall pay you/ I then took from iny pocket thirty-seven dollars in four ha’pennies, and paid him. You never saw a man so astonished. He put his glass upon the counter and left it untasted.” As may be supposed, we left our friend, gratified at such effects of Washingtoni anism. We had not gone far before we fell in with another Washingtonian friend, who wished to take the Gazette and pay for it in his work. He was a shoe-maker. He remarked that, as he was repairing a house he had recently purchased, it was difficult to get money for other purposes than that. On making enquiry iu regard to his prosperity since he had become a Washingtonian, he said that we might judge what he was. He had purchased a lot of land for S2OU, a building for SSO, had paid $25 for re moving it, and was now fitting it up. The two men were among the first members of the Bangor Washingtonian Society, and when they became so, were verily “subjects.” We have no doubt, that many of their brethren in the city, can give as good account of themselves as they. So much for Washingtonian jsm. Bangor Gazette. Enquiry and Reward. A young man, named HENRY McARDELL, born in 1819, and only son of Mr. John McArdetl, of the city of Limerick, Ireland, left that country for the United States in 1829, with the intention of re turning within a year, but there has not been any account received of him since then by his friends. His father came to this country in search of him, in July, 1812, and will pay the following rewards, with thanks, for information concerning him : $25 for any authentic account of his death, (if he has departed this life;) SIOO for his picscnt address, (if alive,) in any part of America or the West Indies; SIOOO pay able to his order, written with his own hand, and certified by a Roman Catholic Clergyman, and SSO, to tic paid to any editor who wilt procutc certain in formation relative to the said Henry McArdcll. Please to address letters to John McArdell, merch ant, No. 13, Pill Lane, Dublin; or to the care of Ste phen John Hastings, Hard-ware merchant, Limer ick, Ireland; the Editor of the Truth Teller, New York; or to Thomas D. Rice, at the office of the Georgian, Savannah, Ga. June 8, 1 From the New York Herald. The dreadful consequences of the protective sys tem are seen in the present condition of the English iron districts. Some of the largest Welsh iron mas ters have, it is understood, addressed recently and personally so ne strong representations to the Gov ernment on the present distressed condition of mining affairs, a condition which unimproved, may possibly lead to consequences which are to be deprecated. They are said to have stated that, without assistance from the Government, it would bo impossible much longer to afford employment to their work-men. They confessed to their own alarm at the consequences of discharging them; the fear indeed which had long operated to prevent their adventuring upon such an extreme measure. But, it was added, necessity had no law, and unable to meet tlie payment of wages, they must, witho .it aid, proceed to blow out their fires. The proprietary of one concern alone, stated that by resort to such a desperate hut inevitable course, no fewer than sixteen thousand persons, that is work men with their families dependent, would absolutely by the cessation of their own works alone, be thrown out of bread and upon the world. The Government, it was replied and justly, could not interfere, for in such case every trade in a state of depression must have a similar claim and could not be denied. With accumulated stocks and no outlet for clearing them away, it will be impossible longer to keep their furnaces in blast and employ or pay their work peo ple. The price of bar iron, at the present moment, rules only at the rate of about -It per ton ; some five or six years ago, with works in full activity and or ders for all the make possible, the prices ranged at 10/, 91, and even 11/ perton. Pig iron about the same time was worth about 7/ or 7/ 10s perton. The iron masters assert that at 4/ per ton their loss upon every ton cannot be estimated at less than 255, some say 30s, per ton for bar iron, which is the principal make in the two counties named. The statement of the owners of certain large works may, therefore, readily lie credited to almost the full extent, when they assert that they are and have been suffering an actual loss at the rate of 45,000/ a year. There are other of their neighbors more or less in the same predicament at to amount of loss and extent of works. There are various concerns, or different works under one and the same proprietary, whose total make reaches io from 30,000 to 40,000 tons a year. The theory of Protectionists is to “ encourage the investment of capital in domestic manufactures,” in order to “ reduce the prices.” In England the Gov ernment has “encouraged” large districts into a par ticular business, and now after being so • protected” they want the Government to pay the wages tor them. They have undoubtedly a. good a Tight to demand this as that their fellow citizens should he prevented from importing for their benefit. From the Camden Journal. “ The Causes of Hurd Times.” Read the extract which we publish below, from a lecture in the June number of Hunt’s Merchant’s Magazine. It is painfully true, that one of the most poiverfulcauscs of hard times, is the low state of pub lic morals. llow many laborers and mechanics have been forced to take refuge in the poor house, through the agency of those sinks of iniquity —the dram shops'? How many of the sons of those who fill high places in our country, the wcalt .y and great of our land have been ruined by their frequent visits to the fashionable “Restaurants” and “Saloons” which abound in every city in the Union ? How many have arisen from the gambling tables of these “bells” and gone forth to the commission of the darkest deeds of crime 1 Alas, the newspapers of the present day, furnish us with a tearful record —a heart-sickening answer to each of the queries. Murder, forgery and theft, are not confined now-a-days to the lower classes of society; too often do we sec those, to whom their friends and their country looked with fond anticipa tions for a bright and glorious career, swept from the bosom of friends and society, leaving behind them a name to he remembered only with sorrow, and as a warning to those who succeed them. But this will ever be the case, so long as parents furnish no stated employment for their sons, so long as they encourage and nourish habits of vice and immoralitv by giving them a free use of money. Thank God, amidst the general gloom of our moral darkness, a bright star has arisen, and is now in the ascendant; it is the harbinger of joy and gladness to our country; it sheds its calm but bright effulgence alike upon the p.ilace and the cottage; it brings into anew exist ence the prostrated energies of man’s nature; it calms the angry flood of passions, which rages in the human breast, and wherever its holy influence has been shed, health has di-lodged disease, prosperity has turned poverty out of doors, and brutality and degradation are no longer the frequent characteristics i of our race. Oh! who can enumerate the hle-ssings jof the Temperance Return who can sum up the ' amount of peace and happiness, which it has brought to the families of thirty thousand reformed drunkards? Yes, in the blessed pledge of the Washingtonians, is a powerful remedy for the hard times; most of the other causes will yield to the influence of healthful sobriety. Blot out drunkenness from onr land, and ninr-ienlhs of the crime which now slain our history as a people, will be forever banished from among us. •Another cause of hard times is, alow state of the public morals. Not only is intelligence necessary to guide people in tbo right expenditure of money, but moral principle. It requires a high pitch of virtue to sustain great prosperity in the individual. Much more does it so in a nation. As soon as any surplus is created which might be employed for good purpo ses, there is always something invented to turn it to bad ones. The young, as soon as they become pos sessed of means, instead of employing them in per sonal improvement or honorable enterprise, are apt to plunge into reckless dissipation,corrupt all who come within the sphere of their influence, and, sooner or later, themselves become a burden upon society. Who arc the tenants of our poor-houses, our prisons, and our penitentiaries ? They are the wrecks of our j young men, who have spent their best years in riot ous living. Every dram-shop, then, which you see throughout tl c length and hreudth of tlifc; vast coun try, where the laborer spends the money which should buy hii children’s 1 read, or the idlerdro[ sin to waste the money he neverrarned, in purchasing the means of transforming himself from an idler into a sot, a vagabond, and a brute, is a cause of hard times. Ev ery kn >t of gamblers which you see at the corners of the streets, shining in the spoils of honest industry, and gloating on the wreck of families and foitunes, is a cause of hard times. Every lottery office, whose doors and windows are plastered all over with lies and deception, where the servant and the house maid, the porter and the drayman, are cheated out of the wages of their sufferings and their toils, is a cause of hard times. Every horse race, which collects to gether a cloud of profligates, high and low, just as the carcass draws together a multitude of obscene and filthy birds, where old villains come to exercise their vocation, and young ones come to learn theirs, is a cause, and a most prolific cause, of hard times.” Very I ate from Europe. By the steamer Charleston, Capt. Barden, we last evening received the Charleston papers, of yesterday, and from our attentive Correspondents of the Courier | office, Wilmer & Smith’s European Times, of the \ 4th inst., and the New York Herald, (extra) of | Monday, with the Foreign Intelligence, and the New • York Sun and Philadelphia U. S. Gazette of Mon day. ' The intelligence from Ireland is of absorbing in ! tcrest, and is of a character to excite the deepest sym- I patliy of the American people, for a tountry denied the blessings of constitutional liberty. At New York on the 18th inst. Ifi shares United Slates Bank of Pennsylvania stock sold at G 3-4 ; 30 do. do. at 5 7 8. The steamer Columbia, arrived at Boston on the 18th inst. and brings advices from Liverpool to the i 4th inst. The Liverpool market, it will be seen, remains much in the same stale as last noticed. Tlie lower qualities of American Cotton, if any thing, had a downward tendency. From Wilmer Smith's European Times of Vh inst, and J rum the -V. V. 1L riUd, Ilxira, 12/A inst. Arrival of the Steamship Columbia. Continuation of Repeal Movements in Ireland. Disturbances in Wales, Russia, Spain, Hunga ry, &c. The Columbia arrived at Boston yesterday morn ing, a'»out 7 o’clock, bringing Livrr|>ool dates to tlie 4lh, and London to tlie evening of the 3d inst. The news, especially from Ireland, is of high im portance. Great inactivity appears to prevail in all branches of trade. Inland absorbs, at the present moment, the exclu sive attention of the British Ministry and the British people. The Repeal movement continues to make the most gigantic strides, the whole country is in a fearful state of excitement, and Mr. O’Connell, after visiting Cork and various other parts of Ireland, has returned to Dublin. During his sojourn in the prov inces, hundreds of thousands of his countrymen con gregated at his back, and his progress resembled a continuous ovation from his cutset until his return. He addressed them, on every occasion, in the most inflammatory strain, condemnatory of the British connexion, while he poured out the most unmeas ured vituperation and ridicule against Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington and Lord Brougham. The great bulk of Ihe Catholic Clergy have thrown them selves headlong into the movement, the rent comes pouring in by thousands of pounds per week, and all classes seem to regard a crisis at hand. There is no middle course. Troops are daily [muring into the country; Government steamers are constantly engaged between the tower of London and the Pigeon House, Dublin, in carrying and landing arms ; the Castle in the latter city is being placed in a state of defence, and every thing shows that the Government antici pates an immediate outbreak; several magistrates who are opposed to Mr. O’Connell’s views have thrown up their commissions in disgust, and from the same cause, a number of barristers and others who have hitherto kept aloof from the agitation, have swelled Mr. O’Connell’s ranks. Foremost amongst these new and superior recruits, is the son of the late Master of the Rolls, Sir Michael O’Loghlen, who, in a spirited letter, denouncing the gagging system of the Lord Chancellor with great vehemence, sent in his adhesion to the Corn Exchange tactics. The little Principality of Wales has been giving sonic uneasiness of late to the “ powers that he.” The southern portion, more especially, has been the scene of a series of emeutes, which show an unhealthy tone of feeling among the peasantry. Hitherto, their depredations have been confined to midnight crusades against toll-bars, and toll-keepers, by bands of eon federated laborers yclept “ Rebecca and her Daugh ter ;” but recently their boldness has become more audacious and the magistrates have it in contempla tion to place the disturbed districts under military . surveillance. Scotland has been the scone of a rcligh us move ments the most important in its consequences, the most extended in its ramifications, which has taken place since the time of the Reformation. Nearly 500 Ministers the heart’s blood of the Church, embra cing all that are most distinguished for learning, tal ent. and energy have seceded from the Kirk, and thrown themselves upon the voluntary principle,rath er than submit to an interference in matters of discip line with the civil power. Another conspiracy was said to have been discov ered in the Turkish army, which had in view the de thronement of the Sultan and the placing of hi* broth er on the throne. The difficulties between Turkey and Persia are assuming-a more belligerent aspect, and the media tion oflhc European governments is seriously talked of. The American ship-of-the-!ine Columbus, and the frigate Congress, arrived at Toulon on the 18th ult. The whole ol the American squadron, consisting of five sail, was shortly to rendezvous in that harbor.