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From the New York Herald. Offer to Assassinate O’C'onne'l. The Great Western arrived this morn ntr at a quarter past three o’clock, bring ng dates trom Liverpool of the 17th in>st., and from lxjndon to the evening of the 10th. She was boarded hv I’iiot boat J. E. Davidson, ISO miles S. E. Sandy Hook yesterday morning at 10 o'clock. The Caledonia. Capt. Lott, arrived at Liverpool on Tuesday from Hallifax. She sailed from that place on the 3d, .and from Boston on the Ist. She brought sixty-four passengers, and made the run from Hallifax in ten days. It is rumored that the Westmoreland and Cumberland Yeomanry Cavalry have received orders to hold themselves in readiness to be called out on actual duty at a moment’s warning. A meeting, announced by* the high sheriff of Kent, was held on Friday week, on Penenden Heath, to petition Parliament against the Canada Corn Bill and for fu.l and effectual protection to agriculture, and every branch of indus try. Several cargoes of wheat, of inferior quality have been taken out of bond, and shipped to the Baltic and to Denmark. The price of some was as low as 20s. per qr. From recent official documents it ap pears, that there were in January, 1830, in the English army—of Englishmen ; 41,329; of Scotchman, 13,800; of Irish men, 42,894; and in January, 1840, there were in the same force —of Englishmen, 51,559 ; of Scotchmen, 15,232; ot Irish men, 41,218. The Weekly of to-day will contain a full report of the foreign news. Ireland. The agitation of the repeal of the Un ion continues with unabated violence. At the Dublin Corn Exchange on the sth, the repeal rent amounted to £904, the largest yet received, except that of the p revious week, which included some ex traordinary returns made at Mr. O’Con nell’s great meeting in Tipperary. Troops have been poured into the country in great numbers. At the close of the last week the force in Ireland amounted to six divisions of artillery ; six regiments and a squadron of cavalry ; twelve battal lions and twenty-two depots of infantry. Rear-Admiral Bowles arrived at King ston on Friday, in a steamer. The ad miral originally formed the coast guard of Ireland. On the same day arrived the Rhodanianlhus, with a company of Roy al Marine Artillery, and stores; the men were stationed in the Pigeon-house fort. The last squadron of the Third Dra oons arrived on Saturday. The Queen’s Bays have also arrived, the last division on Tuesday. The Cyclops war steamer with 400 marines, and an immense quan tity of ammunition, arrived at Cove on Saturday. Subsequently arrived the Me teor, Alban, and Myrtle, with more ma rines and military stores; and the Mala bar 72. A large quantity of ammunition was received at Carlow on Tuesday evening, under escort, from Ordi nance jDffice. A report reached Dublin on Saturday the 4th that there was “an insurrection” in Waterford, and the Rhadamanthus was hastily despatched with troops. A correspondent of the Dublin Evening Post, writing on Sunday, descriltes the arrival, while the usual Sunday loungers were promenading on the quay : “We had a grand scene here yesterday. Five companies of the Sixty-first arrived in a steamer at the quay, about half past 12. The men were all drawn up with loaded arms and bayoneLsJlixed, on the dock. The vessel cautiously approached the quay, and a serjeant was then sent on shore to rcconoitre. His first inquiry of the few stragglers who went to look at them was “ls the barracks took yeti,” and being told not, he asked, “how far off are the rebels 7” It appears that some people have hoaxed Earl de Gray.” The Rhadamanthus returned to Dub lin at five o’clock on Wednesday morn ing. ‘ It appears that some wag hoaxed the government into a belief of the non-ex istent “insurrection.” The subject has been referred to in the House of Com mons, when Lord Eliot threw the blame on the commander in {lreland ; but the Lord Lieutenant, it is understood, was the party duped. The “Cork Examiner” has a story about “Repeal irr the Army;” the catas trophe of which is, that some drunken soldiers at Cork, when arrested by some' sober soldiers and police, called out, ‘hur rah for repeal !” some hundreds [of by standers being “greatly excited.” The dismissal of magistrates for coun tenancing repeal agitation continues. The following are mentioned as having been superseded:—Mr.de Verden, Mr. Ca leb Powell, M. P., Mr. Joseph Myles Mc- Dounell. The voluntary resignations are more numerous:—Mr. John Hya cinth Talbof, Mr. James Sinclair, Mr. Patrick Curtis, Mr. Maurice Power, Mr. Kean Mahoney, Mr. Patrick Teuan, Mr. James Mathews, Mr. Thomas Ennis,Mr. G. Delaney, Mr. F. Coymn, Mr. W. F. Finn, Mr. John Mackler, of Trim; Mr. Francis Coymn, of Galway. The Repeal demonstration at Kilken ny, on the Bth, is described as having been great. There were, it is said, up wards cf 300,000 people present, inclu ding from 11 to 12,000 horsemen. Mr. O’Connell in addressing this vast multi tude said : “Is there a band within hear ing 7 If there be, let them play tip “God save the Queen.” [More than a dozen bands here played up the national an them, the entire vast multitude remain ing uncovered".. At the termination of the air three hearty find deafen in? cheers were given for the Queen.] I will now give you another subject to cheer—three cheers for the Queen’s army—the bravest army in the world. [Tremendous cheers] Three cheers for the Irish people —the most moral, the most brave, the most temperate, and the most religions people on the face of the earth. (Great and long continued cheering.) At the Com Exchange meeting on the 6th, Mr. CXConnell ridiculed tlve buslie among the officials and the military, the much-talked -of rebellion was invisible, but the soldiers would be employed in aiding to collect the poor-rates next win ter “in distiaining blankets and pots with that view.” He had just heard of a gentleman who had brought his family from Wexford to Dublin, to be safer in consequence ot the rebellion that was to breakout that morning. After referring to 1.0.d John Russell’s denial that he haJ l>een offered the post of Chief Baron, a fact which he (Mr. O’Connell) asserted three times in the House of Commons, in the presence of ministers, which they never denied, he described the denial as “some little piece of trickery on the part of the whigs which he did not understand. Mr. O’Connell then proposed an address to the people of Ireland. The novelty in it was some reply to two principal ob jections against Repeal. One objection was, that there would be a Cathoiic as cendancy ; the answer was, that there was no danger of it; that in reducing the Protestant Establishment, regard would lie laid to vested interests and the rights of incumbents ; that the funds would not lie devoted to any other establishment; and that the Catholics would have no object in desiring an ascendancy. The other objection was the fear of the land lords at the contemplated “fixly of ten ure” for tenants ; the reply was much ar gument in favor of the alteration of the law, ns tended to the prosperity and peace of Ireland. The address was adopted. The rent received on that day was £3lO. The Dublin Gazette of the sth con tains a proclamation, stating that on the night of the 2diust., at about 10 o’clock, Mr. John Burke, J. P., of Tintrim, in the county of Galway, East Riding, as lie was passing through his hall, was fired at by some person at present unknown. The Lord Lieutenant Inis offered £IOO reward for apprehending and bringing the assassin to justice. There was an affray between the po lice and peasantry at Carrickmacross, on the sth. As Mr. Wilcox and a Mr. Ber ry, accompanied by twenty-eight pol.ee men attempted to post ejectment notices at the chapels of Maheraciorte and Cor duff, against tenants of Mr. Shirley ; the people obstructed them; Mr. Wilcox read the Riot Act; the people did not dis perse at once ;he gave orders to fire ; sev eral persons were wounded, and one man was killed on the spot. A letter from Dublin, dated June 11th, gives the following details of Mr. O’Con nell’s movements for some time to come. After addressing his hundreds of thou sands at Kilkenny on Thursday, he pro ceeded to Cork yesterday, and will arrive at Mallow this day, where another da monstration of physical lbrce will come off. The usual precautions have been taken by the authorities to prevent a breach of the peace, and accordingly a troop of the 10th Hussars, from Balinco iig, and two companies of the 56th Regi ment, under the command of Major Leighton, have been ordered to the place of meeting. From Mallow he goes to Skibbereen, in oliedience to a requisition forwarded to him from that locality, signed by about 70 persons, and ot these 70 no fewer than 38 are the names of Roman Catholic priests. The great county of Cork being then left in a state of wholesome excitement, in its whole breadth from east to west, the county of Clare will be the next scene in the pro gramme, whence he will pass on to Con naught, visiting Athlonc, Galway, proba bly Tuam, and then return to head quar ters in Dublin. After assuring his hearers that noth ing could prevent the repeal being carried if the people were peaceable, he said I suppose you have heard of the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel having come down to parliament one fine even ing, and declared that they would prevent the Repeal of the Union even at the ex pense of a civil war. We will not go to war with them, but let them not dare to go to war with us. Tremendous cheer ing, which continued for some minutes. We will act on the defensive, and believe me, men of Kilkenny, there is no power in Europe, that would dare attack you and the people of Ireland, when they keep themselves in the right and act on the defensive only. Hear, hear. They threatened us with this civil warfare, blit we only langhcd at them, and you are at liberty to laugh at them again. Cheers and laughter. I hurled back my indig nant defiance to them from the Repeal Association, and told them what I now tell you, that we never would violate the law, or commit any violence, but that wc have hands enough to defend our own heads, if they dared to attack ns. Great cheers. What was the consequence 7 The great Duke of Wellington and the crafty Sir R. Peel pulled in their horns a little, and they said they did not mean to attack ns. Langhtcr. But they have sent over 33,000 shillings every day while they remain in the country. ft would be a kind of little repeal of the Union in itself. At tire banquet in the evening he said, alluding to the great assemblage he had seen in the morning. What a waste of physical force have we not witnessed to day. We stand at the head of a body of men that, if organized by military discip line,would be quite abuudant for the con quest of Europe. W ellington had never such an army as we saw to-day. There was not at W aterloo on both sides so many sfoirt, active, energetic men as we saw here to-day. Oh ! lint it will be said they were not "disciplined ! If you tell them what to do yon will have them all disciplined in an hour. Great and con tinued cheering. Do you not think they t were as well able to walk in order ; ft r a j baud as if they woie led coats, and that they would be as ready to obey their re peal wardens as if they were serjeants and captains? The ususal weekly meeting of the Re peal Association took place on Monday, the 12th, at the Corn Exchange, Dublin. A Presbyterian clergyman,named La wry, from the north of Ireland, filled the chair, and in the absence of Mr. O’Connell, ap pears to have played the first fiddle. The amount of the rent for the week was an nounced to lie £1,71< lls. 10 3-4d. The enthusiasm was beyond all description, the immense mob outside the building joining in the cheers from the inside. An Anti-Repeal meeting took place in Belfast on Friday' week. The meeting was an assemblage of the Orange and Ul tra-Tory party in the town;, and the speeches accordingly were of the usual violent “no Popery” character. Notwithstanding the excitement which prevails about the Repeal the country' is in a very quiet state. The Manchester Guardian of Wednesday says—“ W'e conversed, last evening, with a gentleman who had been travelling through the so-called ‘disturbed districts,’ during the last three months: and he as sures us, that though he has pursued his . way alone, at all hours, on highroads and byeroads, though he has I een at fairs and markets, in aim >st every part of Ireland, j he has never seen more quietness, or ex perienced more of the kiuduess of the . Irish people, than in the course of that | period. The fairs and markets are now, | he says, very rarely marked by any ex- j cess or intemperance; and when he i reached Dublin he expressed his surprise at finding a series of fortifying prepara tions going on at the Castle, the sentinels at the banks of Ireland doubled, which was done on Friday last, when Ireland : so far ns he had seen, was as tranquil as he had ever known it. He ventured to ask the meaning of all this, and especially what called it forth ; and he was inform- ■ ed, with a mysterious look, that it was j not so much the result of the internal state of Ireland, as the consequence of some secret intelligence from France! And in this way the officers of the Castle endea vor to suggest .a reason for the “dreadful note of preparation’ now heard from one end of the country to the otiier. Offer to t.orernmeiit »o Assassinate Mr* O’Connell. Several obscure reports were current on Friday week, that a person had made an offer to government to assassinate Mr. O’Connell. Government obtained a war rant for the apprehension of this person, at Bow-street on W ednesday week ; he was arrested at Gloucester on Thursday, and on Saturday he was examined at the Home Office before Mr. Hall, the magis trate ; Sir James Graham and Mr. Man ners Sutton being present. Sir J. Gra ham received at his private residence in Hill street, Berkeley Square, a letter bear ing the Gloucester post office stamp, da ted “Gloucester, sth June,” and signed ‘Samuel Mayer.’ The letter was couched in very rambling language, relating chiefly to Irish politics, and it contained the following sentence—‘l-will undertake as I may be advised, to run the risk of my life against O’Connell’s.’ Mr. Mayer explained, that he wrote the letter on Sat urday evening, after dinner, under the influence of wine and of a conversation with some friends on Irish politics. He had no intention of sending the letter; but he put it into his pocket, in which hap pened to be a letter to his mother; and by mistake he next posted the wrong let ter. On discovering his blunder, he in tended to write an explanatory letter; hut his friends npviscd him not, as Sir J. Graham would obviously regard the let letter as a mere effusion under the excite ment of wine. He expressed his extreme regret at his folly, and produced testimo nials of excellent character from the high Sheriff of Gloucester, and other very res pectable persons. After a few remarks from Mr. Hall, the prisoner was ordered to enter into his own recognizances in the sum of £2OO, and find sureties in £IOO each, for his appearance at the July Ses sions of the Criminal Court, to answer any indictment which might be prefer red against him. . Two gentlemen who accompanied him from Gloucester, im mediately entered into the required sure ties, and he was forthwith released. Pub’ic .tleetins in Oglethorpe County-, Ga. At a meeting of the State Rights Party of Oglethorpe county, opposed to a Pro i tective Tariff and to the election of the j Hon. Henry Clay to the Presidency, held at the Court House, in Lexington, oti Sat urday, the first July, iust., on motion of Dr. James S. Simms, Lewis J. Dupree, Esq. was appointed Chairman, and John Crawford Esq. Secretary. Dr. James S. Simms moved that a com mittee of five be appointed by the Chair man to draft resolutions expressive bf the : opinions of this meeting—whereupon tire I following gentlemen were appointed, vi£: j Dr. James S. Simms, Capt. Henry P. Hill, i I)r. Robert B. James, Alexander A. Allen, | Esq. and Capt. Thos. R. Andrews, who, having retired for a short time, returned with the following resolutions, viz: 1. Resolved, That die construction of the constitution by Mr. Clay and the par ty to which he belongs, takes from the people the security for their liberties, in i tended to be provided by our forefathers | in the formation of the government, and is especially dangerous to slaveholders, who have no other security' for the peace ful enjoyment of their property against the legislation of a prejudiced majority. 2. Resolved , That the assumption of the debts of the Slates, by' the general government—the establishment of a Uni ted States Bank, and other measures of a kindred character, advocated by' the Whigs, would tend to give to the gen eral government an increased power, of controlling the independent action of the St: t3«, and the popular will, and to lessen the responsibilily of ihe President and i the members of Congress to their consti tuents, and thereby take from the people and the States their control over the ope rations of the government, indispensable to its faithful administration. 3. Resolved, That the protective tariff system imposed upon u» by the efforts of Mr. Clay, forces one-third of the popula tion to pay two-thirds of the revenue, and at the same time diminish the price of their prodnetions in foreign markets, where they must be sold--and enhances the price of what they must buy at home, for the purpose of increasing the profits of the labor of ihe two-thirds, who pay but one-third of the revenue—that the system is unjust and partial in its opera ion, oppressive in its effect r.nd against the spirit and letter of the constitution— that it lessens general wealth, tends to produce civil discoid, and takes from the country the best security for continued peace, by obstructing the extension of a mutually beneficial commerce with for eign nations. 4. Resolved , That the distribution of the proceeds of the sales of the public lands among the States, appropriations for roads and canals within the States, unauthorized appropriations for pensions, increased appropriations for the necessary objects of government; and a large pub lic debt, favorite measures of public poli cy with Mr. Clay and his friends, are but parts of the protective system, as large expenditures secure high duties. 5. Resolved , That the passoge of the late Bankrupt law, by Mr. Clay and his friends was an usurpation of power, to do, what no gov ernment has a right to do, or would do, if fit to govern an enlight ened and honest people. 6. Resolved, That Mr. Clav’s violent opposition to the measures of Gen. Jack son’s administration, for the removal of the Indians from the State of Georgia, his abuse of Georgia for her action on that subject, forbids Georgia to support him for the Presidency. 7. Resolved, That Mr. Clay’s denun ciation in Congress of slavery, as it exists with us, “ as the darkest spot upon its (the ! country) mantle,” adds to the evidence, drawn from his American system, that he seeks to he made President, by sacrificing our interests to Northern manufacturers, and our character to gratify their preju dices. 8. Resolved, That Mr. Clay’s acknowl edged talents, eloquence, firmness of pur pose, and controlling influence over his friends, increase, Irom his election, the danger to those whose interest would be injuriously affected by principles and measures. 9. Resolved therefore, That having neither changed nor modified our politi cal principles, believing them to be true, and intending to adhere to them, we shall do now as we always have done, when Mr. Clay has heretofore been a candidate for thp Presidency, oppose his election. 10. Resolved, That the people have no interest in promoting any party organ ization, unless it be for the purpose of carrying out measures for the pio'ection of their rights and interests, and that it is to be lamented that precedent and expe diency, instead of the constitution, has become the rule of conduct in the legis lation of Congress. 11. Resolved, That Air. Van Buren has held the Presidential office for one ter.n, voted for the Protective Tariff of 1828, holds that Congress has the power under the Constitution to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia; we cannot therefore support him for the next Presi dency. 12. Resolved, That John C. Calhoun, for his sound political opinions, his emi nent qualifications ns a statesman, his strict adherence to the Constitution, his able vindication of the rights of the South, entitle him to ottr warmest support for the next Presidency. The resolutions having been read, were advocated at some length by Doct. James S. Sims, and Win. C. McKinley, Esq. when they were severally, unani mously adopted by the meeting. Mr. McKinley then offered the follow ing resolution, which was unanimously agreed to, viz: Resolved, That the nomination of Mr. Clay for President, by the ( onvention in Miliedgeville, in 1842, was not authori zed by the people of Georgia, and is such an outrage on the proud history of the free trade party, that we cannot call it by flie proud name of “ mistake,” blit we de nounce it as a desertion of the long cher ished principles of the South. On motion of Capt. Thomas R. An drews, it was ordered, that the proceed ings of this meeting be signed by the .Chairman and Secretary, and transmitted to the Editors of the Southern Recorder, and the Georgia Constitutionalist, with a request that they be published in their respective papers. On motion, it was ordered, that this meeting stand adjourned, subject to the call of the Chairman. LEWIS J. DUPREE, Ch’n- John Crawkord, Sec’y. From the Boston Post. Last luJia Cotton. Six months ago a writer in the Boston Atlas was profuse in his epithets on ihe Post for asserting that the days for prohi bitory duties were fast passing away, and for endeavoring to show that there was no danger, at present, of East India cot ton supplanting American cotton in the European market. This writer had la bored hard, about 18 months ago, to show that even our own market, without pro tection, would be inundated with foreign cotton; and that England would soon shut ours out of her ports by prohibitory duties!! The Allas said: “ E e long, the cotton of America will be driven entirely from the British mark et', by the competent production of that article in India.” * * “ That England can and soon will raise her own lotion, and will shut her ports, by a prohiLLory duty, to the cotton of America, we will show,” v£c.. This writer relied much upon isolated statistics, relating to the importation o India cotton into England. Circumstan ees forced about two hundred thousand hales from the Eastern market into th< British market. These have now chang ed, and importations of this article have fallen off. W'e notice by the last accounts the following statistics of cotton in the Liverpool Times. They give the impor tations up to April 22: “Comparative view of the imports and exports of cotton into and from the whole kingdom, from the Ist January to the 22d of April, and of the imports and exorts for the same period last year. 1843. 1842. American bags 701,205 348,132 South American 35,879 30,60 J W. Indies, Dcmerara, 1,437 447 East Indies 16,296 93,381 Egypt, &c. 12,512 6,402 All descriptions total 770,329 478,971 478,971 Increase of imports as compared with the same period of last year, 291,358 bags.” *. This statement presents a falling off in the importation of the East India article of SEVENTY-SEVEN THOUSAND BALES in three months, while there is an increase of the American article, dur ing the same period, of three hundred and fifty-six thousand bales ! So much for the indications from an increased im portation into Great Britain that India cotton will “soon” drive the American cotton from the European market! We have seen nothing more favorable respecting the cultivation of the article in India, than we have copied into the Post. A gentleman who has been o:i the ground—one of the party that went to India under the auspices of the East In dia speculators, has recently furnished the New-Orleans Tropic with an inter esting series of articles on this subject. These papers are designed to show that India can never he a great cotton grow ing country, and they agree with the views which we have taken of this sub ject. We quote a brief extract. After stating that the chief causes of the failure of the late extensive experiment were in the soil and climate, this intelligent wri ter says : “ It is a well known fact to farmers in this country, that both a long drouth, or a continued season of wet weather, are equally causes of short crops. In India both of these difficulties are to be conten l ed with, when clothed in their sternest features. In fine, the rains cease in Sep tember, then succeed a season of nine months of withering drouth and heat. To mention these facts to a practical far mer, is sufficient to produce a conviction that India can never compete with Amer ica in the growth of cotton.” So, then, the Southern cotton growers are not yet prepared to log-roll with our Northern manufacturing capitalists for a high protective tariff. It will he time enough to think of this when England shuts her ports to their produce by pro hibitory duties. And what is the prospect ahead of an increased duty on American Cottons ? Recently Lord Monteagle moved, in the House of Lords, for certain returns rela tive to the articles of cotton and wool, with a view to a reduction of the duties on those articles, W ith respect to cotton, after remarking that it differed from the corn-law subject, as here there was “no home interest to prcftect,” he said “On that article a duty of 5-16 of a penny per lb. was imposed. In conse quence of this the cotton goods of this country were placed under a great disad vantage as regarded the foreign manufac tures of cotton goods, as to the amount of that duty the foreigner was enabled to undersell us. * * * * The effect of the tax was to become very oppressive on the lower priced articles purchased whilst it was but trifling as it regarded the higher priced ones. In America the lower priced fabrics could be afforded at a low rate, in consequence of there being no duty whatever on the raw material which was on the spot. * # Let their lordships take the case of Amer ica, where they had the raw material on the spot: and was it, he begged to ask, possible for this country to maintain a competition if this duty on the raw ma terial were supported 7 He would not attempt to exaggerate the distresses of the trade and manufactures of the country. Perhaps there might be a little daylight just now, hut he was not sure that there was prospect of permanent improvement, and parliament was not justified in aggra vating the distress which was admitted upon all hands to exist. Both in the par liament and by the public, complaints were made of the adverse tariffs of other countries ; but these were in some degree created by our own tariffs—(hear, hear) —and it was in the power of parliament to relieve the manufacturers of Great Britain by taking eft' those duties which had occasioned the adverse tariffs. The returns before the House showed that the wages of labor hi the cotton trade alone amounted to 18,000,000sterlingannually, JvTSt imagine the diminution of the com forts of the people that must be produced by the abridgement of that sum to the amount of 12 per cent. In the last three years there had been a diminution of wa ges in the cotton trade to the amount o 3,650,000/. If he wished to condense the arguments against duties upon raw material to the smallest possible space, he lie could not more concisely or forcibly express them than in an extract which he read from a speech of the present firs< lord of the- treasury in the year 1836. which was to* the efleet that,, howeve. prosperous at that-period were our man ! ufactares,-it must still be remembered tha we were, in time of peace, exposed to th. j vigorous competition of other nations j and the raw material of manufacture wa s I the last article that shouid be selected fo* taxation—(hear.) He did not know what would lie the wants of the country in the next year, but he would say that if there should be an opportunity of reducing any part of the taxation of the country, there was no duty which could be more safely or properly reduced than that upon the raw material of the cotton manufactures.” The Duke of Wellington said— “ Let us wait until we see what the ex penditure of the year is before we attempt to diminish any tax—hear. If it were thought proper and fit, he went on to say, that any diminution in taxation should take place, the details would be brought forward elsewhere, and he was quite sttre that their lordships would be most happy to consent to such an arrangement— hear, hear—but he must entreat of their lord ships, h i repeated, not to interfere with the existing system until at least it was seen what the state of the revenue in comparison with its expenditure really was. For his own part, he thought that in the article of cotton that article was one which did not require a diminution of duty.” Lord Ashburton took part in the debate, chiefly refuting some of the statistical er rors Lord Monteagle made in his speech, tie said— “ For his own part, he always looked with great suspicion on duties imposed on the raw material.” But perhaps the most important senti ment is that uttered by Sir Robert Peel, at the commencement of tin* present sess ion of parliament. Speaking of the duty on cotton, he said that this duty teas to be defended on the ground of revenue alone. We have seen no proposition brought forward to add to the duties on American cotton. British statesmen and British writers, save a lot of East India speculators and crazy enthusiasts, consid er such a policy perfectly suicidal; and most persons here, save the writer in the Atlas, must deem it perfectly ridiculous. A determination to maintain the ascend ancy of her manufactures, is stronger in Great Britain than even the mock phi lanthropy that seeks to abolish slavery in foreign lands, while so much political degradation, absolute ignorance, appall ing crime, and cruel starvation exist at home. Whether we look at the importations of cotton into England, the probable suc cess of the East India speculators, or opinions in the British parliament, we see no indications of danger to the interests of this great American staple. Our agri cultural skill, aided by soil and climate our commercial enterprise, free from burdensome taxation—prudence in busi ness and a sound currency to do it with will long secure us this profitable trade. In this country alone it employs more than seven hundred millions of capital; in Europe the capital invested is already immense and rapidly increasing; and the capacity of consumption, as new markets are opened, is growing greater every day. I-’or the principal, or a fair share of the supply for all this demand, our cotton growers possess a guaranty, not in the disposition* of foreign powers, but in their interests. Americans can furnish a good article cheaper than others can; and so great is the competition among foreign manufacture s everywhere, that they must have the raw material on the most favorable terms possible, or they will lx? driven out of their own home markets by tne produce of our looms. Sfi rt Passage. Steamship Neptune, Capt. Rollins, left New Orleans on Monday, 19th ult., at 6 o’clock, arrived at the Northeast Pass be fore daylight the following morning.— Finding that there was a gale of wind blowing from the East Southeast, the captain thought it prudent to remain un til the gale subsided. Left Northeast Pass Wednesday morning the 21st, at half past seven—arrived at the bar of Key West on Friday morning, the 23d, at half past seven ; running the distance in 48 hours; remained at Key West un til Saturday morning, the 24th, and left same morning, the 26th, at half past five, performing the distance in 48 1-2 hours; left Charleston Tuesday morning, 27th, at five o’clock, and arrived at Sandy Hook the 291 h, at half past three o’clock, 58 hours, performing the distance from New Orleans to New York, running time, in 154 1-2 hours, or six days, ten hours and a half, the shortest passage on record. The passengers, who have been kind enough to furnish us with the above facts, state to us, that besides the pleasant wea ther, the judicious conduct of Captain Rollins, greatly contributed to the short ness of the voyage, and as the gentlemen inform us, contributed in every other re spect to make the passengers truly com fortable.—New- York Herald. McCulloch's Univcis'l Gaz tfc©r. Another great work is offered to the public, on the cheap system, by the broth ers Harper—a work not only great and valuable, but indispensable. It is the Universal Gazetteer, or Geographical Dic tionary of the whole world, recently pre pared with immense labor and research, by r McCulloch, the author of the celebra ted Commercial Dictionary. The Amer ican edition has copious additions and improvements, by Prof. Haskel, who is imply qualified to revise and correct that oortion of the Universal Gazetteer which r dates to the United States. There are to be seven large maps, and the price ot ihe whole work is to be only four dollar ß aid u half—eighteen large numbers, at a piarter of a dollar each.— lb. Diokxerueotype.— Mr. Whitney, .vriting to a friend in this city, says tha Jlinton, the chemist, has within a lay’s past, succeeded in fixing, by an att p > roc ess, the colors of flesh, drapery,fl 0 as, with nri the strength and vivt less of nature. I have seen forty or h; pecimens which rival in tint the most nu ished efforts of the pencil.— St- " e ß’