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POLITICAL. Fu.n the \c< York Journal of Commerce. A Xatioa it 1J ink. Judging from the ton.- of a portion of t:ie nrosjn p-rs at the Smth an 1 Southwest, there arc still, in those sections many warm advocates of a Nation .1 Ban!;; ami the favor with which they regard such an institution, appears to rest chiefly on its sup|k)se.l use fulness in rejuiMin? the exchanges, There is no need of discussing the subject, at this he J.y, wilh a view to any practical result —for tin re is not the least probability that a National Bank will ever again be established in this country. But p •ssihly it ma; console so ne of the advocates of the me .sure to .iis cover that the exchanges are in a much la-iter condi tion without such an institution, than i' ev ever were . wi.hone. In fact, a “great regulator, .1. signed to eountcVac; the immutable laws of trade, w iicli ran never he resisted with i-npunity, is in the end th greatest disturl>er of the exchanges, a we have too fatally seen. Mr. Pickens of S. C., in an a' !.- sp.-. ch. delivered on the floor of Congress, Aug. O’.h, 1811, (the whole of width would richly reward a pern* and.) presents some soon I views . n the su'd t, .adapted > > the latitu Irs and longitudes above mentioned; and also some facts mowing the state of exchanges tween different parts of the country at vari -us perio Is during the existence of the U. 8. Bank. lue views of Mr. Pickens have re vived ample confirmation, since they were presented to Congress, in t ie a I ui rablts working of the exchanges under to. free sys tem. No ponderous machinery of man's J 0..-"; has been in operation; yet the exchanges are re i luted in a manner far better than any such uuohins-. ry ever did, or ever couIJ accomplish it. [Helmet from .If.-. Pickens’ Speech] We are told that a National Bank is essential to regulate exchauges; and I rather think 'hat this as • sertion has had as much weight in the community as any other consideration. Many have been induced to believe that such was the fact. There vv is never • greater Ih! lacy. The true meaning of i al evinn is the difference between cash and a bill drawn on a given point. This could alone be regulated by the stxte of trade between tile two points. But, in t modern use of the term, it had to be con id;red as merely the diffcronee between bank n tes of different institutions, or tile difference in the price of ban;, paper. A bank note was at sjic.'ic par, or under it, according to its convertibility. Exchange is now con siJereJ the difference between the capacity of l> inks to convert their paper into specie at one paint, in their capacity at another point, lor in t.-.nc« : in the city of Augusta, I b lievc tlie banks all »u-p ti ded MMjit perhaps, the -Merchunts Hank ; and th. consequence was, that (here was a difference in foe of the papers of that in jlitutiun of so n ■ 5 too; cant. this be ex than je, tin n*t i re « - difference of live or six per cent in exchange fro n one street in Augusta to another street in the sen.- city. The same uvght be said as t> tie Il.inbur; bank, which is one side of the river, ami the banks On the other side. It is only the diffrenee in to price of hank paper, as compared withs, ie p-.r. it is mere absurdity to call it exchange, and the ur gument founded on it is a mere catchpenny argu inent. Now, in this modern ssnse of cx.\in;_ I lay down the prop ,si,, >n, that the Un I ■ Bank never did equalize ei on;-.. We . the lost bank as if we w. re to - ret . ...... Now let us look at the I.- ory of. ..< a. rf t'ao records, during the full o;. ted states Bank. 1 present y-aa ta : . Beit.de document, No 457 ; session of ISo7-38. Prices of bank noUi throngtout Tie y ,r I>lß. Maryland, C to 10 and from 2 to 150 p:r et dis. N. Carolina, 3to 4 “ sto G S. Carolina, Ito 3 per cent discount. Georgia, 3ta -1 u Tennessee, -1 to 5 and Iro nßto 10 peret di Kentucky, C to 10 per cent discount. Ohio, G to 10 “ Prices of bin!: notes throughout the year ISO. Country banks of Pennsylvania, 4 per cl di- Maryland, * 3 to 4 “ Country banks of New York, 3 to 4 “ Virginia, 3 to 4 “ North Carolina, sto 10 “ South Carolina, 3to 8 ‘‘ Georgia, 3to 15 “ Tennessee, 15 to 23 “ Kentucky, 10 to 25 “ Ohio, 15 to 20 “ Prises of lank notes throughout the year 1820. Boston, 1 to 2 per et dis. Massachusetts ro.intry banks. 2to 4 Pennsylvania country banks, 3to 4 Virginia, 1 to 3 i: South Carolina, 1 to 3 “ Georgia, 1 to 3 “ Tennessee, nrpriec. Kentucky, no price. Oiiio, 15 to 05 “ IT.l T . S. branch hanks generally, 12 “ f V. S. b’k at Portsmouth, N. FT. 2 to # 4 “ U. S. branch b’k at Boston, Mass. 2 “ U. S. hr. b'lt nt Middletown, Ct. 12 to 4 “ Prices <f bank ruffes throughout the year IS2I. Alriine, 4 per < t. dis. Rhode island, 2 “ New York country banks, 1 to G ■' Pennsylvania country banks, Ito 3 “ North Carulina, 2to 4 “ South Carolina, 1 to 4 “ Georgia, 1 to 5 “ Tennessee, no sales. Kentucky bank and branches, 30 “ These are not the extreme, Imt the average, There are separate tables, containing tile discount of t .is. banks that were greater than the average quoted, w! ich amount to 50 and 80 per cent discount, vie , in the same period. Prices of bank n tes in Philo .’ Iphiathro■ at l year 1825. Blaine and N. Hampshire. Ito 2 1-2 per ct dis New York country banks, 2to 3 “ North Carolina, 3 to 4 " South Carolina, 1 to 2 “ Georgia, 2 to 3 " Alabama. 10 to 13 ** Mississippi, 10 “ Tennessee, 20 “ Kentucky, 45 to 50 “ Ohio, 5 to 8 “ Prices - r be -V ic V throughout the year 1327. Maine and N. Eng’d gch’llv, 1 to 2 I 2 per ct dis New York country, 1 to 3 “ AVestrrn Virginia, ! 3 to 4 11 North Carolina, 3 to 5 “ Alaba na, 10 to 25 Louisiana, 5 “ Natchez, G 11 Tennessee, 10 " Kentucky, 30 to 40 Ohio, 4to 5 11 Michigan, 10 “ Prices of bank notes throughout the j -r 1828 * North Carolina 6 to 12 i er ct dis. Georgia, 2to 4 *• Alabama, 20 to 25 “ New Orleans, 4to 6 “ Mississippi, 6 to 7 “ Tennesse, 10 “ Kentucky, * 25 >• 1 briiove that thousands ’have been induced ' ■ think that the last United Mates Bank made all these tilings equal. Now, if a national bank could rc?o uh.lv this km I of exchange, it could do so by pursu ing the same course it did in 182 ' are: 1821, when it !I ide lile attempt. YV hat was then the o|k ration ! Its branches, part; ulariv in the west and south and southwest, got [sisscssinn of her local eireulation, and ran up >n to. local batiks for S's'cie to strengthen tl.e mother and central nranehes at Philadelphia and New Yolk ; the result of which would be toimncen trate all the sjMvie of the country in its own vaults. With its pu die deposilcs, ami tile di.-hurse.T.ebts id the national revenue, no local bank could stand its operations. In Isl’d, 1320 and 1321, it broke al nosl every bank in the west and southwest. The country was prostrated un ler il ; and such must ini lit.tely be again the operation of a central Government insti tution. vv ith its branches in the remote St.-tes. It will use the power and resources of the federal revenues to oppress soil ruin mtr local institutions. lam not left to conjecture in this matter. It was the his! ry of the last bank. Mr. Biddle avowed the policy ip a communication, as president of that institution, to a commit!, i- of Congress, dated loth April, loJ2. lie used tile following language : “ file whole torec of the institution was therefore directed to strengthen that place, (New York ;) and liie distant brandies were directed to avoid incommo ding il; and the Atlantic bram ln s near to them, by drafts upon them ; but to pay their balances to the n with as little delay as the convenience of their res pective localities would permit, 't his is the whoe policy of the bank in the I -st six months. It will be seen therefore, that without a diminution there is an actual increase of business in New York, and a large increase of tile domcs'ie bills at the branches ; the in crease in New York being for the purpose of pro tecting th interests there, and the increase of the rc iniUan.es being from the wist and l ie south to sus tain New York and the northern Atlantic branches. In assuming this part on the present occasion, the bauk deemed itself only a-ting as it was designed to act by the Congress which created it, and placing it s-If in its true natural altitude to the Government and to tin- country.” I think Mr. Clo ves an I Mr. Biddle have both de clared that there was no period of their presi b-n.-y of that in dilution when they could not, if they h i I cho sen, have exercised it-s power sons to have prostrated any lo al bank they might think proper. Il is a strange inf,tu itiim to see men rawer to place the lo cal institutions, particularly ot the sooth and west, at the mercy of such an institution. Arc we prepa id to sacrifice o:r local stockholders, who have vested tin ir all ii) our M ite litnks fur th - interest of a ne.v ecntrd Governmi nt h.o.k ! It arises from the Illu sion as to excbaiig s. Crc he such a bank, and i: it gives you a circulation th.it shall be equal evirv w here, it can only be done bv making is pip r equal to gold an I silver; and if it be equal to gold and sil ver. it wait then require as much product-, or as mucu of any tiling, to gi t ;; as to got gold and silver. If your lot a' paper be not convertible t on, it will require just as much of th ,t to procure the moie-y of a l nite-d M,n s Ban!; as it vianld !o procure gold and silver no.v. or av til ihl ■ fun Is. 'l'bc local j>i|j -r Woul I l-e just as mu- uin low tho United Mates st in d trd as it Would oe l«-!,nv sp. cie par—that is, if the United Mat* s Bank piper should be equal eva-iv where; and it would nniv be so. because of its i-q .ui - ity. wit . the specie st.ui.lar I. And this I have dem onstrate I fro n the price of bank paper, which 1 have years of tin-existence of the last bank; to tiiis might be added the cost ol transgiortation of specie. Now, then, when you establish branches of a national in stitution. and in die its eireulation equal to gold and silver, then will commence the svle.u of oomiurin v the piper ot your ■ late institutions with that of the branch at the nearest point : and t ie const q.ience w ill be, that private broker aje will be tran-fmied to l a otiiiters of the branch, and your local pap. r wdl Ih shaved there. T'ro n its connection with the revenues of the Go vernment and a central institution sustain -.1 by pu » Isc deposites, it will g.q control of fictitious e.\. iia.i ges, and, as an inevitable ronsequenep, will saer lice, in emergency, the distant points to sustain tile centre. It cannot be, nor ever has been otherwise. This kind of equalizing exchanges is all nominal. There may be only one-half or thre --fourths per cent, be tween the Uranen and the central institution ; but the circulation of tite local banks will be still below par, in exact proportion to their convertibility at a com * from the tables presented. It will just take the same amount oi local paper, JJr of produce, to obtain the general and cqu and f.dWi! ition, under that sy-tem, :1 s it does to procure spqeie, with the exception of the cost of transportation. Any two specie pi inis i.te now equal in exchange, oxeep.t as to cost oftr.n.s prrtation and the differen ein trade. Productive la bor call receive ni a Ivcntage from gnv ot'ji r syst. :u than the preservation of the specie stand ,rd ; arid that can be done by this min.im cent using if entirelv in its dues and disbur—men's, and by I'k- t ges i a .’ii r ring convertibility in their local institutions. *' etn; arc these ra'es vv h fi—e now preva-li;, and be!. Id hie • ifiereiK-t-s. —E is. J. C. Lfxemngcs including ( - r! rates and ( ill s. Octuher 27, 1813, Boston, _ }o 4 dis. Columbus, 1J all dis. tdpliin, pt r ai " S . . , j a I “ B'dtiniore par uj “ dl-' n-, par a I pm A iisb'n, D C., * * N.O.ienns, i alf “ liielitiiuiid, 1 a i “ S. I, ..i , ,-p. If a II d.s •i-- gh. It a it “ Lotiigvi le, 1 :t If * H ilmiiigton, Is a1 ’* Uineiiuiati It a 2 “ Charlestoo, Ia 1 “ N isii.ui -, 2 a-I “ V.gustn, ia 1 “ Apalachicola, ia “ Macon, 1 a—“ dir. Calhoun The following beautiful trib-it • to Mr. Calhoun is from the closing paragraphs of “IT IP RA ih '’ 1. c eoinniunieation, the able and eloqm -it cor-.. -pan ! nt . . ItL i trutiiful tribute to the moral, public, and private character, and transcend-.!nt must of that gre t statesm m. YVhen in tile history of our own time—wber . with tlie , x erption of our Washington, or a Ha n-i len, in the history of all ti'ne p<st, bright and sp o ulin r as it is c n another example be tbiin I of a puVir ::i ,n cc :i billing ill hi ns-. If ail t he virtu -s of !..e m >st Bill th - in private, w ith tile t 10-i.ls and patriotism of the no *•’ -'i *nen in pul-iic ii i-1 Where i- the man ,-alhng hi as. if ui Ami (ican, that is not just! ' f Where has Liberty and our glorious free instiluti-inz an admiring votary on earthy, it d.«> n.c t or., r him: lii distiir! in«r the current of his u tud pursuits, and eomiuif forwai-i to address itis cguntryuieu, tlto writer of these es says sincerely prays, that he has been free from every influence, inconsistent witii the impulses of a lofty | .ttHolism, and an carne t and uuse!fidi desire to advance the high interest of ins country. Whatever fact ite has staled—whatever argument he has ursred —whatever cord sideralion he lias liroufflit forward, to form a motive with the public, lie consci entiously believes to test on die firm foundations of truth, lie fieliev&s the perfect preponderance of truth—the com plete establishment of pure principle, es sential to the lull development of human aptitude, to social enjoyment, nud to our attaining to the degree of earthly beati lude, for winch we were designed by the author of our being. None can describe ! the slitiff of remorse, ity which lie would he torture i,il lie were intentionally acces sary to the betrayal of itis country into a false position, though' his agency, or his sophistry, might forever e.cape all hu man ken. Animated as he humbly hopes, by mo tives which can bring no tinge of shame to the cheek of the patriot, or of the phi losopli r; he seeks to direct attention to such facts itoii considerations as he deems should influence the decision of a virtu ous people, in selecting the chief magis trate of a mighty nation —a nation whose rapid rise and marvellousness greatness might excite the wonder of the world. In recurring4o the history of the past, we find the fathers oi - the country often I •■•n'lg voluntaryte tit u-ov to the visi ble display of the Divine Hand, in deliv ering them from the peril of impending evil. In contemplating the general gloom, which now darkens the lowering firma ment, the attention of the nation is irre sistible directed to an American states man. whose mental energy and attain ments; whose moral aptitude and phys ical fitness--would s em'odesignatehim as the'human agent in the hands of Prov idence, to work out a glorious and tri umphant deliverance. In examining the long !i-t of Republican statesmen whose sterling merit and characteristic excellence, entitle them to tlie grateful admiration of their country —the heart of an American swells with pride, in be holding the broad range of selection, the vast aggregation nished names. Among the n —and 1 et high above them, in intellectu and grandeur and su hi unity— stands John (’. Calhoun like our own Collosval peaks of Otter, towering above the Alpine heights which surround him. In venturing to commend to the favor of tnv fellow-citizens, this distinguished son of South Carolina, who by the admission of all mankind, is invested with the high attributes of a statesman, I have freely confessed my admiration of his Stupen dous intellect —my love for the simple virtues of his character. There be those who exert a great influence over public opinion, who have received the enviable compliment of the almost unlimited cori fubmee of an enlightened people, who affect to stvor at the indulgence of this ‘dove for the man !'’ 1 ask you my fel low-citizens, what is tiiis but to sneer nt die lore of virtual Instead ofadmitting the practices of a virtuous life to be enti tled to awaken the strongest and warm est emotions of the soul—instead of ex -1 liibiting virtue in the most beautiful at traction-'. as an object worthy of imita ' tion, emulation and tlie homage of ardent a ‘Il cl ion—instead of encouraging the young to love the virtuou ; there be those who have become venerable in in fluencing public opinion, and, who must answer to an awful weight of responsi bility, for (lie tone of. public sentiment iiieulcalt (!. u ho irtiempt to bring ridicule on the mail that : vov s a love for it virtu ous ,-ic man !! \Yi a - must lei he mortifi cation of the considerate, at beholding the venerab'e Nestor of oTsrState, stimulated by the paltry desire of achieving a victory J over an unknown and undistinguished adversary, or a securing to a favorite, an unmerited advantage ; thing violence to ; tii ■ g< iarons impulses of his nature, and exliibitii r hin ■'( ns the public scoffer of love avowed for the fascination of vir ? | tile? While public nio.als are unadul terated, the aged and veteran disputant j can secure nothing but injury or com !na io:i front tlie melancholy exhibition. I />t him continue to scolf let him cou i tiiitte to sneer—sneer nt the most hallow ; owed emotions of the sou! called into ne iion I y eontT't:])lating the display of the i pure t virtue. 1 shall cherish the senti | nient which I frShkly avow. 1 shall con tinue to love Mr. Calhoun. Love him | for his virtue—his kindness-—gentleness | —amiability— equanimity Patriotism and Philanthropy. Dove him for the ! nurc and bright exaitiple of a taintless life, exhibiting the development of the higho't excejleuces of our mortal Being! What object is worthy of a higher re gum! ? Where find we a higher stand : aid of excellence ? The fond mother, | filled with tlie spirit of a pure religion, j and bending over the form of her infant ; boy, teaching him to send tlie prayer of innocence in whispered accents to tlie 1 throne of Grace, could ask for her child, ; the benefit of no brighter example than j shim' , forth in the life and conduct of ; tlie ( treat Stn'esman from South Caroli na. If it should be the fortune of that child, in company with his parents, to meet .Mr. Calhoun in and lily converse, as sembled around the same hearth, day af terday, and month after‘month, iii all the unreserve of confiding friendship, he wan'd witness the display of uninter rupted mildness and cheerfulness. He would find him always kind, generous, re peel fill, affable, e-j liable, communica tive and in-tractive. Throughout the revolution of th > seasons, he would wit ness no ebnlition if angry passion. He won and hear no expression indicating tin ta • tan that breathes. No sneer at the ab mt would distort the oount nan ;of the Statesman. No sar casm would curl upon his lip. Ev ry action would conform to the strictest morality; every c\pros ion would breathe 1 the love of virtue—every sentiment won Id . 1 e tinged with the rich line of an all-jier- j vadtng and inib wsa! benevolence. If that child should loliow him to tlie table, j he would witness there .an example of temperance and s.-bricty, mingled with a ' "eiierou- ho.-pita'i:-,-. lint sunset they >ho’t <i \ra!:; log-* tit* ;• on liie terrace, to "'•'7.- ' o:t till? n-j I. nt orh, “dipping his t road el'li t hi;,4 our Virginia hii is,” his convi isalion would kindle witii the inspiration <ii'th*‘ s,- no, and lift ns to the eontemphiiion of mat Great Beinif who is t’it* Creator of <o much I>esv ll ly and sf»|«=nc?<>i* —the IVspenser ofso much toman. Il at the hour of 12 at night, the Imy Min'd f fiow his father to the tody oi the statesman, they would gain instant admission, they would find him engaged in the patient and systematic ar rangement of business, or in the profound investigation of some great truth intim ately connected with our state. If, on the ensuing day, the boy should follow | his father to tlie Senate Chamber, he would behold the great Senator from South Carolina still beaming with the . pint ofuniuersa! benevolence—still kind —still courteous to friend and foe. And when, at some far distant day, this boy, i then grown to the state of manhood, shall 1 indulge in the recollection of these long past scenes—when memory shall con duct him to the instructive contempla tion of the intellectual man, lie will re member Mr. CALHOUN as the patriot sage from South Carolina. He will re member him as a stupendous creation of the Divinity. lie will remember him as the vast Erie of intellect pouring over Niagara its volume of thought—broad, deep, pellucid and brilliant—ceaseless, resistless, eternal and sublime. In med itating on that bright example—that pure character, he will feel that he becomes a happier man, a better citizen, a purer pat riot ; and as his heart warms with affec tion for such virtues, he will cheerfully and ungrudgingly resign to others every advantage which they can secure, by practising on a philosophy which binds them to the object of their highest pref erence, by no stro'nger tie than the frigid sympathy of cunning. RIP RAPS. lloxv stands the Union? All the States, except three, have now held their elections for members of the 28th Congress, and the results may be regarded as a pretty fair indication of tire views of the American people, as regards tlie leading principles and measures of the two great parties into which they ! ever have been and ever will be divided. In the table below tlie members elect of the next, and those of the last House of i Representatives, from tlie same States, ! are classified politically, as dioy stood then, and they stand now—showing that the twenty-three States that have held their elections, have returned 138 demo crats to (53 whigs—or a democratic ma jority of 75—and that the same States before returned 125 whigs to 90 demo crats—or a whig majority of 29. Dem ocratic gain 'ONE HUNDRED AND FOUR members I Thus— New Congress. Old Crtigress. ' Whig. Dt’in. Whig. Dom. Missouri, 5 0 G.oigia, 2 G 9 Arkansas, 1 1 New York, 10 24 19 21 Delaware. 1 1 Massachusetts,* 4 2 (i 1 South Carolina, 7 18 New Hampshire, 4 5 Connecticut, 4 C Virginia, 3 12 7 11 Louisiana, 4 2 1 North Carolina, 4 5 8 5 Tennessee, 5 (» 8' 5 Kentucky, 5 5 11 2 Indiana, 2 B*o 1 Illinois, 1 (3 2 1 Alabama. I (3 5 Rhode island, 11 2 Vermont,'t 2 1 5 Maine,: 3 12 New Jersey, 14 G Pennsylvania, 12 12§ 13 15 Ohio, 9 12 12 7 G3 138 125 93 G3 93 Present dem. majority, 75 29 Whig. [;naj. last Congress. * Four vacancies, t One vacancy. : Four va cancies. § This inclu les Dr. Nes, the member from York and Adams, who is claimed by both parties. lie is a Tariff man, but in other respects is said to be dem ocratic. ilc was eheted by whigs and democrats jointly, in opposilion to the regular de.nocr.tie can dilate. Tlie three States which are yet to elect members, are .Maryland, .Michigan and Mississippi, which are entitled to 13 members—and there are 9 vacancies—4 in Massachusetts, 4 in Maine, and 1 in Vermont. The results in these Suites however will not probably vary the ma jority materially—but will leave the democrats in the ascendant, in the popu lar branch, by more than two to one. It is proper to add, that we give the above table, precisely as we find it in tlie New York Journal of Commerce—notes and all—a print whose authority in a matter of this sort, the whigs ought to he the last to except to, being a paper of their own kidney, and only di if. ring from other whig papers in its character for f irncss and the accuracy in its state ments of election results.— Weekly Ar : gus. The Candor of tl>-* liichni'ini] Enquirer. The Richmond Enquirer, speculating on the probability of the Presidential elec tion going into the House of Representa tives, observes : ‘‘The Constitution ex sly 1; nits tl: : etion to the three iiiglie.-t candidates, and they would, prob ably be Van Buren, Clay, and either Johnson or Buchanan.” One of the Caesars, on a triumphal occasion, had the busts of the distinguished citizens of Rome carried in the procession, but that of Brutus was omitted.— Washington •Spectator. A ‘ Coo;.’* lYiihoiif an Owner. * .n tin* A|.:tl.u'tih'ola t'o.inm-ifial Aiivrrtiai'r, wo liii'l tlio sul’jainoil ailvoiiisomont: “ Cunr'smcr Wanted —far a female ooun, arrivctl pur steamer Tallahassee. It lias a lulicl attiiuhu Ito its nook, ma.keil ‘Bt. I'roix.’ If not ttikon away nt i tlie expiration of tile flays, it wi.t he sent to tlie jiub- i tie Mori's.’’ That same nlfl eoo;t seems to have been sot adrift, ! t’V the remits. proSahly. of the October elections; hut if the person into whose hands it has fallen at A|>a- , laehi 'ola will, as he promises, send the lest creature In the ‘public stores,’ the Coon will lie at omc where | it ivan'.s to lie. All ils efforts hale heen directed to wards effec.ting a lodgment in the ‘public stores ’ where it proposes to heroine fit at leisure. "Give us the patronage,” said Mr. Clay, “and we will make popular."—f >.mrrratic Pignal. Auk>■!' mmi WEDNESDAY .NOVEMBER 15, 1843. to a PRESIDENT OF TIIE EXITED (STATES. JOII N C. CALHOUN. FOR VICE PRESIDENT: IsF.VJ WOIIDRUKY. Removal Vgf The Office of the AMERICAN DC MOCHA T is removed to Cotton Avenue, immediately in the rear of the Bookstore of Mr. J ackson Barnes. A Communication and Adverti sing Box is kept in the Store of Air. 8.. where our friends and customers nre respectfully requested to deposit their favors. q VTlie Subscribers to the American Democrat, who have nut remitted their dues, arc respectfully re minded that it is a cash paper, and that from the low ness of the subscription, we cannot wait until the end of the year. . . Governor Crawford’s Inaugpral crowded out thU week. .' . The Compromises of the Constitution consid ered in the organization of a National Convention. We have received a singularly able and powerful pamphlet upon this subject. It is an emanation from the pen of one of the most eloquent and gifted members of the Democratic party. With a masters hand he has swept away the mists of prejudice and error with which the Globe and the Richmond Enquirer have attempted to invest this subject. That the District System of electing members to Congress and Dele gates to the National Convention is more consistent with the Constitution than any other mode that can lie adopted “with democratic principles” and with jus tice, we hold lo he incontrovertible. Itis the Democ racy of the Constitution, the Democracy of the “old en time ’ when the people were uncontrolled by such a complicated system of caucus machinery, as lias been introduced into the polities of the country with in tl.e last lew years by the Albany regency, anil which if nut eradicated by timely ampul..tion will overthrow the Constitutional influence ol the smaller States, and stjp the vitality of our Republican Sys tem. It will at once occur to every reflecting mind that in proportion as the circle is diminished from which the selection of a Delegate is to be made, the more immediately and fairly will tlie Opinions of the feopi.k be expressed, and the less room will there be for caucus .dictation and party management. \YV desire to see as few intermediate agencies between the people and their representatives in the Conven tion ns possible, and it is presumed there will I e no objection in this Bl.de to a plan so purely Republican and Democratic in its tendency. Again ive say, that by the District System the wishes, nj in ions and preferences of the people can be fully ex pressed and fairly ascertained. If there it a District in this State that prefers Mr. Van Buren, the war worn veteran of Kcntu Ay, or the b:iiliant and suc cessful soldier and statesman of Michigan, we Con tml that they should be repiesented in the Conven tion. This we have advocated from the first and contended that the Delegates ought lo be chosen ili rccUtj by the Peoylc —to convene at Jjaltimore , TiJ.nj. 1811. (i id : iere individually express Kail!fully, the trill of llicir ConslUuenls. Again we repeat that we are for r ‘ferrlng the mat ter hark to the people and embrace the present occa sion to urge tiic subject to the serious consideration of our democratic friends in the Legislature, and generally throughout the Mate. As it is proha Ide that the Legislature now in session will divide the State in Congressional Districts. Should they, how ever fail to do so. our friends in the Legislature, can district the f t .te provisionally with a view to the se lection of Delegates. Tills done, h t the people in their primary Hirelings in each county composing a District, elect Delegates equal in number to their representation in the Legislature. Let these Dele gates mei t in next March *or April, at some centra! point in their district, and choose a Delegate to tlie Baltimore Convention. Two Delegates repre senting the State at large, and corresponding to otir two Senators can be most conveniently chosen bv our triends in the Legislature sometime durino the present session. The Georgia Defi'nt, *• There seems to l»e some reason for the supposed suspicion, th;.t the late defeat in Georgia was promo* ted by the more* reckless Van Huron men withhold ing their vote, to bring dou'ot and distrust upon Mr. Calh )tm's influence in the State. They vyere dis posed to !k' hitter, reck loss and desperate, in their first opposition t>* Mr. Calhoun in the < ‘onvention, till a clear development of his popularity, and the over vh 1 uinj jmjority in his favor, Imfit them the val ue of a pro lent iurl discreet, thou rh reluctant con currence for the ti ne, or patient bottling of their wrathful opposition, till a more favorable opportunity. Hut no sooner was the late defeat evident, than some one or two thorough Van Buren presses commenced to charge it. bitterly and virulently, to the nomination of -Mr. Calhoun, and the dissatisfaction consequent upon it; and the charge was promptly echoed by the Globe and other Van Buren papers abroad. Now, if the charge be true, is it not evident that it could he so only by the Van Buren men withholding their votes, for the purpose of deflating their owu party, and bringing discredit uj»on the influence and popu larity of Mr. Calhoun, reckless how they might pros trate the party or its prospects, so they could injure Air. Calhoun and advance Mr. Van Buren. or re venge their disappointment at the elioi *e of the for mer? The Vi bigs, of course, all voted for their own men; the Calhoun men had no possible motive to weaken or dell at the party, but the strongest to promote its success; and cons: qucntlv, it’ any votes were lost, ns charged, by the nomination of Mr. Cal houn, and Ids unpopularity in Georgia, it must be those of Van Buren men! The inference ii inevlt ;i: !e, from the premises of the Van Buren men them selves; and let it not he forgotten, when the liberali ty. fairn- ss or justice of the Calhoun men is assailed Iv t.ie Van Buren men, t.iat ihe Demo* ratio defeat in Georgia—the first after brilliant success es winch preceded it —is thus attributable to the latter, and their reckless purpose of advancing their own | candidate, regardless of the party and its principles, ! or of revenging their disappointment at the fair and honorable nomination of Air. Calhoun. ’* The Van Buren jmjrts which made tills unfortu nate charge, accompanied it with an urgent requisi- j tii*iv f«.*r a reconsideration of the nomiiialicn or Mr. Calhoun, an 1 o: the iiwtru lions to the n.-!o-»av pointod by the L-gislative Cau.us, to rote T.rYd' Calhoun janl in TVs, we hope they will l, e , rd. if the matter be suinaitte I to the Pcopl- a j,; Delegates elect dby them. \Vo have alw,y s r ted the appointment of the Delegates to the eien Convention by a Legislative Caucus. It l Us f" urged by the Van Buren n-n in pro .sos the ft:»U>nry an 1 insincerity oi the Calhoun men, j fl t : advocacy of the District system, and of their re'?' ness to avail themselves of any other, when tl <>. be gainers by it; and has thus tended to Weaken moral strength of their cause. The only reasona'? excuse for it was, tliaMhere were no Congress!,,, Districts in Georgia. The Whigs, however, (p ' urg.il obedience to the Apportionment Law ,'/ Uongress, requiring tlie Congreisional 'lfep rc;fr . lives of each Mate «> be elected by Districts) K doubtless taf off -the 'M:rti* into Congressional p tricts at the ensuing Session of the Legislature these can be used by the Democrats for the el Pr , . of Delegates by the people to tile General Convene,..' The friends of Mr. Calhoun having nothin.r to in Georgia, from the opposition of Air. Van R uri who has as little personal popularity there, as a, distinguished public man in the Confederacy even it it were otherwise, let them firmly and con tcntly abide by their principles, ‘do their duty, a:.J leave the consequences to God.”’ The above from the South Carolinian, w e fc, r too true, vet we will not indulge in the bad ten . which one of our cotemporaries has adopted ]1(1 . withstanding his previous soporific homilies u;.on: . union and harmony cf the parly and the indis.ru . of Air. ( alhoun s friends, at a proper time, we n review the whole ground arid point out some bub? that have been overlooked, at present it is unneert. ry. As to referring the choice of delegates to i| Ballipmre. Convention back to tlie people, we arcip ling to meet the most rampant of our Van Burn friends on that ground.—Nay, we eo firther. \\ contend for the appointment of delegates bv distrl i wiierc the people themselves can make their,on cnoirc without the intermediate agenry ol’ politi,- nr n igers ; and we now cal! upon our friends in p Legislature to aid in districting the State— and u ourpirty throughout the Mate, when that is dom appoint delegates to the Baltimore Convention by 1% tricts, as soon ns the apportionm. id is made, ti.i niv ; . may select their o;vu delegates and instruct tlirni:. vote tot whom they please in the Convention. 1 is what .'di*. Calhoun s friends in this State, ns w 1 as in every other in the Union, have all alone r „ n . tended for. As to the recent Democratic and -iiat in this State, we embrace the present occasion to assure our friends in other totes that it Will not wcidi , fentlor with us here Air. Calhoun’s friends here, as well as every where else in the honorable career o! elevating id the Presidency the nioilM Statesman of tlie “ Mo hr I Republic,’*-have that to console them which is far above tlie exultation or success of inert politicians—animated by a patriotic love of count-v lli.ll rises sup rior to every |>crsond consideration! n.i ordinary defeat can change their purpose orde stroy their equanimity—convinced that their iiioUn are pure, and that no sellisn considerations arenm gled w:t!i their desire to serve their country—tho arc not to be driven fro::i their position by meremr.ii. agf.uent, or the sneers of office hunters or their in struarciits. Air. Calhoun's friends owe allegia;, e nowhere but to their God and their Country! and while they arc willing to abide the justice of the j countrymen, yet they cannot he muz/Jed by irrrs puliliced trinmers, having 100 an abiding faith in ill virtue and intelligence) of the jmiple (if left to tlica si Ive.) they believe t ii:.t sooni ror 1 .ter they will - covi r thi ir own interests and the policy best calruh. ted to pri serve our free institutions in the viwor ant freshness of our li 'roie age. In the fullness of llj ■ lay the tiii nils of Mi. ( h Ilmen have ; nt their trust “ Tin y greatly mistake Mr. Calhoun, or his frier.!*, if they siijiposc that the Presidency is the first thin; in t.icir corisr.ler.ition i hey value their pcrsaiU characters and the prinei|)te« of the Democratic pur tv tor hole all station ; an I to save either, they r doas limy havetlone be .'nre—go down into a he,. - less niiii, .My, and st in>l alone with the sword c.f i:? 1 o;ot lt mn in t.icir hau ls, ‘fearing nothin" (•aim • notnuig.’ Populaiity they value, hut it is I: I I. i ir aim: iucccfs tiny desire, 1 ut il is not llairns waul. they look far higher than thesi—to tie - on.-titution, which is to be iraintaiticd ; to the! - eriics of the people, whirl) arc to In- preserved; It the approbation ot a pure eonsiienee in tUo sight 1 t cm, w Inch power cannot give, and empires lost cun* not take away.’’ 4 Whig penny, the three hooped pot shall have ten h««wl and it shail be felony to drink small beer. TherciGiß • s 1 di be in common, an 1 in Choapside shall uiy pal* frey go to grass.”—Henry VI. Ihe Legislature is now in session—in the full hdo of successful experiment. The Whigs have a iw j>ri:y of about forty on joint ballot. The election* are all by this time over, and the six hundred alike hunters nave been disjuised of. The great business oJ le _. it ive r« i arm need In' no longt*r delayed. i ;1 \\ bigs in t!»e late canvass declaimed loud and lon* against wh.it they have been pleased to term dco"-'* | misrule, and democratic mismanagement. V ; | have now gentlemen “room enough in paradise *** otir majority is sulliciently large rn the 1 i-1 tu'< b> carry out ail your plans, and you have the co-ojfc’ latino of a v big Governor to sanction them. Alakc a demonstration ! redeem your promises. Let the 'f nius of improvement go forth robed in light, andapplj the trenchant ban lof cutting reform. Let the aba scs, against which you have so bitterly inveigle*l- i ; anv such existt, he swept down the wind. Givr thi people a demonstration of the public policy yon weu'J have tlie State adopt. Set her in tlmt path togKi I progress and honor, which you have promised s'ua:il he done, it her fortunes were intrusted to ing. Tire people will now hartre an opportunity ot seeing how far your deeds will tally with votir pro* ises. But, far—very far he it from us to declare m , ad vanct^a gainst the reforms »>f our very learned geet masters, tho Whigs, We are disposed to wait aid judge their measures candidly and impartially ‘nothing extenuate nor aught set down in malk' Vet many think they have promised too much, # n '' I that the people will hill short, very far short, of rral* I izing their expectations. Nevertheless such ni<’ 5 * I sure* as they may propose or adopt for tlie public goo.! —such changes or reforms as may be mudc i“ ihe public and judicial policy of tbe &.laU*,conft a* l " with the spirit of improvement, and the progress, an»l wants of our |»roplo wilj not be decried by us fall* narrow spirit of partisan opposition. Wc go spontlif hro-vl fktiilical maxim, *7 hat character is as i/nyor!- n In a N.V'e as to ,i private man, end Liuil the glory <i f ‘ State is l r u common properly of all Us an* Willing that the tree should be judged by l ' fruit—arid honor awarded where honor is an d-- Whether tho majority in the Legislature be Whig l ' r Democratic. All we want now, go il lemon, is to you. make a demonstration. AVhcth.ryoa wilßPrl