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AMCRICiYIV ■ ilMiilAm The most perfect Government would be that which, emanating directly from the People, Governs least—Costs least—Dispenses Justice to all, and confers Privileges on None—BENTHAM. VOL. U DR. WM. GREEN-EDITOR. Vni KHW DKHOCIMT PUBLISHED WEEKLY, IN THE REAR OF J. BARNES’ BOOKSTORE. COTTON AVENUE, MACON, GA. at two dollars per annvxke. D3- IN ADVANCE. -GU Rates of Advertising, One square, of 100 words, or less, in small type, 75 cent a or the first insertion, and 50 cents for each subsequent inser !ion. All Advertisements containing more than 100 and less tha' 20!) words, will be charged as two squares. To Yearly Advertisers, a liberal deduction will be made. N. B. Sales of LAND, by Administrators. Executors «r Guardian*, are required, by law, to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours of 10 in the lore noon, and 3 in the afternoon, at the Court-House in the Coun ty in which the property is situated. Notice of these mus* be given in a public Gazette, SIXTY DAYS, previous to the day of sale. Sales of PERSONAL PROPERTY, must be adverted in the same manner, FORTY DAYS previous to the day or salc- Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an Estate, must be pub felted FORTY Days. Notice that application will he made to the Court of Ordi ury, for leave to sell LAND, must be published FOL K MONTHS. Sales of NEGROES, must be made at public auction, on the first Tuesday of the month, between the legal hours of at the place of public sales in the county where the let* ers testamentary, of Administration or Guardianship, shall have been granted, SIXTY DAY’S notice being previously given in one of the public gazettes of this State, and at the door of the Coui t-llouse, where such sales are to be held. Notice for h ave to sell NEGROES, must be published for FOUR MONTHS, before any order absolute shall be made thereon by the Court. AH business of this nature, will receive prompt attention, at he Office of the AMERICAN DEMOCRAT. REMITTANCES IIV MAIL.—“A Postmaster may en close money in a letter to the publisher of a newspaper, to pay the subscription of a third person, ami frank the letter, if written by himself.” Arnos KeruJtdl, P. Af. fr. COMMUNICATIONS addressed to the Editor—Post Paid. Tlio M irilimft interests of the Sontli and West. The population of the United States, according; to the sixth census, may be sta ted at Seventeen millions* in round num bers being nearly equally divided between Virginia and the Northern States on the one part, and North Carolina with the Southern and Western States on the other —the latter division numbering 8,- 470,058 souls, or within less than a hun dred thousand of exactly one-half. The same returns show that all the cotton, more than half the wheat, nearly four tilths of the corn, quite three-fourths of the hogs, all the rice and the hemp, most of the tobacco, and, commercially speak ing, all the sugar, that are grown, raised and produced in the wholccountry, come from this section. Here, the tillers of the ground reap, at each returning harvest, and gather into their barns, forty million bushels of wheat and three hundred mil lion bushelsof com, besides sixty mill ionss of other cereal grains, such as oats, bar ley, and rye. They also grow eighty millions of pounds of rice, one hundred and thirty-live millions of sugar, and one hundred and twenty millions of tobacco; and feed, chiefly upon the wild mast of their woodlands, vast herds of swine, twenty millions in number. These immense herds and harvests cannot be consumed by theeight millions and a half of producers. The average consumption of cereal grains, as food for man and beast, is quoted by McCulloch at tifteen bushels for each person. Chas. Smith, the well-informed author of the Tracts on the Coni Trade , estimated it to be at the rate of about twelve and a half bushels a year to the inhabitant.— We sec no reason why the laboring man in the West or South, with ricli pastures and wide ranges for his cattle—with his own bountiful board spread thrice a day with meats, fruits, and vegetables— should average, for himself and his cattle as much bread and grain as the laboring man in England, in whose scanty dieta ry bread is the chief, and often the only article of food. Nevertheless, let us sup pose that eavli inhabitant hero requires, lor himself and his live stock, from a third to a half more grain and breadstuffis than is allowed to one manand his cattle in England. This estimate will leave, after deducting one-tenth of the whole for seed, a surplus of at least one hundred and ninety millions of bushels, in our favored region, to be disposed of in some way. The earth gave it by the sweat of man’s brow; and it was not gathered by him with toil and labor, to be scattered to the winds or to be burned in the fire. It cannot be consumed by the producers; it is for sale, therefore it must be sent abroad as merchandise to seek a market. Let us suppose that one-fifth goes by the way of the Lakes, as grain and flour, or is driven over intothe neighboring States as live stock. The remainder is crowd ed into the channels of river trade, and sent down to New Orleans, orsome other seaport of the South, for exportation. Whether it enters into the foreign or the coasting trade, all that is shipped on the Gulf has to pass out through tiie straits of Florida, and is exposed g.like to any dangers or obstructions that an enemy may throw in that very long and narrow pass. It is immaterial to the proof of our pro position whether the four-fifths ot these one hundred and ninety millions of bushels of grain are sent abroad as bread, wheat, corn, meal, or flour; or whether they assume some other ot the Protean shajies of grain, and come down for ex port as live hogs and cattle, or in barrels of pork and beef, lard, bacon, oil, or whis DEMOCRATIC BANKER TREE TRADE; DOW DITTIES; NO DEBT; SEPARATION FRORT RANKS; ECONOMY; RETRENCHMENT; AND A STRICT ADHERENCE TO THE CONSTITUTION.--./. C. C.ILIMOL.Y. key ; they are the surplus produce of those regions, every bushel of which en ters, in some shape or other, into the chan nels of Southern and Western com merce.t Valuing, then, this produce—whether in its manufacturee or raw state, whether it be converted into meat or drink—at the low estimate of twenty-five cents a bushel, we have the sum of thirty-eight millions ofdollars, to be added to the fif ty-seven millions already accounted for. To this may be added three millions of dollars for Southern rice, six millions of dollars for Western tobacco, and as much for sugar—in all, one hundred and ten millions of dollars, exclusive of lead, iron lumber, hemp, and naval stores as the present annual amount of exports from the South and West. New York, indeed, is the principal focus of trade—the place where the great commercial affairs of the country are held. Hut the back country, which sends down, through the inland channels of communication, its surplus produce to New York for exportation, affords but a scanty supply, when compared to that which supplies New Orleans and the Gulf ports with their articles of Co*n merce. The State of New York grows no cotton, no hemp, no tobacco, no rice ; nor does it supply commerce with any of its sugar. The quantity of grain of all sorts produced in' that State lacks one half of being as much to the inhabitant as the general average of the whole U. j States gives to each person. If we allow but four and a half bushels of wheat to I each person for bread, the people of that State will only average a peck apiece for i export. So, if we take all the grain pro duced in that State, and deduct an aver | age of twenty bushels lor each person as the quantity consumed by man and beast there will remain for commerce only about a bushel to each inhabitant. What other of the great staples of the country does New York produce? She may have lumber and ashes; but when we corne to reckon in millions, we shall find that these articles are trifling in amount. Much of the back-country produce, we know, is drawn off from New York, through the Albany rail road,for consump tion in the Eastern States. But, giving her, through the Erie canal, half of the surplus wheat crops of Ohio, Illinois, In diana, and Michigan, we shall find then that her corn trade from the back country does not amount to one-tenth part, in value, of the cotton trade from the South. Seeing, then, that New York receives from her back country, through her channels of inland trade, so small a por tion of that produce which she sends out to all parts of the world, it may be asked, Whence does she obtain it ? # The answer to this question has an important bearing upon the subject of coast defences. Now York has her dai ly or her weekly line of packets plying between her wharves and every port of any commercial importance in the U. S. Through these, and vast fleets of eoasters she collects together the surplusjiroduce of other States, with which she carries on her immense trade. Not so with N. Orleans and the Gulf ports; they derive their exports almost exclusively through the rivers and roads of their back coun try. Let us now, with a view of illustrating the bearings of this circumstance upon a wise system of national defences, sup pose New York to be blockaded by the fleet of an enemy: what degree of dis tress would the country at large suffer from it? The wheat of northern Ohio, Indiana, Ac., could go do wit the Missis sippi if tiie mouth of the Hudson were closed. The naval stores front North Carolina, the cotton and the rice and other articles from the South, the pork, Ac. from the West, which arc scut to New York for transhipment, would not be shut out from the sea becouse Sandy Jiook happened to be blockaded; they would have .the broad ocean free and open before them : and they could, with out stopping at New York on their way, be shipped from their Southern ports direct for their foreign market place.— This, it is true, would distress New York herself, and embarrass one or two of her neighbors, perhaps ; moreover, it might, at first cause some little incon venience to the mercantile community. But we arc not considering its effects up on sections and classes ; we speak of the supposed blockade in its bearings upon the nation at large, in its influence upon the industry, the prosperity, and and the welfare of the great body of the people. In this light, such a blockade would be the whole country like the stopping up one of tiie outlets at the delta of the Mis sissippi ; in either case, commerce would be thrown into new channels, a little turbid and perhaps inconvenient at first because new ; but, except to those in the immediate vicinity whose lands would be overflown or property injured, there would be nothing in the blockade of New York like publick distress, for all the produce that is exported thence could like the waters of the Mississippi, if ob structed in one channel, find new, and other, and perhaps letter outlets. At most, the blockade of New York would but be a great national inconvenience. Now, on theother hand, Ictus suppose that this hostile fleet raises the blockade. I MACON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1843. of New York, and sends down a squad ron of ships to occupy the Tortugas and block up the Florida straits ; the cotton of the South cannot flow up the Missis sippi if the mouth of this river be closed to commerce ; the torrent is obstructed in its mountain pass, and there is no other channel through which it can escape. If it cannot break away the barrier, and force its way out thro.’ this one, it must carry stagnation back to its very sources ; and, with the reflux, spread ruin and desolation over the land, The commerce of the Gulf is thus strifck down at a blow ; its only outlet is in the hands of an enemy ; our nearest naval station is at the North, a thousand miles distant and more; his is among the West Indies, close at hand. Not a "stitch of canvass can leave the Gulf but by his leave. Pittsburg and Wheeling, Cincin nati and Louisville, now become as be sieged cities ; the wharves of St. Louis and Memphis, of Natchez and New Or leans, are ns lifeless as if the enemy had set himself down before each of these ci ties, and chains across the river below them. Every town and hamlet through out the whole length and breadth of the whole valley of the West suffers a rigid blockade. At the North, the spindle's of Lowellcease round ; heroperatives are thrown out of employment, to starve in the streets; and the twenty-five mil lions of dollars invested in the cotton factories of New England are sunk in the general ruin, for their supplies from the South are cut off. The waters of the Mississippi no longer teem with life and animation ; throughout their fertile plains the hand of industry is paralyzed; and the task of the husbandman becomes a burden not to be borne, because the people have lost with commerce the in centives of trade and the rewards of labor ; they have no market for the pro duce of their lands; they receive no mer chandise in exchange for their corn and oil. Can there be anything in the wide scope of legislation more truly national in all its bearings than the securing and making sure the command of such a pas sage as this ? In the whole range of coast defences there is no point more im portant than it—none half so much ex posed. Should Congress, by an act, raze the forts on the Mississippi, and throw that river, from Memphis down, open to all nations, and make its navigation free, the commerce of the West could not be more exposed and defenceless than it now is, when it enters the Straits of Florida on its way out to sea and a mar ket. What wouid it avail, though the West should send its produce to New Orleans, if it could go no further? Un less a way out of the Gulf should be opened to it, it would be far better off on the plantations where it is grown. The immediate borders on one side of his ex posed and dangerous market-path from j the Gulf are owned by Spain and Eng- ■ land ; on the other, by the United States, j These two nations havedflne all that can j he done to fortify and strengthen them selves on their side of this great com mercial thoroughfare ; while we have done nothing to secure a safe passage j through it for our vessels, though we have incomparably so much more at stake than they. We haVe laid great stress ttpoil the the facility with wnich an enemy in the j Straits of Florida might annoy the Gulf commerce ; and we have said it might j be entirely destroyed by a force altogeth- | er insignificant as to its strength, and j such as aay third or fourth-rate naval power could, at all times command and } send against it. Fully to appreciate the ; helplessness of merchantmen, and to il- j lustrate the degree of panic and conster- j nation which an armed cruiser in search j of prizes spreads umong them and those who have argosies at sea, we have only to recollect what has been done in other times by our own men-of-war. In 1777, Captain Wickes, in the Re risal, with two small cruisers, made his appearance off the coast of England.— j They’were syled privateers. We quote from the papers of the day—authentic extracts from which have been kindly furnished by a friend to show the alarm and distress which thatsmall force spread among English shipping and commerce, where they hail no narrow and unpro tected straits first to pass through, but were under guns of their own forts and castles, until they got out upon blue wa ter in the open sea, and then had a thou sand armed ships to give them convoy: “ June 26, 1777. “ Orders were sent to Plymouth for two of his Majesty’s frigates to sail im mediately on a cruise between Lisbon aytl Madeira, as some intelligence has lately been received that several Ameri can privateers were cruising about that place, and had stopped several English ships, but, lieing in ballast, had released them.”—Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8. “ July 2, 1777. “ Orders were sent to the commissior ers of the several dock-yards for the im mediate fitting out of several sloops-of war, to he employed as cruisers for the better protection of the trade. « July 3, 1777. “ Orders weae sent to the Governors of Jersey and Guernsey for all the forti- fications on the said islands to be put in a proper state of defence.” “July 5, 1777. “ Dublin has been thrown into the ut most state of consternation by the ap pearance of the American privateers on this coast. A stop is put to all trade.— Not one of the linen ships that were load ed for Chester fair are suffered to d«pnrt, upon which account the lair must be postponed, if any fair be held. “The Lord Lieutenant has thought it expedient, lest the Americans should make any attempt upon the shipping in , this harbor, to order cannon from the l arsenal to form two batteries to delend the j entrance of it, “ No insurance can he procured, and ! linen has already fallen a penny a yard. “They are unloading the linen ships I with the utmost diligence, for fear of an attempt to burn them; and the vessels ! are drawn as near as possible to the ! bridge.”—Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8. j p. 388. Copy of a letter from Philip Stephen Secretary of the Admiralty, to William Corslin, Mayor of Liverpool. “July 11, 1777. “ ]\ly T.ords Commissioners of the Ad miralty having stationed the Albion (74.) Exeter (64,) Arethusa (32,) and Ceres (sloop-of-war,] between the Joasts of Great Britain and Ireland, in quest of American privateers, and for the protec tion of trade in those parts, I am com manded by their lordships to acquaint you thereof,” Ac.—Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8, p. 389-90. “Saturday, July 12, 1777. “ The American privateers having made several captu res on the Scotch and Irish the merchants and inhabitants of Greenock and Glasgow have entered into subscriptions for fitting out four armed vessels for the protection of then own trade.”—Gent. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 47, p. 349. • « July 14,1777. I “ One hundred and twenty ships of the j British navy are now in commission, viz: j 55 ships of the line, 46 frigates, and 19 sloops of war. But, in consequence of of repeated information being sent to the Admiralty Board of the great number of American privateers (only three) cruis ing in the Irish channel, contracts ard made by Government lor several ships, which are to befitted out as armed ships for the better protection of the trade.”— Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8, p. 389. “ White Haven, July, 15, 1777. “ During no time since the war were the people on this coast half so much frightened as they have been lately on the appearance of the American priva teers. An eau-ess went off to our I .onl Lieutenant (oir James Lowther) of the county of Cumberland, to call out the militia for the defence of the coast, as they were apprehensive that the Ameri cans would land; to which Sir James sent word that he would immediately callout tho militia; and, that it might lx? as little detrimental to the country as possible, he would divide the time, and fix the first fortnight now, the other after harvest. Three companies are accord ingly stationed here.”—Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8, p. 389. A list of line-of-battle ships cruising in the English channel is then given. It shows that there were twenty-eight. “July 17, 1777. “ The Lords of the Admiralty have ordered Cnpt. Burdon, of his Majesty’s sloop Drake, to cruise between Harwich and Goree, in the track of the packet boats, for the protectieu of the said ves sels, and of the trade of his Majesty’s subjects. She sailed on tho 16tli instant from the Downs on that service.” “ July 21, 1777. “ The Lords of the Admiralty have been pleased to order two ships of war and a sloop to cruise between the Mull of Galloway and Cantyre.” “July 22, 1777. “Orders have been sent from the Ad miralty to Portsmouth for seven frigates, iu addition to those already sailed, to pro ceed to the north of Ireland in search of America* privateers that infest that coast.” “July 23, 1777. “Orders have been issued for repair ing the fortifications at Kinsnle, the Cove ot'Cork, Waterford, Carrickfergus, and other ports of Ireland ; and six frigates will be stationed in St. George’s Channel to prevent the future depredations of the provincial privateers — Lad. Mag. July 1777, p. 359. “July 25, 1777. “ Orders were given from the War Of fice for a general survey of ordnance and military stores in the several fortresses throughout Great Britain and Ireland. “ July 26, 1777. “ The Mayor and Corporation of Lon donderry, in Ireland, have raised a sub scription of six hundred poundsjo re pair the fortifications of that city, and likewise to fit out a ship-of-war of twen ty-eight guns lor the protection of their trade.” “August 11, 1777. “ Orders have been given to the artifi cers of his Majesty’s dockyard at Dept ford to work doubletides in building a Dumber of small vessels, which are to carry twenty guns each, and to cruise against Americans in the channel.’ “August 12, 1777. “ Press warrants are issued for lands men at all the principal towns in Eng land and Wales.” “August 14, 1777. “The number of line-of-battle ships now on cruises round England, and ly ing in the several ports ol Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Chatham, amount to thir ty-two, from sixty to ninety guns.”— Lad. Mag. Aug. 1777, vol. 8, pp, 443- 4 5. “London, August 25th, 1777. “The Secretary of the Admiralty lias written to Capt. Battorel, (the regulating otlicer at White Haven,) informing him that the Lords Commissioners of the Ad miralty have directed the Navy Board to hire a number of armed ships, capable of carrying twenty guns at least, to be em ployed as coasting convoys, for the pro tection of the trade of the several great towns of the kingdom, provided such towns will respectively engage to raise meu to man them.” Newcastle, August 30, 1777. “In consequence of a petition from the masters and owners of ships of this port to his Majesty, seconded by Sir Mat thew White Ridley, Bart., one of onr members, nil order from his Majesty in council lias this week been received to permit the ships in the coal-trade to take on board guns and stores for defence in case of an attack from an enemy.”—Lad. Mag. Sept. 1777, vol. 8, p. 499. The coasts of England were surround ed with armed crifisers, and her harbors bristled with cannon ; yet such is the picture drawn from the papers of that Aty, of the alarm and distress created in tiie realm by three small armed cruisers from America. In comparison, our Gulf commerce is perfectly defenceless. In stead of passing irom port at onCe out upon the broad ocean, it must first sail through a long and narrow channel, with the unoccupied harbors of Key West and the Tortugas at its very entrance, hun dreds of miles removed from the nearest dock-yards. With these harbors thus situated, the enemy, at the first notes of war, will not fail to land his guns on them, throw up his water-batteries to de fend them, and thus secure a position in this stronghold, from which lie cannot be removed, and from which he may command the Gulf, with its floating mil lions. Are the Southern and Western ’States content that their commerce and coasts should continue in such a defence less and vu I nerable state ? Are they wil ling that they should lx? left with their weakness to’ invite attack? If three small vessels in the Irish sea, thousands of miles from home, without a harbor of refuge, or a place of rendezvous, could stop Chester fair and the Dublin trade; if they could destroy insurance, cause the ships in port to bo unloaded, and lin en to fall a penny a yard ; if they could call out the whole English navy in pur suit, force the Crown to hire and to buy other ships; conqiel artificers at the Deptford docks to work double tides in building more ; if they could cause press-gangs to raise the voice of woe and lamentation in every town throughout the kingdom; if they could alarm the laborer in the field, and force the reaper in the harvest to lay down his sickle; — if a sloop, a brig, and a cuttrr, along the distant coasts of England, and among swarms of armed cruisers, could do ail this, in spite of her “wooden walls,” their strength and numbers, might not an en emy, equally bold and daring, and with a lew more dashing cruisers like these, having their ports of refuge in the West Indies, close at hand, spread as great alarm among the people of the South, cause their cotton to fall its penny a pound, and create like distress among the ships of New Orleans/ and the trade of the Gulf? Do the people who send to market through the Gulf bear suliiciently in mind the fact, that for years past they have contributed largely of their sub stance in building up a system of harbor and naval defences at the North, almost to the entire neglect of theirs own?— They have given of their money to raise an island up from the bottom of the sea, and to build fortifications upon it lor the defence of a Northern harbor : but though Nature has formed for them her islands at the South, and placed them in positions a thousand times more impor tant than tins, they have yet to receive from Congress die iirst dollar for fortify ing these out|K)sts. W hat is 1 .ong Island Sound, the Delaware, or the Chesapeake Bay, or all together, in comparison to tho Gulf of Mexico ? Millions iqx>n millions have been voted and squandered and ex pended in protecting them ; but what for Gulf deteuces? Comparatively no thing. And yet there is no country in the world whose natural advantages are comparable to those of tho Mississippi valley for naval means and warlike re sources. Half the naval strength that now lies dormant and neglected in that valley, could not be put forth by any oth er nation tor ten times the sum that would call this out. With proper naval establishments erected now on the banks of the Mississippi river; with the ne«es sary workshops and munitions of war ! NO. 31. provided beforehand; with a fit place of rendezvous at Key West or the Tortu ?as —the West, with a few months’ no tice, could send down to the Gulf of Mexico a fleet of war steamers such ns the world never saw ; they would crown our weak points with strength, make her queen of the Gulf, and this country per fect mistress of the adjacent sea. On the Western waters everything that is requi red for building or equipping, arming, manning, and subsisting a navy, is to be found in great abundance of the best quality at the cheapest rates; coal at $4 the ton, hills full of iron, fields smiling with plenty, and forests of the finest tim ber which may be felled and fashioned, almost where it falls, into the stoutest vessels of war; tiie streams are alive with boats which contain engines, men, and machinery, that, with a moment’s warn ing, would lx? at their country’s service, ready in any numbers to lie transferred from the frail river-craft to the green but stronger hulls just from the forest. Con gress lias but to will the dock-yard or Memphis into being, and at the echo along the Western rivers of the first notes of war sounded in its halls, hosts of armed steamers like Khoderic Dhu’s men, would come from every glade and valley ot the West, full rigged and equip ped for battle. With such resources; and the means provided for bringing them into play, no enemy would dare to enter the Gulf. Are the people of the Mississippi val ley, of the Gulf, and South Atlantic States, aware that they have lent their aid in fortifying the coast l'roin Norfolk up, at the average rate of a gun for eve ry three hundred and eighty yards, while their own Gulf and sea coasts can count, on an average, but one gun in ten times that distance ? Are these people heedless of the necessary preparations for defence now, because they prefer, when the evils of war do come, to imi tate the colliers of Newcastle, the mer chants and people of Greenock and Glasgow? Will they pray Congress for leave to arm their “ broad horns,” or their cotton ships?—which? The one will be as abld to defend and to give pro tection as the other. Or, do they con timle to listen to the yearly cry of give ! give ! for preparing and making ready at the East, for building and fortifying at the North, because, when defences are wanted at the South, they can be made of cotton-bags? Their cotton-bags they will have to defend; and all the ships! that they can build, all the cotton-traders and colliers that they can arm, will be of no avail, their cotton hags of no use, un less the Dry Tortugas be occupied as a military and naval staiion beforehand^ — These islands must be fortified. Unless they be fortified, and unless also a dock yard he established on the Mississippi, there can lie no safety in war for the commerce of the West, neither can pro teafcou be given to the liade from the South. Who but the Southern and Wfosterq people should defend their own firesides ? Therefore, into their hands should the defences ot the Gulf he committed.—• The navy that is kept there should be taught to look upon those regions as its home ; they are now as a foreign station to otir ships iu the Gulf. When one of them ends her cruise in the Gulf, she goes to the North to be laid up; her men are taken to the North, there to lx? paid oil and discharged. If anything is want ing for her, they send to tile North for it. it she m;et with any Accident, or sustain any injury, site goes straight there to have it examined and repaired. There the ship, her officers, anu her crew, are all sent to spend their money, and they consider it their home. With a dock yard at Memphis lor steamers, their sup plies and their crews should be all drawn iiom the river towns. When the ves sels are to be repaired or laid up and dis charged, they should lie sent there.— There they should he manned and paid oil'. Thar, and not the North, should be their home. "There were 17,063,353 inhabitants. t Commerce. —Up to the 1 ltli of June last, there had arrived at Now Orleans 1,065,(MX) bales of cotton ; 67,400 hhds. of tobacco, which was still arriving free ly ; 284,100 kegs, 202,450 bbls., and 1,- 442 hhds. of lard, liesides 920 bbls. of lard oil; 196,000 barrels, 2,400 hhds., and 6,8.06,000 pounds, in hulks, of pork; 105,000 barrels and sacks of wheat; 461,- 500 barrels of flour; and 424,000 pigs of lead ; besides other articles, such as bacon, corn, meal, sugar beef, copper, lumber, whiskey, hemp, bagging, rope, live stock, Ac. t The value of the cotton crop of 1841; though not so large, by several hundred thousand bales as that of 1842, (the one we have been considering,) was estimat ed bv the Commissioner of Patents $62,- 000,000. § 'Phe lead exported from New Orleans alone, in the season of 1841-’42, was 447,000 pigs 4 which by the price cur rent of the day, quoted at $2 20 the pig ; thus giving another million for this item. [to be continued ] An abridgement of Allison’s History of Europe has been published in N. Y.