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IMIBIOAH DEMOCRAT. ihe m«>t perfect Government would be that which, emanating directly from the People, Governs least—l’osts least—Dispenses Justice to all, and confers Privileges on None.—BENTHAM. VOL. I.| DR. WH. GREEN - EDITOR. African dehocrii PUBLISHED WEEKLY, IN THE REAR OF J. BARNES' BOOKSTORE. COTTON AVENUE, MACON, GA. AT TWO DOLLARS PSR ANNUM. IN ADVANCE. -CU Rates of Advertising, &c. One square, of 100 words, or less, in small type, 75 cents ,r the first inscrtior., and 50 cents for each subsequent inser ion. Ml Advertisements containing more than 100 and less than f words, will be charged as two squares. Cos Yearly Advertisers, a liberal deduction wilt be made. EES- N. U Sales of I.AND, by Administrators, Executors. tGuardians, are required, by law, to be held ou the first j I'iiesday in tits month, between the hours of 10 in the fore noon, and 0 in the afternoon, at the Court-House in the Coun- j vin which the property is situacl. Nonce of these must 1 e ajveu in a public (Jazotic, SIXTY DAYS, previous to the day of saie. Salsa of PERSON Al. PROPERTY, must be advertised in ! the same manner, FORTY DAYS previous to the day of sale- j Notice to Debtors and Ciedimrs of an Estate, must be pub- , isbed FORTY Days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordi tary, for leave to sell LAND, must be published FOUR MONTHS. Sales of NEGROES, must be made at public auction, on the first Tuesday of the month, between the local hours of ale at the place of public sales in the county where the let era testamentary, of Administration or Guardianship, shall have been granted, SIXTY DAYS notice being previously "tven in one of the public gazettes of this State, anl at the door of the Couit llousc, where such sales arc to be held. Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be published for FOUR MONTHS, before any order absolute shall be made thereon by the Court. All business of this nature, will receive prompt attention, a 1 the Office of the AMERICAN DEMOCR AT. REMITTANCES UY MAIL.—“A Postmaster may cn c ;ue money in a letter to the publisher of a newspaper, to pay the subscription of a third person, and frank the letter, if written by himself.”—»Anise KavUtU, P. M G. COMMUNICATIONS addressed to the EmTon Post Paid. H . &. J. COWLES, HAVE nowon hand at the Store formerly occupi ed by Messrs. J. R. ROSS <fc Cos. a grcnerol as sortment of planters’ supplies, —CONSISTING OF — Gi • oceries , STAPLE m coops, sssobb* &and. Macon, Nov. 22, 1313. 27 WILLIAM L. CLARK , WHOLESALE DUALKft IN STAPLE AM) FANCY D II Y LOOSES, NO. 37 LIBERTY STREET, (.Vear .Vnssatt.) nsw-yoee, Oct. 13, 1943. 22 ts. iaTiSW* 'SO DXrSa At.i/tr' J K.rrro. ARE receiving mill opening n large amt tlesirahle , assortment tit* seasonable FOREIGN anti A MEBICAN Ftricy and Staple Drt? GSootW* The entire sto< k is n«*w and very complete, nnd wil be sold at Wholesale or Retail, at 'he very lowest pri ces. Purchasers are invito! to call and examine lor themselves Nov 8. 25 .Vcip W»7/ tio'ttl .«*, Sl.tt and K2SOS-: STOKE. at Baldwin’s corner, cotton avenue, macon, ga. IrPHCl r PHC subscri'ocre are sow receiving u genera! stock X oi new staple nnd fancy Dry Goods, Shoes, Boots mid Iltits, Also Calf Skins, Sole Leather, Hog Skin*, Boot Mo rocco, Boot und Saddle idling.-, Snue Thread, Peggs and Lasts. Snperior Anchor Brand Bolting Clolhs. Paper Hangings and Bordering. Crockery-ware. PAINTS AND OILS. Pure White -Lead ground in Oil, Extra and No. 1 und 2 ground in Oil, Colored Paints, Best quality Linseed, Tanncts and Lamp Oil, Class, I’to tv. &c All of which will be sold low for Cash A. J. & D. W. ORR. Oct. 25, 1313 2 3 3m. BONN E T 8 . THE subscriber has Just received a fresh supply of Hue and fashionable Florence, Tuscan, and Straw Bonnets. Also, a few DRESS PATTERNS, rich Mouslin de Lane ; an assortment of Elastic and Half long 1 Mins; Rich and Fashionable Dress Silks at reduced prices; Also one p:e ;c Turkey Satin. G. L. WARREN, One door above Geo. A. Kimberly’s Hat Store. Macon, Nov. 1, 1343. 24-ts KIMBERLY’S {£THat Store sod) CONSISTING OF GENTLEMENS’ LEGHORN PANAMA, MANILLA, AND PALM LEAF HATSi All of which, will be sold as low as the lowest. Muy 24. 8 Bag ging and Hope. 5 BAI.ES Gunny Cloth, 45 inch wide,. 100 Piecos Kentucky Hemp Bagging', 50 Coil Manilla Bale Rope. For sale by CHARLES DAY & CO. Macon, Nov. 15, 1843. 26 ts Bagging and Hope. (A/A/A PIECES heavy Gunnv Bagging, t’vJu 100 “ Kentucky, do 50 “ Rosin, do 200 “ Coils Manilla Rope, 500 lbs. Bagging Twine. For sale on reasonable terms, by CHAS. CAMPBELL &. CO. Aug. 23, 1843. 15 GROCERIES. f IIHP. subscribers continue to keep on hand nt tin JL old stand, opposite the Washington Hall, a good assortinentof Groceries, Bagging,Saif, Iron, Ac., which they will sell low for cash. C. CAMPBELL A CO. ?sacon, June 7, 1813. 4 ts DEMOCRATIC BANKER FREE TRADE; LOW DUTIES; NO DEBT; SEPARATION FRO NX BANES; ECONOMY; RETRENCHMENT AND A STRICT ADHERENCE TO THE C. C.ILHOIW. From the N. Y. Evening Post. Rural Lite in Florida. Our correspondent at Copper Creek, who, our readers will see is a wit, has 1 sent us this second letter: COPPER CREEK, E. FLORIDA. Dec. 16th, 1843. Already do some of us contemplate the propriety of having a duty laid upon tropical fruits, to encourage the growth of our young sucklings. Let the Clay whig tariffites ‘<chew that hitter almond.” It is just as reasonable as any other part of the protective jnolicy. The duty need only be very high at first, while our plants are in their infancy, asthe advices I have heard from from Mr. Clay remark. As the productiveness of our plantations j increases* the tax upon the importation of oranges, lemons, pines, tAe. from the West Indies may be diminished, The rising generation and all punch drinkers will remember Mr. Clay, if this be done, if the elections of 1844 forget him. If the salt we use is taxed—when the very fish themselves are leaping out of the living water as though it were too fresh —salt, a necessary of life, why should not fruits—a luxury ? A prohibitory duly ou ell fruits which caunol be ripen ed with certainty north of Cape Canaveral would give such an impulse to my two hundred rows of pine apples, that they would lie in danger of disengaging them selves from their (adopted) mother earth, in their struggles and rivalry. It may 1 lie urged that we can manufacture our own salt in the latitude of Abaco. So we can, but it is more refreshing to tend j n springing verdure in Decemtxr than to i evaporate sa’t water, and besides we have other fish to fry. We make our own ; lime from oyster-shells, our own tar from 1 pitch pine, our own oil from sharks and i saw fish, and tan our own hides—in more senses than one—and yet cannot obtain the cheap fabrics of Great Britain, by way of the Bahamas, on account of the anarch custom’s chain-the ‘damned customs’ to encourage the growth of northern manufactories. It is hard to persuade tnyneiglibors of the ungenerous nature of their anticipations in view of the undoubted advantages that would accrue to ourselves, were the price of an orange twenty-five cents, and a pine a dollar. Our cotfee plants too, it must be remembered, may need some encour agement, though we shall not ask for a duty on that beverage until we have en ough for our own boiling. By the bye, a remark in my last, about “lecturing on temperance,” may be misapprehended. It is useless here, because We have not a drop of intoxicating liquor on the whole lagoon. lam vice president myselfof a teetotal society two hundred miles long ; and it is this, I may also observe, that probably conduces to the perfect health of the coast. There is not even the ex cuse of keeping a little for medicine, when doctors starve for want of patients. Five have left us for more congenial lo cations and three remaining ones have turned their attention to the inocculation of sour orange trees and other vegetative settings. No one, without experience, can im agine the enjoyment attendant on our fishing duties. No angling with pole and line, but with the largest hooks and strongest lines we literacy run the fish ashore, and with difficulty stand upon them until unhooked. They are some times too strong for us in the deep, rapid inlet. I have been pulled in up to my knees in the water and yielding sand, and when a comrade ran to my assistance asthe last of the line was nearly out, it parted like a string of lamp-wick.— Throwing the castnet for mullet on the flats, either from the bow ofaboat or wad ing in the bright water andgolden sands, is the most enticing. The cast net, you know, is of a conical shape, with tucks running from the lead line at the lase, i through a hore at apex, to the hand line. When thrown witha whirl, it expands cen'rifugally and strikes the water flat, the leads sinking immediately, and being i drawn together by the hand lineattached to the tucks, the leads come up to the horn at the apex, and the whole forming a circular bag, with its contents, is lilted ; into the boat or carried on shore—then with the right hand holding the upper end of the tucks, the horn is lifted up by the left hand, bringing the net to its | original shape, and the fish drop out. The net is then ready for another | throw. Some are more expert with it j than others, but any one can learn its | use in a short time. A hawk was caught j with one at Fort Pierce. Rarely is the sport abandoned until the boat is over loaded and nine-tenths of the cargo de stined for manure. And these are fish, that in size rival, in flavor equal, and in r atness surpass your northern early shad, and with roes that you know nothing aliout. Were I inclined to exaggerate. I could say that in jumping out of the wa ter they knock the birds into it. I saw it happen once with a flock of snipes, though it may never happen again, and l have seen a porpoise knock one out u! the water and catch it in the air. The transaction was seen too near my skiff to make another desirable to witness, if it MACON, WEDNESDY, JANUARY 24, 1844. was usual, which 1 do not pretend to aver. Their plan is to strike them lateral- j ly with their horizontal tail, and catch them in their trap-shaped mouth. At night we rig a plank across tiie boat and build a pitch pine fire at each end, about two feet from the boat. Then all kinds crowd around and the net is thrown at random, covering mullet, sheep-head, ' drum, pompinos, sailor’s choice, bass, trout, and catfish, large and small, in in discriminate confusion. In the day time 1 a selection is made by meeting orlollow- J ing the schools of large mullet. A meditative naturalist with leisure— and it may be indulged in during the ] most laborious occupations—would not soon weary in these lagoons. lam no philosopher; but have observed what I have never read of; and which exempli fies the ability of the vital principle to | overcome the intractability of matter and even the laws of matter. Every optician knows the reason why an object—a , bright picayune for instance; at the ; bottom of clear water, is well defined to I the eye above the surface, when the best : diver under water only sees a confused and enlarged briliancj. The refraction ! of the rays of light on entering the outer lens of the eye is not altered in the first case, while the difference of density be tween the water and the eye of the diver —the convexity of the outer lens remain ing stationary—is so much reduced that the refraction is materially lessened, in the other case. Now, I had heretofore thought that the peculiar appearance of a turtle’s eyes arose from its long exposure to the air; but its eyes aro just the same when first caught, or when it darts away with the arrowy fleetness of a trout. Its eyes have to be aeufely used in both ele ments, and it is provided with an addi tional flat lens outside, so that the angle of refraction is not changed when above or bcjow the water. A pair of nav;d spectacles ! It is a different spectacle to contemplate when done up into soup of steaks at YVmdust’s or Florence’s, 1 know ; but it does seem to me that na ture is more observant and active in these latitudes than in the North, and that she takes care of individuals as well as of species. It is perhaps only that our opportunities to observe are multiplied, not her creative powers increased. Yet, in several cases, successful copies from one kingdom to another—from animal to vegetable and from vegetable to ani-' mal; but my limits are short, and I shall get out of my depth,and if any think that new races of animals are not continually forming, or that creation has ceased, I do not wish to disturb their tranquility not to attract them from their frigid domains to observe for themselves. Yours, &c. SEMPER IDEM. l ' Spurting in.Mcvioo. The annexed extract istaken fjrom that new and interesting publication “Mexico as it was and is,’* by Brantz Mayer, Sec retary of Legation to that country. “ After the shower had passed, we again sallied forth, and, reaching the marshy flats, amused ourselves With watching the operations of Ignacio in stead of making war ourselves upon the birds. After wandering about for soma time without starting game, Ignacio at last perceived a flock alight a hundred yards to the north of him. He dismoun ted immediately—waved his hand to us to remain quiet—crouched behind the hull, and, putting the animal in motion, in the direction of the birds, they both ' crept on together until within gun shot. Hern, by a twitch at his fail, the beast was stopped, .and began munching the tasteless grass as eagerly as if gratifying a relishing appetite. Ignacio then slow ly raised his headtoalevel with thebull’s i spine and surveyed the field of battle, I while the birds paddled about the fens i unconscious of danger. Although evi- ' dently within good shooting distance, j tiie tiro discovered that he had not pre- i cisely got a raking range ; and, therefore 1 again dodging behind his rampart, put ! the bull in motion for the required spot. This attained he levelled his gun on the animal’s back and fired—honest Sancho never stirring his head from the grass ! | Several birds fell, while the rest of the j flock, seeing nothing butan unbeiigerent ! bull, scarcely flew more than a dozen yards before they alighted again ; and thus the conspiring beast and sportsman j sneaked along, from shot to shot, until nearly the whole flock were bagged. Death of Madame Galitzine. We announce, with deep regret, the decease of this excellent lady, on the Bth ultimo, at St. Michael, Louisiana. Madame Galitzine was the cousin of the Emperor Nicholas, and a princess of the blood royal. She was born in Rus sia in the year 1796, and educated in the creed of the Greek Church. At the age of eighteen she became a convert to the Roman Catholic faith, and not long af terwards, sacrificing all the splendor of her elevated rank, and the luxuries of wealth, she entered as an humble novice in the Society of the Ladies of the Sa cred Heart. This occurred in France, in 1826. In 1828, having terminated her noviciate, she repaired to Rome, where she was employed in the office of the superior general of the society Ten years subsequently she was appointed as sistant general ; and in 1840, she was sent to America, in the capacity of supe rior provincial. After visiting the bou ses of the order previously established, she founded three new ones, and return ed to France in the spring of 1842. At the earnest request of all the members of the society in America, and with the ap probation of the superior general, she re- 1 visited America in 1843. After spend ing a short time at the various houses of the order in Canada and the Northern States, she arrived at St. Louis at the commencement of the pres nt season ; ! and her health being somewhat impair ed, and fearing the severity of a cold cli ; mate, she hastened to Louisiana, where . she intended to spend the winter. She I was soon attacked by the prevailing epi ' demic, and after a severe illness of nine days, departed this life, regretted not on | ly by the members of her order, but by 1 all who knew her. ; Our hasty notice of this distinguished : woman might end here ; but Christians of all denominations will feel sufficient , interest in such a personage, to reouire 'some few additional details of her char . acterand acquirements. When we thus behold the most elevated rank and un ; bounded wealtli sacrificed by a lady, 1 without a sigh, for a profession attended with unremitting labor, and almost none j but spiritual consolations, whatever he our religious belief, we must pause in ad miration of her motives and conduct.— But Madame Galitzine was not distin guished by rank and sacrifices only.— She was a woman of powerful mind, and cultivated by varied learning, and devoted to the elegant arts. She was an excellent classical scholar, and Greek, Latin, Italian, French, and English, were almost as familiar to her as her na tive Russian. She excelled as a painter in oils, and used her pencil with great freedom and rapidity. She has left be hind her, scattered through Europe and America, a number of paintings, some of which arc of large size and of ennsidera ble merit. One of them adorns the chap ter of the convent of the Sacred Heart in this city. Her religious character was as much distinguished by her fervid piety, as she J was characterized in her official duties : by intelligence, promptitude and energy. | She has done much for the cause of fe male education in this country, and giv ! en a powerful impulse to all the semina j ries under the charge of the ladies of her j society, to whom her loss will be indeed irreparable.—*SV. Loris Arid. The great Haarlem Organ. I left Leyden with regret, and pursued j my way to Haarlem by the Trecksclmyt. The canal between the two towns tis thought very fine. The greater part of my stay in this town was spent in listen ing to the famous organ. It is, indeed, “ the sovereignest thing on earth,” and seems made of the very soul and essence of musical harmony. The variety of its tones is astonishing; and its power in imitating all instruments, whether single or combined, can neither be conceived by those who have not been in Haarlem, nor described by those who have. Tiie warlike flourish of the trumpet, tiie clear note of the octavo, and the mellow tone of the flute, are heard in succes sion, when these appear to swell into a thousand instruments, and the senses are nearly overpowered by the united effect of a most powerful and harmonious mili tary band, which again sinks away into those more gentle and impressive sounds which an organ alone can produce.— ! The organist, whose name is Schumann, played a very fine battle piece, in which every imaginable sound of joy and sor row—fear, courage, misery, and despair —were combined with the roaring ofi musketry, the thunderous sweep of can non. and the loud and irresistible charge of a thousand horses; and commingled with these, during the dread intervals of comparative silence, were the shouts of the victors, the lamentations of the wounded, and the groans of the dying.! No painting could have presented so clear and terrible a picture of two mighty armies advancing in battle array, min gling in the mortal conflict, and convert ing the face of nature into one universal scene of confusion, dismay, and death Rarely does music produce an eflect on the mind so permanent as cither poetry or painting; but in my own case there is, in this instance, an exception to the general rule. I have listened “to the notes angelical of many a harp,” but nev er were my ears seized with such ravish ment as on the evening I passed at Haar lem. The organist afterwards took me up to the organ loft, where I was favor- j ed with a near inspection. I thought j the appearance of the keys very’ diminu tive, when contrasted with the sublime effect produced by them. There are about five thousand pipes belonging to this organ. The largest is thirty-eight feet long, and fifty inches in diameter.— Blackwood:s Magazine. In the great kissing case, in N. J., the jury could not agree. Someof the jurors were ungallant enough to disbelieve the fair plaintiff herself, who solemnly avow ed that she had been kissed. A Friendly Visit. In the little town of Dover, which is situated on the Cumberland river, in Middle Tennessee, there lived some years ago, says the Picayune, an eccen tric and intemperate old bachelor, by the name of Kingston. On one occasion, when prostrated on his bed by excess, and suffering acutely from those stings nnd horrors, peculiar to his situation, lie sent for one of his old boon companions to come and visit him. Shryack, for that was the other’s name, came duly to Kingston’s room. “ What’s the matter, Kingston ?” “ SJyrack, shut the door.” “ Yes, my dear fellow.” “ I lock it.” “ Eh ?” “ I .ock she door.” “Certainly, my dear boy.” “Shryack, I’m going to kill myself.” “My dear fellow, let me entreat you not to do it.” “1 will.” “ No, no—oblige me and don’t.” “ Must do it.” “ Don t it'il be the death of you!” Shryack was quite cool and jocose, little dreaming that so terrible an event was actually going to take place. Kingston had, as the last eccentric act of his life, taken a chisel and mallet to lied with him, and now, with desperate resolve, he seized the extraordinary tools of death, and in an instant drove the blade of the chisel into his breast! The hair rose upon Shryack’s head, nnd fright spread like a sheet of snow over his face. “ Kingston ! Kingston ! my dear fel low—you d—d rascal, Kingston !do you want to have me hung ? Hold on ! don’t you die till 1 call somebody !” Shryack ran to the door, and called like a madman to some people across the street. “ Hallo ! here ! say, you Mister! all you stupid people, make haste over here, or there’ll be a murder !” The people crowded into Kingston’s house. “Dont die, Kingston! Don’t chisel me that way ! Dod’t die till you tell them who did it.” “ I did it myself,” said Kingston.” “ There, that’ll do; now, my dear fel low, you may die,” replied Shryack, ta king a long breath and wiping the pres piration from his forehead. And Kingston did die, in that extraor dinary manner, leaving his late to lie re corded as a suicide that was almost a muder. Tiie Atmospheric Railway. The London Mechanics’ Magazine for Oct. 1813, says : ‘Another trial of the Atmospheric Railway, which is now completed be tween Dublin and Dal key, ou the plan of Messrs. Clegg and Snmuda, took place last week, when the results obtained were even more surprising and satisfac tory than before. We have seen a letter from a gentleman wfm was present, who states that the speed attained was fully sixty miles an hour, nnd that all parts cf the machinery worked with great exact ness. It would seem as we might now almost venture to pronounce the days of the steam railway as numbered. A speed of a mile a minute, is as great ft stride lieyond the present rail-way speed as that was beyond the stage-coach rate of twenty years ago. A Happy Old Farmer. Said a venerable farmer eighty years of age, to a relative who lately visited liiin—“ I have lived on tiiis farm more than half a century. I have no desire to change my residence as long as 1 live on earth. 1 have no wish to be any richer than l now am- I have worship ped the God of my fathers with the came people for more than forty years. Du ring that period I have scarcely ever been absent from the sanctuary on the Subbath, and never have lost more than one communion season. I have never been confined to my lied of sickness for a single day. The blessings of God have been richly spread around me, and j 1 have made up my mind long ago, that ; if 1 wished to be any happier, I must have more religion .” Ron Mot. “Mr Clay, !” said an eccentric genius who met him on a steamboat; “Mister Clay, (at the same time catching hold of his coat,) what is your opinion of the Tariff!” ‘Why,’ said Mr. Clay, composedly, try ing to disengage his gaument, “my opin ion is, that this coat will tear if you don’t let go.” Fair Hit »t the Transcendental Ist* Instead of saying to a young body: “pleasqge to take my arm,” you should say, in this polite age, “will you conde scend so far to sacrifice your own con venience to my pleasure, as to insert the five digitals and part of the extremity of your contiguous arm through the angu lar apture formed by the crooking of my elbow agamst the perpendicular portion of my animal frame ?” j O.ZC. from th.t ional Intelligence j. House or Ret kkskktatives, JANUARY, 10th, ABOLITION PETITIONS. The House passed to the regular order, of business of the morning hour, being' the motion of A. V. Brown to recommit the report to the Select Committee ou the Rules to the said committee. Which motion Mr. Black, of Georgia, had moved to amend by adding thereto instructions to the said committee ib re port back to the House the rule common ly known asthe 21strul<», [i. e. that which excludes abolition petitions.] Mr. Rhett said that he rose to vindicate the right oi petition, so often spoken of here as great and unallienable. Not that he had the remotest idea that any thing he might or could say would have the least efleet in changing the determin ation of the House, or in saving the rule' which excluded abolition petitions from being rescinded. He had no doubt that its repeal had been decided on. He spoke not on account of the rule, but for the sake of those Democratic members from the Northern States who had on this matter acted with the South in establish ing and endeavoring still to retain it, and his object was to show that the course they had pursued was in strict conformi with the Constitution. Mr. R. said he had listened with pain in order to discover what it was that o-en tlemen meant by affirming that the sa cred right of petition had been infringed by the action of the House. What wits the right of petition ) A right implied 1 something of practical use, a positive benefit. To talk of a constitutional right which was of no practical benefit 1 assessor, was to talk of an absurdity.— And to suppose that if our Revolutionary ‘ fathers who framed the Constitution iti- I tended to insert this right of petition in ■ the Constitution they would leave its 1 meaning in doubt, was to east a slander on their understanding or their integrity. Tt was said that the right of petition was violated by the House whenever it refu sed to receive abolition petitions presen ted by gentlemen in that Hall; and it must he equally violated by receiving those petitions and laying them on the table. Else what sort of a right was it 1 M hat practical difference was there be tween refusing to receive these petitions, and receiving and then immediately lay ing them upon the table 1 This right was as much violated when (lie House, after receiving the petitions, postponed their considerations to a day certain, or rejected them altogether ; if not, then it was in fact no right at all. It was not u thing worth talking about To talk of people’s coming to the assembled wisdom of tiieir Representatives in that Hall with such a plea, was to treat them with con tempt. No, gentlemen must mean more than this they must hold that the right of pe tition denied to the House any summary mode of disposing of these abolition me morials at nil, and compelled it not only to receive, but to refer and to report upon them. Respect for gentlemen who in sisted so loudly on the right, compelled him to suppose they meant this: because otherwise they were talking nonsense. And if this was their understanding of the right, he was prepared to show that their doctrine was not only unsanctioned by the constitution, but that it upset the constitution. The right of petition had not been dis regarded by our ancestors ; far from if: on the contrary they regarded it very highly, and in the constitution it was stated distinctly that no law should be passed by Congress infringing the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition Government for a redress of grievances. This had been added as one of the amendments to the constitu tion, and he prayed gentlemen to look at all die other amendments to it and they would find that they all had exclusive re ference to personal rights of the people. [Mr. R. here quoted the constitution.) — What were these rights ot carrying arms in time of peace, if having their persons, houses, and papers free from search, of suing out the writ of habeas corpus, but personal rights and privileges which it was the will of the peaple should uot be violated ? At the time this constitutiofl was form ed it was notorious that these rights were violated. The country whence we drew our origin, and by which we had been held in colonial dependence, had viola ted them : and their violation constitu ted a great public grievance. The Gov ernment threw an impediment in the way of the people’s peaceably assembling to petition for redress. The riot act did this, which was passed in the reign of George 1,- and which had been enacted long before in the days of Edward IV, and was again enforced in the times of James 1. This very law constituted the first act passed by Parliament under the reign of the House of Hanover. [Mr, R. here quoted the riot ncQ Here was a hindrance which forbade the people peaceably to assemble to ex ercise the right of petition ; here was *