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loiimbucbasi .d.mu jl>ild. The most perfect Government would he that which, emanating directly from the People, Governs least —Costs least—Dispenses Justiccto all, and confers Privileges on None.—BEN T TIIAM. BY T. S. REYNOLDS. AMERIC AN DEMOCRAT, PUBLISHED WEEKLY OVER OLD DARIEN BANK. MULBERRY STREET, MACON, GA. AT $2,50 PER ANNUM, 53-luvariably Paid in Advance.^ Rates of Advertising, &c. One square, of 100 words, or less, in email type, 75 cents for itie first insertion, and 50 cents for each subsequent inser Con. All Advertisements containin'more than 100 and less than 20J words, will be charged as two squares. To Yearly Advertisers, a liberal deduction will be made. fry- N. B. Sales of LAND, by Administrators, Executors. Guardians, are required, by law, to be held on the firs 1 Tuesday in the month, between the hours of 10 in the fore noon and 3 in the afternoon, at the Court-House in the Coun ty in which the properly is situated. Notice of these must foe given in a public Gazette, SIXTY DAYS, previous to the •day of sale. Sales of PERSONAL PROPERTY, must be advertised in the same manner, FORTY DAYS previous to the day ol sale. Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an Estate, must be pub lished FORTY Days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordi t irv, for leave to sell LAND, must be published FOUR MONTHS Sales of NEGROES, must be made at public auction, on the first Tuesday of the month, between the legal hours us sale at the place of public sales in the comity where the lel t„rs testamentary, of Administration or Guardianship, shall have been granted, SIXTY DAYS notice being previously given in -me of the public gazettes of this Slate, anl at the door of the Court-House, where such sales are to beheld. Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must he published fo r FOIJK MONTHS, bufure any order absolute shall be made thereon by the Court. Cl business of ibis nature, will receive prompt attention, a the o nce of the AMERICAN DEMOCR AT. REMITTANCES BY MAIL.—“A Postmaster may en close money in a letter to the publisher of a newspaper, to pay the subscription of a third person, and frank the letter, if writien by himself.” Anwa Kendall , P. M. O. All Letters of business must be adJtesscd to the Publishbii, Post-Paid. Thoughts on I)c.ith. Life! thou art gliding by ; Swiftly thy seasons fly, Atnl eaclt returning day brings death more near — llow can thy chains divide 1 , How can I lay aside The loves, the cares, that hind my spirit here! For I am not alone; The loved I call tny own Are round me, and the 41 voi - cs of my home Persuade me here to stay ; Those winning tones—they sav, Thou art our all—Oh ! leave us not alone. N..t in the yielded breath Lies the dread woe of death; For the helov.nl and left ascends the prayer; For the unshielded years, For childhood’s unmarked tears— Ttie motherless! atone iu lheir despair. Will the prayer rise i't vain I May I not here remain ! Vv'tll not our God a little longer spare, That with recovered strength, I*repared, 1 may at leftgt t Cd lichee, with hope unclouded bv despair! Sojourners Here t*e are ; Strangers our fathers were— A fleeting shadow emblem of our days. God of the earth and sea! (lur lives are It’d in I hoe Through life—in death—Thy love surrounds cur ways. Then, with submissive trust, Let “ dust return to dust; ’ Earth's riven chains shall set the spirit free * Let no vain murmur rise, No sad tears dint the eyes That, closed to life, may soon a brighter see. Know that the “ Lord is God - ’ — Bow to the chastening rod ; Our Father’s house has many mansions fair, Where the beloved oi earth Shall gain a holier birth, And all “the image ofthe heavenly” boar. < [Hartford 7 \mcs. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 3 , iOaL3TOISI. Forsyth, March 27 —45—if. OLIVER H. PRINCZS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, •MJiCOJT, c E ORdlnt. June 266 —ts. M JOHNSTON, GEO. T'rOFFlCßover the old Darien Bank. March 27—45—ts. tv a s him; ntN hall MACON, Ga. THE subscriber has again taken this ES“ lablishllicnt, Where he will clirayt be happy to attend to the calls of his customers, and the travelling public generally. Macon, April 3—46 S. LA^ILIR. SANDS’ SARSAPARILLA THIS invaluable Medicine, so much cal led for of late, is now to he had at the proprietor’s prices, at GEORhE PA\ NE’S DRUG STORE— wito is Agent for the s imr. April 10, 1841. 17—If 23M03EATIC 33.1TXT3E,— “ jFm STraie, ao to Stttfes, #0 Debt, Separation from UanUs, Economy, iictrntcliitmtt, anti a Strict 215 hr mice to the Constitution. ’ MISCELLANY, _ Tne last Hope of the Aged. During our tedious passage to the north, I remarked among the steerage passen gers a man who seemed to keep himself apart from the rest. He wore the uni form of the Foot Artillery, and sported a Corporal’s stripes. In the course ofthe afternoon, I stepped before the funnel and entered into conversation with him, learned that he had been invalided and sent home from Canada, had passed the Board of London, obtained a pension of ashillingaday, and was returning to a border village where he had been born, to ascertain whether any of a family were living from whom he had been separated for nineteen years. He casually admit ted, that during this long interval he had held tio communication with his relations; and I set him down accordingly as some wild scapegrace, who had stolen from a home whose happiness his follies had compromised too often. He showed me his discharge—the character was excel lent—but it only went to prove how much men’s conduct will depend upon the circumstances under which they act. He had been nineteen years a soldier—a man ‘ under authority”—one obedient to another’s will, subservient to strict dis cipline, with scarcely a free agency him self, and yet during that long probation he had been a useful member of the bo dy politic, sustained a lair reputation, and as he admitted himself, been a contented and a happy man. He returned home his own master, and older by twenty years. Alas! it was a fatal free agency i'or him, for time had not brought wis dom. The steward told me that he had run riot while his means allowed it—had missed taking a passage twice, and had on the preceding evening, come on board when not a shilling remained to waste in drunken dissipation. I desired that the poor rouse should be supplied with some little comforts during the voyage —and when we landed at Berwick, I gave him a sterling sum, to assist him to reach his native village, where he had ob tained vague intelligence that some aged members of his family might still be found. A few evenings afterwards, I was sit ting in the parlor of one of the many lit tle inns 1 visited while rambling on the banks of the Tweed, when the waitress informed me that “a soldier was spearin’ after the Colonel.” He was directed to attend the presence—and my lellow voy ager. the artilleryman, entered the chain* be I, and made his military salaam. ‘T thought you were now at Jed burgh.” “1 went there, sir, but there has not been any of my family for many a year residing in that place. I met an old packman on the road, and he tells me them are some persons in this village of tny name. 1 came here to make inqui ries, and hearing that your honor was in the house, 1 made bold enough to ask for you.” “ilave you walked over?” “Yes, sir.” “’Tis a long walk, go down and get some supper before you commence in quiries.” The soldier bowed and left the room, and presently the host entered to give me directions lor a route among the Chev iots, which I had contemplated to take the following day. 1 mentioned the soldier’s errand. “Sure enough,” returned the host; “there are an an Id decent couple of the name here. What is the sodger called ?” “William,” I replied; for by that name his discharge and pension bill were fill ed up. “I’ll slip across the street to the auld folks,” said Boniface, “and ask them a few questions.” The episode of humble life that follow ed was afterwards thus described to me by mine host. He found the ancient couple seated at the fire—the old man reading a chapter in the Bible, as was bis custom always before he and his aged partner retired for the night to rest. The landlord explain ed the object of the soldier’s visit, and inquired if any of their children answer ed the description ot the wanderer. “It is our Jock !” exclaimed the old woman, passionately, “and the puirne’er dewecl has came hame at last to close his mother’s eyes.” “Na,” said the landlord, “the man’s name is Wolly.” “Then he’s nae our barin,” returned the old man with a heavy sigh. “ Weel, vveel—His will lie done !” said his helpmate, turning her blue and faded eyes to heaven: “1 thought the prayer I so often made wild yet be granted, and Jock wud come home and get my bles sin’ ere I died.” “He has! he has !” exclaimed a brok en voice; and the soldier, who had fol lowed the landlord unperceived and lis tened at the cottage door, rushed into the room, and dropped kneeling at his moth er’s feet. For a moment she turned her eyes with a fixed and glassy stare upon the returned wanderer. Her hand was laid upon his head—her lips parted as it aboutto pronounce the promised blessing —but no sounds issued, and she slowly leaned forward on the bosom ol the long MACON, WEDNESDAY', JULY 17, 1844. lost prodigal, who clasped her to his arms ! “Mither! mither! speak and bless me !” Alas ! the power of speech was gone forever ! Joy like grief, is often fatal to a worn out frame. The spirit had calm ly passed- -the parent had lived to see and bless her lost son, and expired in the arms of one, who, with all his faults ap peared to have been her earthly favorite.” — Maxwell’s wanderings in the High lands Punch’s Mirror of PnrDament, The customs duties bill.— Mr. Laboucheie complained of the blow that had been struck at the coopers by the pro tection that had been afforded to Cana dian staves. Mr. W. Williams wished to know whether the protection to Cana dian staves would extend to the Canadian Boat Song—the beautiful staves of which had become very popular in this coun try. (Hear.) On the motion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, that the duty on foreign coffee should be reduced to 6d., and the duty on coffee to 2d pei pound, Mr. Ewart said he was glad the honorable gentleman was disposed to take coffee at this early hour of the even ing, for it was desirable that a sober viewsliould lie taken. (Hear.) He (Mr. Ewart,) would ask the house to look at America. The Chancellor of the Ex chequer : But America has no grow ers. Mr. Ewart: Does the honorable gentleman mean to say that America lias no growers ? Perhaps he is thinking of the American dwarf!—or General Tom Thumb, as he is generally—(a laugh) yes, I say generally—(much laughter)—generally called. (Confin ed laughter, and much cheering.) Mr. W. Gibson was disposed to put coffee on one side, and go at once into cocoa.— Coffee was a strong and powerful inter est, but cocoa was weak, wretchedly weak; and he thought it unfair that its weakness should be taken undue advan tage of. (Hear, and a laugh.) Mr. Al derman Humphrey, on the clause about plums preserved in sugar, expressed his intention to meet it with a direct tiega live. He always found, as a family man that if he put a plum in sugar, it was the very worst wayot preserving it; for it was to be carried away by one of the children. (Great laughter.) Perhaps plums might be said to be preserved when they were in puddings, but let any one look at a plum pudding after a few days. (The rest of the honorable member’s speeches was drowned in shouts of merriment.) — Sir Robert Peel was not surprised that his honorable friend, (Alderman Hum phrey,) encouraged by his recent success with lobster and turbot, should have tri ed his hand at pudding. (Hear.) Some thing had been said about apples and an alleged understanding with Lord Mel bourne. Now he (Sirß. Peel) had had no understanding about apples, except that it had been intimated to him (Sir R. Peel) that some of the late Government were cut to the core on their being turn ed out. (Cheers.) Sir E. Knatchbull begged pardon of the house, but apples had really made him very uneasy. He was pledged to the fruit growers of Kent, a deputation of whom had waited on him some time ago about their apples, and “go it my pippin” were the words addressed to him. After a few words, all at once,from Dr. Bowring, Mr. Hume, Mr. W. Williams, and Mr. Roebuck, the resolutions were agreed to. The leaving off place.— The New Orleans Tropic has a capital cor respondent in Arkansas, who tells the fol lowing funny story: 111 18—, Gov. thinking the “cir cumstance of war” looked very belliger ent at the Arkansas frontier, and antici pating Indian hostilities, called upon the militia of the counties B —, W—, etc. to prepare for a defence and reprisal, in case of outrages. The county of F- was not named among the others. This Col. N. of that county, resented highly, con voking the citizens, and declaring to them in a set speech, that they were as chilvalric as any county in the state or in the United States. In the course of his declamation, he mentioned that one Col. Ross had said, a handful of squaws might drive the militia to the East of the Mississippi, immediately and honest yoc man bawled out, “ T-h-a-fs a l-i-e ! ’ “Do you mean that Col Ross told a lie, or that I told it?” interrogated the orator. “You tell a d-a-m-ne-d l-i-e !” was the rejoinder. Col. N. turning to Capt TANARUS., remarked, “Captain mind where I leave off,” left his rostrum, went up to the fel low, and knocked him down. “Captain T. where did I leave off?” “Bout the liijin squaws.” “Yes, Col Ross says the Injin squaws can drive us beyond the Mississippi “You tell a d-a-m-n-e-d l-i-e !” again drawled out the hoosier. “Do you mean that Col Ross told a lie, or do you mean I told a lie ?” “You told a d-a-m-n-e-d l i-e ! ’ Capt. T. miud where I leave off.” So saying, down he knocked the fellow a gaiti. “Capt. T. where did 1 leave off ?■ “Bout the Injm squaws.” Here Col. N. resumed his harangue, but was suddenly checked in the very cream of his tale. The fellow whom he bad twice knocked down, had procured a long piece of a heavy grape vine, one end of which he grasped in both hands, and, stealing to the back of Col. N. brought it with a swing over his should ers, ha-v hak and down he fefehed him, adding, “Captain T. mind where 1 leave off!” This was all done to demonstrate the chivalry of the county of F . Go, anti sin no more. The first words printed in the language of the Sandwich Islands were, “go, sin no more;” and the second sentence was, “cease to do evil, and learn to do well.’ There are now several converted heath ens in good standing in the church, who ascribe their first impressions of Christian truth to these simple words. In farther illustration of the sublime power of the plain language of the Bible, I will relate the following story: In one of the New England states, many years ago, a young man was ar raigned to take his trial before a jury ot his country, on an indictment for theft. The testimony bore very strong against him; but his counsel labored with great skill to dispose of it so is to produce doubt of his guilt on the minds of his ju ry. He was better able to do this, in consequence of the sympathy which the good looks of the prisoner excited in his behalf. Not to occupy time with unne cessary details, I will proceed to that part of the case which illustrates my idea.— The counsel closed the argument for the prisoner with this passage : 1 must ask you, then, gentlemen of the jury, to render a verdict in this case in the spirit of kindness, and at the same time of admonition. Say to the prisoner, we are grieved to find that the testimony bears so strongly against you; but you may be innocent. Your guilt or your innocence is known to you and your Ma ker. We, falliblemen,have some doubts. Wc will not therefore confine you in prison, and shut you out from society. We will not put you in a cage, and treat you like a wild beast. You look like a man; yes, you look like a man —g J forth, then, and enjoy the free air of heaven. Mount up on the hills; look down thence upon the streams and vallies below; wan der among the forests and fields; look upon the smiles of children, and listen to the songs of the birds. Go forth; go free—go—go, and sin no more. In saying these last words, tears came into his eyes, his voice faltered, and he sat down. At the same time, the prison er arose from his seat, and as if acting under the influence of a command he could not resist, deliberately descended from the prisoner’s box, and was making his way out of the court room, when the sheriff grasped him by the collar. His counsel arose again, and said he hoped, if the prosecuting attorney and the jury had no objection, the court would order the sheriff to let him go. The prosecuting attorney, though un used to the melting mood, turned to the court with strange damp spots on each cheek, and with unusual quivering and softness of voice, said he had no far ther remarks to offer the jury. The court turned to the jury, saying ‘gentlemen, wc have no charge to give.’ Foreman.-- We have a verdict to ren der, of not guilty. Clerk.— So say you all, gentlemen ? The jurv bowed, and the prisoner like an uncaged bird, went on his way rejoic ing. Now the prisoner goes to pay his law yer’s fee, and is told by him, not a dollar will he accept that has not been honestly acquired. “If,” said he, “you have stolen this money, let none of your future earn ings be considered your own, until you have paid up the utmost farthing.” Useful man ! I honor you. The very next day the young man was seen doing service in the employment of the man who had lost the money. Many years have elapsed since these incidents occurred) and the rescued per son cannot now see or think of the words, “go, sin no more,” without weeping.— He is at this time a good citizen of Cin cinnati, a prosperous, an honest, and a pious mail. Sir Edward Bnlwcr Eytton. It should be remembered, to the hon or of Fi. L. Bulwer, that, although born to an independence, and to the prospect of a fortune, and inheriting by accident of birth, an advantageous position in so ciety, he has yet cultivated his talent with the most unremitting assiduity, equal to that of any ‘poor scholar,’ and has not suffered his ‘natural gifts’ to be smother ed by indolence or the pleasures of the wolrd. He is one of the most prolific authors of our time; and bis various ac complishments, habits of research, and extraordinary industry, no less than his genius, well entitle him to the rank he holds as or.c of ths most successful, in that branch of literature in which he eminently excels. We must not be daz zled by his versatility; we entertain no doubt about his real excellence, and we shall endeavor to fix his true character and definite position. Sir Edward Lyt ton Bulwer is the youngest son of Gen. Bulwer, of Heydon Hall, in the county ofNorfolk, and of Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Henry Warbnrton Lytton Esq of Knehwortb. Park. Herts, to the possession of which estate lie has just succeeded; and is connected on both sides ofthe house, with many noble and ancient families. He sat in parliament at an early age for the borough of St. Ives, and, subsequently, lor the city of Lincoln. His parliamentary cafeer was highly creditable, and in one respect, in special, has left an honorable testimonial to his exertions : we allude to the bill for the protection of dramatic copyright, which he brought in and carried. Me distinguished himself, at the same time, as an able political writer. Asa speaker he had won the respect of the house, tho’ his voice is weak, his manner is some what hesitating, and his style more flor id than accords with the taste of that as sembly. Histrain ofargumeutsiirmoiitD ted these disadvantages, and, what was more difficult still, induced honorable members to overlook a certain appear ance of fastidious nicety in dress, which by no means accords with their notions in general. He was made a baronet; the date and occasion oi which even we for get. His political labors interfered not in the least with his literary career, to the progress of which we now turn.— The development of his literary taste is ascribed to the influence of his mother, to whose charge lie was early consigned by his father’s deatht The ‘Percev’s Reilques’ was a favorite book of his childhood, and he wrote some ballads in imitation, when only five or six years old. He was never sent to atiy public school, but graduated at Cambrige. He, however, found for himself, a kind of education, which was of more importance to the development of genius than any he received at the University—by wander ing over the greater part of England and Scotland on foot during along vacation, and afterwards making a similar tour of France on horseback. He began to publish when only two or three and twenty, at first in verse : next anony mously a novel, now forgotten, entitled ‘Falkland.’ It hence appears, that his ; early attempts were failures. His first i successful work was ‘Pelham,’ and this established his reputation as u clever no velist. It was rapidly follo wed by ‘The Disowned,’ by ‘Devereux.’ and then by ‘Paul Clifford,, which stamped him as a man of genius. ‘Eugene Aram’ well sustained the high reputation thus gain ed.—New Spirit of the Age. The names of the judges who pro- 1 nouiiced the infamously outrageous sen tence upon the persecuted patriot, Tho mas VVilion Dorr should be handed down to the indignant execration of all posteri- j ty. They are Job Durfee, chief justice, William R. Staples, Levi Haile, and j George W. Drayton, associate juslices.— j The fame of Algernon Sydney lias im mortalised Jeffries, who otherwise would not have lived an hour in memory alter his death, and the fame of the martyred Emmet has done the same for the butch er Lord Norberry. The Rhode island judges may hope for a like immortality. Dfrith of Mrs. Margaret Davidson. —This remarkably talented and excel lent woman died at Saratoga Springs, the place of her residence, on Thursday, 27th inst, aged 57 years. She has long been afflicted with a painful disease, nnd has been a patient nnd submissive suffer er. She was the mother of the two young poetesses and authoresses, Lucre tin, and Margaret Davidson, whose works have lieen the subject of admiration both in this country and Europe. — N. Y. Tri bune. Another “ Sister of Charity" Case . — Another one of those cases which dis grace humanity and “ Native American” proscription nnd sectarianism, occurred last Saturday. One of those gentle, ami able and benevolent creatures, the “ Sis ters of charity,” who saved so many val uable lives here during the tearful chol era season, was passing up Market street when she met a young man with a roll of paper under his arm. “ You d— Papist b—said he to her, as she approached, and he struck her across the lace with his bundle. The helpless, humble, un offending woman made no reply, but tur ning up her eyes meekly towards Heav en, while a tear stole gently down, siie murmured a prayer for the wretch's for giveness. We ask every unprejudiced reader, how long are these things to be? If such be the beginning of Native Amer ican manliness and justice, what will be the end? If such be the genuine offspring of the “spare, oh spare the bible!” feeling of Nativism when it obtains the National Church for which it is laboring ?— Phil. Times. Os Abuses. —There is a time when men will not suffer bad things, because their ancestors have suffered worse.— There is a time when the hoary head of inveterate abuse will neither draw re venge, nor obtain protection.— Burke. When you ‘pop the question’ to a la dy, do it with a kind of laugh, as if you were joking. If she accepts you, very well, if she does not, you can sny 1 you were only in fun’. VOL. II—NO I). | POLITICAL. -Issi! ‘Tim i't Parvo. The following is Gen. Hamilton's re ply to an invitation to attend a Texas meeting in Macon comity Ain. Tt com : prises in the compass of a tint-shell, the great points in the Texas question. Oswtt HEE Bi nd, June 28, ’44. My dear Sir: I most deeply regret. I have made engagements for to-morrow I cannot violate, which preclude the pos sibility of my accepting the invitation to the public meeting, to be held at Auburn in Macon county; to discuss, without dis tinction of party, the annexation ques tion. 1 left in the Post Office in Colum bus, on Wednesday evening last, a letter to the committee of arrangements, com municating my regret to them of my in ability toaccepf theinvitation, with which they likewise honored me. You will permit me, my dear sir, to say, that the question itself involves one of those selfevident propositions, which requires no elaborate course of reasoning, at least as far ns the South is concerned, to elucidate or enforce. The proposition for the south is, shall we have an ally on the weakest point of our whole frontier, in entire sympathy with our interests and institutions, who shall have sworn allegiance to our Flag; or shall we build up there in effect a for eign power in hostility to them ! A con sequence inevitable, from the rejection of the proposals of Texas to become a member of our confederacy. The proposition for the whole nation is, shall the supply of the navigation, trade and manufactures of Texas belong to us, under our confederate legislation, or belong to a foreign or foreign nations, under discriminations in favor of their tonnage and exports. The question for loth is, shall these advantages he periled by delay ? In o’h er words was not immediate annexation necessary to secure them ? I believe it was. You will see I treat it as a question settled under the unfortunate rejection of the treaty by the senate of the U. S. that Texas is not to be annexed. The letters of Mr. Clay and Mr. Van Buren have so entirely fortified the pre tensions of Mexico, (for they are mere pretensions,) and so far justified the in terference of foreign nations, that it is now probably impracticable, except through theimmediate action of thcsoutliernstates; speaking in a language not to be misun derstood through a convention of them all. But from the unhappy divisions a mong ourselves, this, I presume, is just ns impossible as any human event can well be, although through the organ of u public meeting in this county 1 felt it my duty to submit such a proposition.— No, my good sir, these two, these candi dates tor the presidency, one of them still abiding in the field, have argued the question so thoroughly against their own country, and so effectually in favor of tho enemy (for Mexico is such essentially and irreversibly) that under the time serving submission of a majority ofthe senate of the U. States, the south haspsp bnbly lost forever an impregnable boun dary, and a staunch ally in the hour of danger and difficulty, and the whole U nion one of the most productive and co pious theatres for our commerce, naviga tion, and manufactures in die whole world. As to the northern senators, who have gone against us, we must leave them to 1 the tK-uleful garlands with which they I will he crowded by the abolitionists of their own country. They have certain ly labored most successfully in the voca (ion of our worst enemies. But what | shall we say to the senators of the south, 1 who, from no other motive but to sustain I Mr. Clay, and to prostrate Mr. Tyler and Mr. Calhoun, have sacrificed the in terests of their own states, by fixing us forever in a hopeless, degraded and colo nial minority ? Such au obedient senate has certainly not sat since the time of the Emperor Commodus. I must confess I lake a very gloomy view of public affairs. The south is di vided, prostrate, nnd undone, and pros trate and undone because she is divided. There is no invocation among us uffici ently powerful to recall the“buried warlike and wise.’ and the living seem to have no other fate but to diink deeply of the waters of bitterness and humiliation. I remain, mv dear sir, With esteem, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, J. HAMILTON. John J. Harper, Esq. Webster says n national bauk is "an obsolete idea.” Clay says “we want a national currency,” and undertakes to nrove that we ought to have a national bank, because “England, France, Aus tria, Russia, Holland, and all the great powers of Europe (!) have their national banks ” By the example ot those coun tries lie could just as readily prove that we ought to have a queen and babies by a foreign husband, supported by a star vin'’' people; that we ought to have a kin*' and barricades; despotic and cruel emperor#, nn<l ft population of ignorant serfs, working (or two com* a day.