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Iillii. ROME. -GA.. EEIDAI MOMIIg ( JiOyEpEK 21, 1851. . TUB ROMK < OUIltKK rtBLlSH FRIDAY .MOKNKJ BY J. KHOWlTEMt 0, ^teTms. Two.Dat.LAns per annum, it nnld in advance; Two Dollars ami Fifty bams If fluid wltliln six months J or Thraa Dollars at the end of the year. , natoe of Atlverilaisiff. bgOAL A»yn»TW»»*!*« will be inserted with strict Attention to ike requirements of the law, nt ttao following rates i ~ .Pour Months Notice, ?9 Notloe to Debtors and Creditors, - • *> 20 Sale ol Personal Property, by Exeeu-) 3 a6 tors, Administrators, 4so. 5 Sales or Land or Negroes, 80 days, t 5 u0 per square, ■ > . ■. Letters of Citation,. : * 2 15 Notion Tor Letters of Dismission. • ' 4 50 Candidates announcing their names, will be charged #5 00, which will bo required in advance. Husbands advertising their wives, will bo charged 85 00; which most alwnys bo paid In advance. All other.advertisements will be inserted at One Dollar per square, of twelve lines or less, Tor the Hrat, and Fifty Cents, for oaoli subsequent Inser ,l0 Llberal deductions will be made in favor ofthoso who ndvertlse bv the vear. BBSIXBSS GARBS. B. W. ROSS, DENTIST.. Home, Georgia Office over N. J. Omberg's Clothing Store January 16,1851. FRANCIS H. ALLEN, WHOLESALE AMD- RETAIL Healer in Staple and Funcy DRY GOODS AND GROGDRIES. (fr. Receives new goods every week. -4$ Roine.Gn., January 2. 1851. LIN & BRANTl,Y. WARE HOUSE, COMMISSION St PRODUCE ME HC HANTS, Atlanta, Ga. (jj.Liberal advances mado on any article Id Store. NOV.S8,1850. lv A. D. KHO & CO. COTTO V GIN MANUFACTURERS - Rome, Georgia. May 0. 1550. ALEXANDER & 4M.1IBLI,. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, ROME GA. Hot. S3. 1850. lv- H.AAS njaoaUAS. H oii»ac.« r iiauiltos. II Si (IA ft ORMAN, Factors & Commission Merchants, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA Oct. 3, ISftO, l OUtaLSS * HAMILTON. H THOMAS rtlRDEM.N lltUOBHAN * HAMIliT'ON, Warehouse & Commission Merchants, MAC ON, GEORGIA. Oct. 3, 1550. i !2m. »» A T T O N Si 1* A T T O N , attorneys at law, Rome, Geoigia. ■ WILT* Practice In aU ilie Countlesof the Cheto* ■Cd Circuit 48 Sept. 5, i860. 'tis X. FiTTOX* J. F. PATTON. DANIEL S. PBINTUP Agat for the Southern Mutual Insurance Company at Rome, Ga. INSOHE3 agaln.t toss by FIRE; nlso, LIVES of treont and Servants. CHECKS »nCharleston and New York, for sale DANIEL S. PRINTUP, Ariritlor the Bank of the Stnte ofSn. Ca Oct. 10. l35o, J. ID. DICItfSK SON* DRUGGIST—ROME. GEORGIA, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN .DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINT.S, OILS, DYE* * STUFFS, PERFUMERY,- &c. - October 10, 1850 Brand Street. ’ COULTER S COLLIER. AWQXINKYS AT LAW, Rome, Georgia. F«b. 3.185t. LANIER HOUSE, BY LANIER k SON. BATHING ROOMS ATTACHED. 5facon- Go. October 2,1851. VTM 11- UNDKRW00D& J. W- II. UNDERWOOD. WILL PRAC I ICE LAW TN i>ll tiie Counties of the Cherokee Circuit,^(ox L ccpt Dide). They will both pervoun.lly attend nil tho Courts. J. \V, H. UNDERWOOD will attend the Courts of Jackson uml Hnhar&lintn enmities of t he Western Circuit. Both will nttfrnd tho sennions of the SUPREME COURT at Cnssvilie nnd Gainesville.— All business ’iitrusted to t|iem will be promptly and faithfully attended to. OFFICE next door to Hooper & Mitchell, ‘‘Buena Vlata House,*’ Rome, Gn., at which place oue or both • wiltalways bo found, except iibsent on profession business. Jan .23 J85| Atlanta Machine Works (Lute Atlanta Iron Fnundery,) T HIS new CO.MPANX is now prepared to dt i work on short notion, ol heavy and light Cast. Ings from the latest improved potterna of Iron, Dross or CompojtjtiWPWI of which.will he warranted — ■ Turning, Boring and Drilling done to order, Also, screwcutting of 10-feet or under, ol any sized thread required. Heavy and light forging of wrought Iron or Steel dons In superior stylo. pArtioulak. ATTENTION Is called re their patterns for Mill Gearing, for Mer chant and Cu-dorn Flooring and Saw Mills,. Glaring of nil the usual sizes, and Bark Mills ' waysltept on hand. Wo hre nlso prepared to bt stationary. Engines npun the latest improvements of which will be sold low for cosh. Copper Hrqsa r *IW in exchange for work at cash prices. A. LEYDEN, “*• JAMES L. DUNNING, trio,, John McDonough. HUM WILLIAM RUSHTON inanvpre prnpti Gin nil build all and (Concluded from'last week's paper.)' Executive Department, ■ .) Milledgevillc, November 3, 1851. 5 Fellow Citizens—Of the Senate and House of liepresentfltives t Under a Joint Resolution of the last Gen eral Assembly', ns also the preceding otto, it was made my duty to appoint a Committee to' inquire into the State of Education in Georgia, to report to Abe next Legislature nn (he present Poor School luws, to recommend any alteration in the same that might to (hem seem advisable, or to suggest a plan for gen eral education, if conceived by them expedi ent, accompanied .with n Hill for carrying out the same.- Under the first Resolution, adop ted in 1847, the Hon. A. H Chappell, Bish op Elliot, and Dt. Leonidas B. Mercer, were appointed a Committee. They tailed, how ever, to report to the last Legislature. It is proper I nlso should stale, that a part of the Committee, ns came to my knowledge, bestowed considerable luborin collecting ma te; ials preparatory to the Report. A regret whs felt, and by none mure than myself, that a report from these gentlemen, so favorably and generally known, was not made. The Inst Legislature substantially adopted the Resolution of the preceding one, containing the same highly objectionnblo feature requir ing ine to appoint a committee to prepare a report upon this subject to the Legislature, “ provided the same could be done without cost to the State, or cost upon the School fund.” During the early part of the last year, nn opportunity tvns offered lor consultation with an eminent citizen, who, from education, f tursuits and practical experience, was well nfoimcd of the wants of the country in ref erence to the subject, and who kindly assur ed me of his willingness to serve the public in this respect, if upon reflection he should become satisfied tlmt ho could do so with sut- isfuctiop to himself or with bcnelit to others IVilhii, the last forty days, the Rev. George F. Pierce, the gentleman referred to, through a friend, notified tiie of his reudiness to en gage in this arduous duty, Dr. Tulmnge, Piesident of the Oglethorpe University, and Dr. L. B. Mercer, of Lee, were associated with him, from each of whom the gratifying assurance lias been reccivod, of their ready co-operation. From the report of this Com mittee, which may be expected at an early day, valunble information mid suggestions de serving the consideration of the Legislature, tuny he confidently anticipated. I consider, from the high character, lite rary attainments and zeal, mid general knowl edge of the wants of Iho State, which these gentlemen will bring to the task of preparing a Report on the subjects embraced in the Resolution, the country has a guaranty of its ability and practical utility, ll is contempla ted by the terms of the Resolution, that the report will be made directly to the Legisla ture, by the Committee. Upon litis important subject, of universal interest, 1 have,'in the discussion of other questions, incidentally referred to some of the considerations that may arise in this — One or two additional suggestions only, will bo offered ut this time. Judging fiom the detnohslrutitms made during the pnst summer,'in behalf of Educa tion, it may be assumed, that a large propor. lion of the intelligence of the,State is in fa vor of abolishing the present system, (if it cun so be regarded,j of educating the poor, and adopting free schools, common to all, in its stead A system of common schools, I doubt not, nitty he established, adapted to-the wants of our people; hut to plant and rear so delicate u hud, end at the same timo, of such incalculable importance to the future character of the State, requires the fosterin. hand of the Legislature. The arguments in favor of Common Scools, to ivy mind, are clear arid unanswerable. hut obvious propriety will not allow me to notice hut one or two. Equality in the distribution of benefits by (lie State to its people, is a cardinal principle of Justice. When this principle is observed, you produce amity, concord and friendship: when disregarded, the consequence is heart burnings, discontent and opposition. Success in this noble work of educating the youth of the State, and thereby preparing them, in some measure at least, lot future usefulness to themselves, their families, and their coun try, is the business of all classes and condi tions, conjointly nnd harmoniously co-opera ting lo bring about one general result There is in the human heart, a feeling of approbation and security in systems of edu cation, as well as others, that are based upon equal rights; while the opposite feeling of ropugnance and mistrust, springs up for that munificence that degrades the objects ofils care, by odious distinctions. The poor par ent may desire to see his child educated, and feel himself unable lo furnish the means, but lie does not wish to be pointed at as an im provident father, who, from folly or crime, is unable to discharge this duty to his child; and again the generous, high-souled youth would sooner grope his .way in ignorance through life, than to enter the school room to be taunted and jeered by his fellows as a charity scholar. False as may he deemed this pride, it is a part of the nature of man, arid if it is the design of your policy to bo useful, your education must be general, and every difficulty removed, as far ns possible, to the consummation of this object. You must invite, encourage and induce parents tu dis charge their duty to tlieir children, in this respect You cannot, and ought not to force them. But all disgrace, real or imaginary, all inequality between the rich and the poor, is swept away the moment your system of education is common to all. A commendable emulation is excited, a closer communion produced, ties of friendship created, und a broader field is opened for the full exel-cise of the manly feelings, which, if not plnnted in youth, never lake root, by the rich and the poor mingling together, and de? riving instruction from the same source. But conclusive as I believe the arguments to be, in favor of Common Schools over the system “ J “ “ r, provided by tbo act of pacity of the State to furnish adequate means for a systoni of Common Schools. What are the resources of tho State, and by what means is the required sum to he raised, for tho object undqr considers 1 Ion ? This is the great question, ond upon the cor rectness of your decision in this regard, hangs tho destiny of this measure. ■ i . . ■ The Bunk-Stock, the Income from which its, under the law of 184.3, applied to educat ing the poor, is .au appropriate fund ta.be«op- plied to this object, whenever the' State pro vides for the holders of bonds of the Central Bank. The next source of permanent In come for this object, should be tjie net in come from the Western and Atlantic Rail Road, after the present liens, and such as may be necessury to iurur for its immediate equipment nnd repairs, have been redeemed ; and' the deficiency, if any, should be supplied by a per capita tax. From these three sources, it is believed, adequate means for the must enlarged useful ness might be obtained, if not presently, nt no distant day. In tho mean lime, while the Rail Hoad is engaged in discharging its lia bilities, let the income from the Bank Stock, and the poll-tax be applied to the preparation of teachers, selected from among our own young ladios and gentlemen, and educated nt our own schools and colleges. The leading Christian denominations in our State have, within a few years past, founded colleges, nnd are annually returning to society highly cultivated and moral young men, eminently qualified to tnk'lhe lend in thisgreat work, Besides these Denominational Colleges, there is the University of the Stale ; what may it not aocnmplisb in the preparing and qualify ing ofyoung men to engage in this'imporlaul service. Encourage these several Colleges, by se lecting in some equitnble mode, such young men as are willing, lor a period of years, tu engage iu the duties of teaching, to indemni fy you for the money expended in educating them, end you have a guaranty of securing a corps of teachers, thus organized, of greater usefulness to the country, than by any other plan that has suggested itself lo my mind. But if this plan he nut acceptable, let a better one he adopted. It has occurred to me, that providing the necessary means nnd securing competent teachers, unexceptiona ble iu nil rospecls, would be the greatest dif ficulties to overcome. For immediate use, no income .need he expected from the Rail Road. The deficiency from that source, if it should be deemed advisable to commence the s» stem nt once, might be supplied by tax ation, or by the State issuing bonds, the in terest acciuing thereon only, to be paid by the State, which should he an ultimate charge upon the receipts of the Western & Atlantic Rail Road. This, I should consider, howev er, obnoxious lo tome objections, and there fore do not press it; but wou'd with great deferenco, advise the assessment of a poll tax, which, with the income from Bank Stock, should be applied, first, to the qualification of teachers ; hut if it is believed a sufficient number could be engaged qualified, not mere ly from literary attainments, but from asso ciation, principle, nnd sympathy with the people of Georgia, the experiment might well be made, and its beneficial results tested, from the sources of income alluded to-— Should, however, the poll tax and Bank Stock not furnish a fund, commensurate with (he high claims nf education upon the Legis lature, lot tho deficiency bo supplied by an open and undisguised requisition upon the property of the Slate. It it is the wish of property holders, to see the blessings of education extended to all classes nnd conditions of our people, they will yield to the necessity that demands the means; but if they do not, the hope of suc cess must be deferred to a more favorable season. But, whatever mny he the fate of your efforts to mature a system of common schools at this lime, 1 cannot too earnestly urge upon you the impurtnnee of pledging the Western & Atlantic Rail Road, with its net income after discharging its liabilities, to the great object, in which nil are interested, of cmritnon schools. Should the system re commended or any other, receive the favora ble consideration of the Legislature at this time, however limited the means may ho at yout command, you, must have a head—an able and responsible Agent or Superintend ent, whose duty it shall he to see to the faith ful execution of your own plans; or your brightest hopes will end in disappointment Copies of the repoits of the Commission ers of the' Deaf nnd Dumb Asylum, and nf the Trustees of the Lunatic Asylum, are herewith transmitted. These several reports aro commended lo the careful consideration of the Legislature, as containing highly sat isfactory evidence of the fidelity with which these Institutions have been managed, and the corresponding improvement and benefit derived by those alllicted and unfortunate classes of our people. These benevolent in stitutions were founded in the warm sympa thy all should feel for the afflictions and suf ferings of others, and the necessity of pro tecting the community trom the possitile vio lence and annoyance of unfortunate brings, deprived of renson. Erich of these Institutions should receive the. fostering care.of the Legislature; and I would loudly hope that nothing will lie left undone to extend the sphere if their useful ness, that alt necessary meaiis will he nro'vi ded, for enlarging the comfort of the Luna, tics, and increasing the urohabilities of their restoration, nnd for ginddening the hearts ol the Deaf and Dumb by unveiling to their un derstandings the treasures of knowledge, and pointing out to them'the path of a virtuous, industrious, and tisoluj lile. These are sol emn trusts, confided lo your care, and cannot fail to command your a'tention and cordial support. The probable amounts required for Hie support of each Asylum, Jvilfbu lound in the respective reports All oIRirts to adjust- the question of boun dary between this State and Florida, by re ference or negotiation, have failed. At the instance of ihe latter State, n hill has been filedj andihe question is now pending before ... .. qted tofore communicated tu former Legislatures nnd printed, is transmitted. Believing it to bo my duty to have the interest of tho State protected, the Hon. J. M. Berrien was en gaged, as the Attorney of the State, for that purpose. The Iasi Legislature appropriated $(000 to erect a monument over Ine remains of the Hoii. John Forsyth, which are filtered in the Congressional burying gtouml of Washington City, and directed'mo to cause the same to be put up with suitable inscriptions, &c. . Upon consultation with a member of Mr. Forsyth’s family, It was deemed advisable to suspend notion under the Resolution, nnd refer the subject again to the Legislature.— It would certainly be more congenial to the feelings of Mr. Forsyth’s family and the people of the State, that this testimonial of regard should be erected on some conspicu ous site in our Slate The illustrious Dead was endeared to the people of Georgia by a life devoted to their 'Interest-; end it appear ed to me thnt there was a peculiar propriety in confirming my action to what 1 am sure must he the general wish of alt, that the monument contemplated should lie erected on the public grounds near the State House, or nt some more eligible place,.and that such addition be made to "the appropriation, ns would accomplish the object in n style worthy the character of the State and its dis tinguished son. At the same session, two hund-ed dollars was appropriated to erect a Tombstone over the remains of General Jared Irwin, former Governor of this State. Upoh advising With the surviying daughter of Governor Irwin, I tvns induced to suspend tho execution ol the law directing it to be done, and refer the mailer to the Legislature fur such action as it might deem worthy and proper to perpetuate the memory of one who has rendered -valua ble mitltnry and civil services to the State. Under the authority of an act of the Iasi General Assembly, tho unsurveyed lands in the countv of Ware, were directed to he sur veyed and sold. One hundred nnd seventy lots have been surveyed, and ndvertised for sale on the first Tuesday of this month, at the Court house of Ware county. A large proportion of the Okefenokee Swamp re mains unsurveyed, and from the report of the Surveyor, engaged in this service, it would be attended with vast expense to push the survey further than hns been done, with out much probability of the Stato ever be ing reimbursed lor such an expenditure.—• What disposition should be made of the un surveyed lands in Wnre, consisting mostly, if not entirely, of the Okefenokee Swamp, is respectfully submitted to the Legislature. By a recent decision of the Supreme Court, a sale nf certain fractional lots of land, authorized under the act of 1847, lying in the territory disposed of under the Lottery act of 1825, bus been declared void, upon the ground, it is understood, that, the con tract between the State and original purchas ers of these fractions (at least in the case that was decided t/ ) was impaired-by the sub sequent sale under the act of 1817. This decision hns not, I believe, been published, nnd 1 have had no opportunity of seeing it, hut if correctly stated above, provision should be made by law, authorizing the Treasurer to pay bnck to' the purchasers, the purchase money and grant'fees received under the Act of 1847. Other lands declared forfeited by the act of 1849, in the county of Ware, if not gran ted by the first of October, 1850, would have been offered for sale, nt the same time and pluce, the newly surveyed lands were, but for the apprehension that thn principle .et- 'lod by tiie Supreme Court in the decision referred to, would apply to them also, I found that many errors had taken place in issuing grants fur fractions, and chiefly he- cnusc no numerical hook had been provided so that an entry could be. made in this De partment when the grant passed ; hence, I thought n necessity existed for huving pro pared a book containing the fractional tots of land throughout the State, arranged alpha betically as tu counties, and similarly to 'lie land latterly books in number. Such a hook has been prepared with grant care and labor, and supplies a vacuum' that has heretofore existed iu our land books. This- labor hus been performed by John T. Smith and Julius M. Patton, for which a fair compensation should be allowed them. Brinkley Bi-hop, convicted of murder in the county of Bibb, James Norris in Butts, Jamos Johnson in Baldwin, and Garland D. Cornett in Morgan, have been respited to -December next ; Bishop to the 12tn, Nor ris to the 5th, Johnson to the 26th, nnd Cor nett to the 19th Copies of the evidence upon which 'the several convictions were founded, with the petitions in each case, are respectfully transmitted to the Legislature. I felt it my duty tu .withhold my approval of too Acts of,the last General Assembly, and two resolutions, which are transmitted lotherespective.Hou.se of the Legislature, in which, they orgfijated, with my objections to each. 1 herewith transmit (he Resolutions of dif ferent States, received since the adjournment nf the Inst General Assembly, for the con sideration of tho Legislature By n joint resolution of the last General Assembly, I was authorized to hnve the di gest prepared by Thus. B. R. Cobb, Esq., of the Statute Laws of the State with a no tice of the decision of the Supreme Coitrt on each, nsf ar as practicable, thoroughly exam ined by accompetont Committee, and if found correct and faithful, to subscribe for a num ber of copies not exceeding three thousand, at a price riot to.exceed‘$4 per volume. Un der the authority of this Resolution, Froiicir H. Crihe,' Jqnius Hillyer, and Edward H -Worrell, Esqrs , were appointed the Com mittee, who,.after discharging the duties as signed them, Reported most favorably of the work; recommending the “ plrin as simple,, plain aiid intelligible, presenting nil 1 laws un der apprdprinte heads, so as to make them readily.accessible, almost without the aid of ah index! nod'fhaiiib'MSVllolt&tdxe'cutltirrt' of the filer.” a copy of which report- is transmit ted. Having entire confidence in the fidelity of the roport, nnd being fully sensible of the necessity of such a work, I did. not hesitate to subscribe fur the full-nuiriber nf coqiies aulhotizod under the resolution. A copy of this worlc has been sent to'' me in two volumes, neatly bound, printed with new typo on good paper; and Ichecrful- lv ndd my testimony, ns fur as 1 Durable to judge, to that of the committee, of tho fideli ty with which It has been gotten tip, nnd its utility with every class of our citizens. It should be borne in riiind thnt this work wns printed in Athens, Ga., nnd (o this extent should be favorably regarded, as the money paid for tho labor ut least, will remain in the country. To ritpord becoming encourage ment to this enterprise two thousand dollars of the Stnto subscription was advanced out of the Contingent Fund, to this object. In the month of'April last, n vacancy oc curred, by the resignation of Win. B. Tins ley, in the office ofTreasurer of the Slate.— Julius M. Patton, Esq., a former Secretary of tho Executive Department, hiving resign ed that office, was appointed by Executive Order, Treasurer of the State, who, upon giving bond and taking the oath of office, en tered upqri the' f ischnrgn of his duty, and Logan E. Bleckley wns appointed Secretary of ine Executive Department. Two vacancies in the office of Solicilor General, one in the Flint, and the other in the Southern' Circuit, have also occurred by resignation ; and both have been filled by Executive appointment'.* R. Ma'nson Stell, Esq.', was appointed for the former ( ircuit, and George W. Jordan, Esq., for the latter. The Report nf the Principal Keeper of the Penitentiary will be printed and laid before the General Assembly at an early day, with a. detailed statement of the business of the same, for the last turn years, to which I res pectfully refer you. 1 felt it my duty to recommend to the lost General Assembly, the propriety of classify ing nnd separating thn convicts within the walls, according to the moral turpitude of tho offence committed. Satisfied of ils im portance in bringing ubout reformation, the recommendation is renewed. For the last two years, the expense of sub sisting-tho'convicts has been largely increas ed. Pork and Corn were scarce, und com manded nearly, or quite 100 per ceni, on the prices paid the proceeding two years. Inde pendent of this consideration, the short sup ply of tan-bark that could be obtained after the most diligent, hns reduced the income from tanning jf leather, and manufacturing shoes. Other supplies of material, suitable to the wood-shops, were found scarce and high. While the effects of these enusos were sensibly felt, the difficulty of finding sale fur the manufactured articles at remu nerating prices, was also experienced, ren dering the ‘wo kst years less productive of profit than the two proceeding. The assets reported in Ihe Book-Keeper’s Department, show the ability ol tho Institution, if n fair proportion is collected, to sustain itself for the next, two years, without Legislative aid. For Ihe last four years, no nid whatever has been recoived from the Stale Treasury ; in view of which, n claim of the Penitentiary against the State, amounting to $4,753 03. 1 would recommend to be priid. By reference to the items olthis account, the justice, of the claim cannot be reasonably denied as a legitimate charge upon the Treasury. 1 At the last session, an unsuccessful effort was mnde, to apply a part of the convict la bor to the manufacture of freight, and other Cars for the use of the State Road. The fa cilities afforded by the completion of Ihe Mil* ledgeville and Gordon Kail Rond, to trans port Oars from the Penitentiary to the Slate Hood, renders this subject worthy of your consideration. The demand for Rail Road Cars will exist as long os the different Rail Roads of the Stale are worked, and llio.pro- liability of nn over supply is not so great as to disriourage the undertaking. So far os the Stnte Road is concerned, it may be well con sidered as a proper application of convict la bor. In reference to the several acts of the Gen eral Assembly, for tho organization and dis cipline of the militia of the State, so much has been communicated by my several prede cessors and myself, nnd so little dune, that 1 reluctantly bring the subject to your notice, Our present initilia system is one of tho few in which any change might lo regarded an improvement, and none seoms more demand ed, thnn a totel repeal of nil laws on the sub ject, that the Legislature limy be disencum bered of tho rubbish, crowded into the Digests by success'vo Legislatures amending, repeal ing and reviving Acts and parts of Acts on this subject. It is believed, if your legislation was di reeled to t|io organization if volunteer com panies; and the adopting of a plan for ascer taining witii accuracy the eflective force of the State, each year, about the age of 18, nnd under 45 years, much more would be accomplished, than is done undet the present system. The inducement to organize 'volunteer companies, may be mnde sufficiently great to afford a reasonable assurance, that one-third of the State capable of bearing urms, would at.all limes he found attached to volunteer associations. Tho effect of this policy would be, to have always rendy; an eflective force, somewhat trained, nt least,-iu the use of ariiis for any emergency, Under the present plan, the only reliable force to’meet any crisis, however great, are the volunteer companies now organized. A commendable spirit to-from volunteer asso ciations, has manifested itself in ninny sec tions of llie'Sfate, within'the last four years, but tHeir ardor has been checked, from my inability io furnish arms and equipmeuts.— This I regard as a greatinisforlano. To the strong arm and stout heart, of the citizen sol dier, must we kiQk.for/protection in . peace and in- war; rind in view <i£ a possible distur bance, however, remote it may appear to i,mny, of the amicable relations existing with the States of the Coufede-**" character, .does it not devolve upon the Leg islature to provide nrins and. munitions to equip at least one-third of the militia force of iho Slate ? This subject addresses itself with peculiar force to the Legislature at this time,from the attitude assumed by the peo ple in convention last December, that “ G eo- gia woulO’and ought to resist, (even u a lat resortj to a disruption of every tie which b'mds her to the Union, any action of Con gress upon thesubject of slavery in the Dis trict of Columbia, or in places, subject to the jurisdiction of Congress, incompatible with the.safety, the rights and the honor of the alaveholdingStates.” Will Georgia “take no step backward?” Will the triumphant ma jority that have ratified this sentiment, con sent that they should not Ue provided with arms nnd munitions of war, if need be, to en able them to muintain this patriotic senti ment ? Or will this wise and precautionary meosure be postponed, under the persuasion (hot the necessity contemplated by itie reso lutions of the Convention,'will never arise! II even this was certain, or the probabilities far greoler than the his' ory of passing, events- would justify us in believing, 1 submit it to the sound judgment' of the Legislature, if the adoption of the measure, here recommendW 1 , of arming the people, would not do more to prevent usurpation of power by Congress in this respect, than the adoption of. the Reso lutions themselves. The Slate that arms its citizens, and gives warning to the aggressor to beware of the next blow, will be respected; but sn ennuciatlon to the world! Unaccom panied with any preparation to sustain it, would rather accelerate, thnn arrest the ap prehended aggression, which'. I am sure it must be the wish of all to prevent', however widely we may differ as to the moans best calculated to effect that object.. . These refiectio'ns are submitted! witfi no< partisan spirit, with no design to irKtale, or to recall the past. Thet is the appropriate duly of the historian; my duly is todeal with things as they exist, to earnestly urge Upon your consideration whatever In my judgnieit will conduce to the snfety r honor andihappi ness of the ‘-'fate, irrespective of every con sideration but fhe public;iveal.' Huving brought to the attention oft ihe Le gislature, such measures, as in my judgment 1 , should engage its attention, my duly is well nigh ended. Ever tolerantAnd' respectful of the opinions of others, 1 have never fiiiibdW suitnblo occasions lo nvow my own, on nil .questions, State or federal,of public concern ment. < It has been nay constant object to ex ercise my official duties as to maintain, per petuate and.advance the honor, the rights,.li berty and prosperity of I he people of G eor- f ;ia; to impress upon the public mind the so- etim obligation of observing good faith .in alii things; to diffuse among nil classes the bles sing of education; to siimulate the people to increased industry by developing the vast re sources of the Stale; to inspire alt with, a-fresh, love of Country, Liberty and Equality.. These have been objects of my unremit ting solicitude. And if on this occasion, 1 abstain from adverting to some moosures con nected witii these objects, which have so- widely and d'oeply ngitated the public mind, growing out of the late action of Congress' it is not because the oplbion I have so often ex pressed, have undergone a change, or of a desire to.Conceal them, but hi deference- to> ihe popular will',.nnd'my reluctance-to tbrow any possible obstacle, or attempt to db-so, it* the way of a full nnd entire restoration of fra- •tornnl feelings end harmonious nctidn, among the-pOople of the State, Whatever destiny may await ue, wfieter of prosperity or adversity we connot. too often invoke the guidance 1 of that Infinite Being, whose favor is power, whoso displeasure fir weakness. GEO. W. TOWNS. Small Matters InAgrumlture. From rill sections do we hear tho cry of short provision crops, and theie is an alarm ing truth in tho ery who can doubt when he steps into n provision store of one of out cities and learns that bacon-sides are fifteen cents per pound, cord one dollar per bushel, and all other eatables in proportion.? Why is this? The drought, no doubt, has much to 1 do with it, but it is not enterely owing to the drought. Our farmers Bad planters have not given sufficient attention to the smalt mallets of agriculture; Who cares for corn, potatoes, peas, and the thousand little garden luxuries, that all may have, when the great staple commands good prices ?- But, alas I the great staple is down, and-the small mat ters are up. If the apostle- meant 1 what he said, when he declared that those who pro vided not for their own’household were worse than infidels, we fear our people are in a bad plight. “ Despite not small things,” says inspiration—but how few heed it We talk of our three million bags of'cotton, as though it w as the lever of the world , let us talk more of the humbler crops. Who has planted the gouber and the cow pea—who has fine fields of potatoes; who is well slocked with carrots,.rutabagas and^^ tur nips ; whose corncrib is full; who is well supplied with dried fruit for the year; who has a supply of herbs for medicinal and savo ry purposes; and, in short, who have any of the comforts of life around them that they do not expect to pay for from the proceeds of cotton, at its present low prices ? Again we say -‘Despise not small things.” Were there f oaber peas in abundance, bacon would not ring fifteen cents per pound. Were the root crops properly nltsnded to, fat heel' and mutton aright grace our tables. Were froits cultivated, preserved rind dried, a healthful and nourishing condmien, might accompany our bacon and greens through the winter. .; Were the herbs cultivated and saved, dimes and dollars would remain at home, that now swell the Shakers’ purses; and were the in numerable multitude of small matters p«i perly attended to, that grow almost sponti rieously here, millions of dollars would al'hume to build colleges and schoo* *•“ that now aro scattered over the wo our people feeling and pendence, would then it