Newspaper Page Text
From the Literary World.
Austria in 1848 and 1849.
BY WILLIAM IT. STILES, LATE CIIAROE D'At-
PAIBES OF THE UNITED STATES AT. T1IB
COURT OF VIENNA.
Some scenes from that “IllladofWoca"
the siege ofVonlco—
THE FALL OF VENICE.
To wards tho end of July, tho Incessant
roar ofcannon which for thirty-two days and
nights, without Intermission, had continued
to sound and resound upon the car of tho
Venetians, began now, from somo cause un
known to them, gradually to subside. By
some, this cessation of hostilities on tho part
of the Austrians was ascribed to tlio prepa
rations necessary Ibr a now and more terrible
inode of attack. And what added forco to
this conjecture, with tbo Intelligence which
had reached them tlint Marshal Rodctzky
was then at Mcstro fcnjdly engaged in inspect
ing a* tho works, and superintending tho con
struction of strong howitzer batteries at St.
Gluliano and other important positions, which
had hitherto remained unoccupied.
Others very nntuially supposed that tho
enemy, finding It a uselesss expenditure of
powder and shot, had abandoned tho idea of
taking tho city by storm, and wore resolved
to await until starvation should accomplish
what their army could not effect. And as
the city began now to experience tho first ef
fects of famine, Oils seemed for tho moment
the raoro probable conclusion.
The crowds around the bakers’ shops ivoro
already so dense that several persons had
been pressed to death. Meat and ivino were
almost completely exhausted, aud bread of
tho worst quality exceedingly scarco. Not
withstanding these severo demands upon
their jiatrlotlsm aud courago, public opinion
in Vcnico on tho subject of resistance was still
unchanged, tho peoplo seemed still resolved
“ to hold out to tho last," whilo tho nctlvlty
at the arsenals nnd at all tho ports appear
ed to Indlcato that some great enterprise ivns
to be undertaken beforo the final catastrophe
arrived. For somo time previously a rumor
had been circulated In Venice, that on the
1st of August tho Austrians intended to
commence another and rnoro awful assault
upon tho city than any that had hitherto
been witnessed,
much frequented ns ever, and tho coun
tenances or the Venetians as bright as though
cqjoying tho sunsliino of the palmiestdays of
tho republic.
On tho 14th of August Mraslial Radetzky,
aware of the stato to which tho city was re
duced, renewed his efforts to Induco it to
capitulate, by offering nearly the same terms
that had been previously rejected. Btrango
that now, when ammunition, food, medicine,
drink, oven wator was failing, whon to tho
general misery and squalor tho cholera is ad
ded, carrying off from 80 to 100 a day, in
Vcnico and Chloegia, families without bread,
without a roof, In search of shelter and victu
als, old men, women, and children, cram
med Into tho public store-houses, or under
tho naked sky expossed to all tho inclemen
cies of tlio weather and all tho bombs and
balls of tho Austrians, these torms, quite as
moderate os could possibly have been expect
ed, woro again rejected. * * *
On the 17th tho President of tho republic,
warned by tlio rapid progress of public dan
ger that longer resistance was impossible, in
consultation with tlio commandant of tho
French squadron and tlio French Consul, It
was decided as tho only and last means of
safety, to send a Venetian deputation to tho
Austrian camp with an offer of capitulation.
Gen. Gcrgowskl, commander of tho Austrian
troops before Vcnico, received tlio deputation
on tlio 10th, nnd in reply to their applica
tion stated that ho had no power to treat,
but that ho would immediately forward their
note to Milan, and thntdui ing tho time neces
sary to receive a reply from Marshal Rndctz-
ky ho would consent toslackcn his fire on tlio
city, nnd furtlior that Vcnico might confido In
tlio paternal intentions of tlio Hmporor, and
In tlio enlightened and liberal spirit of his
government. Tlio Deputation, comprehend
ing tlio exact valuo to bo attached to such
phrases, returned dejected and disconsolate to
Venlco.
Time rolls on, tlio reply from Milan is
hourly expected, tlio destiny ot a nation
hangs nn tlio balance, and a day becomes an
ago. Tlio fire of tlio enemy, somewhat
Blackened on tlio 20th nnd 21st, is renewed
on tho night of tho latter with ns great severi
ty as ovor. AVhutwillbo tho naturo of tho
Mr. Fillmore In Now York.
A largo and enthusiastic meeting of tho
Mends of Mr. Fillinoro In tho city of New
York, wo learn from our exchanges, was held
on Monday night of last week. Daniel Lord,
Esq. presided, and two hundred Vico Presi
dents and fifty Secretaries were appointed.
An address and series of resolutions were
adopted, strongly urging tho claims of Presi
dent Fillmore for re-election to tho Presiden
cy. Letters woro read from Messrs. Clayton,
Berrien, Brooke, of Miss., and Morclicad of
North Carolina; and addresses wero delivered
by Messrs. Gentry, Brooks, Marshall and Lord.
Tho following is Judgo Berrien's loiter:
AYasiiinoton, May 0th, 1862.
GentlemenI lmvo received your lettor,
inviting mo to bo present, and to address a
meeting which It Is contemplated to hold In
your city, on the 10th instant, “of the flionds
of Millard Flllmoro, for tho purpose of nomi
nating that eminent statesman for the Presi
dency," and liavo to express my sincere re
gret, Hint I am unable to accept the Invita
tion with which you have honored mo. Tho
pressure of domestic affliction rests too heavy
upon mo at this moment, to permit mo to
comply with your wishes. It utterly unfits
mo for tho task which you proposo fbr mo.
But If tho declaration of my opinion that
tho continuance of tills patriotic citizen, In tho
offlcial station which lie now holds, and tho
duties of which he lias discharged with such
eminent ability, fidelity, and Impartiality,
would bo conducive to tlio public wcllitrc, and
tho appropriate meed awarded by an enlight
ened and genorous peoplo, for his patriotic
services—If tlio assurance of my undoubting
conviction, tliatas the nominee of tho Nation
al Convention for tlio Presidency, 1m would
command tho undivided vote of your political
friends, and of a respcctkblo niimbor of your
Democratic brethren In tho State in which I
live—if tlio expression of un earnest desire,
tbit nnd cherished not merely as a Southern
man, hut also ns an American citizen, look
ing to tho welfu'ro of this great Republic, 111
all its varied Interests—of nn anxious wish
that lie may bn nominated and elected to that
high ofilco. If theso sentiments may bo in
any degreo acceptable to tho mooting, I of
fer them to youaaXfiH*
v ...« M s»>9-w aiiu TSmUlng
Ity to this whisper of fhney, nnd even
thoy dreamed not of anything more disas
trous than that which they had already en
countered. But when tlio siicnco which
reigned over tho waters of tho loguncs, had
been for many days unbroken by a single
hostllo gun, on Sunday, the 81st of July, at
midnight, when tlio lower classes wero quiet
ly reposing in their beds, nnd tho higher and
gayer circles, as was their custom, prome
nading tho illuminated Piazza of St. Mark, or
seated under its extended balconies careless
ly sipping their cofleo or pulling their cigars,
no sooner had tho bell in tho tower of St.
Mark tolled tho hour of twelvo and announc
ed tho fact that tho first of August had ap
peared than they found themselves In tho
midst of a shower ofredhot shot, moro terri
ble than tho irruption of Vesuvius and
Pompoil, and covering at onco nonrly tlirco
fourths of tho city. In a moment all Vcnico
was alivo. Tho streets woro crowded with
tho residents of tho invaders section,—men,
women, and children, all hurrying toward
tho Castillo and tho public gardens where tho
projectiles did not reach, and running ns it
woro the gauntlet through those narrow ways,
•amid tbo shot and rubbish, broken chimneys,
and sovored cornices, that were at ovory stop
rattling down about thoir heads. Yet not a
complaint was uttered, not a tear shed. Tlio
peoplo of tho exposed districts quartored
themselves upon tho occupants of tho other
sections with os much composuro as if thoy
bad been members of tlio family, and noth
ing was heard but imprecations upon an ene
my, who avoiding tho broasts of soldiers rea
dy and willing to receive them, attempted to
force a capitulation upon tho town, by rout
ing tho women aud children from their beds,
in hopes through I heir screams and tears to
accomplish that which their porsonal valor
bad been unable to affect.
Tho torrent of balls which continued to fall
incessantly, night and day, had no other ro-
ault than to destroy property and demolish
tho most beautiful works of architecture and
sculpturo. On the Grand Canal nearly every
palace was perforated, and somo, particularly
those of Moccnigo (which Lord Byron occu
pied,) Balbi, Porsico, &c., boast of having
received as many as thirty or forty balls each.
A number oftho churches, viz. tho Frari,
the Scalzi,San CHovannio Paolo, &c., with
their splendid marble and statuary, suffered
severely.
The means by which the Austrians suc
ceeded at length in throwing] their projec
tiles iuto the city, a point which they had en
deavored in vain for months to accomplish,
was by mounting at San Giuliano, pieces of
eighty pounds and Faixlians guns of the
heaviest calibre, and firing with muzzles
raised to a considerable elevation ; tho balls
then in describing the parabolic curvo would
dcsccud and fall within the city, whereas,
discharged on a level or aimed directly at tho
object as had previously begn done, iu a dis
tance of five or six miles, tho balls invariably
fell short of their destination, and sank with
out effect beneath tho waters.
On the 1st of August, tho day upon which
this awful bombardment commenced, 2000
Venetians made a sally from Brondolo, and
after capturing a few hundred oxen, retired.
During tho evening the tidings of that expe
dition reached Venice, and while the popula
tion of that gay capital were quietly seated
in the magnificent Fcuicc under tho shower
of red hot shot (for the thcatro was in the
invaded district) enjoying, as composedly as
though nothing had .happened, tho perfor
mance of “William Tell, M tho enthusiasm
which tho narration of this slight success
created was so great, that tho continuation
of tho drama was dispensed with, and tho
occasion converted into a national festival.
Day after day, unceasingly, tho cannonad
ing continuos, at many points the bombs set
fire to the buildings, but these are soon ex
tinguished without much injury, and as the
balls seldom if ever penetrated further ( than
tbo roof and one story, the population are un-
irnc(L Provisions become hourly more
he supply can last but two weeks
yet the peoplo very quietly say
out until wo have nothing
pd then tho Croats may come
hey please.’*
f ; the horrors of their situation,
vkc out among tho inhabitants
dful and malignant form, its
» by tho scanty
bich they had
* eljed to subsist;
Sisters, the* city
St.
l long-provoked enemy inflict up
on an utterly weak and prostrato foo 1
No ono knows, but all fear thoy will bo
rigorous in. tho oxtreiuo. Tho republic ap
proached its end. Venice lias but two days’
provisions loft, and tboso of tlio worst kind.
Tho progress oftho cholera isfrightAil. Tho
absolute and unconditional surrender of tlio
city within two days, Is Inevitable. Tho 22d
of August arrives, and with it tlio answer of
tlio Field Marshal. That octogenarian com
mander, as magnanimous as renowned, has
afilxed no additional stipulations on his fallen
foo, tho terms aro accepted by tho municipal
ity of Vcnico, in whoso favor tho Provisional
Government and tho National Assembly liavo
abdicated their powers, tho firing has ceas
ed on both sides, and tho republic of Vcnico
is no moro.
Ilor defence stands alono—liko lior marble
palaces and lior renown, in tlio midst of seas
aud of tlio ages of tho world ; sho falls ns
she lias lived, freo from excesses, freo from
violence, and whilst enduring .Incrediblo
privations has nevor yielded to anarchy, ovor-
powored by superior forces, and yielding to
tho weight of events which It was impossible
to withstand, ruined in ovory thing but spirit,
Vcnico falls battling heroically for ancient and
lonff.r.h(ir!iliiul.lndi>paii(lonM.
Trade of North Alabama.
It affords us much pleasure to lay before
our readers the subjoined oxtract of a letter
from a very Intelligent and respcctablo gen
tleman of North Alabama to a morchant in
this city:
Wills Valley, Ala., May. 2,1852.
My Dear Sir :—The several articles ship
ped by you to mo, via Chattanooga, liavo all
arrived in very good order. I beg to renow
ray acknowledgements. I am very glad that
I liavo made tlio experiment of shipping from
Savannah to this section of country. I find
that by way of Chattanooga and Gunter’s
lauding, from your city, is tho most superior
route by far, in several respects—it is
mere expeditious, certain and safo; nnd
cheaper than tlio routoby way of Homo, by
20 per cent. I had long contended for this
view of the subject, but was never ablo until
now, to domonstrato it by actual figures. It
costs tho same to land freight at Chattanoo
ga that it docs at Kingston. Homo is from
fifty to sixty miles from us, and our only
means of obtaining freight from Romo is
eitlior to wagon it or get it down at very ro-
moto periods by boat, at most exorbitant
rates; nnd from want of competition, to suf
fer tlio most contemptuous conduct of somo
of the agents. Besides, the Rome Road, from
Kingston to Romo, fifteen miles, charges
moro for rates of travel and freight, than
any fifty, any where else—at least tho differ
ence is very great. From Chattanooga to
Gunter’s landing, there is a daily line of mail
boats. Tho faro and p r ico of freight very
low, and agents liberal and accommodating.
I liavo succeeded in interesting Messrs.
, and , in tlio project of
abandoning the Charleston and Augusta and
Rome route, andtaking tho Savannah routo,
and that of Chattanooga, altogether. The
miserable policy of Augusta puts it in tho
power of tho Savannah merchants to tnko
all the trade of this fine and rapidly improv
ed region. Send your agents up this spring;
make arrangements with the Rail-lload to
forward goods from Savannah for Chattanoo
ga, low rates, and withput transhipment; open
agencies with Now York, and stimulate the
boats on tho Tennessco, and your trade will
double. Tho merchants, whoso names I
have given above, arc tho very best in this
country, and they liavo all promised me to
support you. Should you come up, come to
my house, and I will introduce you, or if any
of your merchants send agents, let them call
on mo. Yours, &e.
We publish tho foregoing from the Savan
nah Republican, that our friends in this sec
tion, may be apprised of tho feelings of some
of our Alabama neighbors, and also of their
plans forgiving Romo tho go-bye. We ex
press no opinion in rcforenco to tho com
plaints of the Alabama writer. If they aro
well-grounded, it is tho duty of those most
deeply interested in tho matter to apply as
far as practicable, the necessary remedy.
At tho Whig District Convention, held at
Mobilo on Tuesday evening, strong resolu
tions were adopted in fiivor of Mr. Fillmore
for tho Presidency, and Delegates appointed
to tho Whig National Convention.
ng ybu “God Speed’ 1 In
your patriotic purposes, I subscribe myself
Faithfully your feilow-citizcn,
J. MACPIIERSON BERRIEN.
THE COURIER.
ROME, GEORGIA.
Thursday Morning, May 37, 1863.
Congressional Synopsis.
Ill tlio U. S. Sonato on Wednesday, tlio a.
inuiidiiiunt tu tile so-called Deficiency Dill,
granting furtlior aid to tlio Collins’ lino of
steam ships was agreed to, by a vote of 28 to
21, ns follows :—
Yeas.—Messrs Boll, Berrien, Bright, Cnss,
Dawson, Downs, Fish, Foot, Givln, Houston,
James, Jones of Iowa, Mangum,.Miller, Nor
ris, Pcarco, Rusk, Seward, Shields, Smith
‘Spruanco, Stockton and Upliam—28.
Nays,—Messrs. Adams, Borland, Bradbury,
Brooke, Chase, Clements, Dodge of Wiscon
sin, Dodge of Iowa, Duuglass, Felcli, Goycr,
Hamlin, Hunter, Jones of Tennessee, King,
Muson, Morton, Sebastian, Wade, Walker and
Weller-21.
Tills amendment, wo believe, provides for
an increase oftho number of trips to twenty-
six a year, as recommended by the Postmas
ter Genoral, and allows them $33,000 for each
trip, inliciioftliopresentcomiiensation. Tho
measure lias yet to undergo tho ordeal oftho
Houso, where it Is anticipated it will meet
with much resistance.
On motion, the Senate then adjourned.
In the Senate on Thursday several petitions
woro presented asking for tlio passago of the
homestead bill.
Tho hill granting to tlio Stato of Wisconsin
a donation of public lands in aid of the con
struction of a rail road from tlio city of Mil-
ivaukie to tlio Mississippi river was debated
for somo tlmo, and then postponed until Mon
day.
Tho deficiency bill was token up, nnd va
rious amendments woro considered until tho
hour of adjournment.
Tho session of the House of Representa
tives was devoted to tlio consideration of ter
ritorial business in Commlttco of tho Whole
on tho stato of the Union, (Mr. Stanton in tho
chair.) Many short speeches on tho bills ac
tually under consideration were made. No
hill was passed.
Tho Laxy Farmer.
There Is an anecdote going tlio rounds of
tlie press, relating tlint tho field of a certain
lazy fnrmcr was broken iuto by somo cattle,
which were malting Rad havoc with Ills grain.
A neighbor passes and tnkes tho troulilo to
rido around and inform Ida frlond of Uio fiict.
Ho Is very much surprised to find tho tres-
pnssod-on-ono, sitting with chin in hand, pen
sively watching tho foray upon Ills produce.
In reply to tlio anxious enquiry of Ills neigh
bor, ho says that ho is aware that tho cattlo
are In his field, liaa known it a long while,
that ho has not driven them out, bccauso he
has teen trying lo think all the morning sphere
they could have got in at.
Tills applies so forcibly to tho South that
ono might ho almost led to bollovo, that it was
written by somo malicious wag to caricature
us.
But tlio story oftho ‘laziest man’ as told by
a Mississippi, in illustrating tlio past history
of the South, is yet more applicable.
Three men were seated together, when a
prize was thrown in tho middle of tho room,
to ho given to tlio laziest of the party. Tlio
first after much yawning nnd cxerllon man
aged to stretch over so as just to reach it.
The second rolled as it wore with much In
difference over tlio floor towards the prize.
The third fixing his longing hut lazy gaze on
tlio tempting object of desire threw himself
hack in ids chair nnd drawled out “ w-out
s-onio bo dy p-ick it up, and put it in my
p-o-ek-et—.’ Ho got the prize.
The policy of tlio South Is illustrated by tlio
last one of this party. She 1ms been waiting
for somo ouo to come and put tlio prizo in
her pocket. Tlio entorprizo of tho first or
oven tlie second persons of tho nhovo descri
bed lazy party would ho a considerable im
provement in the way of Southern, enterprise,
—Cotton Plant.
Fillmore Movement.
We received last week, from an Influential
source, the following communication, with the
request that we insert It In our columns, and
call the attention of our friends In this district
to Its suggestions. We regret that It came to
hand too lato ibr Insertion In our Inst Issue.
We (hit no disposition to censure those Union
Democrats who desired a representation In
tho National Democratic Convention—nor
shall wo complain if the friends of Mr. Fill
more in Georgia and other Southern States,
make an earnest effort to secure tho nomina
tion of our present worthy Chief Magistrate.
As a memborof the lato Constitutional Un
ion Convention, with our principles and pledg
es In view, wo do not fuel at liberty to par
ticipate in theso movements of our Uulon
Mends, to send delegates to cither Conven
tion, though we wish them all distinguished
success, In tboircflbrts to get the principles of
the Union party affirmed by tlio two National
Conventions:
What will Georgia do ?
Mr. Fillmore and the Compromise Measures vs.
Gen. Scott, Seward and the Free Sailers.
The belief 1ms been frequently expressed
lately, that if all tho Southern States would
send Delegates to tho Whig Convention to bo
held In Baltimore on the 10th dny of next
June, thore would he n strong probability—
perhaps a certainty—that Mr. Fillmore would
ho nominated as a candidate for tho Presiden
cy. There Is no doubt that a large portion,
If not a majority o( tho imoplo of Georgia, are
iu favor of Ids nomination, ni.d It is right and
proper that they should be represented at
Baltimore, that their prefhrcncu may bo ex
pressed.
Perhaps it Is now too late to call a State
Convention oftho friends of Mr. Fillmore to
npnolut Delegates, hut there ts yet time to
hold Congressional District Conventions, and
each Congressional District can appoint its
own delegation, to consist of one or more per
sons, as may he thought proper.
It is proposed, then, thatCach Oongr sstonal
District appoint Delegates to the Convention
at Baltimore on the 16th of June next. There
is y«‘ »mo '°>t« It, If each District will movu
•at onco, and call a/Vm.,
n.i. course or ttio menus ot Mr. Fill
more, no ono can properly object. Thoy
simply claim tho right which belongs to evo-
ry freeman of our country—tlio right to indi
rate whom they prefer as a candidate for tho
Presidency. It is proposed and Intended
tlint tho Delegates bo sent Instructed for Fill
moro and the Cdihprnmlso Measures, nnd if
these bo overslaughed iu the Convention, then
to retire. Many Voters.
Party Names.
There was a timo when party names were
almost omnipotent with the people—when
tho cry of whig or democrat would arouse nnd
marshall, in opposing ranks, a mighty host,
prepared to do battle in the malutulnancc or
overthrow of great measures and great men.
Bank nnd Anti-Bank—Tariff and Anti-Tariff
—theso and othor Issues, formed the princi
pal staples in tbo platforms upon which old
parties stood and Ihuglit. During Mr. Pulk's
administration, however, controversies sprung
up, which Involved us in a foreign war, re
sulting, finally, in a large accession of Terri
tory, nnd In entailing upon tho country a pon
derous national debt. This acquisition of
Territory raised new and paramount Issues in
the councils of tho country, whilst the sudden
creation of a vast public debt, left the Tariff
to adjust Itself, under tho pressing urgency of
Incrcnscd public expenditures. Hence, it
will bo recollected. th«*‘>tti.ina ih« last. pw».i
dcntlal contost, parties, particularly at tho
South, were governed rather by personal pre
ferences, than political differences. Nor has
any formidablo attempt been made slnco that
great struggle, to revive and nationalize old
issues. Thoy havo in reality ceased to occu
py n place In the programme or platform of
cither of the old political parties. Thoy can
not bo rc-lnstatcd as tests of political ortho
doxy. They havo been entirely overshadow
ed and obscured by the truly vital issues pre
sented in those enactments embraced In the
Compromise of 1860.
Now it will bo remembered, that in Geor
gia, no political battle has been fought under
old party names slnco tho passage oftho Com
promise. Indeed, In most or the Southorn,
and In some of tho Western States, whilst old
party cognoraons liavo been retained, new is
sues predicated upon the principles ombraced
In the Compromise measures, have entirely
supplanted old ones. No one talks or thinks
of disturbing the Tariff; no one proposes the
establishment ofa United States Bank. Up
on the subject oflnternal Improvements, amid
the general "noise and conlksion" upon other
topics, nothing definite or satisfactory Is heard.
And yet men are lustily bawling out old
names, as if there was any potency in either
tho cognomen of whig or democrat. With
empty, and at present, unmenning appella
tions, the pcopln cannot bo deceived or cn
snared. They know that It is tlie principles
of a party and not Its name that renders it
worthy of their confidence. And those who
think to make themselves acceptable by as
suming now, or renouncing old political titles,
will find themselves greatly deceived and dis
appointed.
Agricultural Flo Nio.
Our friends must not forget that next
Saturday is the timo, and Judge F.ve's the
place, for holding a rural Pic Nic. We hope
to see a fair representation from Cass.—
Should tho weather he pleasant wo predict a
very agreeable entertainment,
Speculations on the Fresldenoy.
Ion the Washington correspondent of tho
Baltimore Sun, thus speculates upon the Pre
sidents! question:
The New-York Tribnne, the leading Se
ward organ, advises Mr. Fillmore to decllno
holng a candidate for tho Fresldency,lnasmuch
as Mr. Sewaid has beaten him out of sight in
New-York. The successor Mr. Seward In
the district elections was anticipated,and If on
that account ho woa to retire IVom the field,
ho should liavo dono it before. The Tribune
also urges that It ts improper Ibr a President,
while In office,to bo a condldatc for re-t l.'Ctlon.
There is something In that and though many
havo talked in thvor tho one-term princtplo,
few are willing to Illustrate it by applying It
to themselves. The idea hold out lately that
Mr. Fillmore will withdraw after the Whig
Convention shall havo met and repudiated the
compromise and nominated the candidate of
Mr. Soward, la not vory plauslblo. Every
body would say: "It is too late 1"
Tho best that can bo done now, In behalf
oftho opposition of Mr. Seward's Convention,!!
for Fillmore to stand Ills hand, In the hope that
his Mends and tlioso of Mr. Webstormay lave
a majority, and bo able to adopt resolutions,
prior to tho nomination, declarative of tbo
finality of tho compromise, and endorsing tho
ftigltlvc slave law.
There Is a good chanco far this, as the die-,
tator oftho New-York whig party well knows;
and It will certainly be dono provided the
whig party of Georgia and Alabama ahull bo
represented la the Convention. Messrs.
Abercromhio and White, of Alabama, in their
letter declining their appulntmcnt os delegates
of the State at large, to the National Whig
Convention, assume that the Southern dele
gates will be in a minority, and can do no
good.
But this Is a mistake. It la believed that
there will bo fifty-one delegates from tho
Northern States, who will go with tho South'
ern delegates in adoption oftho Comproinlso
platform, nnd In nominating a candidate who
will represent it, and who in addition to proper
qualifications, will possess a reasonable chanco
ofsuczess, Shouldanatlonalplatfoin.boodop-
ted, it will bo no longor a Sewnrdj:oqe-«rivU«,
and Ills many followers will eagerly atfll them
selves ofa good cxcuso for throwing off their
anti-slavery shackles. Tho 8eward party
should follow and not lead the Whig party.—
Tlio party can lose nothing by such a course.
Thoy will, asa national party, carry tho North
ern as well as tho Southern Whig States.
New candidates are occasionally spoken of
as substitutes for Gen. Cass or Mr Buch
anan, or Mr. Douglas, should neither of them
succeed in obtaining a two-third vote. Gen.
Rusk was named horetoibro, and now Mr.
Dickinson is talked of.
it The Cotton Plant ”
Is tho namo ofa now Journal, published week
ly in Washington City, by C. G. Baylor, Esq.
It is to be tlie advocate of Direct Trade, Man-
ulUctures, Arlculturo, aud thd development of
Southern Resources. Tho Editor, In bis
Prospectus, says" Tlio Importance of ouch
a Journal as the above, needs no exposition.
Tho material and substantial Interests of the
South have been too long neglected. The
Cotton Plant” Is established to promote
theso interests, keeping entirely aloof IVom
party or party politics. A complete foreign
and domestio correspondence has been ar
ranged. Tho best talent of the country will
contribute to our columns, which will present
a medium of general communication, corrcs-
ivmrlnnno an/1 InfoenmlUia /!•■» «U* M*n4a ot
the measures wo advocate. The proper steps
have been taken In Europe and America to
lay the foundation of a direct foreign trade at
tho South, and to introduce our coarse man
ufactures into the continental European mar
ket. Ono object of tlio "Cotton Plant” will
be. ns the organ of direct trade, to stimulate
tho South to carry out this Important mea
sure.”
Southern Planters and Merchants, •' show
your faith by your works," and the " Cotton
Plant ” will not ask deserved support in rata.
The Free Banking Law of Indiana has pass
ed both houses of the Legislature of that
State.
Naval Expedition to Greece.—A Boston
dispatch says tlio U. S. Frigato Cumberland
is at auchor in Nantnsket roads, ready to sail
for tlio Mediterranean as soon as tlio wind
will permit. Tlio Cumberland hears
broad pennant of Commodore Slringham,
accompanied by Captain Turner, ns fleet
Captain. It is stated that Blic is tinder orders
for Greece, so demand an explanation fron
that Government for tlio oppressive treatment
to whioh tho Rev. Mr. King has been subject
ed.
The Memphis aud Charleston Rail Road
is finished from tho former city to a distance
of five miles,
J^We would refer our renders to tho ad
vertisement of our worthy friend, E. R. Sas-
seen. Esq. Wo spent several days recently
at his house, andean vory safely recommend
it to tlio traveling public.
Ioe-Cream, Soda, tea.
Our community is largely indebted to Mr.
Bnylcss for fitting up, in handsome stylo, a
saloon where Gentlemen nnd Ladies can en
joy, theso warm days, tlie luxuries of ico-
crcnin, soda, &c. Wo bespeak for him a lib
eral patronage.
Starvation.
What has become of nil tho chickens, docks,
turkoys nnd othor varmints which are usually
forthcoming at this season l Is it possible
that onr country friends have given ns their
“finality” In this lino, and tlint wo liavo still
to endure the horrors of famine 1 We be
seech them to gntherup their flocks nnd herds,
nnd come to the rescue of modem Romo.
The Crops.
Passing through portions of Floyd, Chat
tooga and Walker counties, last week, we
-were gratified to observe that crops of all
kinds wore in quite a promising condition.
Unless somo calamity unforeseen shall befall
tho growing crops, Cherokee Gee rgia will
again bo blessed with plentiful harvests and
rich abundanca,
LaFayette.
We spent a few days last week, very
pleasnntly at this place. The Supremo
Court for Walker County was in session, and
tho Hon. Davin Irwin, tho popular Judge of
the "Bluo Ridge" Circuit, in tho absence of
Judge Lumpkin, presided with his usual
ability and dignity. His charge to tho Grand
Jury was veryexplicitand satisfactory. Quite
a number of cluvor lawyers woro in attend
ance, some of them with rather a hungry as
pect, but in gonoral looking slock and happy.
Indeed, I presume there is but littlo of the
"Quirk-gammon and Snap-element,"In the
Cherokee Bar. The popular Solicitor, par
ticularly is tlie personification of good na
ture nnd good living, and I doubt not would
relish moro nn assault and battery upon a fat
turkey than a poor culprit.
LaFayette is quite a handsome little village,
vory pleasantly situated, nnd commanding an
extensive view of-tho surrounding country,
which is mode up of rich vallics, overlooked
by ranges of towering hills nnd mountains.
The society is said to be good. Each of the
leading religious denominations has a comfor
table church. Wo spent a very pleasant hour
in tlio Division Room oftho Sons of Temper
ance ; and, as proof that this noble order has
not labored in vain, we saw but ono drunken
man among tho largo multitude that was in
daily attendance at Court from different parte
of tho country.
Wo wore also gratified to loam that our
Masonic Brethren have quite a flourishing
Lodgo in LaFayette, With no many natural
nnd moral advantages—with a substantial
nnd intelligent population, Walker county is
very justly viewed as one of the most desirable
sections of the State, and through its numer
ous mineral springs is yearly becoming moro
generally known nnd appreciated.
Resignation of Senator Berrien.
Wo regret to sec It announced in the pa
pers below that this distinguished nnd faith
ful public servant, is about to retire from the
body of which he has so long been an orna
ment. His resignation, tnkes effect ft-om tho
30th Inst. Wo learn that the Hon. J. M.
Charlton, one of tho purest nnd noblest of
Georgia’s sons, has been appointed to fill the
vacancy thus occasioned.
Business of the State Rond.
We find In tho Mlllcdgcville Recorder, of
Tuosday, a statement of tho business or tho
Western and Atlantic Railroad for tho month
of April, from which we condense tho follow
ing items:
Total from Freight $88 162 68
Income from Passengers 8784 93
“ " Mail 1,000 00
For the Rome Courier.
Cedar Valley, May 23,1862.
Messrs. Editors:—As tlio Agricultural
interest is the “ bono nnd sinew " of tho coun
try, I hope it will not bo amiss to submit to
you a few thoughts on this subject. I look
forward to the timo, with much pleasure, when
every improvement in agriculture will be hull
ed with delight by every man who la at all
Interested in the prosperity of our country. I
have noticed, with not a little astonishment
and regret, a disposition in ihrmers to ridi
cule, and to discard ks humbugs, many oftho
agricultural implements which have been In
troduced into tho country, even beforo they
ever saw them or their operation. Now, that
such things are calculated to retard improve
ments In tho Implements of husbandry no one
can doubt; and that they may be banished
from tho minds of our formers speedily, is my
fervent hope and belief. Indeed, Until It Is
dona, little, If any, advancement in this de
partment can be reasonably looked for. We
are too much Inclined to do as our ancestors
did, right or wrong. I confess that many of
the precepts In the art of cultivating tho sell
taught tu by our forefothors are worthy of
perpetual retnembranco, and that many of
thoir forming Implements aro Indispensable;
but such considerations certainly cannot In-
duco tho belief that their system of agricul
tural economy was perfoct.
Before I close, I must recommend to your
agricultural readers tho 'Mississippi Scraper,'
which I have used this Spring with the most
satisfactory results, and which Is destined to
bo ono of tho most popular cotton ploughs
"South of Mason’s & Dixon's lino." On land
that Is bedded moderately high, and the cote
ton planted In it as it should ho, ono lined
can shave so closo to the row with this plough
that another can chop out and put to a stand
almost doukla the cotton that could be done
after any other Implement I liuvo ever seen.
After starting the ' Scraper,' tho forinor will
ho delighted to seo tho clods and yonng grass
nil shaven from the cotton nnd thrown Into
tlio middle of the row at two ftirrows, and the
cotton left in a straight streak about two Inch
es wide, ready for the hoc which follows, chop-
pin* O'oAfly through, leaving from ono to threo
stalks In a placo.
My interest in tho 1 Scraper,’ extends no
further than the desire to seo tho interests of
my planting friends advanced- by tho use of
so excellent an Implement. I Intend to send
one to tho Floyd County Fair, next Fall, for
exhibition. Yours, &c.,
G. D. HARMON.
The Georgia Military Institute.
Tho third Session of tills Institution will
commence on tho 7th of June next. Its suc
cess heretofore, 1ms been more,than equal to
tho most sanguine nntlci|iations ot lte friends,
and tho present session closes under auspices
which promise the most distinguished success
to tho Institution. Tho domain, in tho field
of sclenco, to which Its system Is confined; the
discipline, mental and physical, to which its
pupils are subjected, ore admirably calcula
ted to produce superior scientific talent with
vigorous physical constitutions. This, if wc
understand the scope and aim of the Institu
tion, and. to alt who appreciate tlie rapid pro
gress of tho age in scientific pursuits and their
adaption to the pur|Hiscs of life, such a result
cannot tall to commund the Institution to
hearty approval.
Eighty Cadets have attended tho present
session. A number at its beginning worn ne
cessarily excluded, from inability to accam-
m/wl-*- Will- n»ev lias produced tile
Impression abroad—an impression which it is
now desired should bo removed—that no moro
will ho received for the approaching session.
Wo nro requested to state that tho Trustees
have limited the number ot boarding Cadets
to one hundred, and that in addition to tho
number in atteiidanco and already entered,
some fifteen or twenty vacancies remain un
filled. Persons applying immediately will
have no difficulty in necurlng admission.
In addition to tho present excellent corps
of Prefussors, tho Trustees have appointed
Major Christopher A. Grceno, to ono of tho
chairs of tho Institution, who will commence
his professional labors with tho coming ses
sion. Major G. is, wo learn, a graduate of
West Point;—but tlio best ovidcnco of Ills
superior qualifications. Is the foot, that ho
was elected by tho Stato of Massachusetts,
in conjunction with Col. Tilllnghast, as super
intendent of the Bridgewater Normal Institute.
A lineal dcscendont of Gen.Nathnnlol Greene,
he will meet a hearty welcome in thu South.
—Marietta Union.
Total Income $42 880 61
In same timo last year .27,487 22
Total Increase $16,400 29
Increase on Freights. .$12,802 00
“ 3,098 23 . .
General Assembly ot the Presbyterian Ohureh
in the United States of America.
This important ecclesiastical body mot yes
terday,at the Glebe street Presbyterian Church
In this city, at 11 o’clock, A. M., It being the
first time, wo believe, that Charleston has
been selected for this purpose. Upwards of
200 clerical and lay delegates, from various
parts of tho United Slates, wero in attendance,
and additional ones are expected, ns tho As
sembly will continue in session somo ten or
twelvo days. The meeting was opened with
a fervent nnd appropriate prayer, by tho Rev.
Bonj. H. Rice, D. D., of Ohio. An able, clo-
quent and impressive dlscourso, equally em
bellished by the graces of composition nnd
delivery, was then pronounced by the Rev.
Edw. P. Humphrey, D D„ of Louisville, Ken
tucky, the Moderator of the last General As
sembly, who literally enchained tho attention
of a delighted nnd instructed auditory. His
text was from Mat. 7.17—"Even so, every
good tree brlngeth forth good fruit, but a
corrupt tree brlngeth forth evil fruit "—and
Ids theme was “Presbyterian Theology In its
developments."
After tho close of the religious sorvlccs tho
Moderator took the clmir, and constituted the
sessions of the Assembly with prayer. Tho
Rev. John Leyburn, D. D., of Philadelphia,
slated Clerk, and the Rev. Alexander T. Mc
Gill, D. D., Permanent Clerk, wero also at
their posts. After transaction ofsomo mat
ter ol form, tho Assembly adjourned to meet
again at 4 o'clock, P. M., at tlio second Pres
byterian Church, where its meetings will be
continued from day to dny, until it closes.
At 4 o’clock P. M-, the Assembly re-conven
ed, at the Second Presbyterian Church, nnd
after electing the Rov. John C. Lord, B. D.
of Buffalo, Now York, Moderator, and tho
Rov. Jno. M.Lowrle, ofColumbus, Ohio, Tem
porary Clerk, ndjournod to meet again at the
samo place at 9 o'clock, this morning. Thd
meetings aro open and tho public are Invited
to attend.
Wo cannot forbear citing from fir. Htirn
phroy'B admirable sermon (which appoarodat
full length in the Evening News, bf yester
day.) tho followh g beautiful and appropriate
reference to tho settlement of the Htigutnots
In South Carolina:
"Nearly one hundred and slxty-seVeh years
ago, the revocation of the edict offtlinlz drove
hundred thousand Huguenots. They t
all tlio Protestant Btates of Europe, to ]
land, to tho Capo of Good Hope, and tot
shores oftho Western Continent. Invited L
the genial climate of the South to tho lnfkw
colony of Carolina, largo numbers of-these ’
exiled people ot God found rest, somo on the
borders of the Santee, and qthers on tho banks
of the Cooper River. The Utter company
built their house of worship In s little villsge,
a ftw miles distant, called Charleston. Thi
ther, on tho Lord's day, they were borne on
tho bosom of the river, by tho gentlo flow
of Its waters, or tho motion of the oar, or the
ebbing of the tide. In their forest homes,
and In their humblo sanctuary, thoy wept for
joy as the voice or their supplications, snd the
melody of thoir songs rising upon tho tranquil
and fragrant air, stood contrasted with the
carnage and terror from which they had fled.
This Is tho ancient Carolina. This too b
Charleston. Near us is the site of their first
house of prayer. Yonder is tho Cooper River.
There aro tho fields in which they sot up their
dwellings and domestic altars. There the
rich and odorous vegetation of tlio early sum-
mor repeats for us tho life it lived for them.
Around us lies their dost, awaiting the resur
rection to moot their kindred dust, as that too
shall rise from tbo graves of murdered Mints
beyond tho seas.
"Here, in this presence, are their children.
The blood which moistened the bcauttftil
valleys of Languedoc and Tours, whleh stain
ed the waters of ovory rivor, and the pave
ments of every city, trom tlio English channel
to the Mediterranean, now runs In tho votes
of ihose wtth whom we warship God this
morning. With what unanimity theso ad-
horo to that ancient folth, a stranger may not
presume to Inquire. But they are our wit
nesses, this day, that In folth, order and wor
ship, our churah is Identical with their own
ancestral church in its pure and heroic day.
Not thuso alono; for hero aro they also, whoso
fathers brought hither, many generations ago,
the living and fruit hearing stock of Presby
terianism. Lot these, our own brethren; par
takers with iu oftho root and fotness oftho
olive tree, and let believers of every name and
thoy who bollevo not, discover in our proceed
ings and in us, no spirit of contention or un-
charitaklcncss or evil speaking. May they
suo nothing In tills august council, but a pi
ous zeal for the theology, the spirituality and
tlio extension oftho church, and for tho glory
of its eternal King.”—! harleslon Courier.
The Collins Steamers.
Tho Washington correspondent offbo New
York Journal of Commerce states that a min
ute and accurate examination of tho postal re
venue from the Collins line oru. 8. Mall
Steamers, proves that tho line has been ac
tually a source ot rovenuoto the United States
Government. Tho receipts have for exceed
ed the aggregate amount oftho compensation.
Tho following are the correct details, vis: ,
Tho total amount of postage on account of
malls received and sent by the Cunard line,
up to tho second March, 1862, under the Pot-
tnl.Trenty, was $1,080,018. They pay us five
twenty-fourths of all the postage whioh they
receive from letters which thoy carry, snd wo
allow them threo twonty-fourths on the letters
which ere carried by tho Collins line.
The American portion of the above la $801,
704, nnd tlio British portion $1,874,819. Tho
Cunard line made 283 tri|>s.
Tho total amount of postages on letters re- '
celred and sent by tho Cotlliu line, to the 8rd
March, 1862. under the Postal Treaty, woo
$374,877. Tho American portion ofthe a-
mount was $380,670. The British portion ws«
$10 607. The total number of trips was 84.
Tho revenue to tho United States is, there
fore, as follows:
1st. By tho Cunard lino, tho letter pottage
is $361,794.
2d. By tlio Collins lino, $826,070.
3d. Newspaper postage to the 8d December 1
1851, $10,860.
4th. Balanco on closed mills, $78,661.
The total amount is $813,000,
This aggregate will bo greatly augmented
by Increasing the number of the trips ofthe
Collins line, and by makings more equal pos
tal treaty.
Miss Jane Irwin. .
Tho Washington correspondent of the Co
lumbus Sentinel, under date of the 7th lost.,
says:
" Tho bill for the relief of Miss Jane Irwin,
of your Stato, has passed both Houses. Much
sympathy has boon elicited for this lady,
whnse claims on tho government are merito
rious, and who has received, at the same time,
a recognition of the signal merits and services
of her father, and a substantial evidence of
that appreciation. Her efforts to secure those
have boon most indefotigable. The ladles,
after all, are tho best claim agents, for tho
gallantry of tho American people Is always
ready to respond to appeals from them. Tho
example ot Mrs. Lynch’s success last year,
and Miss Irwin's now, may open a new field
for fomalo enterprise, and quite an accession
to the number of claimants may be antlclpet
ted next session.
Mns Clay.—A correspondent of the Penn*
sylvanian writing from Washington, says i Do
yon know that Mrs. Henry Clay has never
visited Washington! ncr domestic charac
ter seems to have been formed for the quioi
shades of Ashland; and though her woman's
heart beat high whon she saw “Young Hatry
with ids beaver on," in tlio midst ofthogrest-
est events that have made his name kwasgtalj, •
yet by her the blessing of home and of fire,
side were to ho preferred. Now that states
man is wasting away, her presence would
doubtless alleviate his sufferings and prepare
him for his final reckoning. But now she is
too old to come. She could not bear tbo
toilsome journey from Lexington snd sho
remains as it were a watcher for the fatal ne
A few days ago, she sent him a boquet of
flowers; but when they reached here they
woro faded—a melancholy evidenco that both
tlio giver and receiver were fast hastening to
that bourhe whence no traveller returns.—
Tho old man eloquently held it to his lips fof
a few seconds nnd said with mournful pathoS,
"tho perfume is almost gone!" But not M
with his fame. That will live forever frf**n
in tho memory ofman. His physical frame'
will decay, but his great history will be hev-
or forgotten. Of him nnd of Ills place, in tbs'
regard of mon, in the dim future, It may bo
well said:
“You may break, you may ruin the vase if*
yon will,
But the scent of tho roses tviil hang round B
Col. CoLpMfld bi Cucarro, said to be t
lost known doseehdnnt of the dlscovei
America, recently died at Asti, In Ita
The Hon. B. J> Walker I.
ten, England, In aprccarhpg
general W. -Gluns
■