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Thomas Paixf ew the Yellow Trvrx. Os the rouse cf the Yeifov) fever, find t/r irr'inr r.{ f-rer-rntiiiit it in +Wr* nr* *>f infetled with tt addressed ty //p P.aard of J. eaith o f Knr-I'nri. (t crch d< and) Cflorr's Hnrrrnrs !>nd Crh Vrrr ;>* lhf.t liirv” rods of Gi-rorM \vv Hrmton, nrr! fl-osc two rm tVn-fn ?ud tu v-rlf p-nt into nnr poiHPrt as !o t!'f mi***. T eir OH'ojer vas, on dbturbing the bottom of the riv< r ’•.otnc bi tub inotts matter aroe to t! e snr farp, w'ich tooV fin’ when the lipbt ? ptit to it. I on ibe ron -Irnrv, surpo.'-cr’ that a qtmntitv of inflammable air was let ion*e, xvMfh a*( rn-ferl through the wa trrard took fire above fb* iur frre. Faob partv hold to lis o pirior, and the next evening the experiment v a< fr be n ade. ’ rrw bad hem staiionrtl in the mill-dam, and Grn Wast in’ ‘on, Or, i irrnlo. Mid ir v - j v<lf, ands believe Col. f'i !>, ('nr llvrrphrie* wass rk) and 3or •} soldiers with P*>!, wi re put r;n 1 board tho scow in Buttri-nx ~-* I General Washington placed him- | EfUnt one end of the >cow and I j at fi-e other. lath if us had a ; I'ofl of rarrdpe paper, which itr j lighted atid hi Id over ti e water j *h(mt two or three inches above ! the nurfarr, when tho soldier* U- I jjan disturbing the boucm of the ! jiver wjlh the poles. As Gen. Washington sat at one ot and of the scow tm;l 1 at the otht r, .1 conlii see betfer arty thing that night, happen from hi. light than I could from niy own, ot tr which I was rtearlv perpendicular, Winn the mud at the bottom was disturbed bv the poles, the nir hnbhle“ rose fast, and I saw the flre take froo Gen. Washington's : pbt. and and iccnd from thence to t ie st rface ol the > adt r, in a san rla-Tnas ners when a lighted can dh* is held so as to touch tho intake of a candle just blown out*, ~t e s ntoke will take (‘re and the fire descend and light up the can dle. Tins was demonstrative evidence that what was called set t t.g the river cv fire, whs seitmg tb •” irfl nutblo airon ft. e that a r. e ont of the mud. -mentioned this experiment to \ Xnt. lllttcnhouse, of Philadel, phis, the m xt time ( went to rhat city, and our opinion on the case was, that snv combustible matter (vegetable or otherwise) that un derwent a desolutioii and decom position of its part*, either by fire ©r water, ir * cot fined place, bo os rot to blase, that the air or va prnr that issue cl from it would he inflammable, ana would beceine. fl. nic w henever it came into con tact, vvi h flame. In older to detmnine if this was the ca'-e, we filled op the breach of-a gut’ bairel about 5 ,r 6 inches, with s.iw dust, and the upper part with dr\ sand to the tup, & .after f piking up the touch hole, put the breach into 11 ntnife’s furnace, sr.d kept i: red bet, ?o j as toconsumr tl e saw dust, the sand of cc t si would pre vent an\ b:; 7.e. We rpjlied a lighted candle to the mouth of the barrel, but as the ftr-t vapour that flew oil would be humid, it cstiiiguitln and the candle ; but af ter applying the candle tlnecer four time* the vapour tbut issu ed out bt gan to flash. \S t- t'u n tied a bladder over the mcutli of the barrel, which the vapour toon filled, and then lying a s-tru g a round the neck of the bladder sLove the tnuZzle,t9ok the hlad. tier off. As we could not conveniently make expermentt upon the va pour while it was in the bladder, the next operation was o get it into a phial. lor the purpose wc to 1 k a phial of about three or four ounce- filed it wthwatii, put acotk slightly into it,&intta ducir.g it into th neck of the bladder, worked the c<r. out!) geuiog hold oh: through ihe blad tier. Jhe water then eti pticU itself into the bladder, aim tire an in li'c ol.'iddt r a-amdrO into the phial. \V I: then put the cork in on tlif phial, aud loot the phia Horn the brainier. It was tiictun ! I 'a rcnvrnicnt ccndition for expe riment. yt> p,.r a li r btcd match mfr lb> phial, and ‘! c air nr vapour tw it tori’ firn and Maxed up in ,pa m*rrcr r s a cb-mnev 011 fitc. tr-f, f vficgulsbcd it two or thr<*> turner. 1-V rri rpil'er the month o< tt e phial : and ru'tire the lighted rra*cb to it parti), it repeated!’ t(. f ]- f re, ‘ill tie vapour “a* frert. and the phial became filed | with strut spheric air. I These two experiments, that ! in wbtrh seme combustible sub stance (branches nd leaves of ; tiffs') had hem decompound* and bv : water in the mttd, and this,where 1 ti n derimposition had been pro j ducetl bv f*rc without Ma/intr, ! sbetv that a species rf nir injuri ous tolife when taken into the I imps, mav be generated from substances which in themselves are hamdyj*. Jt is bv means -imilnr to they * charcoal!, vvhirh is H'adcl>y ft re. tsithcu* Maying, emits av pour des'ruc'ive *0 life. I now er n e to apt lv the e rates, aivd tbetp dedured therelorm. to ac count for .the cause o( the vellow ft < er First, the vellow fever is not a d?nfdpr produced bv the 1 dim ate raturallv. or it would riot always have been herein the Lot months. The riimate is t> e same now as it was fiftyor a hundred “years ago. j Thcte was no vellov fever then, ! rnd it is on’y within ‘he last 12 [ vettrs that such a disorder has 1 been known in America. Secortdlv. the low grounds on the shores of the rivers at tlte ci tv, w here the yellow fever is an tiu.allv gcnera'rd and continues there about three months witliout sprrad’rg. were not subject to that disotder, in their natural state, o- the Indians would hare forsaken them j whereas they were the piTs 11 ot Irefjttt rued b\- the Indian-, in a’l s r, ascns of the r ear on account of fishery. T'ne te-ult from these cases is, that the yellow fever ;s introduc ed >v some nerv circumstances not natural to the country in its natural state, and the question is, what is that new circumstance ? It may he said, that every thing done hv the while p ople since their settlem* nt of the country, such as building towns, clearing lards, levilliug hills and Riling up rallies, isa new circumstance ; hut the yellow-fuvcr docs not ac company any of those neweircum - stances. No alteration made on the dry land produces the yellow fever. We must therefore look to seme other new circumstance, and rve cc-me now to those that have taken place between wet end drv, between land and water. The shores of the river a’ New- York, and also at Philadelphia, have oh account of the vast in crease of commerce, and for the sake of it-aki’ g wharves, under gone great and rajixl alterations from their natural states within n j few years, and it ‘■ otilv in such ■ parts c.f the shores wh re those ; alterations h ve t.-k*n place that j the yellow fever is produced, j The parts whera little or no ope- , ration have be. n made, either on ; the east or noth livo', and w hich ; continue i.i their natural stale, or neatly so, do rot produce the yel low fever. Tha fact therefore .points to the cati.e. Besides several new streets gained from the river by embank- j metu, there ara upwards of eighty new wharves made since tile war, and the much greater part within the last t nor twelve year. ; the consequence of which h.s been that great quantities ot fifth or combustible matter deposited in thentuidy bottom of tie river contigions to the shore, N which produced no ill effect while ex posed to the air and washed twice tv.rv twen y-four hours bv the tide water, have been covered o vtr several feet deep with new eartii ard fciiut upland ths tide excluded. It is in these places, St m these only, when; the yellow ;.-ver is produced. Having thus shown from the circumstances of the case, Uiat the cause ot the \ ellow fever is in the p.ace u here it is produced, or atiier in the pernicious vapour issuing tuct bit win; 1 £0 t* shew •> met hr and of cmsfniciirg v.lawes wheie wharves are yet tt be ron rr 1 cud-, as on the shore of the Fast river at < rriacT’s Hock, and rji-o on ‘he Norllt river, that will , r t gtrerate l he vellcw fever, & hieh mav aIo point out a me • thoc! for removing it from places already infected with it. Instead then, of iinbanking out the river, and raising soiid wharvesaif earth on the mud bottom of the shore, the better method would be to err struct wharves on arches built of stone. ‘lhe ride will then flow in tinder the arth. by which ’ means the shore and ihe muddy bottom will he washed and kept clean f>* if iltev wore in their na tutaltate without wharves. When wharves are constructed on tire shore length-ways, that is without cutting the shore up into dips, arches can b? easily turned because arches joining each other lei gth-ways serve as hutments to each o'ther ; but when ““rue shore is cut into slips there can he no butmems. In tins case wharves can be formed on stone pillars, cr on woadtupfi-’s piankrd over on the top. fn cither of those casestiie apace underneath will J be a commodious shelter or har bor for small boats, which can go in aud come cut nUva\ s, except ! at l< vr water, and be secure from j storms and injuries. This method besides preventing the causes of j lie yell, w fewr, which I think it ! will, will render the wharves | more productive than the present metn./d, because ot the space pre served within the whaif. I offer no calculation of the e x pence of constructing wharves on urcb-s or piles ,- but on a general view I believe they will not be so expensive as the present method. Avery great part of the expence of making -olid wharves of carlh is occasioned by the carriage of materials, which will he greatly reduced bv the methods here pro posed, and still more so wei e the ‘ arches to fee constructed of cast iron (docks. I suppose that one ‘on of cast iron blocks will g 0 as far in the construction of an arch as twenty tens f. stone. II by oortstructing wharves in such a manner that the tide water can wash die shore and bottom rtf tile river contiguous to the shore, :is they are washed in their natu rat conditio ~ the yelh.w fever can he prevented Irom gveerat ing in places where wharves are vet to be constructed, it may point out a method of removing it, at least hy degrees, from ida ces already infected with it, which will be by opening toe wharves in two cr three in each wharf, and letting the tide water pass through. The parts opened can be planked over without prevent ing die use of tire wharf. In taking up & treating on this subject, I have consideied it a beloiiging to natural piiilosophy rather than to medical art.&there fore I say nt thing about the treat r/ient of disorder after it takes place. I leave that part to those whose profession it is to studv it. ITKJM IS PAINS. NEW YORK, July S. Loss 9 1 thtsfoop I fart iu , Siimurl Drigg.s, of Middleton, master j and owner. — - Extract from rapt. \)rigg‘s letter, dated N, Providence, June 6. 180 t C' ntv passage from Long.l-- land to NassiUjthe weather squal iy, at Bin the evening took in sail and hove the vessel to; he iween 12 and 1 o’clock at nijht sue siruck on a sunken rock a boat six feet under water, w.ncii instantly wint through her bot tom—in ten m nutes she filled, and in about ’ thirty Imr keel was along side, ; nd her bottom out; the sea breaking over she fell in to deep water, the ocean water very near, i- c got the boat for ward aud remained on tha bow the remainder of ihe night ; at day light saw no land, hut disco vered a rock about eight miles cistant, the ebb tide running Irom 4t05 knots ; as soon as it slack ed \ye got tbs boat over the bow ; at tiffs time the vessel was near parting, her sides coining off, fr. her bottom entirely gout, we tlio't best to leave the wreck ; we got on tlte bow split and let wraeircs down into tie Feat; the mate, Mr. Jenesand one seaman, pre j forced staying by the wreck, as the wind was high and a heavy sea, the boat shipping much wa ter, one ha ltd continued bailing, ! we arrived safe on the rock, found at half tide the water broke over, so that we could not long pre j serve our boat ; from this rock we j saw some larger ones, and set j off in hopes to find a safer place, j and fresh water, as we did not save n drop after the vessel j siruck. After running all that dav withont refreshment, excep* ; a few biscuit v/e had in our poc j kls, and those soaked in salt wa j ter, we arrived at anorher rock, j went uoder the lee, haulsc’ our boat on ; at sun set the weather J cleared and we saw the wreck, j Duriflg the night the water rose j and beat owr the rock,so that we ! had much to do to save the boat : in the morning could see nothing es the wreck, the weather being mere moderate we went in pur suit of the wreck and men— sa-y nothing of ihe wreck —as xve were b-aring away for the land, vw a man standing on the water to appearance, which proved to be the mate and sailor on a beam, much bruised and almost exhaust ed—we took them in and run be j fore the wind ;at sun et we saw the land, which proved to be the | Blind of Klutlmra ,-in tnt mi ‘ He l of the night r.’e found ourselves j on a rook v coast and dismal sho r e —-the wind blowing bn and a hea vy sea, we found a small cove, one lianj swam on shore,& found a secure fending place for our boat. We then went in pursuit of water and a house, found nei ther ; returned to our boat} at dav light saw a house about a mile distance ; went and got wa ter and refreshment ; found our selves about JO miles from Quay settlement, and cti from Cove Harbour ; set off for the Cove ; found a small seli’r. which took us in, and we arrived here the 21st May; since which I have been very ill, owing to fatigue, bruises, Btc I had no dry clothes fl-om the tune the vessel struck, until we arrived at Eiutfiuria ; nor a drop of fresh water to Ji ink from me time we hove to. Sup pose the vessrl must have drifted 20 miles before ir struck. This rock h is not been known bv any person th it I have seen. Extract o r a letter from a gentle man in St. Louis, to his friend in Louisville , -n- ) dated. Mt-u 27. “ The people of this place arc much alarmed at the hostile pro ceedings of the Indians since the following is -p-jeUnen ofSoifie of their la'e conduct. A few days since some ICicksrroo Indians came here and drank rather too much whiskey—--one of them went through the town and tlireu. tene I to kill several woman and children, and at length attacked - judge AieigsSc struck at his he id 1 wi ll a rouvnahawk, which wa-> turned off hy Ins hat, .Meigs seiz ed th; Indian by the hand aud drew his knife half oat the scab bard— a: this moment a young mm by tha tuns ct tlaih n>a i, drew a pistol and shot the I idun through the hick ; but he did 11 : appear to mind it much, and was apparently inure resolui*and am bitious to kill Col deig-;. Ham mond raw this and drew his dirk and stabbed ihe Indian twice ; he run about two hundred yards and toll dead. This circumstance has cau.cd great disturbance a aong the Indiana. .Mr. Ham mood will have to stand ills trial; but. the opinion is, that he was vcit justifiable in killing tile Indian.— Four or five indian prisoners are in jail lorkiil-ng while people.,’ PINCKNEY VILLE May 19. Tornado. Yesterday there pas.ed thro’ this place a violent tornado, which ha* nearly de stroyed the village.’ a heavy rain had fallen ua tnc e vening of Tuesday, and the morning of Wednesday was cloudy. About a quarter before seven o’clock, the hrniaincut be. came much darkened, and in a lev minutes the awful •> pr 01 this qrhifl triad w ... , by the falling tiros in the vh I tv. The general course of loitiado was from ihe S. \V. 1{ N. E. and its duration abo a minute, accompanied with Si hail, and a torrent of rain, tj le lowing statement comprise, Damage—commencing at t | l{ W. end of the village—-Mr. ( tis’s blacksmith shop unrs t j and nearly blown down; Curtis and a journeyman 80u and found shelter in a neighi* ing cluster of woods, by lyii r on the earth- the dwelling,jj. o f Mr. J. Horton unroofed; top of die kitchen blown aw and several hundred feet of p ing torn ,* Mr. Horton, his ami children, were in bed in dwelling house, and several > rants were in the kitchen small frame storehouse belon® to Mr. Mace, in which his cie Mr. iborrow, was in bed, blown down sixteen feet into sheet. A large building of Ci Randolph’s occupied by Mej. Folks, and who were in at time, was unroofed. The ro ot the meeting house was cru ed in, and the body of the hou irith its contents, raised froan blocks and cariied one liuivJi ai.d seventeen feet, in a eours.- Nor h, 5 4 degrees West. A n Ircav) l<>g building, 22 by 13 k belonging to’rq ure Dawson,, levelled, and not a vestag; seal ing but ihe cifnrmyy ; at tiie lii of *ts tumbling, Thomas Li l his wile, an>J three children, w had moved in o the house buti day before, were in one corner it. A large log building heloi ing to Mr. Samuel Perry bic down, and a considerable par: the leucc carried away ; in 1 house v.as a woman and o ne Hu! A log building occupied bv \V liarn Dawson as a sail er's sir blowd down. Capt. Kan,lain building, occupied by Mr. Ktmer as, a tavern ; a stable,a some small buil*ling3 > were i roofed ; in this house was IMc-i Kemp- ,-s, and six other perse One side of the dwelling of A Lyons was uncovered, and corn house and his fences bio down—l2t)o feet of now cypr paling from around Captain H dolph's lots blown tic wit ; i two britk chimnies from dwelling, to the hip3 ; a small 1 vert way between his warchoi and storo crushed in, and t warehouse whicli was large * contained a quantity of hea goods, moved‘live inches 0.1 t blocki. A pigeon house und pinned with brick, and one ot s nail building, blown down.— small Iog A stable belonging Doctor Backus, unroofed; a two old buildings belonging J nhn VV al I, esq. we re bio wr ;3 o< and the building of John Sin son was unroofed. Fortunately no lives were !. and with the exception of Ti masLiHev’s wife, and Mfr.. Si son, who was in Mr. l'err house no one was hurt, these i a ightl -.: How it could Ij’ppi that in this genera! wreck of in trrso little personal injury sustained, is cause of asto.-.i: raent, and to be attributed only divine providence. The place lor a few hours lo< ed glootnv, but sumo of ti,. - 1 mane planteis oi the neighboi hood, having sent in some of th negroes anil a few houses tii were sU'Ceptible of temporary 1 pair.--, have undergone th-’ which has afforded * she.ter the distressed citizens dui yr.,, t continued rains that have eia taken. We have been informed ti con-ideraolo damage iui3 bi done bv the Tornado on the It oil tiie Bayon I’icre, aud oil parts of ihe Territory ; also to a number oi ooats have been la Wants a Situation. A PERSON who lias been n ny years on a Coiton PH idtiou m tae West Indies, and well acquainted with the is nagement of Negroes ; wisi to obtain the management’ of Cotton Plamation in thi. state, Kuril 1 ire at tills offiv- Jui; di. _ Stiff