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NATIONAL CONVENTIONS July 26. • The citizen Chappe, a physician, lias found out a method, after a Jong meditation, to perfect the language of signals. His machine, called a The- Ipgraph, transmits -to the greatest diltances, thought characterized by ♦tachygraphic signs. Experiments, as plealing as easy, have verified the \ relulc. In thirteen minutes and forty seconds, the tranfmiflion of a common dispatch can he made from Valenci ennes to Paris, near 200 miles. For the fnm of 96,.c00 livres, this eftab lifhmept can I e made from Paris to the northern frontier. .After having attended to this inte ] renting difeovery, and the report of their committee of public inftruftion, the •convention granted to citizen Chappe the title of Thelographic En- I gineer, with the appointment of a , lieutenant of engineers ; and directed it he committee of public fafety to exa mine which are the lines of corres pondence neceflary to he eftablilhed in the prelent circuniftanc'es* POLISH FRONTIERS, Aug- 7. Authentic accounts from Constan tinople, ft.ate, that the Ruffian charge d’affaires having fignified to the Sub lime Porte the taking polfeffion of feme of the provinces of Poland, tiie Turkilh .ministers Feuc official man.. dates or finnans to the governors of their frontier places, to the follow ing purport: 1“ I hat since the Poles had ceded all thole provinces to the Ruffians ■which formerly cohffittited the boun j claries between the Furkiih and Polish i territories, the Turkish governors s fliould forthwith, on every occalion, apply to the governors appointed in those provinces by her imperial majef. ty of all theß uflias.” Ibis plainly proves, that the re ports of the Porte making hostile pre l.paratkms refpefting the laid ceflion, I are totally void of foundation. 1 Ihe treaty between Poland and Prussia will he speedily ligried at Grodno, and the deputies are actually in conference with M. Buckholtz, the Pruflian minister. On the 131 b September, a folcmn fete will he celebrated at Petersburg, to commemorate the treaty of peace concluded with the Porte ; arid the imperial Ukafa or proclamation rela | tive to the ceremony, has already I made its appearance* j P.RANDENBURGH, Auguff 17. A letter from Poland, of the izrh | inflatir, brings the important intelli- I gence, that the aft of ceflion of the , alienated Polish provinces has been I signed on the Qth inftarir; Several [ nuncios permitted the'mlclves on that I occasion to bellow very harsh, person al and offenfive remarks upon certain | miniflers. Amongfl others, the nun i cia Kempfki, went so far as to make J the severest ftriftures upon the king I himfelf, which gave his majeffy the ? grpateft pangs'of mortification* It is | aftually reported as a truth, that jy Stanislaus Augullus has resolved to ’ abdicate the crown and spend the rest j of his life in Italy. . t 11 —■ LONDON, Augufl 15, We have now in our pay on the 1 continent thirty thousand men,avow } edly to take towns for the emperor, I ar.d we have not lent a single regi -5 ment to ihe Weft-Indies, where, I whatever we might take, was to be H cur own ! 11 It was a part of the beneficent |r projeft of the war, to starve about ■ twenty five millions of people, and a ■ cordon was drawn all around France ■ for this purpose. We entered into Ihreaties for the purpose of engaging V. 11 the princes of Europe to join the j onfedtracy, and our arnbafiadors have bullied such of the princes as have had the infamy to secure to their fubjefts the bleilings of peace. What etfefts has this wife- and generoris measure produced in France ? It has taught them republican manners—it has re duced them to find substitutes for every article of foreign produce.and manufacture —it has taken from our merchants, not merely for the time, but probably for ever, so many millions of cuftomers,and it has united all hearts against the confederate kings, whose fouls could entertain lo horrid 3 project. The patriots in France have done more than all this—they have abridged even their common indulgences, I hey instituted in Paris, which quickly spread every where, un careme politique, a political lent, which was to conclude on the 10th of August, and during which they have rigidly abftaiyed from flefh meat, that the armies in motion, who wanted it more than the citizens at home, might be effectually supplied. Such is the iinpulllon that the caul'e of liberty gives to a nation whose levity wc have beenaccuft’omed to revile. The French feenj to he running from absurdity to absurdity, and from crime to crime, The measure of railing all France, as one body, seems to be the lait effort of madness and despair. Every corner of that un ’ happy country has long been convulled with all the horrors that afllift a po pular government : a movement of such magnitude as that which the con vent ion authorizes, nt uft be still greater than that which France lierfelf has for Come months exhibited. By those commotions the fate of the unfor tunate royal family seems finally lealed. The cx-gcriefal Diimourier, driven from every country which dreads his restless temper, has at last found an afylimi in the small town of Nays, situate oppoiite to DurteldortY, on the other fide of the Rhine, rind sur rounded by the dominions of the elec tor of Colognfe. This alylum has, however, only been granted him on condition that, in case he excites the slightest commotion, he iliall be called to a very severe account. Aitcti a MgeL.— A dreadful Occident has happened to this town—eight hundred houses, of different di'men (ions, have been burnt down in the upper part of the place called Soldraf ky. The warehouses for foreign mer chandizes have been laved. AUGUST 21. An alarm is very indurtrioufty cir culated, refpefting this country and America, which would insinuate, that war is to be apprehended from that quarter. Whatever fafts may have occurred, which lead to this appre henlton, we know not ; but this we know, from credible correspondence, that nothing is more unpopular among the people of America, than the idea of a war with Great Britain. When the Howe packet lcftLifbon, the court of Portugal were preparing transports for 5000 troops, which were to be lent to Spain, under con voy of the St. Sebastian, of 74 guns, and three frigates. The troops are to be commanded by brigadier-gene ral Forbes ; ■ and it was imagined that he would be accompanied on the ex pedition by his grace the duke of Northumberland. They were ex pefted to embark about the Bth irrft. OnTuefday his majelty’s warrant for anew charter to the royal bank of Edinburgh, was received there, and their capital increased from fix imndied thousand pounds to a million. AUGUST 23. The court of Naples, which has hitherto observed an exaft neutrality, wish refpeft to the French, has at length acceded, on the felicitations of tjjic court of London, to the coali tioaof powers for the deftruftiou of anarchy in the unhappy kingdom of France. Naples is to furnifli 6coo men, arid 40 gun barks. A private expedition is immediately to take place, luppofed to the W est Indies, under the command of fir William Howe, who is to have under him four major generals, viz. Alex antier Stewart, Lieutenant coionel of the 3d foot, James Coates, of the 19th, John Leland, and Ralph Dun das, with twelve regiments of foot ; seven from England, and five from Ireland. The l'even Englilh ones arc all under orders at this moment, viz. the 3d, 12th, 4id, 54th, 58th, 59th, and 63d ; the Irish ones are hourly expected ; the 64th and 7.oth arc two of them. They arie all to ren dezvous at Portsmouth, and are ex pefted to fail in about a month, or five weeks at fartheft. The emperor has consented to the re-eftabliftunent of the monasteries, in Flanders-, liipprefled by his uncle, Joleph 1. in 1783, reserving to him lelt the property which his uncle Jo seph had seized upon. AUGUST 28. Lord Amherst has ilTued an order for all the officers abl’ent from the regiments in the Weft Indies, to join immediately ‘ and it is laid that twelve thousand men are to be sent thither. Advices from the head-quarters of the allies, dated Herin, August 17, fay, “ this morning, at five o’clock, the prince de Hohentohe ihade a vigo rous attack on the French entrench ments in the sorest of Marmal, and after a contiift of nine hours, drove them from each fuccelfively, and at length from the sorest itfelf; 500 of the French were left dead on the spot, amongst whom was their commander; the pri (oners amounted to two hun dred, amongst whom were two colo nels, and several officers. Out” loss does not exceed fifty men killed and wounded. The prince de Hohenlohe lias not only got poffeflion of ihe so rest, but also of Vilieraux, Jolimez, Lcuvignies, Preux, Lcquignol, Grand Carrierc, liecq, and Borlalmont— File enemy, with their scattered forces, lied towards Maubege, Oiief ndy, and Landrecy.” AUGUST 2<J. THeheroifm of the excellent young prince Erne ft, in the affair near Bouchain, has not been correftly dated. It was thus : His highness, at the head of fome Hanoverian cavalry, being eager in the purfuit,exceedingly well mounted, and being likewile near-lighted, rode so far from his detachment, that of a Hidden he was fiirrounded by five French troopers. They perceiving him alone, imme diately came up to him. The firll that advanced towards him, aimed a blow at his head with a fey meter, which took the corner of his hat : but the prince, pulling out a pistol, shot him dead on the spot. A second likewise, aiming a blow at his highness, was shot by him in the Ihoulder, and fell to the ground. A third, on coming up to the prince, Had his head almolt fevered from his body by his sword. A fourth,- seizing him by his sword belt, and endeavouring to drag the prince from his horse, was himfelf seized by his royal highness, pulled from his own horse, and thrown acrofsthe neck of the prince’s charger. By this time the Hanoverians milling him, a party caine up to his relief, and the French trooper was carried by his royal highness across his horse, until he joined the main body ! MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. Many church yards in and about this metropolis have recently been planted with trees, and beautifully ornamented with gravel walks, See. —1 he gaiety of the age pervades the gloomitft recefles : the mournful yew has been supplanted by the more lively popla r. A detach 7t3 H of the royal artillery consisting of two captains, eight lub alterns, and two hundred and fifty men, commanded by major Huddle ftone, embark and yesterday from Wool wich for Dunkirk. They carry with them large iron mortars on iron car riages, and a great train of battering artillery. SEPTEMBER 4- The French have nine gun-boats at Dunkirk, each carrying two or four twenty-four pounders, which run ning close into the shore, greatly an noy our troops employed in the liege of that town. The under the duke of York, employed £t the siege of Dunkirk, amounts tcWfi6,ocO men. The Rumlfn fleet, after having made an idle parade in the Baltic for fomfe Weeks part, has returned to Co penhagen. We have ever been of opinion, that her imperial majesty was much more intent on dividing Poland than in fending forces agaiiift the French rebels, whom she profefles to hold in fucli abhorrence. The deserters of the French cavalry, of which the republic Hands'moil in need, are not confined .o thole troops which have been stationed on the northern frontiers : the whole body of the cavalry belonging to the army of the Saris Culottes before Lyons, have defected, and pafied oVer to the royalists in Lyons, which city is sup posed to be in fufficient strength to oppose any force that can be spared to aft: against it. The demands made by the Sans Culottes chief, Dubois Crance, of money and the heads of the royalists, have met with univerfa! detestation. . SEPTEMBER 7. We are happy in being able to lay before the public a continuation of the detail of the operations carried on against Dunkirk, by which our read ers will fee, that so late as the morn injr of the 4th, the army under the; command of his royal highneft > _l u ft ea d of meeting with any serious disaster, as fome late rumours seemed to indL cate, was still before the place, and carrying on with vigour the measures neceflary for reducing it. In a few days Dunkirk will be at tacked on all sides at once with the utmost vivacity. The.land army, it would appear, will make two princi pal attacks, while the squadron which has already arrived before that place, will form a third no less powerful.—- We are allured, that the merchants of that city have already made represen tations to the commandant, begging that he would not ftjffer Dunkirk to be destroyed for no purpose, as was Valenciennes. These representations were so badly received, that the go vernor threatened to hangup the flrft man who should dare to speak of a capitulation. The garrison of Dun kirk is partly composed of the troops who last winter attempted the con quest of Elolland. Camp before Dunkirk, Sebt. 3. An officer of the navy reached the camp this morning, in twenty*four hours from the Downs, charged with dispatches for his royal highness the duke of York. By rhele the duke was informed, that two fury gun fliips, fome frigates and bomb ketches were under orders to proceed immediately for Dunkirk, to co-operate wfith the land forces in the reduction of the place. We anxiously look for their arrival, as an event which cannot fail to facilitate our operations against the enemy, by dividing their attention, and their forces, for the defence of both the fca and land fide. Our artillery, during the w hole of this day, have been very bnfilv em ployed in. removing guns from the park to the lines. Fafcines and ga bions are making as fall as poflible, and at last things begin to wear tlit* appearance of a liege.