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SAYANNAII GEORGIAN NEW SERIES—VOL. II s.irjixxjtn, '/nunau.ir mohxixg, deckmkrr u, 1322. - XJ.«U NO 8 SVVANN.-V.I1: VT.HNFADAY MOUSING HV/:. U, 1822 NATIONAL LEGISLATURE. The second session of tho Seventeenth Congress commenced, according to the Ammunition, on Monday, the 2d inst. ai (piushmgtpn. Mr. Guillard took the chair tf the Senate, and K i*. Harbour that of the House of iieproentutives, After the tneinbers had been called, and the usual interchange of communications taken place between the two houses and the execu tive, the Senate adjourned, and the House proceeded to ballot for a elefft ; but after aix ballots, adjourned without making the appointment. On Tuesday the .3d, at 13 o clock, the President transmitted to both houses the following MESSAGE. ■JPcltovt Cilirerti (if tfit Senate and Ihueo of lUjn csentativei; { .Ian* euunes unite to make your aent meeting peculiarly interesting i« imr c-Mihtnueiits. The operation i.l 1 ii- l.uvs, on (lie vnrit.nH subjects (u wlitoli they apply, with the amend ments which they occasionally require imposes, annually, an important duly on the Hrpresciitalives of a free pen pie. Our system has happily ad vanced In such maturity, that lam not aware that your cares, in that res pect, will be augmented. Oilier causes exist which are highly inter eating to the whole civilised world and to no portion of it more so, in cer tain views,than t6 the United States. Of those causes, and of their bf-aiing 011 the interests of our Union, 1 shall communicate the sentiments which 1 have formed, with that Ireedom which a sense of duty dictates. It is pro per, however, to invito your attention in the first instance, to those con cerns respecting which legislative pro vision is thought to be particularly uigeut. On the 24th of June last a conven tion ul navigation ami commerce was concluded, in this city, petween the United States and France, by minis-, ters duly authorised for the puipo-c. The sanction of the Executive having been given to this convention utidtn a conviction that, taking all its stipu lations into view, it rested essentially on a basis of reciprocal and equal advantage, l deemed it my duty, in compliance with the authority vested ir. the Executive, hy the second see tiou of the act of the last session, of the 6th uf May, concerning navigation to suspend, by proclamation, unlit the end ot the next sessiuu ol Congress, the operation of the act, entitled •• An act to impose a new tonnage du ty on French ships and vessels, and for other purposes,” and to suspend likewise, all other duties on French Vessels or the goods imported in them, which exceeded the duties on Amc- can vessels, and on similar good- im ported in them. 1 shall submit this convention forthwith to.the Senate lor its advice and consent as tu the ratification- Sinca your Tast session, the prnhib ition which had been imposed on the cainmcrce between the United Su-tr-s and the ttiihsh colonies, in tha West Indies and on this continent, has like wise been remuved. Satisfactory ev idence having been adduced, that tin- ports ol those colonies hud been opened to the vessels ot the United States by an- act of the British Parliament, bear. Initiate on the 24th ol June test, tm t'fe conditions specified therein, 1 dee med it proper, i i compliance with the provision ol the first section of the act of the last session above recited to declare, by proclamation, bearing date on the 24ih of August last, that the ports of the Uoi’ed States should thenceforward, and until the end ul the next session of Congress, be open to the vessels of tireat Britain em ployed in that trad - , under the lim. ilaliuti specified in that proclamation A doubt was entertained whether the net of Congress applied to the British Colonies ou this continent, ns well as to those in the West Indie but, as the act of Parliament opened fh^ntercuurse equally with both, and it 'As the manifest intention of Con gresn, as well us the obvious policy ol the United States, that the provisions of the act of Parliament should be met in equal extent, ou -the part ol the U nited States, and as alsu the act ol Congress was supposed to vest in the President some discretion, in the ex ecution of it, l thought it advisable to give it a corresponding construction. Should the constitutional sanction nf the Senale be given to the ratifies- tion of the convention with Ft: nee, legislative provision will be necessary to carry it lully into effect, as it like wise will be to continue in loroe, on Such conditions as may be deemed just and proper, the intercourse winch has been opened between the Uniieil States and the B-itish colonies. Even- light in the possession ol the Execu tive, will, in due lime, be communica ted oil boin *uhj-c s. Re-ling essentially no a basis o! rrcipiorul ami equal iid'-uni -g-\pi lias been the object nl the Executive, in tiansartimis with other powers, to lo-i-l toe propa.i-loiia of each 'villi a III), ul spirit, believing that mart by tne iulr .-I id our couuliy would be ind ifi'aC.o.lljr pruuiuithi. This course has been systematically pur sued in the late occurences with France and Great B(Stain, and in -ti'ct accuid with the views of the legislature. A confident hope is en tertained, that, by the arrangement thus commenced with each, all dit tcronce* respecting navigation ami commerce with the dominions in ques tiun, will be adjusted, and a solid Inundation bo laid lor an adive and permanent intercourse, which will prove equally advantageous tu both parties. The decision nf lljs Imperial Ma jesty the Emperor nf Russia, on the question submitted to him by the. U- Mates ami Great Britain, concerning the onnatraethm nf the first Article of the Treaty of Ghent, has been re ceived. A Convetviun has since ■been concluded, between the parties, under the mediation of His Imperial Majesty, to proscribe the mode by which that Article shall be carried in to i licet, in conformity with that de cision. 1 shall submit this Conven tion to the Senate for itjj advice anil consent, as tu the ralifi-'aiioir, Mil, if obtained, shall immediately bring the subject before Congress, lur such pro visions as may require the interpo sition of the Legislature. • lu compliance with an Act of the lastiSes-ioii, n Territorial Govern ment has been established in Florida, on the principles uf our system. By litis act, the inhabitants are secured in the full rnj lyincnt of their rights anil liberties;, and to admission Into the Union, with equal participation in 'lie Government with the original Slates, on the coirdiiion Iveretofme prescribed to other Territories. By a clause in the ninth Article of the Troaty with Spain, by which t.hai l'erritory, was ceded In the Unhid States, it is stipulated that satisfac tion shall be made for the injuries, il any, which, by process of law, shall he establish! d tu have been stiff red, bj the Spanish officers, and individual Spanish inhabitants, by the late op eratinns of our troops, in Florida. N > provision having yet been made, to carry that stipulation into effect, it is submitted to the consideration nl Congress, whether it will not be pro per to vest the competent power, in the District Guipt hi Pensacola, or in snmejrihnnal,Uibc specially organiz cd for Ihe purpose. The fiscal operation's of the year have been moie successful than had been antic paled at tho commence ment nf ihe last session of congress. Tne receipts into the treasury du ring the three first quarters of tin- year have exceeded the sum of four teen-millions seven bundl ed and foe iy five thousand dollars. The pry _ uietils mule at the treasury, during theswie period have exceeded twelv, millions two hundred and seventy- nine thousand dollars } lesvujg in Ihe treasury «n the 30th day oTseptein (ember last, (including one million one hundred and sixty eight thousand live bundled and ninety two dollits and twenty lour cents, which were in the treasury!) n the first d .y uf J inuarj Iasi) a sum exceeding four niilliiiis une hundred and twenty eight thuu sand dollars. Besides discharging all demands fur the current service of the year, in eluding the interest and reimburse ment of the public debt, the six pei cent slock uf 1796, amounting to eighty thousand dollars, has been redeemed It is estimated that af ter defraying the current expenses ol the present quarter, and redeeming the two millions of six percent stock of 1820, there will remain in the treasury, on the fiist day nf January next, nearly three millionsoT dollars It is estimated that the gross amount of duties which have been secured from the first ol J .nuary to the 30lh of September last, hm exceeded nine teha millions fi.e hum!.id thousmd dnlteis, and (he amount for the whole year will probabl-v not fill short of twenty three millions ol dollars. Of die actual force in service un der the present military establish ment, the posts st which it is station ed, and the condition of each post, a report from the Secretary of war, winch is now communicated, will give a distinct idea. By like reports, toe slate of the academy at West Point will bo seen, as well as the progress which has been made in the jnrtifica lions along the coast and at the na tional armories and arsenals. The position on the lied River, and that at the Suult nf St. Maine, are the only new posts that have been taken. These posts, with Home already occupied in the ante rior, are thought to i-e well adapted lo the protection of our frontiers. Ail tile force not placed in the garrisons along the coast, and in tlie ordnance depots, and indispen sably necessary there, is placed on tit. frontiers. I he organization of the several corps composing the army, is such as tu admit ns expansion to a great extent, in case of e. inrtgrnry, the nlficera carrying witli then, atl tec I ght which i hey possess to the IK w corps, to which they inigtu be appointed. Woii the organisation (lithe staff, there iictpialcause lobe satisfied. Jtv the cote crnuaii-oi of eve, y branch, with its chi- i inthis city, in the presence ot the Depart- ment, ad with a grade in the chief military ■ I .lion,-o seep ah-e ami cl), util a mi ear) •pint, the greater i pi amplitude m the el ocution of orders, with the greatest econo my and ufilcienci, are secured. The same view ia taken of tliu Military Academy tv >od order is preserved in it and the youth are wto instructed in every science cnnected with the great objects of the Inslitutinn. They are also will trai ned and disciplined in the practical parts of ihe ,'roti-s.sioo. li tiaa aiwsyxheen found difficult to control the ardor inscrutable IVom - lint early age. in such a manner asm give it a proper direction- The rig'-'.s of manhood are too ofien 'daimed prenmtur- ly, in presisng which too far. the respoc- which is due lo age, and the obedience necessary to a course of study and insiruc tion, in every snr.h institution, are some- limes lost sight of. I lie great object to h, accomplished is the restraint of that ardor, by such ivtse regulations sod government, (is, by di-ectiag ill the-energies of Hie youihfut mind, to the attainment of useful ko in-ledge, will keep it within a just sob- ordination, and at the same time elvvati it to tne highest purposes, This ohji-ct scents to be essentially obtained in. this institution and with groat advantage to the Union. The Military Academy forms the basis in regard to science, on which Hie Military nsla.dishment rests. Itfurmshcs annually, slier due examination, and on the report if die Academic SialT, many well informed youths, to fdi Hie vacancies which ocr.ui in ttie several corps of the army, while o- tilers, wIm retire to private file, eairy witli th -m snr.h attainments, as, under the riglu rbscrvi d to the several states to appoint the officers and to train the Militia, will enable them, by affording a wider field for selection, to promote the great oi-j--cl of Hie power vested in Congress, of nrovld- eg for the organizing, arming, and disci filming Hie Militia, Thus, by the mutual and luirmouious co.nper.itiuu of the two governments in the execution of a power divided between them, an object .always to he cherishe-q lire attsoimeiu of a gri at t* • suit, o i winch put liberties may dope:- 1, cannot lari to he secured. 4 have to add, that, in proportion as our regular force, is small, should the instruction anddisci|4.ne oflhe Militia, the great resnuice on winch we rely, be pushed to the utmost extent llul circumstances will admit. A Itepi-i-i from toe Secretary of Hie Na vy will communicate the* progress r ! .a Insbeeh made in the con-,unction of ves sels of war, with, other interesting details, resoectiogthe actual state ot tile affairs of Uu*t Department, ft tins been found ne cessary fur tho protection of our commerce lo maintain me usual squadrons outlie Me ditcrraiienn, tile Pacific, and along die \i- laniic Unas', extending the cruizes ol the t ier into Uie West-indies, where phacy, rgun aed imo a system, lets preyed on He commerce of every country trading tin- titer. A cro ze has also been maintained outlie Coast of Africa, when the scas-m would peimit, for the soppiessioa of life Slave l"rsd« i and orfleis have been given to Hie commanders of alt our public ships, to seitti our own vessels, shout 1 they liml soy engaged in that trade, and tu h:uig them in for adjudicat.nn. In tlie West Indies piracy is trf re cent dale, which may exp'jin the cause 'vliy other Powers have not com. hiiit-d against it. By the document- i-oinmunicated it will he seen that ihe II I ts. of the United Mates to Blip press it, have had a very salutary et- feet. 'Ihe benevolent provision ol the act, under Which the protec lion has been extended alike to the com merce of other nations, cannot fail tu lie duly appreciated liy litem. In compliance with the Act of the last Session, entitled “An act to a bolish til-:' Coiled Slates’ Tiading Kdalilisliments,” agents were imme dintely appointed and instructed, tin der tlie direcmm uf the Secretary ol ihe Tieasur-, tu clnae the business nl the trading houses among the Indian Iriliea, and to settle the accounts ol the Factors and Sub factors engaged m that trade, and In execute, In all other respects, the injunctions of that act, io die mode prescribed therein. A final report of their piuceedings shall he Communicated to Congress as soon as it is received. It is with great regret I have to state that a serious malady has depri. ved us of many valuable citizens at Puusacula, and cheeked Ihe progress of some of (hose arrangements which are important to the territory. This effect has been sensibly felt in respect io (he Indians who inhabit that terri tory, consisting of the remnants of oe veral tribes who occupy the micldl- ground between St. Augustine ami Pensacola, with extensive < hints but, undefined boundaries. All hough peace is preserved with those Indians, yet (heir position and claims 'end essen tially to interrupt the intercourse he tween the eastern and western parts of the territory, on which our inhabit anta are principally settled. It i- essenlial to the growth and prosperity of tlie teiilnry, as well as to the in. 'ercourse of the Union, (hat these Indians should be removed, by special compact with them, to some other po sition, or concentrated within narrow er limi'i where they are. With the limited means in the power of the Executive, instructions were given to Hie Governor lu arcotnplisli this ob ject, so far as ii might be practicable which w..B prevented hy the distress ing'malady referred t . To carry ii lully into effect in cither inode, xddi- lioiiai luml. will be necessurv, to thi provision nf which the nutlets ill Con gress alone are competent. With a .lew lu kiacli provision at may h> dee med pmper, Hi t su'ijnct is submitted to your consideration, and in ihe in. tenin, further puiceedinga are sus pended. i It appearing that an much of the art, eoinlrd “An act rcgul.'ing Hie stall' of ilni sriny,” which pas-t-U on the l-uli April, Iclb, at icUUi lo tl-e cnmoiiasaiiaf, will expire in April next, and tlie practical opera I ion of that, d parimetil having evinced its great tidily, the prnpuety ol its re. newal it submitted to your coii-tdi-ia- (inn. Tlie view which has been taken of the probable productiveness of the lead mines, cooneiUid with the in portance ol the* material to the public defence, makes it expedient that they should be managed with peculiar care. It is therefore suggested whether tt will not comport with the public in terest to [i-nvide by law for the up. pointment of'an agent skilled in min. trilogy, to superintend then-, undet the direction of the proper Depart* ment, II is.understood that the Cumberland road, which iva-s dblis’.l afitl'd at » gi-eltt ex pense, lias already soflt ied from tlie want of tn.it tegular aupei-iiitemti-nee, and of those repairs which urt- iotli pcusildc to the preservation of such a work. This road is af incalculable advantage io facili tating!the ihtcrcoorse between tlie west ern and Atlantic states. Through it (lie whole country from the northern extremi ty of talks Kr,e to the Mississippi, uod from all tlie waters which emptj into each, finds an easy unit direct comniimicutioit to the seat of government, ami thence-to the Atlantic. The facility which itallbrdl to alt military and commercial operations, and also to those of tne post cilice depart ment, cannot be rslimaieil too highly,— fit is great work (is likewise an ornament ; ml an honor til the natiui). Believing that a competent jpnw er to adopt and exe cute a system of i iternal improvement lias not been gi-antei to congress, but Hint such a power, confined to great national purposes, and with proper limitations, sotiled i leaving on that day a balance I donee, m J resume (heir equal autioo unsettled ot ion* millions eight- bun. j uniting the nations ol the earth. ° ill oil ami ninety three thou.anti four bundled uud seventy nine tl-dlaea and eighty five cents. That there have bean d I awn imm the Trea-utv, in paying Ihe public ileld, and sustaining the Government in till its operations and disbursements, aioce tho 4th of Mau-k, I Sir, one hundred and 'fifty seven millions one hundred ami ninei v nine Hinusand thiee hundred and. eighty dollars and- ninety six oenls, Ihe accounts for which have been set. tied to thqamuoid ol one liumJi t-d anil thirty seven millions five hundred "111 one llmusntid' lout Lundrfil and would be pi-odtit live of eminent •advan tage tooor Union I have thought it udris* able that an auieiitimeiit of the constitution tu that effect should be recommended to the several status. A bill winch assumed the right to udiiit and execute suelia ays- tern-having beef presented for my signa ture at the lastlsess.on, l was compelled from the view klnen I had taken of tin- powers of tlie general government, to ne gative it, on winch occas.oii I thought it proper to oominonlcotc the semroents which I hud formed, on mature considera tion, on tlie whole subject. To liial com munication, in all tile views in winch the great Interest lo which it relates may be pposed lo merit your attention. 1 hav# new to refer. Shtudd congress, however, deem it improper, to recommend such an aniendini-nt, they have, oaeording to my judgment, the right tu keep tlie. road in repair, bjxproviding for the Nopct-intcnd- ance of it, and appropriating (lie money necessary the repairs, surely if they hail tne •gut Vo appropriate mutiny. to make the read, they have a right to apprupt-i- ate it lo preserve tiie road from ruin. l-'ro:n tlie exercise of this poweiy no dan ger is lo be apprehended. Under our _ iy system the people arc the sole .and cxcltilivesfomiiuin et power. Knelt go vernment originates from* them, slid to them alone, each , to its proper constitu ents, are. they respectively ami solely re- sponsibih for tlie faithful discharge eftheir dutms, within their constitutional limits ; and that the people will confine their pub lic agents of every station to the strict linco. their constitutional duties, there is no cause tu doubt. Haling, iron ever, com municated my sentiments to congress at die lust session fully, m Hie document to which t have referred, respecting the rigid of oppropriatinn, us distinct from tlie from tile right of jurisdiction and sove-, reigpty over the territory in question, l deem it improper to eularge on the sub ject here. From Hie best ipformadon that I have been able to ublain, it appeals that uor Manufactures though tit-pies »ed immediately after the Fence have cuusitlei-iibly increased, and are still increasing, under Ihe rncouragi-imnit given them hy the Tauff of 1316, and by subsequent la-i’->. Satisfied, 1 am whatever may be *>• ;,t,straei ductrin" in lavour ol u » stricter! commerce, provided all naiiuns would cuot ur in ii, and it was not liable tu be tuier lupiul by war, which lias never oc curred, and cannot be expected, that there are other strut g teasons nppli cable to nut situa'ion, and relations w'uh othi-rcnunlrii-s, which impose oil us Hie obligation tu cheiish and sustain our manblactuiea. Satis- ft -il,however, I likewise am, that the interest of every pail ol out Union, even ol those most bemfi -..-dby ms ouf lctmes, icq ores Hut tills subject should be tourned with Ihe greatest c utioii, and a critical knowledge ul the tfti-c^ lu be produced Oj tin. slightest change. On lull considera tion of the subj.-cl, in all its relations, 1 am persuaded, Hint a lurllier aug mentation uiay he made of tlie duties on certain foreign articles, in favor of ourutvii, and without uH'eciiug injuii- ously, any othei iliierest For more precise details, I refer you to the com munications which were made to Congress during the lust Session. So great was the amouolol accounts for monies ailvauced tinting the late war, jn addition to ptlteis id a pre vious date, which, in H,e legulur upe ratin'.snl the gov*' innunt, necessarily remained uiisettlid, that it required a conshleiaUle length of litnc lur their adjustment. By .a repot t from the Fu st Comptroller of the Tteasury, i- appears that, on the 4 It of March, 1317, Hie accounts then unsettled filly one dollars avid twelve taints leaving a balance (inso. fl.-xl of dine teen millions six hundred and ninety seven Hinusand nine hundred and twenty nine dntlara amt eighty lour cents. For precise details levpeclmg eacli ul these balances, 1 refer "tu Hr report of Hie Comptroller, and llie documents Whichjtccnnidniiy it. ( 1 F om this view it appl-ara that bur commercial differences with France and Gicul lliitaiii, have' been placed in a train ol amicable arfiangeim-nt, on conditions lair and Itunoruble, in both instances, tu each put vyt that our finances are in a very productive state: our luvcriijc being at present lully competent to all tlie demands upon ii ythat nur military force is wr-il or ganised in all its branches, ami capa ble uf rendering the most important service, in ease of emergency, that it- i umtier will admit ofq that due pro gress lias been -made, under existing appiop iatioiK, in the cnAstiaction ol loetificulions, and in Hie opeialtons of tire ordinance department; that due progress lots, in liku iminner, been made tu the cunstiuctiuii ul ships ol war; 'hat our navy u in the best condition, felt and respected, in ive ry sea in wlucli.il ts employ.! lur tho protection of our commerce ; that our manuluettires have augmented in a- iiiount, uml improved in quality ; that grout pi ogress has been made in the settlemeht ol accounts, and in tlte re- cove.ry of Ihe balances due hy indivi - da-la-; and that tlie utmost ecuoumy ia secured and observed, in' every de partment uf tlie uduiiulgtrutiim. Giber yhjeels will likewise claim your altention ; because, from thesia Hun which the United Stales hold, as a member uf the groat community «f u nions, (hey have rights lu inuiqtulu, duties lo {h-i form, and danger* ip on* counter. A strong hope was entertained that peace would, ere this, have been con. eluded, between, Spain and tha In dependent Governments south of (lie United Ssales in tins hemisphere.— Long experience having evinced the competency of those governtncnU, to maintain tlie independence which they had declared, it was prestlmtd. mat the considerations which induced their recognition by (he United Stales, would have had equal weight wiili other Powers, and that Spain hqrsell, yielding lo those magnanimous feel i.-gs of which her history furnishes an many cxtinplcs, would nave tormina led,mi that basis, a controversy so uuuVailiiig, and a> the same, to ties (motive. We siill cherish the hope, that this result will nut long be post piined. Sustaining oor neutral positiim, and allowing to each party, while the wai continues, equal rights, it is incum bent tm the United Slates !«• claim of each, with equal rigor, the laithlu, observance uf our rights, according lo the well known law ol nations. From each, llierelnre a like cn-npcranoo is expected in the truppiesaion *i the pi ratical practice wli'clt has grown out ul this war, and’ul blockades of ex tensive coasts on both seas, which, considering the small force employed to sustain them, have nut the sliglms'- I mi ii d rt inn to rest on. Europe is siill unsettled, and al though Ihe war long menaced be tween Ru-sia and Tut key, lus not broken out, there is no cet tainty that he differences between those Powers will he amicably adjusted. It is im possible Ip look to Hie Oppressions ol the country, respecting which tlips- d (Terences aro-e, „ it.bout being (Jeep Iy affected. Tlie mention of Greece fills the mind witli Hie tlie most exalt, ml sentiments, and arouses in our bo soms (lie best feelings uf which ou nature is susceptible. Superior skill ami refill ment in the arts, hemic gal lantry in action, disinterested pntiio- tism, enthusiastic teal and devotion in lavor id public and personal liber ty, are associated with our reculler, lions of ancient Greece. Teat such a country . should have been nver. wheldmed, -md so long hidden, as it were, from the world, under a gloomy despotism, has been u cause nf unceas ing ami deep regret to generous minds for ag‘-s past. It was natural, there- fne, that the re-'.p learanoc nf those , A tffVt h„* been made ia ' Hud l*oi toy nl to i ai prove ' Ihe rtM:diiioo of ihe % ople, end it nftiit h«* vory consoling all benevolent wi 1 :'!-!, lo see the exfHordioury mo, deration with which it iiae been enn- duitiil. That it may promote tho nappiticM ol both nations, i* (he nr, pent wndt ol'this uhole people, to (be ‘ xpre^sion of which we confine our\ ; (or, whatever may be (he Itch "'Z* 0| ' h^niimniKe, which every in. /'•n lual under uur government ban % n 4’’» indulge and express, it U ne- 1 veithclraa nsacred maxim, equally wi;h tlie gov urn ment and people, that •he destiny of every ind. peiioent t)», don, in nbat relates to *uch impreyvr* «>t rijht belongs, and ought to be left, exclusively to tlienmlves. Wheilier we reason from (ho Iftt© wars, or from tlicse menacing avnip- iom* yliii h (tow i^»pear in Kurope, it is # nanilnsi thafjl a convulsion xliuuld 'nke place, in any of those countries it will proceed from viaUMfiS whicli hat* no exigence, and urewUcrlv on. known in these Slates, in which iher© > is bul one older, ihat of the people, to whom the aoveieWnty exclusively belongs. .Should wV break cut in any of I hose countriesV Who ran lore. u*ll the extent to which'if inay he cur. rieil,or thedeauLtion which it may hpre.ad ? Exempt ms we lire from these cause*, our internal tranquility is secure j and, distant ua we aro from thefroublcd scene, and faitliful tojjust principles, in rt*»uid to other wers, wc miuhtr^Mfwnubly presume* that we should net be molested bj them. This, however* ought not to be calculHled, on, as certain* Uupru voked iujurii# are of‘(fn inflicted,uml even Ihe peculiar felicity ot our situation, inipht, with sumc, be » cause for excifemftnt and a^grPRsion Tlie history of rhe (ite^warsin liu^ rope lamislies a complete demonstra^ tiou, that no sy*tcin of conduct, how. ever correct in principle, can profect iiculral Powers from injury, from any party; drita tlidenctdets position, anil distinguished love of peace, arc tha s'Irest invitations to war.aiui (IimI thcr© is no ^ay to avm»f it, other than by being always prepared* and willing for just Giuse, to mcH!t it. If there be a ^ people t»n iMirth, wiiose ir.ire enperial daiy it'ik, lo be ut nil Uiviea prepaiSMi to defend (he liglils with Nvhich they are ble9tcd, and to surpass all others* in sustaining tin; necessary burthens* and in 6ubmitnug to sacrifices, to make such pripuroiions, if is undoubt edly the people nf these states* When we see that a civil war of tho most fr>g!iiful chat actor rages from this Adriatic lo the Rlack Sea ; that strong symptoms of war appear in other paii**, proceeding from causes which, should it break out, may become general and be ot* long duration ; that the war siill continues between Hpain and the Independent Go vernments, her laic Prov'oces, in turn hemisphere, that it is likewise menaced by Portugal andjihwzil, in consequence of’ the attempt of the hiUef* to dismember it self from the former; and that a system of piracy, of great extent, is maintained in the neighbouring iieas, which will require equal vigilance and decision to suppress it, the reasons for sustaining the attitude which we now hold, and pushing forward all our measures of defence with the ut most vigour appear lo me to a.quirc new force. The United States owe to the world ^ £reat example, and by means thereof, to tlie cause of liberty and humanity, a gen erous support, They have so far succeed ed, to the satisfaction of the virtuous and enlightened of every country. There is no reason to doubt, that their whole move ment will be regulated by a sacred reguid to principle, all our institutions be*ng founded on th.it basis. The ability to sup port our own cause, under any trial to which it may be exposed, is the great point on which the public solicitude tests. It has been often charged against free go vernments, that they have neither the foresight nor the virtue to provide at the proper season for grout emergencies j that their course is improvident and expensive; that war will always find them unprepar ed, and whatever may be its calamities* that its terrible warnings will be disregar ded and forgotten h* soon as peace re turns. I have full confidem-c that this charge, so far as relates to the United Slates, will he shewn tube utterly desti tute of truth. JAMES MONROE. WashitiQlon, Jfecember 3, 1823. A bill .iiu passed the House of Repre sentatives of this state, confirming the ti des made by the Mayor and Aldermen of Savsnnah in fee simple, or otherwise, of tha oily common, and also giving the control of the Court House and Jail of Chattum County to the Justices of the Inferior Court and Sheriff. We regret to learn that the TT. S. scltr. Alligator is totally last. Our corfespo..(lent at Norfolk, slate i that she was Wrecked on the llHhiNuv. onCarysford Reef, and that tlte crew hud arrived in the brigantine Ann-Maria at Norfolk. •iiiounled lu one humiml «..d lluce I people hi fhvi. o.. R l» : al cdiurac.or, Co,.- miilimia nixiy «-ij-ut ihousaod , iol„ ,‘''‘"‘(''X '" f'.or .4 their lib.rlir*. hull Hi oil »i.d ,'truly «ix dull.r. at.d l-n.duc that *rea eicil.iucnl forty olio cxiil,, ol Ilia 30H, I •' (l *>'' , n» lh J r 1,1 1 ol Set,leu,tier U >e |irt'.ci.l year, I , * vu 1 b ‘ ‘ " .V 5 ’,' } x ninety throe million, •-ne hundiril *k 11 ! l,u A •eeriuy five llmUMnd Hitcu hundred '* *nl«Uln«l Ih.l the. and 90 ti* dulUi»Ik. 5 j tent. Iiatl k*«4 1'">1' I » w, “ f « u, ? r . ftW k,lJc ‘ ,,!U DIED, At.his residence, in Ham well histrict, South Carolina, cn the Otb in*t. Cant. Bar- l«tt Brown, in the 68th year of his ugf* He was one of those remaining few who aided in tlie securing of American Inda. t u lienee. And ihojc who knew him best, u4w bsftV low to appwiatc bit worth.