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ELIAS YULEE, Editor and Frop’r. VATICANISM IN GERMANY, And in the United States. The present attitude of Germany toward Rome, is not one of hostility to the Roman Catholic Church as a spiritual power, but as a temporal one, assuming authority above the State. Except, so far as it comes in conflict with the church doctrine of infallibility, it is, in no sense of the term, a religious movement: it is simply the German Empire-asserting its supremacy in matters of State over what has been called by the defenders of the Romish Church, the Apostolic Empire. The question to be settled by the German Empire is one of allegiance to its laws. The Romish Church, both in theory and practice holds its first allegiance to the Apostolic Em pire, with the Pope as its supreme head; its second allegiance to the German Empire, with King William as its ruler. The adherents ol this church number many millions: its teach ing have becomfe part of their faith and thus Germany has within its borders citizens who claim its protection and the full benefit of its laws and yet hold an allegiance to a foreign potentate whose orders they are bound to obey, even though obedience bring them into direct antagonism with the State whose citizens they claim to be. This anomaly was one which early attracted* not only the attention of Bismarck, but other distinguished statesmen, some of whom were earnest Catholics devoted to the church and yet sensible of their duty to the Empire. They saw that two powers claiming equal or supe rior jurisdiction, could not exist without the final submission of one to the other. It would eventually come about, either through bloody conflict or peaceful measures. The questions with these statesmen were simply, shall Ger many be ruled by Rome or by herself? Shall the laws of the Empire be weaker than the words of the Pope ? On these points there could be no compromise' it must be one or the other—the supremacy of the German Empire or the supremacy of the Apostolic Empire. The breaking out of the war with France postponed the settlement of a question which had long been pending. The close of the war found the the German Empire more thoroughly nationalized than'at the opening. Its several parts were more united; its borders were en larged; its people were more devoted to the interest and advance of the Empire; in a word, it had grown in the midst of a destruc tive war. France no longer dreaded as an ally of :rine of infallibility; A* tria too : otent on keeping peace with a nation flushed with vic tory, and guarded by th bes* equipped stand ing army in all Europe, gave to Germany the opportunity which she had sought for years, to say to the Romans Catholic Church, “Asa spiritual power you continue in Germany, but as a temporal power, claiming equal authority with the laws of the Empire, you hereby re ceive notice to vacate the State or obey its laws Henceforth the German Empire assumes full control of its cisizens, and the Apostolic Empire must conform to the new order of things/’ By its recent acts toward the Romish Church* Germany simply proclaims its independence and asserts its sovereignty. Henceforth the German citizen, whether he be a bishop, a priest or a layman, can appeal for protection to the State against the rigors or injustice of ecclesiastical law. If the Pope of Rome seeks, through the bishops, to fine or imprison a Ca tholic citizen, or to deprive him of his honors or his property, or to molest him in any way, the punishment can only be inflicted by first obtaining the consent of the punished, and even then it must not violate the laws of the realm. This, it will be noted, destroys the temporal power of the church, and only the temporal power; fer it leaves untouched the faith which recognizes the Pope as the spiri tual head of the church. Therefore the move ment in Germany is political and not religi ous in its character, more defensive than ag gressive, and though the Roman Church throughtout the world may endeavor to con strue it into a movement of religious persecu tion, the unprejudiced observer will see in it nothing but the exercise of an inherent right on the part of a nation to compel all church or other organizations to submit to its laws, and to enjoy their forms of worship on the basi. of equality, each entitled to respect and pro tection, and all required to conform to the laws of the only temporal sovereign, the States VATICANISM. To better understand the causes which have led to the suppression of the temporal power of the Roman Church, or to the subordination of the Apostolic Empire or Roman Hierarchy to the civil laws of the German Empire, we should first understand the character of Va ticanism, the power from which the Hierarchy derives its authority, and on which it bases its claims to make its own laws and to annul those of the State which in any way interfere with its prerogatives. What is Vaticanism ? To give a detailed answer that would cover all its claims and set forth all its pretentions to the exercise of tern, poral authority, would fill a volume. The briefest reply is the one mos* comprehensive* Vaticanism is Papal authority in its organized form, or, the will of the Vatican as expressed through canonical and ecclesiastical laws ; a system arrogating to itself the divine right of governing, both in politics and religion, the whole domaio of Roman Catholic Christen dom. The Vatican decrees are held to be the supreme command of God, through the Pope, i to his faithful subjects, to be obeyed by them on all questions of faith and morals, of civil 1 and religious duty. Therefore, whatever the Vatican decrees becomes a law. imperative absolute, to be obeyed and not to be gainsaid by any within the province of the Romish Church. ®l}e (Expositor. Whaf is the nature of its power ? How far can Vaticanism go in tho government of a people ? These arc questions on which Cath_ olics are divided, and the solution ot which i continually affecting tho unity of the Church. The majority of the adherents of the Romish Church believe in tho universal or supreme authority of Vaticanism, are loyal to its de crees, and subordinate their allegiance to their country, to their higher allegiance to the Pope, recognizing in him the only sovereign who derives his authority from God, who through such derivation has the right to com mand their allegiance. Other Catholics, no less sincere in their de votion to the church than the ones mentioned hold to the doctrine that Vaticanism has no relation to the State, except through the force of example; that its province is spiritual and not in any sense political, and that the Vatican decrees are simply directory in their character, confined to church discipline, and have no binding force over a citizen in his re lations to the State in which he claims citizen ship. Here wo have a division of opinion in a church that recognizes a common head. Both sides of the question admit the spiritual au thority of the Pope as the head of the church, both agree in all matters of discipline, but a line divides them on a question of temporal power, the one claiming him to be above the princes of tne earth, the other asserting that ho has no political power. In Germany this division is marked, and has led to a serious split in the church. The result has been, the dissenters from the accepted meaning and scope of Vaticanism have banded together, and under the name of Old Catholics are daily gaining converts to what they deem the only true doctrine on which Catholicism can stand. But as these dissenters, or old Catholics are largely in tho minority, we must accept the assumption of Vaticanism, of its right to su premacy over civil law as the vital point at issue between the German Government and the Church of Rome. Gladstone, in speaking of these Vatican de crees, says : “In the presenoe of these de crees it is no longer possible for English Cath olics to pay to their sovereign a full and undi vided allegiance.” And again, “ The Vati can decrees do, in the strictest sense, estab lish for the Pope a supreme command over loyalty and civil duty.” And again ho says with great clearness : “ It is, in my opinion, an entire mistake to suppose that theories like those of which Rome hs the centre, are not operative on the and i -tions uien. An army of teachers, the largest and most compact in the world, is ever sedulously at work to bring them into practice. Within our time they have most powerfluly, as well as most inju riously, altered the spirit and feeling of the Roman Church at large , and it will be strange indeed if, having dttfK) so much in the last half century, they shall effect nothing in the next.” THE TEMPORAL POWER OF ROME, It is with this power of Vaticanism—teach ing to German subjects the fatal doctrine of Papal infallibility ; dividing them in their loyalty to the Empire ; disturbing them in their civil relations to the realm ; and sowing seeds of political and religious dissensions— that Bismarck has to deal. It hus been said that Bismarck is the power behind the throne, but this is true only in the sense of his repre sentative character. In this Bismarck repre sents the spirit of progressive Germany ; the soul of the new Empire that is shaking off the chains of the past, and rising up like a youthful giant to enjoy its liberties, enforce its rights, and become tbe leader among the nations of Europe. It is the irrepressible spirit of the German people who long to see the Empire supreme within its own borders, that impels Bismarck, as its best and most courageous representative to lead the move ment, not against the Catholic faith, but against the temporal power which Vaticanism or Papal authority has exercised over the civil law for more than half a century. The movement is not a sudden one. It is the result of deliberate judgment formed from the experience of years. Leading German statesmen for the past twenty years have seen in the assumption of the Romish Hierarchy, a danger which would eventually, unless checked, destroy the integrity of tbe State. They saw, with alarm, a church which Had been invited to enjoy the freedom accorded by Prussian laws to other churches, abusing the spirit of toleration, and transforming what was granted as a privilege into a divine right above the laws of the realm and responsible only to Rome. They beheld a ebureb which had come to them humbled, shattered, desti tute, glad to accept their hospitality and tbe protection of their liberal laws, grow, not in sympathy with the nation which sheltered it, but in sympathy with a foreign potentate, whose commands taught its followers not gratitude and loyalty to Prussia, but supreme loyalty to Rome. From 1821 to 1837, the Roman Church quietly acquiesced to those civil laws which Prussia had established for her own safety In lact, one of the conditions on which the Romish Church was re-established in Prussia, shortly after 1815, was a willing submission to Prussian laws. This was eheerfully given, and the Church and State lived in harmony, until about 1844, when the secret intrigues of *he Order of Jesuits began to bear fruits in the shape of new demands and on the part of the church. The Constitution of 1850 gave the Papal Hierarchy its first strong hold upon the State. Under the plausi ble plea of “ the freedom of the Church,” it secured certain rights which became the levers to overturn restrictions placed upon it. The power of supervision, still retained by Prussia in her Constitution of 1850 soon became a dead letter, so far as it applied to the Romish LET US HAVE LIGHT! HE WHO CANNOT REASON, IS A FOOL-HE WHO WILL NOT REASON, IS A BIGOT. SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER, 30, 1875 Hierarchy, and tho church as it grew in strength increased in arrogance, until its pre tentions of authority and open defiance of law made it absolutely necessary for the State tft surrender its authority to Home, or at oncef take such steps as would subordinate the Romish Church to the same laws which gov erned other religious organizations in the realm. The measures necessary to restrict Papal au thority wero delayed from year to year. Italy under the finger of the Pope ; Austria obedi ent to his oommands ; France tho natural en emy of Prussia, and governed by Napoleoi), who drew his inspiration frrm Rome, made the work of self-protection, not only hazard ous to the peaoe of tho realm, but perilous to national existence. In the meantime the Papal Hierarchy grew in boldness, and became more exaoting in its demands. Romish Bishops entered Govern ment schools and instructed teachers, appoin ted and paid by the State, what they should, and what they should not teaoh. Whon called to an account for this abuse of a supervising privilege granted thorn, they arrogantly re plied, that every Catholic teacher was subject to their control, and this, not through the laws of Prussia, but under tho laws of the Church. [continued in our next.] wa.t -4 THE PAWNBROKER’S STORY. Asa pawnbroker in a popnlous suburb ot London, I have bad occasion to see painful, and sometimes not unpleasant phases of society. Just to give au idea of what occasionally comes under the notioe of a person in my profession, I shall de scribe a little incident and its conse- quences : One evening I stepped to the door for a little fresh air and to look about me for a moment. While I was gazing up and down the road, I saw a tidily-dressed young person step up to our side door. She walked like a lady— and let me toll you that in nine eases out of ten it’s the walk, and not the dress, which distin guishes the lady from the servant girl—and first she looked about, and then she seemed to make up her mind in a flurried sort of a way, and in a moment more was standing at our counter, holding out a glittering something in a little tembling hand covered with a worn kid glove. * Inaaus, wnn stepping 1(11- ward to take the seal, when I came in and interposed. The poor young thing was so nervous and shy, and altogether so unused to this work, that I felt for her as if she had been my own daughter almost. She couldn’t have, been above eighteen years old—so frail and gentle a creature. ‘lf you please, will you tell me,’ she said timidly, in a very sweet, low voice, trembling with norvousnoss, ‘what is the value of this seal ? ’ •Well, .Miss,’ I said, taking the seal into my hand und looking at it—it was an old fashioned seal, such as country gentlemen used to wear, with a coat of arms cut upon it—.that depends upon whether you wnat to pledge it, or to sell it outright.’ ‘I am married, sir,’ and she said the words proudly and with dignity, though still so shy, and seeming ready to burst out crying ; ‘and my husband is very ill— and—and—and—And then the tears wouldu t bo kept back any longer, and she sobbed as it her poor little heart would break. ‘There, there, my dear,’ I said to her j ‘don’t cry; it will come all right in time and I tried to comfort her in my rough and-ready way. ‘I will lend you, ma’am,* I said to her at last, ‘a sovereign upon this seal ; and if you wish to sell it, perhaps I can sell it for you to advantage.’ And then I gave her a pound; and she tripped away with a lighter heart, and many thanks to m;,~and I thought no more of the matter at the time. The very next day, the day before Christ mas, there came into our place of business a very eccentric gentleman, who s called upon us pretty often before, not for the sake of pawning anything, though he was generally shabby enough to. But he was a collector—ono of those men who are mad upon old china and curiosities ol all sorts. ‘Anything in my way to-day, Mr. Davis ?’ he said, in his quick, energetic manner, with a jolly smile on his face, an I pntting down the cigarette he was smoking upon the edge of the counter. The Rev. Mr. Broadman is a collector of gems, and rings, and seals, and, in fact, of any stones that have heads or figures upon them. And I had been in the habit of putting aside for him whatever in this way passed throngh our han s, for he gave ns a better price than we should have got for them at the quarterly sales. ‘The fact is, Davis,- he said to me, ‘these things are invaluable; many of them are as beautiful, on a small scale, as the old Greek scriptures ; and some of them even by the same artists. And they are made no longer; lor, in this busy nineteenth century of ours, time and | brains are too precious to be spent on - these laborious trifles.’ Now, although I 1 had no stones of the kind he wanted just then, it entered into my head that I would tell him about the seal which had come into my possession the evening before. I I told him the story somewhat as I have just told it to you. He listened attentively to all I said. When I had done he looked at the seal, and said, ‘I observe that it has been the heraldio emblem of a baronet. ’ He then congratulated me upon tho way in which I had acted. He asked, too, for this young lady’s address, which she had given mo quite correct, and then left' the shop withou; another word. You must give me leave to tell the rest of the story tn my own' way, although it may be a very different way from that which the reverend personage employed in relating it to me afterward. It seemed that it was a runaway match. A couutry baronet's son had fallen in love with the clergyman's daughter iu the vil lage where his father lived, and they had run away together and got married. Then .‘hey otgue up to London, these two poor •yk.ajg things—for neither his father, nor her’s either, for the matter of that, would have anything to say to the mutch—he, full of hopes of gotting on in tho literary and artistic ltne, and she, poor creature, full of tmst in him. Tho project of living by literature did not turn out as was expected. The young fellow without experience or friends, spent much timo in going about from ouo pub lisher to anothor, and Bonding his writings to the various magazines—which I noed not say were always ‘received with thanks.' And then ho foil ill; typhus, I fancy, brought on by insufficient nourishment and bad drainage, and disappointed hopes. The registrar-general does not givo a re turn of these cuses in any list that 1 am n ware of; but we see something of them in onr line of business nevertheless. ft was just at this time that Mr. Broad man found out Mrs. Vinoont, for that was the name of the young lady who came to my shop witli the gold seal. Cambridge Terraco is not very far from the Angel ut Islington, and there, in a little back stroet of small, respectable houses, inhabited by junior clerks, with here and there a lodging house, Mr. and Mrs. Vincent lived. They were rather shy at first of a stran ger, and a little proud and haughty, por haps. People who have seen better days and are down upon their luck, are apt to be so. But the parson with his pleasant ways and cheery voice, soon made it all right; and, in a jiffy, he and Mr. Vincent were talking about college, for they had both been to the same university. And there was even soon a smilo, too—a wan smile enough—upon the poor invalid’s sharp-cut, thin face, with tho hollow, far away eyes, which looked at you us if out of i, cavern. Ho was tho wreck of a fine young lellow, too; one who had been used to his hunting and shooting, and all the country sports which make broad-chested, strong-limbed country people the envy of us poor, thin pale townsfolks. Mr. Broadman came direct to me when he left them. I did not live far off, and lit thought that I might lend them a neighbor's help. ‘Davis,’ says he, ‘that peer fellow is dying; I can see death in hj-i eyes.’ ‘What is he a-dying off?’ I replied. He looked at mu steadfastly u moment, and I could see a moisture in his oye, as ip said, slowly and solemnly, ‘Of starva tion, Davis—of actual want of food.” 'A gentleman starving in London, in Islington, a baronent’s son, too ! Why it’s jiicredible.' ‘Not at all,’ said Mr. Broadman, ‘these are tbe very people who die of starvation iji London, and in all great cities. Not lie poor, who know where the work-houHe b, and who can get at the relieving officer, jf the worat cornea to the worst; but the well-born, who have fallen into destitute poverty, and who carry their pride with .them, dive into a back alley, like some wild aininal into a hole, to die alone. Mr. Vincent wants wine and jellies, and ail sorts of good things; if help hasn’t come too late. No, no, nay friend,’ ho continued, putting back my hand, for I was ready to give my money in a prope cause. 'No, no; I have left them all they want at present, Davis, But I’ll tell you what you can do; you can, if you like to play the good Samaritan, go and see them, and cheer them up a bit. Mrs. Vincent hasn’t forgotten your kindness to her, I can assure you And I think her hus band would like to thank you too, aud it would arouse him up a bit, perhaps. ’ And then Mr. Broadman told me, shortly, some thing of what these two poor things had gone through—she, loving and trusting him so; and he, half mad that he had brought her to this pass, and could do uothing for her. Mr. Broadman wrote that very day to the baronet, a proud, hard man, I’m told. But the letter he wrote back was soft enough, and melting to read, it was go full of human nature, yon see the father’s heart swelling up at the thought of get ting back his son; and bursting throngh the thick crust of pride which had pre- J vented him from making the first advances. And the parson says to me: ‘Well, Mr. Davis/ he said, 'there are ; many people kept asunder only for want jof somebody to go between them, you see, and make peace. ” And I said partly to myself: ‘Why shouldn’t Christianity itself be such a generous peacemaker as that 7 ‘Ay,’ replied Mr. Broadman, ‘if people only believed in it properly.’ That very day we got the baronet’s let ter, I was on my way in the afternoon to Cambridge terrace to pay my respects to Mrs. Vincent—and I had sent in a few* bottles of good wine from my own wine merchant—at least as good as could bo got for money or love. Well, when I got near tho door, I saw an old gjentloman walking up and dowu, a little disturbed, apparently, in his mind, at finding him self In such a queer locality, and ns if looking for something or somebody. A short, rosy faced fellow he was, clean shaved as n pin, and very neat and old fashioned in hi, dress, with that sort of air about him which marks an English country gentlomnu wherever he may be. Well, we soon got into a talk, for I’d spotted the baronet in a moment, and he was anxious to find out something about his sou, ns soon ns he heard I knew a little of the young couple. ‘And you, do you think, sir, that my— that Mr. Vincent is dangorously ill ?’ said the old baronet; and there was a sob in his voioo ns bo spoke, and his hand trem bled as he laid it upon mine. ‘Here is tho house,’ I said, ‘andjyou will be able to judge for yourself.’ We wont in. At least tho bayonet went into tho room, trembling in every limb with the excitoment of seeing his son. But when he set eyes on him, tho poor old man was so startled that he could scarcely speak. His son saw him and tried to rise, but fol. back feebly into his oliair. ‘Dear father,' he murmured, stretching out a thin, trembling hand, ‘forgive ’ But tho father was on his knees by the chuir iu a moment, clasping his sou's head in his arms, and fondling him as he had done when tho man was a baby. ‘What havo Ito forgive. You must forgive me for boing so hard, my dear boy, and got better soon, Wilfred, my son, my sen!" 1 had come into the room; I could not help it, I was so interested and excited. But I saw that in tho young mun’s face which made my hoart gink into my bosom like lead. The young wife saw it too, and gave one, two, threo sharp scroums, as if a knife had been thrust in her side. Mr. Broadman saw it ; and quiotly kneeling down, cominendo 1 to God—as well as he could, for sobbing—tho soul of his servant departing this life. And I—well, why should I be ashamed to confess it? I knelt do mi too, and cried like a child; for tho young wan had died in his father's arm* at tho very moment of reconciliation. THE origin of munjr r.— attriK'**- 4 to Hpontane us combustion ** J those who h"> carefully investigate*! the general subject. Many instances have recently been made pub Ho which indicate plainiy in what way many “ mysterious” conflagrations may have origi nated. Not long ago a tire occurred at Mar shall, Michigan, in a store where drugs, medi cines, paints, oils, etc., were kept in large quantities. It chanocd that it was extinguished so thut investigation into the causes of it was possible. And it was evident that it origina ted in a box of shavings that had been satu rated with linseed-oil, turpentine, and theleuk age of barrels. The character of the com bustion was such that there seemed no reason to doubt the exciting cause. Rags used to oil machinery are a fruitful cause of fires ; when left in a heap, the interior will often become charred, and perhaps, after a while, will begin to smoke, and a slight current of air will fan it into a blaze. It is well known that Are will often oirginate in large quantities of bitu minous coal if it is wet. Many kind of dress goods are now charged with different substan ces to increase their weight, and some of these substances are exceedingly inflammable, and make the goods liable to spontaneous oombus tion. A few years ago a largo fire occurred in a warehouse in this city. At first tho fire seemed very mysterious, and the general im pression was that it must he the work of an incendiary. But a careful investigation proved it to be a case of spontaneous combustion, originating in a case of silk twist tightly packed, with two layers of thick paper and one layer of oil-cloth between tho case and the goods, thus entirely excluding tho air. The goods had evidently been packed while damp, and the intense heat of the weather made the conditions favorable for combos tion. Those who were skeptical in regard to this origin of the Are were entirely convinced when a fire broke out a second time, which was traced directly to another case of silk twist. Many kinds of goods when closely packed are exposed to spontaneous combus tion. Special care may well be taken in ware houses, factories, and in all places where the heat developed by some slow process of oxi dation is confined and compressed. In such cases a temperature may be reached which renders spontaneous combustion possible. When the Roman Catholic Church in this country undertakes to dictate the policy of tho Democratic party, it becomes the plain duty of every Democratic paper to stamp its ac tion with the seal of public condemnation, and give it to understand in terms not to be misunderstood, that the Democratic party has no sympathy with it, and that it will be the first to help crush out anything that tends to give RomanDh a step in advance of what has already been conceded. Our New Constitu tion wisely provides for a settlement of the Catholic school question, so far as Missouri is concerned. It says there shall be no division of the public school funds for sectarian schools* The colored parson of a Georgia church gave out a hymn which did not accord with any tune known to the congregation. An old old darkey in the corner rose up and aaid : ‘‘Parson, I’m pretty sartin I kin reech to both eends o' them varses." “Brudder Jones will raise de time and the old man gave out a series of shrieks to out rival a cahope with a drunken en gineer. “Hold up, brudder,’’ cried the frantic preacher, “de singing will be ad journed to do next meeting. YOL. 1. NO. 2. TTITOff and TTr.oiKs :il JlHCM'Tlltnmd' iwu in the South. Goon Pianos for to *275 ; Elkoant I’inuos for S3OO to Superb Pianos for $350 to $375, est Pianos for S4OO to $450. All on Terms, with from one to five years yment. New Pianos for rent until or. Mason [& Hamlin Organs. Styles. Better and cheaper than | New Cases. New Solo Stops. Bril jKffocts. The oni,y stbictly reliable is manufactured 1 Extremely Easy s for payment. e of Charge, Address BATES, SIC HOUSE, S-eorgia, HOES AND HATS. :erh& c;o. ■ Wholesale) Hat House \NAH. our usual Complete Stock. Orders YERS INNER & GO., i4i zioNu/ucss HtkeeT. THE INCITJIBITION. A Catholic papor, Le Monde, tho organ of tho Papal Nuncio in Pari*, suggests tho ro ealnblishinont of the Inquisition In tho fol lowing terms ; “ Tho Churob has tho right to resort to the employment of foroc, being in direct possess ions of socuiar power, mu ~ , , . vvro \ I 1 .1 I so byllahus (Art. XXIV.) condemned the opposu. iJoa j true, however, to say that it will not make any use of such procedure to oompol the conscien ces, for whenever the Churob does exercise such power, she does so only as to those who indorse such measures. The right thus to pun ish was confirmed by Jesus Cnrist, when he said : “If thy right hand offend thee, out it off, or if the right eye offond th©, pluok it out; for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, und not that thy whole body should be oust into hell.” We find Him with the scourge in His hands, driving tho money-changers out of the Temple, and Peter, the first Pontifox, beheld Ananias and his wife dying at his feet, because they had lied against the Holy Ghost. The Church can not refuse to use extornal force, except she deny her origin. Ignorance, however, may take offense at tho employment of such force, though before we are ready to make it out persecution, we should fully understand where and when the Church exercise such power. “ Our opponents do not nor will they kuow this limitation. The Church hus alwas refused to extend it to the unbelieving, for of what avail is force, compulsory, belief proving nothing. God not being willing that violence bo done to the conscience of men. I/aec po tettuH non data eat a ('hr into .* In this way tho church but proclaims her right over Christians, over such as, by baptism, have come within her jurisdiction. But every honor bestowed has its obligation—that of the Christian or that of tho Frenchman. By vir tue of his nationality, not of his own election, every man is bound to perform the duties im posed. And the Church, impurting baptism without waiting until the child develops his intelligence, cannot grant the benefit without its corresponding obligation. Such are the consequence© of thut right, which e\Jls down the curses of thoso on the Church who have nothing to fear from her. Its canonical form in a Christian state is the Inquisition. The Popes have established, and always main tained, this tribunal. Pius VI., to whom the choice was propounded by the directory, either to sacrifice his freedom or the Inquisi tion, sacrified the former. But what is the Inquisition? The Inquisition is not torture. Declaring the articles of faith, it is a tribunal which exercises its jurisdiction on all who, being Christians, have subscribed them, while the worst punishment it declares is ex ile and imprisonment. Tho State classifying heresy as a social crime, tho secular arm, as in the middle ages, is bound to go further, though torture and capital punishment never proceed from the Chureh, but were adminis tered by State law. This law may go too far. The Church has abnegated the cruelties of the Spanish Inquisition, passing the bounds of its authority. In short, it is a power which can be exercised only over those who have acknowledged it; a tribunal sitting in judg ment on the articles of faith, and is impotent to apply either torture or death. Such is the Inquisition. We repeat that but by means of moral force the Church exercises its influence over the conscience. Its outward necessary guaranty of puolic order in a Christian state never passes beyond the limits drawn by free dom. That power is never exercised as to the unbelieving. And as there are Christian States professing to be such, we ask the friends of general franchise : What sort of a right do you appeal to against a people who recognize the rights of the Churcn securing them respect? Is it tbe right of dissenters ? Is it the right of minorities ? Then con cede it whether in politics or religion.” •Christ never gave such power.