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A C ON G E O K U i A TELEGRAPH
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Tiic bright little Needle*
by woomvoKTir.
the gay belles of fashion may boast of excelling]
In waltz or cotilion—at whist or quadrille;
A n d s«ek admiration by vnuntingly telling
Of drawingand punting, and musical skill;
But give me the fair one, in country or city,
Whose homo and its duties are dear to her heart,
Who cheerful!v warbles some rustical ditty,
r While plying the needle with exquisite art,
The bright little needle—the swift little needle,
The ueedle directed by beauty and art.
If Love hnve a potent, a magical token,
A talisman, ever resistless and true—
A charm that is never evaded or broken,
A witchery certain, the heart to subdue—
'Tis this—and his armory never has furnished
So keen or unerring, or polished a dart
Let beauty direct it, so pointed and burnish’d,
And oh! it is certain of touching the heart.
Be wise, then, ye maidens, nor seek admiration.
By dressingmr conquest, and flirting with all;
You never, whate'erbe your fortune orstation,
Appear half so lovely at route or at ball,
As gaily convened at a worn-covered tabic.
Each cheerfully active and playing her part.
Beguiling the tusk with a song or n fable,
Ami plying the needle with exquisite art.
EzssxzanKNEwaB&aa
A young lady of high accomplishments, (and no
pridet) in absence of the servant, stepped to the door
on tho ringing of die hell, which announced a visit
from oneof he r admirer*. On entering, the beau,
glancing at the harp and piano, which stood in the n-
puriment, exclaimed, “I thought I heard music—on
which instrument were you performing, Miss I”
Fromth* Southern Literary Mtsscnetr.
DEAF SMITH.
There arc fewperson* who hnv- not heard of Deaf
Smith. Hp is one of the most daring of the many
brave men who will be remembered in the history of
the Texas revolution iu which reality has surpassed
the fiction of romance.
As Jack, or Billy or j| f . Smith, is next to
nounnie at all. the Harvey Birch of Texas, i* knnwu
by the simple soubriquet of Deaf Smith——his Chris
tian name (which I do net renienber to have heard)
being obsolete m speaking or writing of 'cue who
has rendered many signal services in the straggle lor
X exian independence and liberty■ He is,-I‘suppose
about forty-five years old, of very muscular, though
not robust proportions, a littie above the ordinary
height, with a face deeply bronzed by severe exposure
a calm and not very unusual countenance, except the
eye, which “in the settlements,” or in the social cir
cle, indicates by its keen, searching gianen, ;u*t e-
nough to give warning 01 the intrepidty and energies
of the spirit that .-lumber* within. He is a native of
the state of Mew York, and went to Texas about the
year 1822, in verv feeble health. His constitution
was soon renovated by the effect of a good climate
and active exercise. }ie married a Mexican woman,
by wtiom he has severe) children. He is a man of
limited, plain education. speaks tho Spanish lan
guage weli. is a close observer ef men aud things,
thoroughly acquainted with the manners and customs
01 the Mexicans, and with the topography of Tex
as.and the fortifiers. At the commencement ol’thc revo
lution, he resided in the town of San Antonio or Bex
ar on the Sau Antonio river, and about the period
of its capture by the Ab-xicalis removed his family to
Columbia, oil tho Brazos. He has been engaged,
and with distinguished coolness and courage in most
From'Lhc Washington Globe.
TO NICHOLAS BIDDLE—No. II-
* HOW 1 UE BUBBLE WAS BLOWS UT,
Sir: I have said that the present troubles of our
country are attributable, in a great degree, to your
mismanagement of the Bank* of the United StatK.
In the fall of 1830, the invincible opposition''‘Pres
ident Jackson to the recharter of your bank had be
come sufficiently apparent. Yoir war upon tJjat pur
est ol men will occupy a prominent place w nu histo
ry; but I shall content'myseli for the present with
noticing only those operation? which temfed to pro
duce disorder and disaster in the monetary affairs of
file country. 1 , .
In 1828, 1829, and 1330, the notes discounted,_ and
the domestic bills of exchange held by tho b*nk, vi
brated from about $38,00*1.000 to $43,001,000. In
November, 1830, they were $40,527,523- t . \ .
From November, 1830, to tyay,
i Orleans house, and again chargeone per cent, for ex
eighteen months, they were advanced to $70,428,070,
being Bn increase of $29,900,547, or over seventy per
cent”in eighteen mouths.
A* yours was the leading bank; the Stale banks al
ways followed its example; and it cannot be doubted
that an addition of sixty to seventy millions was made Biddies, the°Hermans, th? Josephs, the Phillipses, tl
that period- ^Barings, the Wilsons, Wildes, and Wtgkinses, sci
to tlie bank loans, of the country durinf _
This, of itself, was sufficient to producea high .degree
of overtrading and speculation.' ‘
You appear to have been a little llarmed at this
unprecedented extension .of your business; and as
you were notified that you Would becalted upon to
disgorge most of the public deposites vithin that year,
for the purpose of paying off the nat-mal debt, you
sent an agent to Europe clandestinely to negotiate,
with tlie public creditors, to prevent their coming for-
watd to receive payment, that von might retain the
— -* -i ■ -—■ -ei_ interference
... ! .h„j « 17 ■ , , . h n use of die public money.' lit this groa interfere
On | ofthe hard fighting that has, occurred in Tm**.J»P- to t | iwar , the purposes of the Government, that you
might profit by the use of its moneyyju succeeded.
. finger those instruments j ed to the line ol the army. He has the entire ennfi-
sootter or later, and I liave tins day commenced taking ! deuce of the President and Cabinet, and indeed of the
a course of lessons.” citizens of Texas, with authority to detail such men
tlie gridiron, sir, with llie accompaniment of the fry- peningalwnys to “drop tu,” as by chance just on the
ingpunl” replied she—"my mother is without help, | eve of battle, though be was never regularly attacli-
aud she says i must laarti to finger those instruments ed to the hue ol the army.
il lay yourscu open in me same sort o personal
iivonicnceas was iuflirted.on tlie old gcn’lm’n us
s the pig tail.* ‘iVlna did they do to linn V inquir-
ic fat buy, in a faltering voice. ‘I’m goin’ to tell
as irregular excursions, in which he is continually
engaged, require. On these excursions be is ac
companied by >oine twenty-five or th*rty picked men,
w ell equipped and amounted who are generally com
manded by M iSmith. Thus attended, he leads
these scorning parties far into the interior, rwonnoi-
tering the outposts of the enemy, stir prising teeir
pickets,capturing their expresses, and brings g to head
quarters the earliest and .most .anlbentice intelligence
of events in Mexico. Such a.man on such enterpris*
A REG’LAR FAT MAN.
‘I tell you what it is, young boa constrictor,’ said Mr.
Weller, impressively,'if you don’t sleep a little less,
and exercise a little-more, von you conies 'o be a man
you’ll lay yourself open to the same sort o' personal
H)C( t l!VOllicilCe na tv*»*i ■ 11 ll Is- t#><l A it fl»< nlri *» on'lm’ti tie
wore
ed the
you,’replied .Mr. Weller; 'lie was.one ofthe largest
patterns as was ever turned out; rog’lnr fat man, as es must have met .many n perilous risk, and shed
hadn't caught a glimpse of his own shoes for five and ! niiich blood: The history of what this man of die
forty years.’ ‘Lor!’ exclaimed Emma; ‘no, that be ] praire end the woods has seen and suffered, would
hadn’t my dear,’said Mr. Weller; ‘and if you'd put cast the fabulous heorism romance in the shade,
an exact model of his own legs on the dining table | Deaf Smith is a man of great modesty ar.d proprie-
ufure him, ho uquld’nt ha’ know ’em. Well, he al- j ty of deportment, and when he ran be prevailed onto
way s walks to his office with a wcry handsome gold narrate some of his adventures, ho does it as if be
watch chain hanging about a foot and a half, and a ] were not at all coueinus of the thrilling interest which
gold watch in bis fob pocket as was worth—l’nt afraid j they are calculated to excite Like thousand of oth-
tosay how much, but as much as a watch can be—a ■ ers, who.have been unjustly and ignorantly regarded
large heavy, round manufacturer, as stout fi»r a watch | as fighting for the spoil of conquest, he has staked his
as lie was for tl mail, with a face big in proportion.— I life lor liberty, against the oppression of a corrupt
Yotrd better qpt carry that ere watch, said tlie old j clergy and qn importent court. Like his comrades in
tight fit, says he, and venever I wants to know what’s
o’clock, I'm obliged to stare into the baker's shops,
he says. Weil then, he laughs as hearty as if lie was
agoing to pieces, and outlie walks again with his pow
dered lu-ad aud pigtail, and rolls down the Strand
with the chain bangin' out funder than ever, and the
great round watch burs tin’ through his great kerrey
smalls.
There warn” a pick-pocket in all London as did'ut
take a pull at that chain, bnttlic chain 'ud never break
and Ilia watch 'ud never come out, so they soon got
tired o’ dragging such a heavy old geuTm’u along tlie
pavement, and he’d go home and.luugh fill the old pig
tail wibrated like tlie pendulum of a Dutch clock.
At last, one day as the old gojiTm’n was a rollin’along
and he sees a pickpocket as lie kuow'd by sight, a
coinin’ tip, arm in arm with .a little boy with a wery
large head. Here’s game, says the old gen’l’m’n to
himself, fiiey’te a gout’ to have another try, but it
won’t do. So he begins a chucklin' wety hearty, ven
ull of .n sudden, the little boy leaves hold of the pick
pocket’s arm, and rushes headforemost straight into
the old getiTui’n's stomach, and for u moment doub
led hint right up with the paiu- Murder, says the old
genTiu’n. All right, sir, says tlie pickpocket, a whis
perin’ in his ear. And ven lie come straight again,
the watch and chain were gone, and what’s worse than
that, the old gen’I’ninn’s • digestion was all wrong ever
ufterwards to tlie wery last day ofliis life. So just you
look about you, young feller, and take care that y ou
don’t get too fat.—Pickwick papers.
The Hundred Largest Cities in the World.—A recent
German publication gives the following curious calcu
lation respecting the hundred most populous cities in
the world.—There are Jcddo, in Japan, 1,630,000
inhabitants; I'ekin, 1,500,000; London, 1,300,000;
Halts lichen. 1, 100,000; Caicutti, 000,000; Madras.
817,000; M'nnkin. 800,000; Congo Iselien, 800,000;
1’aris 717,00(i; Worst Chans COO,000; Constantinople
597,000;, Benares 530,000: Kio 520,000; Su Iselien,
500,000 iluinigh Iselien, 500,000; &c. The fortieth
in the list is Berlin, containing 193,000; and the last
Bristol, 87,000. Among the hundred cities, two con
tain n million aud n half, two upwards nfa million,
nine from half a million to a million, twenty-three
from two thousand to five hundred thousand; fifty-six
from one hundred thousand .to two hundred thousand,
and six from eighty seven thousand to one hundred
thousand. Of these one hundred pities, fifty eight arc-
in Asia ami thirty-two in Europe, ofwhich four are in
Germany, fonr in Fmncc. five in Italy, eight in En
gland. and three in Spnin;tlic remaining ten tire
divided hetweeu Africa and America.—Phil. Mirror.
dollar in their pockets, ora ration in their knapsacks
Deaf Smith hears the charac'er of a frank open-
hearied, honest anu humane man—for humanity is a
virtue net uukuowii in the camp—the best soldier is
he .who can and does feel of the suffering, which duty
compels him to inflect, lie is very deaf, and hence
his name \\ lieu asked one day, if he did not find
much inconvenience from this defect, when on his
campaigns, lie answered—“No, l sometimes think it
is an advantage—I have learned to keep a-hat per look
•out—and 1 am never disturbed by the* whisiing of a
hall—I don’t hear the hark\till 1 tecl the bite.”
Deaf Smith had just returned from one ofjjis incur
sions on the Rio Grande, when lsaw him. lie-brought
hack tinny horses, aud some valuable information, us
to the bungling movements of the inert .Mexicans,
ami tarried just long enough to greet his family, and
refit his party, before he sat out on another expedition
Several friends, wh' had gone from the Uuiied States
to see the youiig republic, joitted hiut. They could
not have found a better pioneer. As tlie party took
leave of us, aud moved off in fine cheer, I was struck
by their appearance, and we .mutually wondered if
they would be recognised at home in they present
caparison. Each was mounted oil a mustang, (Deaf
Smith’s horse bore evident marks o: superior breed
ing:) with a Mexican saddle, consisting of the hare
tree with a blanket or great coat girted over it, Mex
ican spurs the shank about from one to two or three
inches long—bridles of ponderous and very rank hits
—a Mexican gourd* swung from the saddle bow—
holsters—pair of pistols and tiowie knife in the belt,
a riflleon the shoulder—a tuac’iitaw hl inket rolled
up encroitpe—a cabarrus. or rope of hair around the
horse’-neck, with which the annual is hobbled while
he grazes at night—a .sampler untie, either following,
or driven ahead, laden with supplies of salts, sugar li
quor , a small camp equipage,, cooking implements.
&e. Ac. for the campaign
*The Maxican gourd is a sort of natural Lottie—
growittg in the .most convenient possible shape for the
traveller’s purposes. It is h.rge ateacb end, and com
pressed in the middle so as to hold u grea- deal, and to
b? easily handled or hung to the saddle.
Billiard Bails.—As all billiard halls are made of
ivory, and as. in every mass of thatsubstince, fiture
are always some parts more solid than others, there is
not a single hall, perhaps, which has die centrc.of
gravity exactly in the centre of the figure.
account, every hall deviates more
in which it is propelled, when
inuuicated to it, in order to my
the other side of the billiard table, unless itshoitJd.hnp
pen that the heaviest part is pit ccd at the top or
bottom. An eminent maker of these halls declares
that lie has never been able to find onch-ill perfectly
free from (he finlt now described, lleuce itis that
when a player strikes the b ill gently, he often imagines
that he has struck it, that is, played badly, while his
want of sitcccs is entirely the consequent: of this fault
in tlie ball. A good billiard player, before lie engages
to play, ought carefully to try. the ball, in order to
discover the heaviest uttd lightest parts.—Condor. pa
per.
Kingcraft.—By an apparently trifling art of policy,
Louis Philippe is said to have secured the favor of the
populace during tlie three days, lie caused to be
placet] in a conspicuous situation in the Palais Royal
an attractive print, in which lie was represented as a
.schoolmaster husiiy occupied with his scholars; the
bait wits swallowed. ‘-Voila,” said the gaping crowd,
‘■he.ru is the very, man wr waul; here is one of ourselves
a man of the people, not ashamed to acknowledge
fiiat he made Ins bread by honest industry, in place of
living on onr pockets. This is the man we will have
to reign over us! vivo Louis Philippe!”
Nevertheless, by tlie 1st of January, 1833, you had.re
duced your discounts and exchanges to $61,695-913,
being a curtailment fi;om the preceding May of $8,-
733,157. In common times, this would have opera
ted with great severity; but the public prosperity, and
a generally expanding credit system in Europe as well
as America, caused it to he unlek.
lu August 1833, tlie first decisive movement was
made itt reference to tlie removal of the deposites.—
Yqur extension was $6-1,160,340, the public deposites
were $7,593,841, and you had $10,023,677 of specs
iu your vaults. You commenced forthwith a eurtal-
ment of your accommodations to file community,
which .continued, with some intermission, until No
vember, 1831, when they wete $45,754,30.1, yoir
public deposites about $2,000,000, and your specie *n
hand $15,910,045. Here was a curtailment of $W,-
406,139, iu fourteen months! This operation, in cro-
junctiou with the panic excited .by speeches in Cin-
‘ gross, public meetings, newspapers in the inteiestof
the bank, and hired runners to.get up .memorials, ui-
doubtcdly compelled all the State banks, except lie
few which were strengthened by file public deposits-*,
to curtail in about as great a proportion. Upon tiis
estimate, these banks tpust have curtailed upward! of
$54,000,000. from which deduqt the Extension of he
deposite banks, and it would show a iiettcurtailmsnt
of the 3ta elim« ex see li’tg $11,090,000 knowi to
have been withdrawn by.the Bank ofthe United Strtcs
will show file amount of bank accommodations with
drawn front the community during the panic, to hive
exceeded $62,000,000. That they approached :hat
sum is undoubted.
The inevitable consequences followed—utter de
rangements in the business of the country—fite bank
ruptcy of numerous individuals—and the stoppage of
several banks.
What .was your policy then? Another sudden ex
pansion. As we have seen, your loans and domestic
exchange, in November, 1834, were $45,754,201. In
July, 1835, they were $65,197,092, being and increase
of $18,443,491, in eight months! At the •alter dale
your bank was $1,037,352 more extended than it was
August. 1833, before your first curtailment in .antici
pation of the removal of the deposites!!
Titis tinprecented extension by your haul* neces
sarily opened the floodgates of credit on fite country.
The denosite hanks, strengthened by an accumulating
surplus of public money, made enormous extensions.'
The other State banks iiaturaliy followed fite exam
ple you had ret them. As always happens, when
credit is most unrestricted, and money most abundant,
there wt-.s a general cry for more banking capital, and
new batiks sprung up in every direction to increase
the swelling tide. . .
Front actual returns, and satisfactory estimates, it is
believed that from November, 1834, to July, 1836, fite
banks credits, or accommodations of tlie country, were
extended upwards of three millions m of fdidlis!
This, sir, was your work. It was the natural effect
of the operations of the Bank of fite United States
under your mismanagement. The whole country
now knows that your curtnlments in 1833-4, preten- |
ded tp have been forced on you by the removal of the
deposites, were wholly unnecessary. You began them
wi ih ten millions of specie on hand, and ended with
fifteen ! You began them upon an extension of sizty-
Jice millions!
Your contraction and subsequent expansion opear-
ated in various ways to swell the credit bubble. By
your needless coi;tniction, you raised the value of the
currency, and produced an importation of spe
cie. Credit lias been claimed for the adininistra-
ticn.fiir the increase of. specie in the country by one
party, and blame has been heaped upon it by the oth
er. An fact, it merited neither praise nor censure, ex
cept in relation to the specie imported on account of
fite foreign indemnities. All tlie rest was yonr work;
yon made tlie credit currency of the Litited States
uiqrc valuable than that of England, w;uere there was
no panic or convulsion, aud thereby affected the rela
tive value of specie in the two countries which for
med the basis of their credit currencies. The natural
consequence was, as fite paper could not he exported,
that the specie of England flowed into the United
States to restore the equilibrium which your war <pt
the administration has destroyed.
This influx of specie had a serious influence upon
the subsequent exp losion. ,lt strengthened the banks,
and emboldened tliqm to increase their loans and pa-
I change. This operation is repeated six jimes in
year, by which means the bank makes 12 per cent, in
stead of 6, on a transaction which is atlast nothing but
a loan. In this profitable business the other hanks
followed your example; and fite quantity of this kind
of paper drawn and negotiated vyifitin the last t\vo
years'- of overtrading and speculation, is beyond cal
culation. _
This mischief extended across the water, and ttiftc-
'led (he bankers of England. You had made the dis
covery, or derived the idea from some other source,
that the China trade might be carried on without tnon-
ey, by bills of exchange on England, To the China
merchants, you'tlierefore loaned such bills drawn on
your European bankers, charging interest and ex-
chauge, without being under fite necessity of advan
cing a dollar to meet them for the best part of a year.
The same idea was soon cairied to a great extent,
through fite trade of fite four quarters of fite world.
In this, also, there was little harm, so long as the op
erations were based upon a bona fide trade. But it was
perceived that this species of paper also might be used
fo creole a fictitious capital, and the kite bills commen
ced their flight accross the ocean. Your- bank, the
. the
sent
out such a flight of these kites, foreign aud domestic
that the profits of fite wuole Uuited States and United
Kingdom, for years, would scarcely Jbe sufficient to
redeem them. • It was these which gave the finish to
the great bubble, the most splendid-that was every
blown by pigmy or giont.
Unfortunately for the clasarwlro depend on labor for
subsistence, there were many realities buoyed up in
this unsubstantial balloon. , One of the natural effects
of over-trailing is over-production in those branches of
industry which furqish objects for speculation. When
cotton is bought at high prices on speculation, it stim
ulates tl\e planters to enlarge their crops. When
manufactured goods are passing from speculator to
speculator, instead of going directly to fite consumer,
fite manufacturer is stimulated to enlarge his estab
lishment, and increase his production to meet the ap
parent demand. Thus, a vast amount of bags of cot
ton manufactured articles, enough perhaps for ayeair’s
supply, floated in the creJit bubble which lately daz
zled fite eyes of half mankind. They are now among
its ruins,and mustgoto the consumer;and the humble
producer must be idle aud starve until this surplus has
disappeared. JEFFERfeON
From the Dayton ( 0.) Democratic Heruld.
It is an indisputable fact, that the great effort of the
democratic party, as a party, has been to introduc
into daily circulatiou cold and silver sufficient for
the ordinary and common purposes of life, leaving
paper to he employed in .the dealings of an extensive
commerce only. Now we assett nothing without
proof, and only ask every cilizen to compare for him
self the amount of gojd and silver now in the country
with the quantity in it only three years ago. There
is at this moment more gold and silver in the
COUNTRY THAN THERE WAS SPECIE AND IBANK NOTES
together in 1834. The amount then estimated to be
in the country, was about eighty-eight millions—it is
estimated that the specie now iu the country amounts
to about ninety millions.' It must be recollected
however, that the banks have about one-half of this in
their vaults, inaccessible to the reach of the vulgar
hands of the people, and oidy to be gazqd on and Used
by the “moneyed aristocracy” of the land. Who
do not know that for the introduction ofsuch a large
amount of specie in the country, and the effort still to
increase it, fite democratic party has been constantly
scoffed at and jeered by the opposition—your real,
genuine bank or credt system party ?
Jt is an indisputable fact, and the public records
ofthe State will show it, that even when the democrats
have had a majority iu our Legislature, the whig party
have gone far ahead of fite democrats in voting for
banks, and bank chartert have been granted on their
solicitation and influence. This has been proved in
some forjn«r numbers of the Herald by giving the
votes.
It is an indisputable fact, and the records of the
State will show it, that the whig party have always
voted against measures calculated to renaer the banks
more responsible to fite people and the holders of their
notes, for their integrity and fair dealing. Proposi
tions to subject the charters of hanks to the absolute
control of the Legislature, propositions to make the
directois of banks responsible in their privateproperty
tor fair dealing on file part of fite banks, propositions
to make the stockholders liable in their private prop
erty to the amount of stock by them owned and sub
scribed ; propositions like the above have always been
voted against by the whig party in the Legislature of
Ohio.
A substantial house in Germany Intely Jtecnmu sud-
dimly old aud,shuok ns if uodcr the influence uf an
earthquake. The phenomenon excited the astonish
ment of the learned, until a chambermaid explained
the cause by saying that the building had taken a se
vere cold, oil nccuut ofthe removal of fite carpels from
the floors on a cold, misty day.
est contact or conception of evi', and waits upt to re
quire, what will the world say I”
Imports and exports of specie at tlie port of New
York from tiic 10th to the 15th July:
Imports $111,577
Kt^surU* J 25,545
Sptrit.—The tendency on the stock exchange is the
same as for some dnys past. Stocks rise and iqieci:
declines.—Journal of Commerce.
The money sunk on board the steamer Ben Sher
rod, in the Misssisippi, is described by a wag, as car
rot ? money, and literally "case down.”
(Quercitron Hark.—In answer to the inquiry
nf a correspondent from Kentucky, of the Editor
of IlickucM's Reporter, of'Piiiladeliihia, as to
what specie* of Oak this Bark is obtained from
Itow it is prepared, ivliat use is made of it, &c.
it is stated that Quercitron, is the Black Oak
Jlark\ that, il is prepared by shaving off the out
er bark, grinding the inner bark, drying, aud
packing it iu hogsheads. It is tt-jed almost exclu
sively for dyeing, and is aold largely iu Philadel
phia aud New York, from $30 to $40 per tou of
2,210 lbs. It i* packed iu casks larger than a
whiskey hogshead, each of which contains about
]5 cwt. The distinction ityquality consists in its
dogroo of clearness and brightness of color. It is
inspected before'sale.*—Dr. Bancroft first discov
ered the useful properties of this bark, and ob
tained a patent fur his inveutiou in the yoar
1773—Journal of Am. Institute.
American silk Worm.—.Mr, C. F. Durant, nf
Jersey citj, ha* discovered that this country lias
its unlive $ilk Worm a*-well as tho old woild,
that spins as fiue and soft a material i.s tin- itit
purred. The cocoon is much kwgcr. yielding
abut-1 40 per cent, more than the Eurnpenu
worm. They are coyered with n kind of shell of
compact and hardened silk, which seems to re
quire moisture and .warmth ‘o effect the process
of hatching. Mri, D. is endeavouring to remedy
this difficulty- The itatchiug being much later
than the foreign worm, it is .supposed that a se-
coud crop may be obtained in the. sapio eocooury
Aitotner advantage in favor of tho native worm
is, it will feed on our native trees.which put out
earlier than the mulberry.
Penny Royal.—Farmers might easily save
the flesh of horses nuil i-otvs, and coufcr great
kiudness on their animals, in preventing the usual
annoyance of flics, by simply washing the parts
with the extract of peuoyroyal. Flies will not
alight a moment on the spot to which this has
been applied.—Every ntan who is compassion
ate to his beast, ought »o know this simple reme
dy, and every livery stable and couutry inn-
ought to have a supply on banJ. for travellers
Avoid the mau who says tho wot Id owes him
n living.
”My dear,” said a lady to a little gwb what is
tho matter with your mother ?•' “She’s got the
rebellious fever, ma’tn,,, A somewhat common
disorder.
Antiseptic property of honey.—The ancients
do>
used sometimes to p ut dead bodies in honey, in
order to preserve them from putrefaction. Ac-
coiding to Statius, the body of Alexauder the
Great was so deposited, liouev was also poured
upou Tyrian (Hirple to keep it fresh ; and some
that had been thus preserved uuimpared for 200
years, was found at Sus-i by Alexander the great
The best mode of conveying grafts of trees, cut-
t'ligs of vines. &c. at a distance, is to place
them in a tin case or ryliuder filled with honey.
The honey hermetically excludes the air, aud
cuttings so preserved .'will, vegetate many
months after they faave been packed
Irish Wit.*—A gentleman wishing to know the
price of coal, and observing an Irishman stand
ing near a load, of which he took him to be the
owner, enquired—bow is coal now”—“black as
ever, your houor,” was the ready reply.
hi*
A well bred man now-a-days conceals
love for rclrei on-as carefully as he doss his Jovo
. for bis wife.
increase of specie and the extension of tlio batiks,
after tlie close of the panic, soon made money uutt-
snally abundant and sasy to be obtained, rite con
sequence was an unnsu.tl amount ot merchandise
purchased abroad, both for cash and credit, and
brought into tlie United States. This produced a
nominal balance of trade against die Linted Suites,,
amounting to $68,000,000, a ltd a real balance of about
$3,000,0(10. Another consequence was, an increase
of the surplus revenue, and‘consequently an increase
of the amount deposited in tlie banks. 'Ilte deposi-
tes are treated by banks ns a part of their capital, nnd
are mode the basis of additional loans. : The increase
of the public deposites, therefore, encouraged die de
posite ban|pi ta a greater extension of their loans, in
which operation they were folfowedjby the other banks.
Unfortunately, speculation turned upon the public
lands, and the safes became enormous. I.very-dollar
paid for them went to swell the public deposites in the
banks, and became the basis of new loan*. Or.e spec
ulation thus provided means for.another, and the ex
tension of the deposite. banks, and the increase of the
defiosites, proceeded together reciprocally acting and
reacting the one upon fite other. In these modes the
accumulation of nearly forty millions of public mon
ey in the banks, bersroe largely instrumental iu swel
ling the credit bubble.
These causes alone would have been sufficient to
ptoducc a catastrophe. But added to them was the
modern improvements in financiering, introduced by
yon and the money-lord* of Europe. You discovered
many years ago, that the domestic exchanges of the
country could be carried on v. ithoitt any real capital
at all. At y.-ur branches in New Orleans, Natchez,
Nashville, St. Louis, and other places, you bought
bills drawn on produce exported, and payable at New
Orleans nnd New York at 60 or 90 days, paying for
them in bank notes. Those notes being receivable
for all public dues, after performing tlie office pfa cir
culating medium in the interior,.gradually found their
way to New York, the point where most of fite pub
lic duos were paid. But before their arrival, the bills
of exchange which bad been purennsed with them,
had arrived and been paid; thus furnishing the means
to redeem them. In this operation your bank made
the interest, and one or two percent, called exchange,
without using a dollar of its eapitol.
No harm,was done in this oporiition, so Jong as it
. was confined to its legitimate -objects, and the bills
.purchased were drawn on produce actually exported,
except that the rate of exchange ought not to have
exceeded one-half per cont. and the transaction would
have been profitable without any charge whatsover.
But us here was a mode by winch usurious interest
could be obtained, you began to purchase bills known
to bedrown without any exportation of produce, but
as a mere means of raising money, and intended to.
be |«id by redrafts. Thus, a house in New York and
another in New Orleans reciprocally draw on caoh.
other. You discount a bill of the New Orleans bouse
on tlie New York house at sixty days, and charge one
percent- exchange. To meet tit is bill when due, you
discount a bill «f the New York house on the New
From the Standard of Union.
INDIAN TESTIMONY!—MR. GILMER’S MES
SAGE.
There is no subject affect ng the lives and proper
ty of the people ol Georgia, upon which the public
voice is more nnauintous and decided, than that of
allowing Indians to be witnesses against white men.
The known ignorattce of the savage, of all those sa
cred obligations “which bind man to the throne of eter
nal justice,” coupled with his long cherished and deep
routed hatred pf the white man, induced our legisla
tors in 1S'29. to enact a provision, declaring that no
Indians or deceudnnt of an Indian should bn a com
petent witness in the Courts of this State, ill cases
where white men were parties, and no act of the
Legislature, ofGeorgia, has ever been more decidedly
and generally approbated by the people.
The act referred to, was passed in the early part of
.Mr. Gilmer’s administration, and received his official
assent, as Chief Magistrutic of the State; nor could he
have misunderstood the public sentiment, at that time
so freely expressed in its favor. But with all these
lights before him,'within less than one short year af
ter its passage, Govornor Gilmer, in liis Annual Mes
sage to the Legislature, iu November 1630, demand
ed its repeal, aud urged file Legislature to pass a law,
to ptake Indians competent witnesses in our Courts,
against his follow citizens. •
But as we make uo charge against the conduct of
public men, which wo cannot sustain by evidence,
we copy that portion of Governor Gilmer’s Message,
which relates to the subject under consideration, with
a reference to the Journals of the -Senate and House
of Representatives t to enable those, who are so dis
posed..to read it front the "BOOK.”
ylt is due to OUR INDIAN PEOPLE, that that
provision ofthe law of eighteen hundred and twenty-
nine, should he REPEALED, which prevents IN
DIANS, and the descendants, of Indians, from being
competent WITNESSES in the Cpptts of the State,
ill cases whefe a WHITE .MAN is a party- The
present* law. exposes them, to GREAT OPPRES
SION. whilst its repeal would probably injure no
one.”’Mr. Gilmers Message Nov. 1830. See Journal
of fite’Senaie, for 18' ( 0, page 14, arid Journal ofthe
llonse of Representatives of the same year, page 15.
Whatcoiiimentaiy shall wo make upon this disting
uished act of Mr. Gilmer’s administration ? or rather,
by what sort oflegerdentain will his friends attempt to
shield hint from the reprehension of an.indigtiampeo
pie 1
The.assertion that Mr. Gilmer had made to the
Legislature, a proposition so hositilc- to the feelings
and interests of.the people, has been repeatedly made
ysd as often deuied, but it is our buisness to fix it upon
him, as. we have done, by giving it to the public iu
his owirtyords, and by reforing them to . the records
ofthe S'tate^iprevidence of its truth. It ttow stands
upon a foundation which cannot be shaken, and the
R artizan who shall lie reckless enough to deny that
Ir.‘ Gilmer. was in favor of clothing the Indians
wifit power tosnear away the lives and property of
hitr people,' must do so in very face o* the highest
testimony to the contrary.
Tlie savage is sufficiently armed, with the Rifle—
the Tomahawk, and Scalping knife. With these in
strumetits of death in hishands, lie Ita3 spared neither
age, sek, or condition, and yet Mr. Gilmer would
clothe him with a power scarcely less potent, in ex
ecuting his works of vengeance upon the white man
—He would hold out to the being, who “knows not
the God of revelation.” and who knows not, and heeds
not,the divine injt notion, ” Thou shall not barefaltewit
n-ss against their neighbor,” the strongest temptation
“to pollute the Gospel, and dip the Evangelists in
blood.”
If “our Indians,” are to be made competent witness
es in pur Courts, will Mr, .Gilmer, point out 1 what
Ornt of an oath he would prescribe for them ? Would
he.swear them upon the holy scriptures?.They know
nbihitig of the divine truths, they inculcate, and are
equally ignorant of the rewards which they offer to
those who obey their .injunctions, or the punishments
they denounce ag^in.*) all who' violate their command
ments. As well iqightsyou -swear them upon Paine’s
Age of Reason, or 1 the Arabian Knight* Entertain-
nteqtSi because fftey know nothing ofnhe one or the
other; and if they- must bn sworn, swear them upon
the “SCALPING KNlFE.” “the proper symbol of
their profession.”
■The “innumerable fraud” so fearfully apprehended
bj hint from the Lottery system, would sink into insig
nificance, in comparrison with the numberless petju-
ries to which his measure ol Indian- testimony would
'have inevitably led.
We appeal to the people ofthe Cher okee circu it
to the people who know tlie degarded character of the
Indians—their total disregard ofhonesty and truth.—
We ask them, what would have been their condition,
if the advice of Mr. Gilmer had proviled? The an
swer is easily given. No man would have been safe
in the enjoyments of his life or his property.
MR. GILMER.
The position this gentleman occupies towaids the
people, renders it important that his views on all ques
tions should be made known to them.
* In 1834 among other opinions expressed by him,
he declared on the floor of Congress, and in face of the
country," that he considered the project of making
the currency of the country, altogether a hard money
currency to be utterly visionary and “if practicable,
not to be desired”—Mr G.on sam- Occasion decided
“that the opinion which he had then expressed were
not those of yesterday—they were fite settled convic
tions of his mind.”
It then is “the settled conviction of Mr. G’s mind
that a hard money currency is not to be desired, v Now
we are among, those who believe that Uie nearer we
can approach to a jiard money currency the
better for the country, the better for the people,
not the better for Bank Directors, Brokers Stock Job
bers “et id omne genus” hut better fat better, to the
a le who have, Ond wish'to have naught to do w ith
ers, money changers and speculators. We may
have occasion to speak of Mr. Gilmer hereafter, and
}f so, as our old friend of the Staudard of Union says,
•shall talk to him like a hook.,’—Geor.
“ FIRST CAST THE BEAM OUT OF TIJINE
OWN EYE.’.’ > ’
The anti-Van Bureu prints as some of the Nullifiers
call themselves at present, .ire making a particular
glorification over the defeat of Mr. INGERSOLL of
Philadelphia, in the late election for a member of
Congress, and have pompously announced tho result
as a great Whig triumph.
They have also'blazoned the name of Mr- .Ingersoll
as a tory, in the hope of bringing disgrace upon the
Union party; and who was his competitor? We shall
see at the next Session of Congress what course lie
will take upon the ABOLITION question.
If Mr. Ingersoll did otice admit, that had lie been a
man in fite days of the Revolution, he would have
been a tory, does it make him worse—or half so bad
as an ABOLITIONIST now! No Then let us see
how fite account stands. The Whigs attempt to
scandalize the Democrats because a single individual
of their party might, in a certain state ofthin'gs, have
. Iveen a Tory, while we fin-I in the rattks ofthe Whig
l))arl_v, or anti-Van Buren, is they call thetnSclves, the
main body of the ABOLITIONIST.
^Arthur Tappan is an anti-Van Buren Whig—He is
an ABOLITIONIST.
Abbot Lawrence, member of Congress from Boston
‘‘double grit” anti-Van Buren Whig .-He is an ABO
LITIONIST.
Mr. Grangor, late candidate for the Vice Presidency
—anti-Van Buren to the core, a Whig-died-in-ihe
wool, is distinguished for his zeal in the cause of AB
OLITION.
The notorious Slade of Vermont, who has b een an
noying Congress \vith his free nigger” petitions, for
two or three years past, hates Mr. Van Buren “as the
devil does holy water.” He too is a Whig and an AB
OLITIONIST.
We could go on day by day, in enumerating those
detested miscreants, who oppose Mr. Van Buren, and
act with the Whig party but we have shown enough
to set off against Mr. Ingersoll and claim a large bal
ance.—Standard of Union '
administrattan ofGencral Jackson has aanmMtP
onr relation^? Our late controversy wttkt^
IS ntwi time- -v-tlto ivflit'll LnU J » - “ Ftl*
Ig spirit ot commerce i*
Europeans have heretofore, unfairly anddisn*
attributed to Americans. To this controrp ft
author alludes in the following extract.
returned to Cairo'a voyage up the Nile. ■
“Hoping to receive letters from home I
mediately to the American consul, (Mr Gjdd tl8 ^
in this country.) and wa* disappointed-th- 06 '**
no letters, but thero was other and interest/* ***
for me; and as an American, identified with th^i** 1
of my country,I was congratulated there, thon*
miles from home, upon die expected speedy,!^
orable termination of our difficulties with pi. ^
English
London pa.
vessel had arrived at Alexandria, brin’ ^
paper containing tlie President's
last JJe-
goverament, its acceptance by France, and a**
eral inipressiott that the quarrel might be con//*
settled, and the money paid. A matt mustt!7*
and far from home to feel how dearly he h **!
country—for his eyes to brighten and bis heart to l?
when he hears her praises from the li|>9 gf«aj
and when the paper was given me, with colter'" 1 '
tions and compfiineutson the successful and ho^
issue of the affair with France, my feeling*
prouder and prouder, as I read, until when ly?
tshed the last line, I threw up my cap in th»o'^
of Cano, and shouted the old ganerin? erv
for Jackson.”—Globe. 8
What a tremendous cry is made by the alias r-
becausc 10,000 men in Pennsylvania “are prepj ■?
defend the country from the attempt of pobtjJ|
cendiaries.” They wCre mute when a *
20,000 Whigs were to be sent to Washington?*
New York fo putthings to rigts, “mum” was tip
, . —. . -wasthewtr
With that portion of it in this state, who - '
loudest, when seven and twenty thousand men
enrolled in a neighboring State prepared forresijJi*
to the Government ofthe Uqiou.—ih '
Mr. Walker.—A late number of fite
THE APPROACHING CONTEST IN OCTOBER
Let the advocates of tlie Union be wide awake!
Their opponents vvould have them believe that the
reasons which called .forth their activity in time* past,
no longer exist. There is nothing to Nullify! tlie
question is not Nullification or Union! Their is no
controversy calling for this sovereign remedy! These
are mere clap traps—electioneering figures of speech
made with' a view to deceive. Wlmt said the Hon.
William 'Law in-his address to the State Rights party
ofChathair County, on the 4th ofjuly, 1835? “Impor
tant and distracting controversies have arisen and
while the' immediate provoking causes have been
happily for the time adjusted are gradually tiassing
away the question or principal remains unsettled and is
still agitating the public mind.” True, it is at this mo
ment as well as it was iu 1835, “the question or princi
ple remains unsettled” It is involved in the approach
ing election, and Union men will take care that they
have u hand in the settlement of that important, ques
tion. Perish the Union man, who permits personal
consideration or individual antipathies, to prevent the
record of his vote in favor of Union.-—Sac. Geo. ’
says:—“We have seen it stated in several of tlie
presses, that Air. Walker is opposed to the admit^V
tion, and in favor of a national bank.
... . The stoa«,
fabrication in every particular. It iaone of those'*!-
slanders which are promulgated for political eft-
and with which'-fiteir journals are at this time '
rife. Mr. Walker is an ardent supporter of tie»
ministration, and a determined opponent ofa
bank. He is not a niun to temporize, or disen t
political‘friends for the ranks of the enemy. Hn
now on a visi t to Texas, where he has been Rare-
received, and hofioreu with a public dinner, aodevei
demonstration of respect from that brave and chi -'
rous people.”
MR. WEBSTER.
The whigs of Buffalo appear to have iturodcttj
Mr. Webster into their city in company riiihtfc
wild beast of a travling menagerie ! The con-
cidence of the various eleuieuts of the cavalcas
must have been peculiarly stfikiug—partitula.-.
ly the Boston Brass Band! The following p J;j .
graph oil iho subject'is from a whig paper:
. T’The arrival of the Boston Bras* Basi
attached to the menagerie of Messrs. Weld,
Macornber and Co. was fm.st opportune, as the
enlivening si rains hud imposing array adder
much to the lout ensemble of the escort."—dlik
A MISTAKE CORRECTED.
We find in fite Georgia Journal ofthe 18th last . an
editorial article, stating that there arc “irreconci-
leabie points ofdifference now existing between the
Commissioners” appointed under the late Treaty with
the Cherokerss; and more than intitiiat-ng these dif
ferettces are retarding their emigration. This as
sertion is untrue. We have made inquiry as to the facts
aud are assiteJ upon unquestionable authority, that
no foundation of the insidious misrepresentations
of the Journal exists. So far from there being any
delay in the executiou ofthe Treaty, the Commission
ers have performed an almost incredible amount of la
bor,' in fulfilment of its provisions. We are iuformed
that they have already investigated, decided mi, and
recorded their decision, in upwards of five thousand
cases, among which were many of a difficult and
complicated character, requiring great labor in order
to their fulluiiderstanding. fliev also, during the
same time, discharged various other -duties cou-
fided to them by the Goveri.inet, upon which
even nmrelabor has been employed than upou the
whole of fite claims which they have disposed of—
And we are further assured, that not a single case is
now before them; which from its nature, and the cir
cumstances attending it, could have been decided,
that has not already received sueh decision. So in
cessantly, have they labored, that mu<3i the greater
part of thei>• business has been gone through with—
that which remains to be done, is comparatively of
small magnitude. ’•
That there has been the slightest w ant of harmony
between the Commissioners, of a nature lending to
impede the Treaty, we learn is wholly false; and the
public tnay rest assured that all such' statements and
i.ismations are designed to mislead -them. It would
be very u ns us I if, in the settlements of so iqnny cases,
there should never have been any difference of opin
ion between the Commissioners but in no'inslance
has such difference had the slightest bearing ot in
flueitce upon the removal ]of the Cherokees.
That there will be trouble and difflcnlity with the
Cherokee ilndians, before they are finallyremoved to
the Wesl, : is very probable. The malign influence of
John Ross, backed by the opponents ofthe Admistra-
tion, is yet powerful enough to contra a large portion
ofthe Indians; but that these difficulties or evils will
be justly chn geable to tlie ^United States, Commiss
ioners, or the friends of emigration, cannot be admit
ted. One of these Commissioners at least, has
been too long known as the champion of Indian re
moral—he has mode' too many sacrifices to accom
plish this object, to be charged at this late day,
with retarding the exectitiou of the late Treaty.—
We know him aQd his anxiety to effect this great
work, too well to credit such au idea for a moment r
and the peopleof Georgia of-all parties will discoun
tenance the slander.—If the “Punch Parly” can keep
fiteir skirts clear of this din.it is more titan we expect;
for should trouble ensue in the filial removal of the
Indians, fiteir opposition to theTrea'ty-uid to Indian
emigration, will nave been one of the moving causes.
I*. S. We understand that the fees of the Indian
Counsel have been settled—perhaps the Jotunal’s sug
gestion that another Commissioner should be appoin
ted, may therefore be inappropriate, even in the opin
ion of that print.—Alliens Banntr.
A story has been trnvliug the rounds ofth
whig newspapers, - pd fouud it- way into thee,
limns ofthe lightsome aud witty Bulletin, 4c.
the Government ueguciatiug a loan from u-
Luited States Bank- Jt' occurred to us, ub.
we first encountered this gigant'c imprMiii
(an expression applied to the sea serpent.) tb
it would he preposterous for the Secretary of ta
Treasury to attempt to borrow money fiumt,
institution that is unable to pay its own ta
and such turns out to be the ease. Tho Seed-
tary of the Trcasuty never applied fora loanu
Mr. Biddle (but lie has at length succeeded, I,j
dint of hard dunning, some menace nml a lit;
manoeuvring, in obtaining from the Bait); (-ft:.,
United States about S400,00U of the SS,006,C«-
due by that institution to the Goventrary..-
xY. O. Bee.
”ObPtis pleasant to'think of Uu yotff"
To day we present our readers with "Jut,a
\\ hite.s Speech upon “the removal of the d- iE
ites It is a small affair, to be sure, dtsertiq
of uotice only as show ing wbat the speaker ttodf
do, if he could. During the past year, the taos
violeut denunciations have been prououreedt
gainst General Jackson, aud his friends, as htig
the authors of the present distress. The liillittp
gate slang of the federal organs hi toe east, it:
been eagerly seized upon by the white waste
federal papers of this State and city and by tin
retailed among tho small fry ; and nothin* h
been more common than to hear the vert tic-
polos of the Opposition, youugsters who bait
scarcely entered their teens, with the Jinpodcoa
of old Nick him self (Biddle, we mean). Bade:-
take to read homilies to their betters, tipojri:
misconduct of Gen. Jackson, the utility ufaXt
tiouaf Bank, and the consistency of Judge W hilts
political course.—For the benefit of these ''ter.
hook ” politicians, wo publish this speech of iu
Honorable Judge ;and would also remind then
that it is a notorious fact, that Judge W., ti.'t
he became a candidate for the Presidency, tr»
one of the most uncompromising opponents to *
U . S. Bank iu the Administration ranks;®
that not only he, but Bell aud Peyton, witblb
ichole delegation from 'Tennessee, voted to sutce
the President in all his measures relating to lb-
currency, and if it be true, as these wiseacres a-
sure us, that they have produced ruin and dir
fress in the country, they are equally culpable
with hint.—Nashville Union
Big Head—Big heart —When a man becomes some
what inflated by vanity they say in Tcnticssee that he
has got the “big head.” B&t we afo not aware that
the yearning effection which a politician feels for the
dear people over whom lie expects one day to be
President has ever been called the “big heart”—yet
we fancy.it a good name for such hortal enlargement.
Sir-. Webster must have had the premonitory symp
toms strongly at St. Louis, where he said:—
“If I had not a heart noble enough—asottl generous
enough—'a breast sufficiently comprehensive to take in
all my country—if I could uot clasp yon all at once
in my arms, then should I be unfit for my station—
unfit fora public man.”—Natchez Free Trader.
General Jackson in Egypt.—The following extracts
from a very interesting and agreeable book of travels,
just published, entitled “ Incidents of travel in Egypt.
Arabia, Pctrata.and the Holy Land,” by an American
is a beautiful and striking illustration of tho effect of
Gen. Jackson’s administration, tn elevating the charac
ter of our country if) the estimation of loreign nations.
The author hasjustly said, thathe “would rather travel
under the name of an American than with any other
known in Europe.” Who that has travelled in Europe
Asia' and Africa, has nbt felt his patriotism, his lore of
country, warm at the proud attitude which every
step in his rambles lids taught him to fee], the
Party hauks—There never was a bolder^
more successful trick than that which wasplaj”
off by the Biddle'men itt IS34, when they ^
Mimed the iiamo of tvhigs. There never w» s ‘
more wicked or deceitful one, lor tbeir plans•
purposes were the autipodes of those euteruu**
by the meu of the revolution who couteudea w
freedom fiotn European power. “The tree sSi*
be known by its fruit. ” The whig* el •be re|®
iution fought to emancipate the country from*
shackles of British rule- .Their strength *
their .God, their itiiegrily, aitd their own re
arms They succeeded, The whigs ot '•
hoisted the"British standard, declared that
should be subjected to the power of Bnw 1
istocracy, and they.have succeeded in bl ' n |.
the country at the feet of the mighty n
bank, and the influence w hich contracts its -
tty. The whigs of ’76 had to oonteidjwth djj
open aud noble foe, equally with the secret,
subtle snares laid for them by tbeir tory J nt
With the latter, even to the present
contest has hoett carried ou. The tones bet* .
federalist after the adoption of the Lonsti
blue lights iu the second war. and whig' 'j' ^
contest between tho country and Mr. 1> |( -
1834. The latter had credit abroad, aud w««
liug and able to destroy whatever t .
way of his plans at home. The B'Jf fj
eave.tho wings of tho tevolutiou the title
vies, and proclaimed themselves tna r ® a J .‘ r| f of( j
Pure, the only genuine wbigs. Evrey I
Convention man became, all at once, a o.
Daniel Webster hailed as a true-blue whig • *|
ah Quincy was a whig; and Arnold, had #
and been ih’this country, (we do * 10t o ^^(tit-
couple his couduct with the others,) won a
certainly have Been a whip- The Bid ^
have prostituted the term that was °. nce „.j
cred, and' have gamed followers b y. ,t * 0 [
“is theory
anc] have gained
ther was a whig, and I’m a whig, ■=
many persous, iu a fow cases of the rea
iutentioned, but deceived, equally wit • c5
the designing. The’whigs of ’'6, suet
should remember, won the country front l?
er of kingcraft, (we beg pardon of , l h |j 5 i#(i
for speaking of royalty thus,) and » |[f
republican institutions. The. whtgs ® •
breaking doffu what the former of,' ,' 0 ic-
assisting, through their idol, Mr‘ Btdd/ « # ^
stroy democratic principles, and place
try - once more under inoparchial ru • 1
York Times.