Newspaper Page Text
6
WAKE It A N'SWA.N DERINGS
AMONG THE GREAT BCHOOLB OF
ENGLAND—IL
Eton College Beside the Themes,
Nuraed by Royalty for Four and a
Half Centuries—lts Venerable Build
ings Wlnaome Environs—Sketch of
the Present Great lEstablisbment.
Flocking and "Fagging” Still In
Vogue.
(Covvright.)
Eton, Enoland, Nov. 7.—Eton, in many
respects the greatest of the endowed sohools
of England, has always basked In the sun
shine of royalty. Literally and figuratively
the sun has always shone upon it from the
direotion of Windsor. Literally and figu
ratively, too, the eyes of the sovereigns are
always upon it.
So close is Eton College to vv indsor cas
tle; so pronounced has always been the
favor of British rulers to the school; so in
terwoven with British prowess, statesman
ship, science, art and literature have been
the historic names cut in the schoolboy days
upon its antique woodwork, until the place
seems a veritable memorial roll-call of the
past and present great of the nation; that
imperceptibly its prestige, renown and per
manency have come to be as much a matter
of national pride to every Englishm an as
the integrity of the British empire itself.
If y u come by rail from London to Eton
you "must of necessity pass through the
royal borough of v\ indsor. for at Windsor
is the terminus of the little branch line over
which rolls the stately ooaches of the queen.
You will, of course, visit Windsor castle.
From its towers and terraces the most re
markable object in all the landscape Is
Eton College. The castle is a short distance
from the s. uth book of the Thames, and
the college is about the same dietaries from
the northern hank. Embedded within its
venerable trees, it is quite as interesting an
object, although it appears differently to
the imagination, us the somber gray sil
houette of Windsor itself, were you view
ing the latter from tha battlements of Lup
tou’s tower at Eton.
Around \\ indsor castle huddles a com
pact though slovenly old town. Crowding
close to Eton College is a lesser though
pleasanter collection of narrow-windowed
shops, snug and often picturesque boarding
or ‘ 'James' " houses where the youngsters of
Eton dwell, decayed bostelries and tiny
homes of those who in time come to subsist
upon the meager though permanent gain
ings of an ancient and decorous college
town. The 'I bames, here a beautiful, pel
lucid and almost a languorous stream,
winds in and out and on between,
separating Buckinghamshire and its
olden college town from Berkshire and
its worlds famous royal demesne.
The chief thoroughfare of Windsor wiuda
from east to west .-round the southern walls
of the castle, at its southwestern angle just
beyond the Henry VIII. gateway merges
into High street, aud this abruptly descend
ing 'under the famous Cmsar’s tower, be
comes Thames street. The latter, shad
owed by the ca-tle walls ou the east and
huddled shops of the west, leads to a bridge
aoross the Thames.
Wheu you have idled here for a time
among the crowds of gay boatmou throng
ing the bridge and river banks above and
below and set your face toward the college,
you are upon the one long straggling street
whiob Eton possesses. This, now and then
entered hy pretty courts and lanes, extends
no more than a half mile when It breaks
into two beautiful Oouutrj' roads—the one
wlndiug to the west to iiray, where dwelt
the vicar ot chameleon fame; and the other
to Slough where Hersehell lived,and thence
on to Stoke I‘oges, where sang and lies
buried theauthorof the “Elegy.”
Just where these roads diverge, beneath
noble elms, weere ivy and creepers almost
cover every auctent wall, are clustered the
chief buildings, various offices and princi
pal masters’ bouses of Eton College,
lit vested entirely of its scholastic associa
tions it is as pleasant and restful a spot as
one can find in England.
Along both sides of the highway, which
here runs northeasterly towards Slough
and back northwesterly toward Windsor,
Close up to the street line are massed the
quaintest of strange old structures. From
time to time most of these have been added
to the origiual college buildings, or some
building devoted to other purposes, has
beeu in a way transformed for school uses,
until the charming and curious spectacle is
presented of a town’s chief thoroughfare,
retaining many of its old time town aspects,
forming something like a busy yet reposeful
and shaded way through an idly planned
and vagariously disposed though always
pioturesque college reircat.
The original college buildings are all to
the east of this highway. Opposite are the
score or more which have been built or ac
quired. If you should staud immediately
In front of the former, by the worn aroh
way through which for more than four aud
a half oe* ituries have passed in aud out
stately collagers with Sowing gowns aud
flippant oppidans without, as far ns you
could see toward Windsor and ”up
the gentle turnings of the diverg
ing highways, every ancient building
has its use for Eton school, Eton
master or officer, Eton printing, Eton books,
or some other sort of occupaucy necessary
to the oouduct of Eton college affairs. Our
own college and universities often far excel
these old world Beats of learning in their
huge proportions aud loi.aly vastuess and
isolation. But most of the latter gain im
measurably in tbe pleasant feeling of bome
likenos and winsomeueas, and that oharm
which always comes from a community of
huddled antique structures, where age sub
dues and mellows, and gently adds, as art
can never do, its softening grays and greens.
The antiquity of the school is very great.
The pious Henry VI. was its founder. Some
material token of hts affection for the holy
ohurch must be made. Evtdeutlv his Idea
was to emulate the example of of William
of Wykeham, who established the first en
dowed school of this olass at royal Win
chester, and New Sohool at Oxford to re
ceive its graduates. So Henry made the
preparatory sohool of Eton and the seoular
Kings College iu the university of Cam
bridge, to whiob scholars are elected from
Eton. The site was undoubtedly selected
so that the institution might be
under the immediate eye of
Henry. It offered no uuusual natural
advantages, and all the beauty of the pleas
ant surroundings has beeu tbe growth of
care and age. A dreary, low, flat and
lonely spot it must have beeu in the olden
days. The king did not even own it. It
was anlirely outside the royal demesne of
Windsor. He was compelled to purchase
tbe perpetual ad vow sou of the parish church
of Eton, and many tracts of land in the
shires of Bucks and Berks; aud some of the
estates still held by Eton College were taken
from such ancient abbey* as Feoamp, Fon
tenoy, Yvrv and St. Stephen’s at Caen.
Though the college was founded in 1440,
solemn admission was not givou to the
provost, fellows, clerks aud scholars until
December, 1443. The canons and enactments
for Eton were almost a literal transcript of
those st Winchester. Its incorporated name
was “The King’s College of our Lady of
Eton beside Windsor;" and its original
foundation provided for a provost, ten fel
lows, four ulema, six choristers, a school
master, twenty-five poor and indigent schol
ars, and twenty-five poor and infirm men
who were to “pray for the king." Its first
Provest was tho celebrated oburchman,
\\ illiam Wayneflete, whom Henry brought
from the mastership of W inchester accom
panied by five fellows and thirty-five schol
ars from tho older school as a nucleus at
the new.
The present establishment, the out-
K ro ”* h r> f a reorganizing act of parliament
in 180 b, has for its actual governing body
the provosts of Eton and King’s College,
Oxford, tbe Royal Society, the lord chief
justice, the Eton masters and four other
members elected bo the former. Aside
from the official governing body, the actual
school officers of Eton now oomprise a
grown appointed provost, a similar official
toour “principal" or "president,” who must
be a master of arts and a member of the
Church of England (not necesearilly in or
ders) over 30 years of age, ten “fellows,”
who are members of the governing body, a
vice provost, bursars, secretaries or clerk-,
an auditor, a head master, a lower matter,
and "conducts" or chaplains.
All ordinary discipline may be said to
emanate from the "houses" where boys not
o:i the foundation reside, whose masters are
directly responsible to the head and lower
masters for the good conduct of those in
charge; to the “captains" of these "houses"
who are selected from among the scholars
in the houses to assist in keeping order:ami,
secondary, both from “fagmasters" over
their respective deputized * ‘fags,” and
throughout the general supervision by sll
upper forms or divisions of the sohool over
all members of the successive grades below
them. It is an odd system to us Americans;
but it is a good one here, because its results
are good.
The seventy free or foundation scholars
are called “oollagers/’ Formerly they
wore the black cloth gown to distinguish
them, but this badge of poverty was some
time since removed. The foundation schol
arships are open to all bovs, British rao
jsets, between the ages of 12 and 14, and
are only tenable to the completion of the
19 th year. These collegers are educated
and maintained during sehool term or time
out of the funds of the college. At the be
ginning of the century the oollagers’ routine
and fare were far from enviuble. They
dined most meagerly at 12 o’clock every
day and supped at b o’clock on whole
school days, and at 5 o’olock on other
days. They assembled in the ball at 7
o’clock every night and sat there reading
for an hour, under the care of their captain.
At 8 o’eiook they proceeded to the lower
sohool, where they recited the praysrs,
which used, it the still earlier times, to he
said in the long ohamher. They were then
looked up for the night. On Hunday morn
ing they went to the upper school to sigh
tae Psalcn c., and to join in prayers read by
the fifth form pnopostor. Oollagers asd
oppidans alike went to oburch at 10 o’clock
on Sundays, and they all had to sit in the
upper stnxil between 2 and 3 o'clock, while
a member of the fifth form read aloud sev
eral pages of that exciting essay the “Whole
Duty of Man.”
The diuner consisted Invariably of mut
ton, potatoes, bread aud beer, with the ad
dition of pudding on Hundays, Asa
matter of fact almost every colleger hired
a room in the town, in whicn to get his
breakfast and toa, which the college aid not
furnish, and iu which to prepare bit
lessoDi, which rendered his expenses nearly
equal to those not on the foundation, end
an old Etonian vehemently states that boys
unable to incur these unjust expenses under
went “privations that might have broken
down a cabin boy, and would be thought
inhuman If inflicted on a galley-slave." An
“Ode on a Nearer Protpeot of Eton," after
Gray, written in 1798 was virile with satire
upon this order of things, and hastened
reformation. The quality of the beer was
thus alluded to:
Pint after plot you drink in vain,
Still sober you may drink again,
You can't get drunk in Hall!
Everything is now different. Good food
is supplied for the hall. Breakfast and tea
are furnished at trifling cost. Servants
lessen the impositions of fagging. An as
sistant master aud a matron have domestic
superintendence. Long ohambers of old,
famous for its fifty-two beds, filth aad
frolics, has been practically abolished and a
new building with separate rooms provided
ohiefiy by subscriptions from old Etonians.
All badges of inferiority have beeD done
way with. To be ludigent and a pauper is
no longer necessary to eligibility, and some
of the best families of England are glad to
have their sons become Eton foundationers.
The "oppidanß” are all Bton boys, not
free scholars, or "oollagers.” There it no
bar to any boy entering Eton as soon as he
oan read, and some have been received as
young as 7 years. The Eton system
provides that from the moment he enters
until be leaves for good he shall be under
tbe immediate control, so far as his intel
lectual guidance Is concerned, of a tutor
who stands to him, while at Eton, In the
entire relation of parent or guar
dian. There is now, perhaps, an av
erage attendance of 1,000 boys. Fully
800 are non-residents. All of these
live in boarding houses, formerly conduoted
by women or "dames,” and while now all
but one are under tbe supervision of board
ing masters, who each care for from thirty
to fifty youths, they aro still known as
“dames’ houses.” These boarding masters
are assistant masters of and teachers in the
college. Ho far as college life aud discipline
are concerned all of these houses are as
strictly subject to college law and regula
tion as though they were set down and se
curely locked within either of the two eol-
lege quadrangles,
Ths principal and original buildings form
two huge quadrangles. Tbe first, eutered
from the highway through a much battered
archway, is adorned by a central statue of
the royal founder in bronze. The square,
called the “school yard,” Is inclosed by the
chapel, schools, dormitories, masters’ cham
bers, clock tower and “election chamber,"
where the highest gifts of the college, tho
scholarships at Kings College, Cambridge,
are annually bestowed.
The lesser quadrangle, nearest the
Thames, which Eton College properly faces,
comprises the cloisters, in whioh are the
residences of tbe provost and fellows, and
the library, whioh is reached by a flight of
steps to the left of the entrance of the clois
ters. Beyond the cloisters are the fine
college gardens, and still beyond these,
through a small postern gate luxuriantly
mantled with ivy and “Weston’s
yard." you oome up on the
“playing field," where on holiday
evenings, In what is called “I'oets’ walk,"
the cricketers are wont to take their tea.
These “playing fields” dearest of all things
at Eton to all Etonians past and present,
oomprise an extensive tract of ground, in
tersected by a pretty stream, and crossed
by a small bridga They are crowded with
rioh verdure, and shaded hy veuerable
'elms, tbe Thames oalmly rlpplmg along
their banks aud Windsor castle In the dis
tance.
Here, in the silent memorial to those
who have rendered the old school famous
by their own subsequent greatness; in the
upper sohool adorned with ita marble busts
of Etonian worthies who beoame England’s
greatest statesmen, divines, philosopbsrs
and poets; aud in the host of m ted names
carved everywhere upon the ancient wood
work by erst boyish hands; one finds the
reaf answer to all impulse of oriticlsm
upon what seems at first to au
Americana dead ago system of educa
tion of the British v utb to-day.
Two flogging blocks have beon In past
times triumphantly borne away, hut an
other stands in Its place. It was not so long
ago that the famous Dr. Keate (ISOH-’fid)
flogged eighty boys in one night, thus
quelling an incipient rebellion. That "odi
ous system of fagging” still remains. If
your boy or miue, or the boy of the proud
est earls of England, enters Eton. there is
no power to prevent him doing the most
menial drudgory for the fifth and sixth
form lads. He is their slave until hs him
self reaches the fagniaster’.-* estaie.
It is a wonderful leveler. Lord Salisbury,
Gladstone, Lord Randolph Churchill, Chief
Justice Coleridge, Lord Chatham, Lord
Shelburne, Canning, Pusey, Boliugbroke,
Pitt, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Horace Wal
pole, Fielding, Hallam, and the posts Wal
ler, Antsey, Shelley, Broome, Praod and
Gray, were all in their time fags at Etou—
carrying the beer, cleaning the boots, grill
ing tbe herring, smudging the toast, and
dodging the boot-jacks of their fagmasters
above them. The Eton system, in brief,
makes boys know bow to endure and to rule.
Behind all, an imperial scourgo to ambitious
effort, are imperishable memorials of these
dead and living hosts who have made it a
noble honor to have merely once been an
Eton boy. Ena ah L. Wakkman.
Coughs Olid Colds. Those who are suffering
from Coughs, Colds, Sore Throat, etc , should
try Brown's Bronchial Troches. Sold only in
boxes.—ad.
Prince Bismarck says the American army
I lacks officers.
THE MORNING NEWS: SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1892—TWELVE PAGES.
BOARDING HOUSE LIFE.
BAB ON RUNNERS THEREOF AND
DWELLERS THBRKIN.
Tha Woman Conductor Training
Servants Llko Ward Politicians.
Avoid Intelligence Cfflce Fcum-Fair
Wages, Stiff Prices, Good Tables and
Abundant Ccmm n Sense Wanted.
Gossipy Domeetioe—Kitchen Detect
ives—Gentle Mistresses Who Dote
On Artist c Needlework Men's
Lodging Houses—Bab’s Threatened
Cook Book.
I Coj. fright.)
New York, Nov. 19.—1 am not sn asso
ciation to tell women how to earn their own
living, nor am I one to give them discour
agement.’ At the tame time I have a keen
feeling that 1 am an authority on some
subjects, one of which is boarding houses.
It came about in this way: When I got
her card I looked at it, and said to that per
son, for whom I have the utmost respeot,
myself, "She is a lady.” Then, when I
looked at her and saw how carefully her
gown was arranged to hide its suabbiness,
how neatly her gloves were mended, I
added, in this epee; b, to myself: "She is a
poor lady." And then icy heart gave a
groat thump, and I thought to myself, and
I thought it with a firmness that would
have been creditable to a larger person:
“If I can help her, I will.” Then I
listened.
THIS I,AD7 GOT BOUND ADVICI.
She wanted to start a boarding house; she
bad the house and the furniture, and she
wanted to know if I oould give her any tug
gestions as to how to make money. Unlike
the angels, I rushed in and told her wbatl
thought. Haidl: "Begin by thinking that
the people who board with you are human
beings and not merely boarders. Begin by
asking a high price and then giving people
tbe worth of their mouey. Train your serv
ants to obey your orders as lmplioitly as if
you were a ward politician, and if one of
them says she don’t care to duet Mrs. Dash's
boots, don’t discuss tbs matter with her, but
tell'ber that you don’t oare to pay her wagoe
any longer and she can depart. Tbe cry of
the boarding house keeper is that there are
no good servants to be gotten. This is nut
true. It is merely a question of paying for
them and looking out for their references.
Of course, if you take in the soum of tbe in
telligence office, you may expect bad
servioe, dishonesty and drunkenness, and
you will not be disappointed. Then give
your boarders what you promise them. It
your contract calls for a warm
room and a good table, nee that
that Is furnished, and don’t believe that
by sitting in'the parlor and looking hand
some you are goiug to make your house a
success. There it nothing unladylike in go
ingjinto one’s kitchen, and whyjthe average
boarding house keeper should think there is
passes my comprehension. Go into your
kitchen and superintend your own cooking;
make your own desserts and then you will
get an Idea where your money goes. Serv
ants are not apt to be dishonest when they
realize that a mistress is liable to drop in at
any minute. Discharge the first servant
that oomes to you with gossip.
"As long as people behave quiettf, pay
their bills and treat you properly their
private affairs don’t oonoern you. Ydu have
hired your servants to work, not to enter
tain you or your boarders. 1 cannot under
stand why, but as toon as a woman iu a
boarding house tries to make her room look
a little homelike the dust accumulates at
the l ate of an inch a day. In my own per
sonal experience 1 have been told that it is
the fire or the dust from tbe win
dows. I now know it to be due en
tirely to the laziness of servants, for
In an equally busy neighborhood, with a
greater number of belongings, tbe dun doss
not grow, as it is ruthlessly disturbed by a
feather brush every morning. (Servants are
very much like children—they do well as
long ns they know somebody is looking at
them, but tbe minute they are left to their
own devices they shirk. Be tbe head of
your own establishment and let every serv
ant distinctly understand that her going
or staying is a matter of indiffereuoe to you,
for there ere always good fish in tbe servant
market, and tha bait to catob them is tbe
dollar.
LIVE AND LIST LIVE.
“Now, I am going to say something to you
about your table. Of course, 1 am presup
posing that you are taking hoarders. It may
seem a little more expensive at first to have
everything of the best, hut It pays iu the
end, tor your people do not drift away, and
more are desirous of ooming to you. It is
just as easy to make good as it is to bad
coffee, aud quite as easy to offer a variety,
instead of alternating with roast beef aud
turkey all tbe week. It only requires a
little thought about this, and a little
thought about something else, for you not
only to make a sucoess, but to make money.
Most women bavs an idea that the way to
keep a boarding house Is first to get a house,
then to fill it with people, more or leas un
happy, and then, by a series of nagging and
food, to get them to tbat extreme of unhap
piness when nothing makes any difference.
This Is a sort of boomerang policy. Home
day the
WORMS WILL TURN AND DEPART,
and then they will spread the reputation of
the house so far that nobody will want to
go to it. You can’t keen a first-class board
ing house, and devote all your energies to
doing artistlo needle-work. To earn ytmr
living in this world yon have got to work.
You can’t play; and it you want to earn a
good living, you have got to work hard. I
have always thought that there would be
money in a properly conduoted lodging
house; that is, one kept for
gentlemen onlv, and where the lodgers
could sleep all day, and stay out all
night, if they wanted to. If I were
running it, I should let the gas iu tbe hall
burn all night, and I should sec that
the lock was so well oiled that nobody in
the house would be awakened when a key
was put in it. Then I should charge high
prices, furnish coffeo and rolls for break
fast—the best of coffee and the lightest of
rolls -and have only men servants. One of
these should be a good valet, and any man
who was willing to pay for it oould then
have his clothes brushed and be regularly
gromned. My principle would be to keep
the best lodging house iu New York, and to
charge the highest prices, and vou oan bet
tbe largest silver dollar you have tbat I
would get it. Now, you’ve my opinion on
the subject of boarding and lodging
houses.”
FROM BOARDHTO HOUR* TO HOM*.
The lady went away, and I suppose is
keeping her boarding home; If she has taken
any of my tips it Is a successful one, if no*
it will only be one among the thousands
where people are fed. lodged and maltreated.
This rnay sound a little severe, but there is
a deal of truth in it. After you have gone
to housekeeping yourself you will find out
why things didn't taste just nice, for you
discover the desirability ‘of clean pots and
pots, aud you also discover that your hatred
of turkey arises from the fact that a gentle
man turkey of mature eqj who has been
kept on the ice for weeke, and Who is pre
pared for eating two or three days be
forehand (when Isay beforehand, I mean
before eating), and a lady turkey plump as
possible, woo has no acquaintance with the
ico obest and who only a few days ago was
happy in the baruyard are different. Ail
this sounds very domestic, and somebody is
iaugldng about Bab’s bouse. There never
was a woman in the world worth anything
who didn't want a home of her own, and I
just want to tell the scoffers cue thing, and
that is,that Bab's bouse pleases her. Bbegelt
what ebe wants to eat, and having come
from the land where good thing* are plenty
ehewautsgood things. Auy visitor can
look in at the kitchen, and, indeed, any visi
tor with ability can, if she or he likes, try
their hand at oooking; the oook is not a
crank and neither it me housekeeper. Then,
too, it is never any trouble to make a cup
of tea. and funnily enough in the average
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DYSPEPSIA.
Lit. RADWAY’S FILLS are a cure for this
complaint. They re-t.re strength to the stom
ach and enable it to perform its functions. The
symptoms of Dyspe; -ia disappear, and with
them the liability of th ■ system to contract dis
eases. Take the me Seine according to direc
tions and observe wl;.it we say ia "False and
True" respecting die:
L#~Ooserve the fo lowing symptoms result
ing from disease! of :be digestive organs: Con
stipation, inward pil.s fullness of blood in the
head, acidity of the stomach, nausea, heart
burn, disgust of food, fullness or weight of the
stomach, sour eructations, sinking or fluttering
or the heart, choktn, or suffocating sensation
whop in a tying posture, dimness of vision, dots
Or weha before the sight, fever and dull pain In
ti e head, deficiency t perspiration, yellowness
of the skin and eyes, pain in the side, chest,
limbs and sudden flashes of heat, burning in the
flesh.
A few doses of RAI WAY’S PILLS will free
the system of nh the above named disorders.
Bend a letter stamp to DR. RaDWaY A CO.,
?o, 82 Warren street, New York, for "False and
rue.”
boarding house a oup of tea out of time,
that is not exaotly within meal hours, means
an underdone stew of toa leaves.
BAB IS HOUSEKEEPER NOW ‘
Everybody laughed at my housekeeping;
everybody said: “Now you will see what it
is like,” aud now I do; and I speud most of
nay time regretting that I didn’t begin the
voyage of o’souvery before. We don’t have
dinner in the middle of the day on Sunday,
aud we do have brandy peaches so they
taste of brandy and not of burnt sugar; you
oan buy hunches of celery that are all
hearts, and lottuue that is nearly all white.
After 1 have kept house for a while I shall
be in condition to write a cook book—it may
balp other people who yearn for homes of
toeir own and think ihey cost so muoh more
than boarding that they are impossible, I
don’t pretend to say that it don’t cost more
to have a home when you are only one, but
where there are two or three people it is in
finitely cheaper to have a house, or a fiat of
your own, and you can live as you please.
There is another thing; in your own home
you oan meet the people you want and no
body else. You don’t have to endure the
caprices, ill tempers and general crankiness
of the world at large-you have the sole
t ight to be cranky iu that house, and If you
are a nice woman, and I am sure you are,
tbe very fact of this wtlj make you forget
how to be oranky. People were not
meant to
HERD TOGETHER LIKE COWS;
they were given super: r intelligence and a
certain at duty intended for use in making
abiding places. That t :ere are people who
dull their eenses und live out their lives
among crowds is sadly true; but that they
are coarsened and vulgarized by this cannot
be doubted. Homebody thinks It is ane w
plaything with me—whoever thinks that
must imagine I am a mighty poor speci
men of a woman. A real woman as
naturally wants a home of her own as she
does a man to .rule her. Hbe knows
in her heart of hearts that she ia
tbe monarch in the home aud she also
knows in her heart of hearts that this rale
over her would amount to nothing if it
were not the very bond of love. W omen do
not submit amiably to tyrants who have
not their love, aud it seeuis to me from
what I know of them, that even tbe average
woman can make life much worse for a
man than he evur can for her. She don't
take a great big knife and Btiok it in him;
O. dear, no! Sue takes a nice little pen
knife and gives a tiny out here and there
until the entire body of tbe poor fellow is
sore from the minute stabs.
OOOD, BAD AN® WiDIFrERNT.
A woman can be so nasty aud she can be
so nice! Hbe is seldom between.
Bbe is nasty all she way through when
she worries a man with bar petty jealousies
and mean insinuations.
She is nice all the way through whan she
gives him a word of encouragement for his
good deeds, and in this way induoes him to
do better.
She is mean all tho way through when,
because of her own extreme vanity, she
makes another w oman suffer.
Bhs is nice ail the way through whan out
of the goodnoss of her heart she gives an
other woman joy.
She Is mean all the way through when
hospitality is a trouble and courteous words
a bore.
She is nice all the way through when
she speaks pleasant words every day, and
fluds no trouble in being gracious.
Bhe is mean all tbe way through when
she holds up her husband or her children to
ridicule.
She is nice all the way through when she
finds out the best that Is iu them, aud en
courages it aud thorn uutil they are better
thau good.
Sometimes she is a combination of mean
ness aud niceness, and the one that dunes
to the surface will crowd out the other.
Thai’s shit we women want to pray for.
To lose all the meanness and be as nice as
w e possibly can. At least that’s tbe desire
of , Bab.
NOTED MURDERESSES.
THEIR CRIM S FOUND THE SOREST
WEAPON IN POISON.
• iCopirrittht.)
Nsw York, Noy. 19.—D0 women often
commit murder?
This question was put to me apropos of
tbe Borden trio], which Is attracting such
widespreat interest.
Women have always been leniently dealt
with, and the prisons of every state contain
at least a few whose sex alone saved them
from expiating crimes on the scaffold. I
will pass by the woraeu murderer* who
have oome from tbe criminal classes, such
as ths Benders of the west, the Croisettee of
Paris, the Liohteubergs of Berlin, and a
boat in the Empire state. But sympathy
for women murderers is dying out. Mrs.
Montague, the daughter of a nobleman, ts
serving out a sentence for ohlld murder in
an Irish prison, with no hope of immediate
release. Mrs. Maybrlck’s friends find it
almost impossible to secure the attention of
the home secretary to her appeal for pardon,
and there it no hope at all for the woman
who aided Evraud in buawful'Paris crimes.
The ilaybriok case is of special interest
just now, in view of these many efforts
which are making in her behalf, aud which
have as their prime factors the bead, the
heart and the hands of Gail Hamilton, the
sitier-in-lsw of ex-Secretary James G.
Blaine. Tbe murder of her husband. J ames
May brick, of which she was convicted, oc
curred iu Liverpool May 11, 1889. He was
a rioh cotton merchant, aud had married
his American wife eight years before. At
the trial, of whioh full details were pub
lished throughout the civilized world, tbe
relations of Mrs. Maybrick to a Mr. Brierly
furnished the motive for tbe crime.
Those who were present when the
jury, after a little more than half au hour’s
deliberation, returned a verdict of guilty,
say that the pallid faos of tbe convicted
woman had in it a look almost of divinity.
As tbe word ‘ ‘guilty” was spoken she fell
forward as if struck by a dogger, bhe
clutched the rail of the dock in front of her;
■be aroe end broke the awful silence of
thet oourt room with the words, pleadingly
uttered: “My Lord, everything hue been
against me. I wish to say that, although
evidence has been given as to a great many
circumstances in connection with Mr. Bri
crly much has been withheld wbinh might
have Influenced the jury had it beau told. I
am not guilty of this crime.”
This was a case of murder by poieoD.
Most in-tancee in which women are the
criminals, and where the crime is premed
itated, are -uch, and that makea the change
in the Borden case-i, where a brutal man's
weapon an ax or a hatchet —was used,
strangely inconsistent if not impose: ble. A
woman Lent on crime will solve the problem
before her in the easiest possible manner.
But I must go into history.
Baltimore’S cause celebre was the trial of
Mrs. Wharton, the widow of an army officer,
who, in 1871, was aocused of the murder of
Gen. W. 8. Ketcbum of the United States
army. Mrs. Wharton was a woman nearly
50 years of age, an intimate friend of the
general, and heavily in his debt. She was
preparing for a trip to Europe, and on June
23, 1871, the general came from Washing
ton to bid her good by and incidentally to
eolleot the money due him. He was taken
ill after leaving the house and died Jane 28.
His waistooat, containing the widow’s note
for the money due, was missing.
Mr. Van Heas, a man fully cognizant of
the widow’s financial affairs, was also taken
ill at the same time and narrowly escaped
death. It was proven that the geuerel bad
died by poisoning. Mrs. Wharton was ac
quitted of the charge of poisoning Gen.
Katohutn, and the charge of attempting to
kill Mr. Van Ness was never pushed. The
trial was perhaps one of the most sensa
tional ever held in the country, over 100
experts testifying pro and con oonoeroing
the effects of the poison administered. The
defense aialtned, in the faoe of the experts'
examination, that death was due to cerebro
spinal meningitis.
Laura D. Fair’s great crime was the fruit
of her awful temper. Her viotim was A.
F. Crittenden, a member of the famous
Kentucky family, and a distinguished law
yer then praotlolng in Ban Franotsco. Mrs.
Fair was a strong-minded woman, not par
ticularly good looking, and Infatuated with
Crittenden. She bad been married four
times, and Insisted that Crittenden should
secure a divorce from hla wife and make
bar fifth marital victim. He refused and
sent for his wife who was
east. He met her on the ferryboat
El Capitan, in the bay of San Francisco,
Nov. 8, 1870. Hiding near at hand
was Mrs. Fair. As Crittenden pressed bis
arms around his wife’s form, touobing her
lips in weloome, the shot that ended his life
raug out its death knell, and he fell a corpse
between the two women who bed claimed
him. Mrs. Fair's defense was insanity, but
at the first trial it was uot taken into con
sideration, and she was found guilty of
murder in the first degree. On a technical
ity the verdict was set aside, and a second
trial ended with acquittal. Each trial lasted
a full month aud was telegraphed in ex
teuso to all the papers of the country.
The most sensational judloiel murder of
this century was the execution of Eliza
Fanning, in her time one of the most beauti
ful women of London. She was scarcely
18 when charged with poisoning the
family in which she was a governess. It
was proven conclusively that she herself
had beootue ill from eating the poisoned
food. Her Innooenoe was established at tne
trial, but the recorder, before whom the
case was heard, conceived so greats preju
dice that in his final charge he passed only
upon the evidence adduosd against her. She
was executed, aud as she stood robed in white
on the soaffold between two old offenders,
who were suffering a like penalty she cried
out: “Before the just and Almighty God,
and by the faith at the holy sacrament I
have received, I am innocent of the offense
of which I am charged.”
Before the funsral it was discovered that
the poison was in all likelihood administered
by a maniac who had been sheltered in the
house at the time of the poisoning. Ten
thousand persons attacked the house of the
prosecuting lawyer, and only a large mili
tary force prevented death and destruction
bv that infuriated mob. On the day of the
funeral half of London appeared on the
streets through whioh the oortege passed,
aud only the presence of troops prevented
another riot.
But legal history fairly teems with
famous poisoning cases in which women
have figured, aud fiction stands abashed
before the oompllcatleus which have at
various times arisen in their development.
There Is perhaps no parallel in this century
to the awfal case of the Marchioness of Bieo-
Allliers. Having through a lover discovered
the art of compounding the most subtle
aud mortal poisons, the two began their
fearful career. Father, mother, sister,
brothers, children, all met fearful deaths.
Then began a series of poison conspiracies
whioh bee no parallel in the world's history.
Deathji of heirs of nobis families through
out Franoe grew of alarming frequency.
St. Croix, the lover, finally died from an
accidental Inhalation of a noxious vapor.
Then came the fearful discovery. The
woman was arrested, put to the torture by
■wallowing water, then beheaded and her
body publicly burned. The trial of the case
was stopped suddenly as a matter of policy,
for each day new development* pointed to
the moat noble of the French aristocracy as
eoconsplrators. l
Jules Himon has said that a woman's
beauty is her best lawyer. The remark
strikes mo as of telling foroe, when I recall
some of the remarkable trials of the past in
which women have figured, aud again falls
flat when I thing of the pallid, beautiful
face of a Charlotte Corday on the guillo
tine, or of a Lizzie Funning on nu English
scaffold.
Beauty oould not plead for Mary Queen
of Boots or for Lady Jane Gray. It failed
to touch the hearts of the men who Judged
Marie Antoinette, and it was paMed when
Mme. Roland, the wonderful daughter of
Neokar, stood before a tribunal for
judgment. But these lie in dim history.
Mn. Walkup, the New Orleans belle, on
trial a few years ago at Emporia, Kan. .for
the murder of her husband, Judge Walkup,
was, and perhaps still Is, a
strikingly beautiful woman. The case
against her was strong, but largely
circumstantial. The people of that western
country still attribute her escape from con
viction to a marvelously expressive faoe.
But New York records are filled with sen
sational cases, with whioh the public Is mors
or less familiar, aud space alone prevents
recalling many whioh present features of a
most borrowing nature, in many respeots
strongly resembling the Borden mystery.
David Wecjhslsr.
Mrs. Bronson (tenderly)—You can’t Im
agine, Charley, what a lovely present I’m
going to get you for Christmas. You’ll be
sure to enjoy it,
Mr. Bronson (hastily and with apparent
Irrelevance)—Maria, dear, I'm going to quit
smoking on Dec. 15. Er —I thought you'd
like to know about it at ono*,— Chicago
News Heeord.
MEDICAL.
.WPWB! ASFWPA A BO&:’
Science
MEDICAL
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.j has achieved a
great triumph in
the production of
BEECHAM’S
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store women to complete health.
Covered with s Tasteless & Soluble Coslin,.
Of all druggists. Price 2 S cents s bos.
New York Depot. ,6j Canal St.
KSShS
1 ip 1 y° u ma y tave
thousands visit Eu- |Kr|
T 7 Q r>ni .TNtrl /Vr ro P e f or yearly , thaM l
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They aid digestion, gfji
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Be sure to obtain the genu
tne imported article , with the Ifell
signature of " Eisner &* Men- (IKB
Co., Sole Agents, New- JptJj
I EISNER A MENDEISON CO., NEW YORK.
DRY GOODS.
RECORD BREAKING
—: AN I): —
RECORD MAKING SALK
UNPRECEDENTED COT IN PRISES.
I# I# In WslisiiK ft M
Down Go the Prices on Dress Goods.
Thus, Changeable DlazonaU, Chariot Mix
tures and Novelty Dress Goods this week 25c.,
former price 35c. and 40c. Plain and Fancy All-
Wool Imported Dress Goods, embracing Plaids,
Novelties,Etc., sold everywhere atoso. and 75c.,
our price this week 49c. "
52-inch Imported Broalcl >th, in all shade*,
■old the world over at $1 50, this week's price
98c.
All High Class Novelty Dress Patterns reduced
ONE-THIRD.
Dowd Go the Prices f Silks.
Changeable Silks in all the New Tints and
Coloriutrsat 75c., sold everywhere for 91
Blaok and Colored Dross Bilks of every de
soription at greatly reduced prices.
Dowd 6q the Prices of Linens.
Bleached and Turkey Red Table Damask at
49c., reduced from 65c. per yard.
Bleached and Turkey Red Table Damask at
78c., reduced from $1 per yard.
100 dozen Knot Fringe Damask Towels at 250.
each, fine value for 3jc.
Down Go the Prices of Domestics.
Good Heavy Unbleached Canton Flannel at
Bo , worth 7c
Yard-Wide Bleached Btilrtlng, soft finish at
80., worth 7c.
Remember we give better goods for the
same money or the same goods for less
money than elsewhere.
FOYE & MORRISON
IRON WORKS.
KEHOE’S IRON WORKS^
WM. KEHOE & CO..
IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS,
(Hi J Machinists, Blacksmiths and
ENGINES, BOILER) AND MACHINERY,
|U IMMENSE REDUCTION
SUGAR :: MILLS :: AND :: PANS.
Our unequaled facilities enable us to offer our Mills and Pans at prices that defy competition.
Repair work promptly done. Good work and reasonable prices guaranteed.
ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED.
Broughton Street from Reynolds to Randolph Streets,
Telephone 268. SAVAINISTAH. ftA
I’LUMBBK.
FINK 1.114H1 OH
GAS FIXTURES AM GLOBES
L. A. MCCARTHY’S,
A.G DRAYTON BT.
Children Cry for Pitcher’s Castorla*
Dowd Go the Prices on Cloiki
Children’* All-Wool Reefer Jaokete ats:il
and $i 93, reduced from $<J and 75.
Chll Iran’s Loti* Cloak*, latest styles, regular
$5 aud $ > quality, now $1 49.
Ladies’ .34 inch All-Wool Black C leviofc Reef*
er, good sellers at $5. noy $3 4# each.
See our immense selection of Ladies’ Jacket!
at $7 50 aud $lO, former price $lO and sl3 50.
Dowd Go the Price? of Blankets & Comfort?.
10-4 Gray Wool Blanket! at 58c., worth sl.
10- White Wool Blankets at 980. worth $1 V).
11- Fine White All-Wool Blankets at $3 9*l,
worth Stf.
11-4 Fine White California Blankets at $6 50,
worth $lO.
Extra value In Bad C imforts at 23c., 49c., 080.,
$1 50 and %'i 25 each.
Dowd Go the Prices of Wooleo L’nderwear.
Ladies’ Heavy Ribbed Undervests at 35c., lold
everywhere at 500.
Ladies’ White All-Wool Undervest* at 98c.,
worth $1 50.
See our Gents’ Woolen Underwear, the bail
stock ia town, at reduced prices.
IN SUIt AN UK.
CHARLES F. PP.ENDERGASI
(Successor to IX H. Foot*a* A 0o„)
FIRE, MARINE AND STORM INSURANT
imi BAY STREET,
[Next West of ths Cotton Exchanged
Telephone call No. 84. Savannah.