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SHE NEVER_ CROWS W.
The Young French Girl Is a Baby
In Long Dresses.
All the Conditions of Her Life Con
•pire to Keep Her a Child Until
Marriage Seta Her Free and Gives
Her a Place in the World--Her Sys
tem of Education Outlined by One
Who Has Studied It —Privileges
Which Americans Take for Granted
Denied Her.
From the Philadelphia Press.
I once asked a Franco-Hungarian
oomtesse who had just returned after a
year apent in America the trait of the
American girl which had most strongly
Impressed her.
**lt is.’’ she said, “their absolute uncon
sciousness of their good fortune In being
such. They take everything as a matter
Of course, and they don't know that they
ought to get down on their knees every
bour and thank their American men for
their liberty!”
When the American girl goes to Home
she never does quite as the Romans do,
ana in Paris, while compelled to admit
the wisdom of European social customs—
In Europe—she manages to capture the
French woman's homage and yet retain
enough of her native-born freedom and
independence to make her frantically en
vied b*' theyoung women of France. “Ah.
you young American girls!" once 'ex
claimed the Empress Eugenie to a beau
tiful Washington belle at a court Ball.'
“You are doing more to ruin our poor
France than all the republk'ahs!’’'
But custom is strong, and while Par
isians have come to excuse the most dar
ing violations of the French social code
with a shrug which means “but she. you
know, is an American:” yet after all the
French demoiselle of fashion in the
gayest capital of the world is the same
as she was in the days of the empire.
The political enfranchisement of the men
has not brought with it much more of
social liberty to th ■ young woman.
He who called Paris "the paradise of
women" told only half a truth, it is the
paradise of the American girl and of the
married Parisienne. but not by any means
for the French demoiselle. Between her
and the American girl there is a great
gulf fixed.
The joung woman in France—and
“young woman" means any woman un
married end under the age of 24—is a
baby in long dresses.
Not that she lacks the capabilities; far
from it! There is no brighter young wo
man in the world than the French
demoiselle, if she be given half a chance.
The younger married women of Paris,
who have had a clash with real life, show
what the French demoiselle might be.
They are the life of the salon. Their
brilliancy, their wit, their savoir-faire
make them admired the world over. No,
it is not the fault of the woman 1 It is not
the fault of the demoiselle that she is a
baby In long skirts, but the fault of her
mother. And hero again, it is not the
fault of her mother, but of modern French
society.
BKODGHT CP IS STRICT RETIREMENT.
Imagine, If you can, a girl brought up
from the nurse's arms in the strict re
tirement of a French family. This means
much more strictly than in America, or
even in England, for a Frenchman's fam
ily life never opens to admit a stranger
guest.
W hen she is a little girl perhaps she
goes to school. This is only if her par
ents cannot afford to have her taught at
home by private teachers. She is con
ducted to school "by a servant or by her
mother, and when the school is out find
someone waiting at tho door to bring her
home.
In school she sees only girls about her,
for the sexes ure kept widely apart in the
public school system of France. There
is no sitting side by side on the same
benches, as do the boys and girlsof tender
age in Canada and the United States. To
the little girl the boy of her own age is a
strange, wild creature, not at all like
herself, constituting a world of his own,
and, because utterly unknown, a subject
of her greatest curiosity.
When she grows a little older she is
either taken home and put under the tu
telage of her mother or perhaps put into
a French convent, where, in the strictest
discipline and in utter seclusion save for
the severe “Sisters'’ and weekly visits of
her family, she passes the golden youth
which nature intended to be spent iu the
sunshine and among the flowers.
AFTER SCHOOL PATS.
When her schooling is over, and this is
soon in France, for Frenchmen, like Mar
tial, prefer tbeir wives “notovcrlearned.”
she comes under the sway of that impla
cable guardian, the French maman. She
has no will of her own. Her hats, gowns,
even her shoes and gloves, are chosen for
her, and her deportment is exactly speci
fied in all things. She has no friends
among married woman, and few among
young women of her own age. Sueh in
timacies are, in every case, watched over
by the mother, and the daughter is rarely
without her, even in her own house.
It must be remembered thatthe French
man expects the mother of the girl he
marries to bo able to account for every
hour of the girl's life up to the day of her
marriage. In thi3 he is most rigorous,
and a single appearance on the street
without conventional accompaniment
might seriously prejudice any young girl's
prospect for marriage. And it is with
the sole idea of marriage that the French
demoiselle comme il taut is brought up.
When lady callers come to see madame
the daughter is rarely seen; when men
callers are present, never.
To occupy her mind at home she has
her fancy work and such nading as has
been carefully selected by her mother.
When the French demoiselle goes walk
ing on the boulevard, mother and daughter
always appear together, like a tandem
bicycle, with madame on the front seat
with the stearing pear. The girl is an
afterthought, for which not even an ex
cuse is necessary.
The Only men who exchange a word
with madame on her promenade are mar
ried men upon whose wives madame calls.
Madame is hero the attraction, and the
girl beside her is not snubbed, but is
•imply ignored, She might as well not
be there, for she is not even looked at.
Probably monsieur has not met madamoi
seile-more likely he would like to. but
that does not matter in the least. He has
too much politeness to show it, and mad
ame is too conventional and altogether too
much of a French mother to notice it. As
for the young man comme il faut, he must
never approach. Raising the hat—to
Biudame—must content him.
HER ENTRANCE INTO SOCIETT.
There is, strictly speaking, no regularly
organized and triumphal debut in Paris
ian society. The French demoiselle
“comes out” quietly, and to her it does
not moan a tithe of what it means to the
American gir! It means that she may
sometimes bo [ resent when her mother
receives callers anion rare and special
occasions assist at madam's soiree: that
is ail. with a little more frequency in
drives and promenades. Occasionally,
too. -ho can accompany her to the Tin a
ter F'.ancais or to the opera, where she
sits half screened by the curtains of the
box.
The "box party,” where young people
of both sexes, properly chaperoned, fill
in the long intervals between acts by
lively t hat, is an unknown abomination in
Paris. It is an institution upon which
you, Oh, lucky American girl, possess the
sole and copyright. There is no cantering
along the bridle paths of the Bois de
Boulogne with a mixed narty of gay
young riders, sucli as one may see every
day in the parks of America or along
London's famed "Rotten Row."
If madamoiselle rides, she rides with
father or brothers, who, rest assured,
will see that she commits no indiscretion.
Her riding habitls chosen by her mother,
who every time the daughter goes out,
subjects her to a close and critical scru
tiny. For this being one of the few
chances madamoiselle has of beiug ob
served it is necessary that she look her
best. The young Frenchman, above all,
wishes his wife to look well, and rhe idea
of his daughter's marriage is the one idea
never absent from the mother's mind.
This is impressed in every possible way
until the girl grows to believe a success
ful marriage the chief end and aim of her
existence and to pattern her actions ac
cordingly.
In all this time there is only one place
where the young of both sexes can meet
on anything nearly approaching a level—
it is on the ballroom floor. Madamoiselle
does not attend a ball without her mother,
sits immediately in front of her, and
leaves her only to dance, and then, a
stranger would imagine, that the favor of
the dance was asked as much of the
mother as of the daughter. The whole
affair strikes an American as a plot be
tween the chaperones and the musicians
to keep the young people from talking.
IMPORTANCE OP HER DOT.
While the French demoiselle is thus
virtually ou the market for the Inspec
tion of dealers who may wish to operate,
the stock has its open market quotation.
When the French baby is born, the
mother and father, no matter what their
social position, lay regularly by a certain
sum, generally proportionate to their in
come. This sum is never touched, and
goes on accumulating until the child is of
age. If a boy, It is spent on his after
professional or technical education, or as
capital to set him up in business. If a
girl, the money is her marriage portion
or dot. The French demoiselle has a
standing in the market exactly propor
tionate to the size of her dot. which is
tacitly known, or can easily lie learned
by the young man who is thinking of ne
gotiating a purchase. Thus the French
demoiselle—and not at all disrespectfully,
either—is known as a 15,000 franc girl, a
75.0; 0 franc girl or a 500,000 franc girl, as
the case may be.
Some evening the mother says,
“Heloise, go and dress. A gentleman is
coining to-night to ask you in marriage,
and don’t forget to put on your most be
coming gown!” This is her courtship,
and at this cold-blooded summons love is
not expected to dawn in her innocent
heart. Love may necessary to the
French character, but it is no essential
part of the French marriage.
Heloise does not forget to put on her
most becoming gown, and if her appear
ances pleases monsieur in this last in
spection—in other words, if he likes the
looks of the property—the bargain is
closed, Heloise, retires, and the 'parents
of the 'contracting parties sit down to
draw up the articles of agreement ac
companying the transfer. Sometimes
this is a matter of no little difficulty, and
oftimes the two mammas squabble weakly
over the merest tritiles, each trying to
gain from the other the greater part of
stock in trade with which the young peo
ple are to set up housekeeping.
This, in short, is the life of the French
demoiselle until she becomes madams and
finds herself in anew world. And then
she revenges herself gloriously on
society by making her mari her
slave and leading him by the nose all the
rest of his life. He has been brought up
until his marriage under the iron rule of
his mother, and this is simply an exchange
of scepter.
As for the demoiselle, she is a demoiselle
no more. She is no longer unnoticed. She
is supreme ruler of Parisian society and
becomes on the instant a different crea
ture. She rules her husband and house
with magnificent tact and—snubs her
daughter as her mother snubbed her.
DRUNKEN ENGLISH WOMEN.
#
Alarming Addictions to Inebriety
Among British Maids and Matrons.
From the New York Sun.
London, Dec. 33.—“ Drunk as a duchess”
is a popular phrase in the mouth of the
English people just now, and it is a
phrase powerfully suggestive of a strik
ing and shocking condition of affairs in
English society, coming, as all such popu
lar by-words do, from apt appreciation of
prominent features of tho life and affairs
of to-day. Drinking among women in tho
higher and highest social ranks of Eng
lish society is developing into a national
scandal, says Lady Henry Somerset. And
a public meeting was held here recently,
presided over by this lady, at which some
remarkable statements were made of the
prevalence of drunkenness among women
in high life.
But drinking is not an attribute merely
of womeu in high life. What is mor
serious and which touches the life of the
whole nation, is tho prevalence and in
crease of drunkenness among women of
all classes throughout the kingdom. “A
national shame" is how the London Daily
News characterizes the startling revela
tions that have been made recently
through public meetings, official reports,
and a general investigation and open dis
cussion concerning the great evil. It was
made a subject of special inquiry by a
committee of parliament this year, and
startling testimony as to the prevalence
of the vice among w omen was given by
magistrates, coroners, officers of public
institutions, ana medical men of high
standing, the latter headed by no less a
man than the late tyir Andrew Clark,
Gladstone's old physician.
Of an average of 33,000 women commit
ted to prison auuually in the United
Kingdom in the past few years 30 per
cent, were sent theer for drunkenness, or
for offenses arising from or allied to
drunkenness. The testimony of the po
lice courts is that the vice is prevalent
among all classes in the East End of Lon
don. Not alone women of a disreputa
ble class come before the magistrates
charged with drunkenness, but wives of
resjiectablo workingmen and young
women earning their living, and other
wise conducting themselves in a respecta
ble way. All acres, as well as all classes,
are victims of the vice. There are manv
records of women drunkards of 80 and 35
years of age. and many of those but 15 to
18 years old. Five unmarried girls 17
years old were charged with drunkenness
in one court tn a single day, and girls of
tender yeurs are found in the streets in
the early morning, helpless from a night's
debauch. Iu 1301 there were in Ixrndou
some 3,000 convictions of womeu for
drunkenness. Last year the number of
such convictions was increased by over
500, and there were in addition 9,373 ar
rests of women on the charge of having
been drunk and disorderly.
One of the best known coroners of the
East End, Whynue Baxter, whose many
years of close contact and daily experi
ence with people in that part of ‘ the city
THE MORNING NEWS: SUNDAY. JANUARY 14. 1894.
constitute him an important authority,
told the parliamentary committee Thai:
drunkenness entered directly or indi
rectly into half the inquests he liehl.
The ma ter was treated mostly as a joke,
and the juries, coining from the people a’
that locs lily, think no.bing whatever o
druukens less among women lie believe*:
great numbers of hard-working. :obi:
men wou.id have good homes but for tbs
curse of drunkenness that afflicts thei ■
wives, and in some respects the conditio i
of the woi nen in this regard is worse tha-i
that of the men.
The parliamentary returns of drunken
ness in Scotland for last year show that
in that land reputedly of steady habits
10,14 k women were arrested during the
year for being "drunk and disorderly;"
while 6,0k7 o:ore women were arrested
for disorderly conduct while drunk. J n
the same period 22.901 men were arrest* and
for the former, and 16,4t!3 for the latt.:r
offense, which shows that almost half las
many women as men in Scotland are qd
dicted to the vice of drunkenness.
The British Medical Journal says:
"The standard of sobriety among worn* su
has come of late to be giudually but p r
ceptibly lowered, till, unhappily, r,*iw
women are ofuen seen affected by liq* or
in the streets and at public and privnte
gatherings.” The Lancet says: “No
one who has Ihls eyes open can fail to *.ee
that women aj-e fatally losing modesty in
the way in which they enter public
houses.”
The public mind, or that portion whiih
has been aroused to an active interest in
this matter, is trying to devise some wiay
to stop the further spread of the scours e.
It is conceded by those best able to jucjge
that incarceration in prisons is of no be n
ettt whatever in the case of women drunk
ards. Sir Andrew Clark’s proposition lor
the compulsory seclusion and cure 'of
drunkards in retreats under state contiol
finds many supporters. Ho said he wonld
run the act of comyiulsion as close as tl ie
feeling of the English people for the free
dom of the person would allow, and won Id
especially enforce lb in the earliest stages
of the vice in the case of women, ile
said, and he spoke from a great e:f pati
ence, especially in private doalings with
drunkards, that the drinking habit was
difficult to cure in men. but It was all but
impossible in women. When taken in
hand early, cures were obtained in; b.th
sexes, but, in his experience, even then
the proportion of cures of womei* was
painfully small.
The governor of Pentonville prison
says when a woman is thoroughly tpd in
this vice of drunkenness she is thoro iighly
hopeless. These deductions have been
partly explained by the fact that i h the
case of women of the better class i ispea
ially, among whom Dr. Clark si [id Ise
could not recount five cures, wonn in ane
screened in the practico of the vice, for a
considerably longer time than men a Bd be
come verv much addicted to it be lor* a
cure is attempted. The general seuiti
ment just now seems to be for the 'Sstf ,b
--lishment of retreats under state or lo< al
county control, where drunkards will be
compulsorily treated. But whatever Ihe
remedy adopted, the need of a drastic*.ne
is most painfully apparent. Drunken
ness among women has indeed, in Eng
land, become "a national shame.”
ODD NAMES AND WORDS.
Tips in Pronunciation of a Use! ul
and Well-known List.
From the Christian Inquirer
Verestehagin, painter of the ci sle
brated picture, “The Russian Feast,” is
aged 51 years. Two of his friends in
formed the writer that his own pronuni na
tion of his name is Vert-shah-gin, se ond
syllable accented.
Munkacsy, the Hungarian painter- of
the well-known picture, “Christ B fore
Pilate,” pronounces his name M oon
kotch-e. second syllable accented.
Mr. Gladstone, prime minister of Ml Ing
land, pronounces his name Glad-sj ,un,
first syllable accented.
Mr. Carnegie, founder of the * ,ew
music hall, located in West Fifty-sevi) nth
street. New York, pronounces his nume
Car-na-gy, second syllable accented.
Colquhoun, the Scottish statist leal
writer, died in 1870. aged 76 years. The
pronunciation of his name is Ko-boon,
second syllable accented.
Coleridge, the mnglish metaphysi/ Man
and poet, died in 1884, aged 02 years. His
name is pronounced Coalridgo.
D Aubigne, the French historian, author
of "History of the Reformation,” die and in
1872, agad 78 years. His name is pro
nounced Do-bean-ya, last syllable accea ted.
Meissonier, the celebrated Fre noh
painter, died in 1891. aged 78 years. His
name is pronounced May-son-ya, last
syllable accented.
Boulanger, French general, died in 1 891,
aged 56 years. His name is pronounced
800 long-zba, last syllable accented.
Boucicault, the Irish dramatist and
actor, died in 1892, aged 70 years. His
name is pronounced 800-se-ko, last sella
ble accented.
Ave Maria. [From the first words, of
the Homan Catholic prayer to the Viirgin
Mary, I-atiu, ave hail, Maria Mary, it An
invocation to the Virgin Mary. A fprm
of devotion in the Roman Catholic church.
A particular time in Italy about halt an
hour after sunset, and also at early
dawn, when the bells ring and the
people rejieat the Ave Maria, pronou heed
Ah-va-ma-re-a, tiret and fourth syllsfbles
accented.
Desmouslins, French revolutlo nist,
died in 1794, aged 84 yeurs. His name is
pronounced Da-tnou-lan, last syllable, ac
cented.
“Meistersinger von Nurnbcrg,” pro
nounced My-ster-zing-er fon Neern-baerg.
An opera: words and music by Rid hard
Wagner, completed in 1337, and first ren
dered at Munich in 1838, under til e di
rection of Von Bulow.
Michael Angelo, Italiam painter and
sculptor, died In 1582, aged 88 years. The
Italian pronunciation or the name is now
given the preference, Mick-el-on -jel-o.
The ”i” has the sound of ”1” in 9 icklo,
third syllable accented.
Scharwenke, German musical com
poser and pianist, was born in 1850. His
name is pronounced Shar-ven-ka, second
syllable accented.
Tro.von, French painter of animals 1 and
landscapes, died in 1865, aged 25 years.
His name is pronounced Trwah-;/ong,
last syllable accented.
Khedive (Persian, a prince) a governor
or viceroy—a title granted in 18(6 by
the Sultan of Turkey to the ruler of
Egypt. The pronunciation is Kaleve,
last syllable accented. Accent the second
syllable in the word accented.
Improvisatriee, an extemporaneous
poetess <a la Corlnno), pronounced im
prov-ease-a-tree-cha, third syllabi*) ac
cented.
Isolate. Of the various pronunciations
recently given tho preference have
of this word the leading philologists
to is-o-late, the first syllable
having the sound of iss in miss. 1 The
correct pronunciation of the English
language and all foreign words in common
use is becomiug a subject of interes t and
Importance to those persons whb can
appreciate the great advantage of possess
ing the ability to speak correctly.
To render couversation most delightful
to a cultivated ear the pronunciation of
every word must be correct.
Heads Grbw Till 65 Years of Age.
From the London Glole
“Head's grown.sir,” observed my hatter
one day to me, manipulating the interior
of my topper with a foot rule; and when
I indignantly disclaimed the soft impeach
ment he added: “All mv customers’
heads grow, sir, up to 65, excepting the
ecclesiastical gents, and their's don't grow
after 25.” Herein, doubtless, lies the
reason why clerical headgear is so charac
teristic of the man beneath, for never was
a greater fallacy than the adage that “it
is not the cowl that makes the monk.” ]
MONSIEUR DE PARIS.
Outer Fids Recalled by tie Resigna
tion ol liK Headsmen.
Hi3 Fear of the Anarchist*—The Ex
ecutioner of 300 Men and His Per-*
sonal Characteristics and Methods.
The Fable About Dr. Guillotin.
From the New York Mail and Express.
So Monsieur de Paris has resigned! It
is the most striking if not the most sig
nificant feature of the anarchist reign of
terror. For Monsieur de Paris confessed
frankly that he has resigned his place
simply through fear. He knew that ho
would presently have VaiUant and prob
ably some other anarchists to treat pro
fessionally, and he feared the vengeance
of their comrades, It is true, that is a
fear a brave man might feel without
shame. Especially is this the case when
a man, like this one, has a wife and
children to provide for. Despite, how
ever, this danger of vengeance, fhe
place will never be vacant. When last
It fell vacant there were no less than
3,000 applicants for it. Twice that num
ber are ready to take it to-day; not so
much because of its emoluments as be
cause of a certain ghastly fascination
that attaches to the work. It is the same
fascination that leads thousands of people
to crowd about the scaffold eagerly to see
the headsman's bloody task performed.
It is the same trait of human nature that
makes others enjoy a prize fight, a bull
fight; that made the Romans of old enjoy
the butcheries of the Coliseum, and that
makes the Apaches to-day delight in the
torture of tiieir captives; a strain of sav
agery and bloodthirstiness.
THE EX-EXECUTIONER.
Now M. Deibler, who has just resigned,
is the last man one would supect either of
cruelty or of fear. Ho is to begin with, a
singularly modest, unassuming man who
shuns rather than courts publicity. He
is of a stolid, phlegmatic temperature,
never excitable or passionate, almost
timid in manner. He is past 00 years old,
though he scarcely looks 50. He is of
less than average statue, but strongly
built and thick set. No dandy of the
boulevards is more scrupulously exact
in dress than be; his linen and black
broadcloth being always immaculate.
His eyes are soft and gentle in expression,
and so is his voice. lie is fond of a quiet
Joke, and his laugh, though not boisterous,
is'hearty. On the whole, you would never
take him to be the public headsman of
Paris, who has "officiated” in more than
three hundred oases.
THE TRADE OF “MONSIEUR”.
“Monsieur de Paris" is the name by
which he is universally known. Tho
official title of his office, however, is still
more high sounding: “L'Hxecuteur des
Hautes CEuvres.”
The work of guillotining a condemned
man need not be described in detail.
Less ghastly but scarcely less interest
ing is the conduct—or rather was the con
duct—-of M. Deibler immediately after it
was accomplished. He attended always
with the utmost care to every detail of
the execution, taking the keenest profes
sional pride in having it artistically done.
But the instant the blade fell and the
severed head lay in tho big zinc pail, he
turned and left the scaffold. His assis
tants could do the rest, nnd unship the
lethal machine and put it in its store
house. He went straight to a little
wine shop in the Kuo Folie Keg
nault and ordered a dish of soup! Im
agine a man having a good appetite at
such a time. Before he finished his assis
tants generally jdined him. After their
soup they would tiave coffee and cigarettes
and would sit there and chat for an hour
about the work they had just done, and
how it compared with similar jobs form
erly accomplished. There was no tone of
levity in their talk, but neither was
there of lugubriousness. They talked of
an execution in a serious but entirely
matter-of-fact way. Just as they might of
the launching of a ship or the painting of
a house. Finally, having discussed all
the details of the case, M. Deibler would
lighka fresh cigarette, put on his hat,
pick up his umbrella, which he always
carried, and go home to his family.
THE DISCOURAGER OF HEB TANCT.
M. Deibler always disliked to have his
victims play the coward. He wanted
them to go their doom with unfaltering
nerves. The notorious murderer Pran
zini, whom he beheaded a few years ago,
was a miserable wretch.
“He was as limp as a wet rag, and quiv
ering like a jelly fish. I never,” said M.
Deibler, “had a more utter poltroon to
deal with.”
As for women, who have now and then
come to his scaffold, he dislikes intensely
to have anything to do with them; not so
much from sentimental reluctance to put
a woman to death as because, he said,
“they always cry, and make a noise, and
give themselves such airs.” He always
liked to have an execution go ofT quietly,
and in order. The newspapers often crit
icised him for being too slow in his work,
a charge which he resented as unjust.
“I do it,” he said, “just as quickly as it
can properly be done. I don’t enjoy lin
gering over it, you may be sure. It is not
particularly agreeable work. But suppose
I hurried, and something went wrong,
what a scandal there would be! 1 cannot
afford to take any such risks. So after my
assistants have placed the condemned man
on the sliding beard and bound him fast,
I must examine him carefully, and make
sure that tho.v have done all right. It is
a serious business, and I can run no risks.”
THE USE OF CUSTOM.
M. Deibler said that when he began his
work he felt a bit uneasy, but after five or
six executions he thought no more of it
than of smoking a cigarette, except, of
course, that ho felt tho responsibility rest
ing upon him. He never felt any morbid
interest in his work, however, and, con
trary to the general opinion, did not go
personally to the cell to lead tho con
demned man forth to his doom. lie
waited in an adjoining room until the man
was led forth by others. Moreover, he
said that if it were not his business he
would never go out of his way to witness
an execution. It is not. he said, a pleasant
sight, no matter how much the penalty is
deserved.
NOT DR. GCILLOTIX.
It is, by the way, a curious bit of his
torical injustice that the ghastly instru
ment which Monsieur de Paris operates
is called a “guillotine.” world has,
with great particularity of circumstance,
attributed tho invention and adoption of
it to Dr. Guillotin. As ft matter of fact,
however, that estimable patriot had no
such dubious distinction A year or so
ago a memorable Bust of Dr. Guiliotiu
was set 14) in tho Salle du Jeu de Paume
at Versailles. There cvero many who
protested, that it should be set up in the
prison off La Roquctte instead. There
upon M. Koujon, the directour des beaux
arts, made a careful investigation of the
matter, and gave to the world tho true
story of Dr. (luillotin and the engine
which briars his name.
Dr. tiunllotln. he says, was an honest
provincial practitioner, very patriotic,
very philosophical, ana. strange as it may
seem, very much averse to bloodshed.
When hn was elected a deputy lie sought
only to promote the welfare of humanity,
and was the author of several im|>orunt
social reforms. Up to that time crimi
nals belonging to tho nobility were put to
death by decapitation with ax or sword,
while poor folk were hanged, usuallv in
circumstances of great brutality. ‘ Dr.
Guillotin did not think this accorded
with the* principles of “Liberte. Egalite, I
EjAttrnirte. ” He, therefore, proposed a
ÜBjHiaicitig decapitation the penalty for |
all capital criminal*. This the assembly
adopted. Then he ureed that the execu
tion should be made as speedy and pain
less as i>ossible. With ax or sword
bungling blunders often occurred. But
he had seen on tiie stage of a
theater In a burlesque a machine
for chopping off heads or for pre
tending to ao so. Why not adopt it?
“With it,” he said, "heads could be
chopped off with the utmost dispatch and
without pain.”
The assembly at once voted to adopt this
suggestion, and so the machine came into
use. Forthwith someone wrote a comic
song about it, and dubbed it the guillotine,
and the name stuck to it. An attempt
was made to call it "Louisette,” after
Dr. Louis, who actually invented the first
model used in the theater, but it failed,
and the guillotine it has been called ever
since.
THE ORIGINAL GUILLOTINE.
There also has been a legend that Dr.
Guillotin himself was the first to die
under the machine; which is entirely un
true. The first man guillotined was a
common thief, who was put to death on
April 15, 1792, the machine working most
perfectly and amply vindicating Dr. Guil
lotin s predictions concerning it. As for
Dr. Guillotin. he became much disgusted
with the conduct of his revolutionary
friends, and unsparingly condemned the
wholesale butcheries of the reign of ter
ror. On this account he was arrested and
thrown into prison, condemned to death
and would doubtless havebeen guillotined
had not the terror been overthrown just
in time. On his release he retired from
political life, and devoted himself to
works of charity. Several years later he
died of fever, peacefully, in his own bed.
THE BUST AT VERSAILLES.
Why, then, was the bust of Dr. Guillo
tia erected at Versailles? To commemorate
his participation in a famous and import
ant historical incident. When Louis
XVI feared that the clergy would ally
themselves with the commons or Tiers-
Etat, in his newly formed parliament, he
ordered the Salle des Etats-Generaux of
Versailles to be closed. This aroused the
wrath of the deputies. They protested,
raged, marched about the streets of Ver
sailles crying out against the outrage.
Some proposed violent resistance. Others
suggested that they meet in orderly fash
ion and protest in legal form. But where
should they meet? At this juncture Dr.
Guillotin came forward.
“Citizens,” he said, “let us assemble
ourselves in the Salle du Jeu de Paume.”
What followed is a matter of history.
The scene has been immortalized by the
painter David. But the dominant spirit,
the guiding hand, the commanding voice
of the occasion were those of Dr. Guillo
tin. So it is eminently appropriate that
a memorial bust of him adorns to-day the
place where his great achievement was
effected.
CHIPS FROM CANDLER.
The Winter the Warmest in Many
Years—An Excursion Around the
Lake.
Candler, Fla., Jan. 12.—The present
winter, so far. has been the warmest in
many years. The weather for the past
three weeks has been like spring. The
lemon groves are putting on bloom, and
bananas, guavas, and all tender plants
are growing like summer.
A party of thirty-four, from this place,
principally winter visitors, made an ex
cursion around Lake Weir on Capt. Rus
sell's elegant little steamer Maggie.
They were all greatly delighted with the
lovely scenery around this the most beau
tiful lake in Florida.
About two-thirds of the -orange crop
from this section has been marketed.
Prices this season have not been as good
as last year. The fruit is of ex
cellent quality, and should sell well, but
the great depression in business and
scarcity of money is said to be the cause
why the fruit sells no better in the north
ern markets.
SCHAEFER TIES IVES.
They Must Now Play For First and
Second Money.
Chicago, Jan. 13.—The final game of the
triangular billiard tournament this even
ing attracted one of the largest au
diences of the week to Central Music
hall. The game was between Schaefer
and Ives. The latter had won
three games of the week, without
losing any, while Schaefer's score stood
two to one. Victory for Ives, therefore,
meant $1,500 and one-half of the net re
ceipts, while in the event of Schaefer’s
success the two stars would be compelled
to play again for first and sei ond monev.
The latter event is what will happen, as
the game went to Schaefer by a score of
600 to 599.
AUCTION SALES FUTURE DAYS.
PUBLIC SALE at
D, A. ALTICK’S SON’S
Carriage and Harness Repository, Broughton
and West Broad streets, Savannah, Ga.
I. D. & R. D. LaROGHE, Auctioneers.
Commencing on TUESDAY, Jan. 16, at 11 a m.
As I am closing out my business In Savan
nah, to devote my entire time and attention
to my wholesale trade. I offer my large stock
of BUGGIES. PHAETONS. WAGONS
CARTS. HARNESS. ETC At PUBLIC AUC
TION. Everything, including Desks. Safes
and other fixtures must be sold, as I have
given up the building t now occbpy. Goods
Eurchased at this sale can remain In the
uilding until Jan. 31. free of storage. Out of
town purchasers will be at no expense to have
goods crated and delivered at railroad or
wharf. Terms cash.
D. A. ALTICK'S SON.
_____ (W. B. ALTICK).
CIGARS, WINE, LIQOURSj
COUNTERS, ETC., AT AUCTION,
C. H. 003 SETT, Auctioneer,
Will seU on WEDNESDAY, 17th Inst., at 11
a m.. at 161 Congress, between Barnard and
Whitaker,
The entire contents of satd store, con
sisting of Wines and Liquors in barrels.
Cigars, Pipes, Empty Bottles, New Wine
Cases, 3 Counters, Shelving, Oas Fixtures,
Tables, Barrel Backs, Copper Measures,
Office Rail, Desks, Copying Press, StOTe,
etc.
HOTELS.
OPEN INTII. MAY.
HOTEL
CORDOVA,
St. Augustine.
One of the group of Spanish Moresque
palaces (Ponce de Leon, Alcazar, Cordovag
American plan. Rate— l3, (3 so. U per day
C. B. KNOTT, Manager.
Hotel Ponce de Leon will oDen Jan. tu. 1.-G4
RADWAY’S
11 READY RELIEF.
CURES ASD PREVENTS
Coughs,Colds, Sore Throat, Influ
enza, Bronchitis, Pneumonia,
Swelling of the Joints,
Lumbago, Inflammations,
RHEUMATISM, NEURALGIA.
Frostbites, Chilblains, Headache,
Toothache, Asthma,
DIFFICULT BREATHING.
CURES THE WORST PAINS in from one to
twenty minutes. NOT ONE HOUR after
reading this advertisement need any one
SUFFER WITH PAIN.
Kadwav’s Ready Relief is a Sure
Cure for Every Pain, Sprains,
Bruises, Pains in the Back,
Chest or Limbs.
AM. INTERN AL PAINS, Cramps In the
Bowels or Stomach, Spasms, Sour Stom
ach, Nausea, Vomiting, lioartburn, Diar
rhoea. Colic, Flatulency, Fainting Spells,
are relieved instantly and quickly cured
by taking Internally as directed.
There is not a remedial agent in the world
that will cure B'ever and Ague and all other
malarious, bilious and other fevers, aided by
KADWAV’S FILLS, so quickly as KAD
WAY’S RELIEF.
Fifty cents per bottle. Bold by all Drug
gists.
RADWAY St CO., 3a Warren street,
New York.
FURNISHING GOODS.
1 -THE-
LaFAR RELIABLE”
Hotter ood Men’s Furnistiar,
STILL OFFERS
RUNUP’S AND STETSON’S
FINE HATS,
And Men’s Underwear
REDUCED TO LOWEST FIGURES. .
LaFAR t 132 Broughton St.
BICYCLES.
AND
The Ben Hur
Will be Leaders
IN SAVANNAH
IN 1894.
Write for our elegant descriptive catalogue
CENTRAL CYCLE MANUFACTURING CO.,
INDIANAPOLIS, XND,
~ PEAS.
SEED "POTATOES:
Virginia Second Crop,
Aroostook and
Houlton Rose.
All carefully selected for seed.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES, HAY, GRAIN
AND FEED.
W. D. SISKINS,
173 and 173 BAY STREET.
FOR SALE.
CABBAGE PLANTS,
CABBAGE PLANTS,
Wc offer the public the following varieties
of Cabbage Plants, grown from seed procured
from the well known and reliable seed house
of Peter Henderson & Cos., of New York.
'] his lot of plants are grown in the open air
are thrifty and will withstand severe cold
weather without injury.
Henderson s Large Type Charleston Wake
field Cabbage.
Henderson's Sueoesslon Cabbage, the finest
Cabbage grown.
Henderson's Extra Early Express Cabbage.
Hendersons Extra Early Wenningstadt
Cabbage.
Henderson's Large Cabbage Lettuce.
Henderson's Big Boston Lettuce.
Price $2 per 1,OUO; lots of 5.00,1 and over *1 50
per 1,10). Special prices on lots of 50.000 and
over. Send all orders to •,
GERATY & TOWLES,
YOUNG’S ISLAND, S. C.
JEWELRY.
HOLiDfly GOODS.
Great Inducement* tn Diamond*.
. \,?ii ,alre Diamond Earrings $25, S2B, S3O, $36
to a pair.
Solitaire Diamond Rings $6, $lO, sls. #lB, S2O
125. up to atoo each.
All warranted Genuine Fine Diamonds
.Solid Gold Watches at most reasonable
prices Gold Filled Watches, from $lO up
Immense stock of Silver Novelties. Hat Pins
Hair Pins. Match Boxes, and hundreds of
° I VT mmgs, too numerous to mention. Solid
Gold. Pearl Handle Pens, tn cases, for $1 5U
Call and examine before buying
Also finest llfte of Silver ware at
DESBOUILLQNS’,
No. 2\ Bull Street.
educational.
THE ART IF~HpRESSicS
VOCAL AND PHYSICAL CULTURE,
STUDIES IN LITERATURE.
Private and class Instruction Friday* and
... Saturdays.
Miss Margaret Virginia Jenkins.
IN CHAROI OF
Department of P:xpreßsion.ChathamAcfifiF.in vr
ApplyFridayafteraoonsOglethorpeSenihiau
RAILROADS.
Msofie^
Si ftuoustlne
& Indian River
Rallwaj.
TIME TABLE IN EFFECT JAN, 11.
SOUTH BOUND.
I-t Jacksonville | 9 30a 2 25p'T5olTT*a
Ar St, Augustine.. Ml)soa 8 40b 1 7 00t>i0v*
Lv St. Augustine.. (hi 00a 346 p .... "
... Hastings 111 38a 4 25p . "
... East Palatka ... 112(ftp 4 50p .... hi’"''"
Ar Palatka (|l2sopi 510 pi... ■*
Lv Palatka f ‘ll 30al 4 16p ! ....
Ar San Mateo* ... I 1 csp' (Th/jr ~T —“3
Lv San Mateo* f lOSOaj 2 30p...!"K1111j
Ar Ormond 1 48pT6 33p **
...Daytona 2 13p 668 pi "
... Port Orange 227 p 7 12p [
...NewSmyrna 2SOp 7 85p|
Ar Lake Helen* I ' 4 30pl
Lv Lake Helen*.... f |U2Ca .] J
Ar Orange City*.... i 4 53p ]
Lv Orange City*.... (jllOSa
Lv New Smyrna 2 50p 7 35p . *
Ar Oak Hill 315 p 8 03p
...Titusville I 353 p 8 38p ""
Lv Titusville j 4 03p 8 88p .... 1
ArCity Point 437 p 9 32p ... """
...Cocoa 445 p 940 p 1
... Rockledge Hotels. 5 00p Dssp
... EauGallio 6 55p
... Melbourne 6 30p
...Sebastian 7 50p|
Pending the completion of the roadThrouS
to West Palm Beach Lake Worth-tin
steamers Santa Lucia and J. W. Sweeney ar,
appointed to leave Eau Gallie alterna elt
daily, ©xeept Sunday, on arrival of train %
for Jupiter and Intermediate landings on hi
Indian river.
WORTH BOUND.
| 70* | 501* 78* I 72* J
Lv .-ebastian \~lHi
Lv Melbourne j 831:,
.. EauOallie : 935,
... Rockledge Hotels 7 2Oa!lo2f*
...Cocoa 7 41a log,
... City Point 7 47a 103 t
Ar Titusville I 8 2ia II 3;,
Lv Titusville f 8 27a 1147,
Lv Oak Hill 910a 15 Tip
Ar New Smyrna 9 3fla I2 53p
Ar Orange City*.... I 10 36ajT5S
Lv Orange City*.... ( [nop,
Ar Lake Helen*.... ( 10 25a 430 p
Lv Lake Helen*.... ( Ill2oa
Lv NewSmyrna...., 930a 12Mp
... Pott Orange 9 58a' llSo
...Daytona 1018a I3!p
... Ormond 10 45a' isp
... East Palatka 12tip; Slip
Ar San Mateo*. 1 Fißp Tiop
Lv San Mateo* 1 103 a t !
Ar Palatka 1 12 sUpi4 k*
Lv Palatka 1 11 30a' Slip
Lv Hastings 12 45pT705p
Ar St. Augustine... 1 1 26p! 44Jp
Lv St. Augustine... .1 BSOa 0 35a 130pUsop
Ar Jacksonville 9 DOa 10 50a 2 4&p ; (|pp
■Ulaily. +Daily except Sunday. 1 Daily
oept Monday
JOSEPH RICHARDSON, *
General Passenger Agent
W. L. CRAWFORD.
General Superintendent.
DRY GOODS.
Pill
Kill
mi
ill
For Thirty Days,
Prior to annual inventory,
our entire winter stock of
Silks, Black and Colored
Dress Goods, Flannels,
Gloves, Hosiery and Wool*
en Underwear, Gents’ Fur
nishings, Blankets, Com
forts and Ladies’ and Chil
dren’s Cloaks,
Reduced from
25 to 35 PER CENT.
■p mis mm.
One dollar will do what
two formerly did, and dimes
have the purchasing power
of quarters and halves.
1 1 ■
FOR SALE.
fifals in *
V r
SOUTHERN COTTON OIL CD.
PRICE AT MILL.
For Loose Bulla „ 16c p**
For Baled Hull* 20c per
For Mixed Feed 46c p r 1
Drayage for I.OCIO pqunds or less, s**c *“
part of the city. ,
Telephone 237. Terms cash.