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AMERICA’S ONLY TEA GARDEN.
How the Chinese Leaf Is Grown Amid. the
Pines of South Carolina.
Vl.il 10 nr. rh.rlr. Slaep.rd-HI. Experiment. i„ Ten C.ltnre nn.l
Hoi... tor the Future of the lu.lo.tr> In , he | n , lea
Copyrighted.
s -imenille. S. C.. July 13,-How would
•e to piclt a cup of tea? Rather an
" isn't it, but that is what people
//,. m the odorous pine woods can
Ilu tivis are too accustomed to
home-grown beverage to care
/' oul the amusement, but the north-
CU /i->:-ts are pleased with the novelty,
*•“ , eW . A , r come to this section without
I”/ iin? Fine hurst in their itinerary, so
C " t 7 the folks "at home" that they
ved tea off the bushes.
*pnehurst: The name leaves a pleasant
/-•e on the tongue. Entering the South
o ;ma railroad train in the gloomy
Ciarleston depot, a ride of about forty
•aates through a country flat as a pan
with here and there a cypress marsh
* ’. ing t he whito monotony of the soil,
j\’ ng3 you to Summerville, the resort of
harleston’s elite in summer as well as
i/cr, where the pine needles cover the
Lund so thickly that one has to kick up
wo or three inches of them before he
Les to the light, sandy loam so common
L° the lowlands of the Carollnas. For the
onutit you notice little else but the tall
B ne trees. Then buildings appear here
‘ :i there in the forest, and a short walk
lr)ngi you to the Finey Woods Inn. with
es broad verandas and widely opened doors
„5 windows, through which the air, heav-
Jv laden with balsamic odor, is freely clr
culating- I f any one were to tell you that
./ ,ea you drink after your meal at the
j-n was grown, picked and cured within
t / ee miles of the table where you are
vou would probably ridicule him.
Tea on such a waste of land! Well, this
fc.ithern soil Is very deceptive, and what
(pMBI to be sterile ground has elements
that give strawberry plants, peach and
,/pe vines a vigorous and rapid growth.
th is immediate locality it brings
‘ the tea shrub, forcing it along so rap
/ • ti at the leaves are large enough to
| k (of market when It is three years
The onlv plantation on this continent
V .re tea' is grown successfully for the
market is not very large. Dr. Charles
f Shepard, who Is making tea culture
life work, thinks twenty-acres enough
11 lay out in gardens at present, though
eventually he expects to double this area.
And it is a queer looking patch, this twen
,v aeres. The. doctor has simply made a
clearing in the woods, and as the visitor
emerges from the trees into the open space
he hpcs what is apparently a stunted peach
orchard, only the leaves are too small and
of a very dark green. On a closer exami
nation the leaves resemble those on cur
rant bushes, though they grow on stalks
thick enough for tree branches. Some
plants aro as high as the waist, and some
n irly as high as the head. Planted at
regular Intervals and in rows witn
branches carefully pruned, they do resem
ble an orchard of small fruit trees with
the branches forking like peaches. But it
is not an orchard—it is a garden similar to
thousands in China and other Asiatic
cjuntries. It Is a genuine tea garden.
To those who have seen the cheap prints
ar. 1 China representations of tea hushes
growing on mountain sides, these straight
rows along the flat ground have ah unfa
miliar look, but it is the climate,
and not so much the "lay
of the land” thas fosters
them. Right in this climate Carolina forest
the temperature happens to be the best
in tlie country for tea growing—it Is just
about warm enough, and Just about moist
enough, and heat combined with moisture
ar- two special requirements to make
good tea leaves. The twenty acres of "gar
dens" contain several thousand "shrubs,”
ve will call them. From these the owner
he:-® tosecure this year about 1,000 pounds
of black tea, which will retail at $1 to sl.lO
per pound. Last year his crop was about
E." pounds from an area of fifteen acres.
This is considerably better than raising
co ton at the present prices, so he thinks.
The gardens contain shrubs raised from
tea seed imported from Japan. China, Cey
lon. Formosa and Assam, Asia; also what
are called Assam hybrids, which are con
f dered the most profitable, and Ceylon
hybrids, which are obtained by mixing the
feed of the pure Assam or Ceylon with
some other grade. The shrubs grow six
feet apart, as they require a large amount
of nourishment and “exhaust” a large area
of ground. Shingles or straw Is placed
over the plants when the first shoots ap
-1 -ar. and every care Is taken to protect
them from frost until they have reached
s hlght of two or three feet, when they
become fairly hardy, and can with
f and usually the changes of tempera
ture which occur during the year. The
shrubs can be grown by grafting,
but are less hardy than if raised by the
seeding process. When the shrub is about
three feet high, the “harvesting” of the
tea begins, and this is perhaps the most
Interesting stage of all. Armed with a
sharp knife, the field hand cuts off In May
shout half of the leaves and smaller
branches. If the growth has been healthy,
the shrub throws out anew foliage of
leaves at once. These are the tea leaves
bf commerce. They will run from one to
two inches in length, according to the va
ty They are picked off. as fast as they
t ech a suitable size, and the operation
Is repeated from May until October as of
|f n a! > the leaves come out. It Is termed
■lushing.’ The most profitable species
tjre naturally those that can bear the most
flushing. At Pinehurst seven is the larg
'st number of “flushes” during the sea
son.
It s during the picking season that you
-ofhi 6 Benu * ne Carolina pickaninny in
an his glory. Some of the urchins are not
? . as the rows of shrubs they are
,Tipping. Some are fat youngsters, with
black as ebony and shining like but
,n *he sunlight. Over a hundred of
i ! 1 into the patch as soon as day
' *' s through the pines, and at It they
ho , me have a coat, shirt and trousers;
! ,'” e have Just the shirt and trousers,
v. ‘ e bt’Ckalonally you will run across a
• . ir/i?' ro S u iah little rascal. Just able
w ’mue about, in a dirty cotton “shift,”
i ‘ . mammy” has put him there to
him out of the way.
,; n °r / the Boys and girls pick
lve pounds yer day, making
f ,.. bents. The average Is nearer
,-rJ poun ds dally, however, which, when
e b pidng IR ° Untß to alx,ut two Pounds for
l n lf .v° u fhonld chance to visit Pinehurst
PI, 'Ln kln * season you would see a
l; ? ht m, man of middle age, with
h Lr' loving around, with a soft
> ill „ , ? ovcr his brow to shut out the
iP. ,'ands stuffed Into the pockets of
fath-r , breasted jacket. This is the
5i..,,.h °" tea Browing in America.” Dr.
a: mi , to be all over the place and
1 ' .in'm. |j e follows every detail of the
1, • of ten showing some picker the
op- o °f doing the work. Then he goes
low h , 10 "factory” and the visitors fol
rhid *“ a frame building standing
ttl ,be trees. Here the leaf is wither-
J 61n S spread on the floor of a large
hn*H " hen 11 begins to roll in the
' tvT * p ‘ ece of fl "e kid it Is wlth
i th „ '~, ’en It is rolled by machinery and
! when and . J a ,C . e> extracted. These Juices
w hen f r,ed Ktve the leaf its peculiar flavor.
A”® 8 are then sifted and "nred,” or
thoroughly heated, also by machinery.
™ , f one under the doctor s personal
supervision, as upon the process depends
much of the flavor and coloring. The
*® aveß fro strewn on metallic sheets and
placed in a receptacle hot enough to bake
potatoes. The sheets are moved from time
to time and the rolled leaves stirred bv a
certain method so that all receive a uni
form treatment. A few moments too much
or too little of this "firing" may spoil the
fla% or and the color. The utmost delicacy
and accuracy arc required, and when the
work is over the expert can easily tell by
his senses of smell and taste Just about
what price per pound the "batch” will
sell for. After firing the tea Is ready to be
Pfcked and shipped. The total cost of
picking and curing a pound of Pinehurst
tea is about 20 cents. When It sells at $1
per pound a handsome profit is realized.
Perhaps Dr. Shepard may consent to re
turn to the inn with you. He is fond of
spending pan of his leisure time there,
and, as he settles down In one of the big
chairs on the veranda and puts his feet on
the railing, all you have to do Is to keep
still, to hear more about tea than you could
get out of a year’s study of the encyclo
paedias. He will tell about his first visit
to the Ashley river—he has been all over
the Carolina country—where stands a tea
tree which was planted in 1804. and is now
over twenty feet high, though the leaves
are not good for steeping purposes. This
is probably the first of Its kind in America,
and It gave him the Idea that tea could be
raised and have a commercial value. He
brought his knowledge of botany and
chemistry into play, and, after a careful
calculation, fixed upon Pinehurst as the
right spot for his experiments. He owns
a) acres of the pine lands in that locality.
But here is his hobby. It is to prepare an
American tea which will bring S2O per
pound from the consumer. “We do not
begin to get the best teas from China and
Japan,” he says. "They send us the
sweepings and the most inferior grades.
The Japanese would not think of drinking
a cup of the beverage we call Japan tea.
They have mandarin teas, used by the
higher classes, which sell at from $5 to $lO
per pound In their country. I feel convinc
ed that I can raise even a better grade
here, which will realize S2O per pound If
cured properly. Of course, it will require
elaborate preparation, but the result Is
worthy of the experiment.”
The home of the pioneer tea grower is
also an attractive spot, a few hundred
yards from the factory. Surrounded by
the great pines, its architecture of the
Queen Anne period, with wide verandas
and ornamental roof, it Is, Indeed, a pleas
ant contrast to the motonoy of the forest.
The grounds have been laid out carefully!
and the white sand has been fertilized,
so that flower beds and shrubberv flourish
luxuriantly, relieved by patches of green
sward. Dike all southern homes in this
section, the house is built of pine and fin
ished In natural wood, and, with its
grounds, forms an Ideal abode for all sea
sons of the year.
And If Invited to take a of tea with
the doctor, don’t refuse, for If you never
drank the genuine before, you will here.
D. Alien Willey.
SHE IS 8 FEET
A Missouri Giantess Who Will Not
Enter n Mnseuni or Clrens.
From the Baltimore Sun.
A young woman of 20 years, who lives
in Plnce, Mo., is more than eight feet tall.
Miss Ella Ewing is her name. She was
educated In the remote settlement and will
not leave It. Thus it happens that very
few people have ever seen Miss Ewing,
although her fame has spread far and
wide by word of mouth.
To be more exact on the subject of Miss
Ewing, It may be mentioned that although
she weighs 290 pounds, her hlght of eight
feet two inches saves her from any appear
ance of obesity. On the contrary, she
impresses one as gracefully slender, and
this impression Is confirmed by her taste
in dressing. Miss Ewing prefers quiet col
ors in her attire. Her hair is usually seen
coiled closely about her head and curled
In front. Her features are naturally large
—otherwise they would be insignificant.
Her eyes are of that varying hue common
to neither the blonde nor brunette type of
beauty, but suggestive of a combination
of both. Her hands are large, but they
taper in the fingers, and never seem un
gainly. She wears rings on three of her
fingers, and not Infrequently Jeweled
bracelets adorn her wrists. Her shoe is
seventeen inches long exactly, and her
arms are decidedly lengthy.
But impressive as these physical charac
teristics of the young lady are, they would
not have given her anything but notoriety
were they not combined with qualities to
which she is indebted for her fame as the
saintly giantess. The Rev. George W.
Sharp, one of the most successful of the
missionaries of the American Sunday
School Union, has had occasion to pay a
glowing tribute more than once to the
record Miss Ewing has made in her church
work.
In the matter of physical strength, this
young girl might arouse the jealousy of
even Mr. Sandow. The tasks which two
men together might feel an embarrass
ment In undertaking are acompllshed by
her with the utmost ease. There Is some
difficulty in being precise on this point,
however, because the young lady shrinks
from any display of her accomplishments
in this direction. The fact that she is a
giantess, and a saintly one in the bargain,
is not an occasion of fake pride In her.
On the contrary she is averse to notice
of this sort, and that is why her excur
sions are rarely further off than the coun
try round about her village home. She
will not be Induced to enter a circus or
to exhibit herself, notwithstanding the
temptating offers that have been made
her. Her feats of strength, therefore, have
not been seen except by her Immediate
friends.
Mr. and Mrs. Ewing, the parents of this
wonderful girl, are devoted to their child,
and feel a great pride in all her qualities.
Her father is himself six feet high and the
mother is of more than medium hlght.
—New man on morning paper—What are
the office hours here?
Old man (carelessly)—Oh, only from three
to four.
New man—That’s good.—Somerville
Journal.
Delicate.—" Mister,” said Reginald de
Bumrae to the man who looked as if he
must be a college professor, "have j’ou
the price of a shave?”
"Why, what do you want with a shave?”
”1 didn’t say I wanted a shave. I said
I wanted the price of a shave. The price
of a shave bein’ 10 cents, and the price
of a drink bein' 10 cents, the two phrases
are practically synonymous and I merely
took the liberty of substituting one for
the other for the sake of euphony. See?”
—Washington Sw.
THE MORNING NEWS: SUNDAY, JULY 14, 1895.
THE OLD GREEK BACK PARTY.
Brief Sketch of the Organisation.
i-ikt the Free Silver Movement.
From the Washington Star.
"The present free silver craze which is
sweeping some parts of the country Is
strikingly analagous to the greenback
movement.” said an old politician to a
Star reporter to-day. "The greenback
craze had its origin and got Us growth
out of almost exactly sinjilar conditions
with the boom for free silver. It was ,
Just about twenty-one years ago that the
discontent with the financial condition ex- I
isting at that time brought about the
greenback craze.
At Indianapolis, Nov. 25, 1874, there was
a meeting of some discontented spirits
who wanted to revise the financial policy
of the government. Those who attendeJ
the meetings were largely Indiana poli
ticians, and not leaders in politics, at that,
but there were some outsiders, notable
among them being Solon Chase of Maine.
Not over forty men assembled in responre
to the call which had been Issued by E.
A. Flleman and James Buchanan of Indi
ana. They remained in session for two
days, formulated a platform, appointed an
executive committee to organize a national
party, and recommended the calling of a
general convention at Cleveland the fol
lowing year.
“At the outset the new party was rather
vague in Its principles. They had a gen
eral idea that they wanted an unlimited
issue of paper money based upon the credit
of the nation. They demanded that the
gold in the treasury should be used for the
retirement of all the gold bearing bond3.
It was their idea that the legal tender
notes should be taken up immediately,
and In their place there should be an Is
sue of 3.65 interest bearing bonds. They
proposed to make these bonds convertible
Into greenbacks. This was to be done by
giving the holder authoßiy to present
the bonds at the treasury, get the money
for them, and then, after while, if he got
‘flush’ again, he could turn his money in
to the treasury and get interest bearing
bonds again.
"The next move of the new party was
to throw out a sop to the labor classes.
They proposed to undertake vast national
improvements, ship canals, water ways,
and among other things a railway from
San Diego, California, to a port In Geor
gia. This railroad was to be operated by
the government, and would be a check
upon the monopoly of existing overland
lines. All these Improvements were to be
paid for by another issue of 3.65 bonds
and in the meantime the national hanks
and gold bearing securities would be ex
tinguished.
“A combination was Anally made be
tween the greenbacks and some of the la
bor classes attracted by the scheme of na
tional improvements and other discon
tented elements, and a national conven
tion was held In Indianapolis in the middle
of May, 1876. About one hundred and thir
ty-five delegates were present, coming from
sixteen or eighteen states. But they claim
ed to represent a large following at homo
and like the silver leaders of to-day, spoke
’in the name and behalf of millions of op
pressed voters. It was at this convention
that Gen. Weaver first came to the front.
Ignaelous Donnelly of Minnesota was
made temporary chairman, and James Du
rant, an ex-judge and subsequently promo
ter of legislation, became president of the
convention. The convention was very much
encouraged to receive letters from Ben
Butler of Massachusetts. W. D. Kelly of
Pennsylvania, and Gov. Booth of Californ
ia, which they construed Into expressions
of sympathy. There were communications
also from some republicans of prominence
who were wavering a little from their al
legiance. The convention tried to ring in
Wash McLean of Cincinnati and Gov. Al
len of Ohio on the movement, but they
were too wary and the greenbackers had
to be content to accept Peter Cooper as
their candidate for the presidency. Samuel
Carey of Ohio, a man of some prominence
at that time, took the second place on the
ticket.
"The campaign came off at the time of
the Tilden-Hayes contest, and when the
votes were counted at the election it was
found that the greenbackers had only poll
ed a little over 80,000 votes, contributed by
the states of Michigan, Kansas. lowa, Il
linois and Indiana. After this the green
backers saw up active efforts for a vear or
two. Their quiescent state was of short
duration, however. Events soon brought
about an opportunity for a revival of their
cause.
"The labor troubles of 1877, the great
railway strikes and the general discon
tent existing among the laboring men
enabled the greenbackers to make a
combination with the National Labor
Union, and they went into the campaign
with renewed hope. The result was the
election of fourteen congressmen on the
greenback-labor ticket. It was this wave
that brought Gen. Weaver to congress,
and he immediately assumed the leader
ship of the party. His agitation of the
principles of greenbackism led to his nom
ination for the presidency in 1880, and the
inauguration of another campaign.
"The election showed that the labor
people had parted company with the
greenbackers in the meantime. Weaver's
vote showed a falling off from 1,000,000
votes in 1878 to less than 200,000 In 3880,
and the congressional lepresentation was
reduced to eight members. From that
time on the party steadily declined. The
men who were prominent in It passed out
of politics, and, with the sole exception
of Weaver none of the names would prob
ably be recognized by the politicians of
to-day.
“It will be the same way with the lead
ers of this silver movement, I prophesy.
High water mark has already been
reached and the wave is now subsiding.
The men who were most active and most
prominent in it will be forgotten in a few
years or sunk into the oblivion of a move
ment which could not stand the test of
public opinion. Some sincere men there
were, of course, in it, and long after the
tidal wave has disappeared they will
stand as gauges to mark the hlght which
the flood once reached, and which, upon
subsiding, left them high and dry.
“There will always be a discontented
element in this country, advocates of fiat
money and a nucleus of the old greenback
movement will always be here, either In
its greenback form or In its free silver
shape. At times of great public depress
ion you may look for periodical revivals
of the craze. But I do not believe that
It will ever again assume such serious
and threatening aspects as were present
ed by the late silver movement—l think
we can safely use the word ‘late’ as desig
nating the silver craze now.”
HARRISON A FOE TO WHEEL WO.MEN
The ex-president Objects to Femi
nine Cyclists and Gnm-Chetvers.
From the New York World.
Indianapolis, July s.—lt was said here
to-day that while President Harrison was
at Dana last week, hunting, the subject
of bicycling came up for discussion, and he
expressed himself most emphatically upon
it, taking the ground that It was ungrace
ful In ladles to ride bicycles.
He is reported to have said that he did
not believe there could ever be anv love
matches made on wheels, and the tlmo of
late when he most wished that he had his
gun was when he saw a woman riding a
wheel and chewing gum.
The statement is hardly credited by his
friends, but people at Dana say that the
conversation took place and he expressed
himself unreservedly as given here.
Mrs. McKee took lessons In bicycle riding
for several weeks, and Is said to be quite
proficient, though it is not known that
she has ever ventured out upon the road
with her wheel. J
A TIME TO TELL THE TRUTH.
THE VALUE OF STATEMENTS MADE
l FUN THE GALLOWS.
Have the Possibilities of the In
known the Power fo Suppress tlie
Continued Knt.lt of Ljing In Men
About to He Executed f
From the New York Sun
Buchanan's asseveration a few moments
before his execution that he was innocent
of the crime for which he was about to
dte, suggested the other evening a discus
sion of the value of statements made by
men about to be put to death. One of those
who took part in it said:
"I have seen thlrty-elx men hanged by
due process of law. and do not recall
a single instance in which the culprit at
that solemn moment, with his toes al
ready over the brink of eternity's abyss,
falsely affirmed his Innocence. Some con
fessed their guilt openly; others only to
their spiritual advisers; not a few kept
sullen silence; and there were those who,
though admitting their crimes, protested
against their execution as an Injustice, be
cause they deemed themselves Justified in
what they had done. In fact, the only
one who, the moment before death, stoutly
averred his innocence really was guiltless
of the crime for which he was hanged.
There is In every man sufficient apprehen
sion of the dread possibilities of the un
known Into which he Is about to plunse
to suppress even the most confirmed habit
of lying. And there is no incentive to in
dulge it. The man about to be hanged may
all his life long have considered a lie as
Queen Elizabeth defined it, an intellectual
method of evading a difficulty, but the
difficulty in which he finds himself is, as
he knows too painfully well, not to be
escaped from by any such method.
"It may be said that he Is liable to lie in
order that the shame of nls untimely end
may rest less heavily upon loved ones. In
rare Instances that Is possibly true, but
hardly In the case of a fellow like Buchan
an. If there ever is a moment In life when
one of his character is compelled to feel
that he ‘flocks all alone by himself It is
when the noose is about his neck. The
poisoner is always tJte meanest sort of as
sassin, most cowardly when brought face
to face with fate, least likely to take
thought for the feelings of others. He W’ill
lie stoutly so long as any hope remains that
a lie will help him, but when his feet enter
the shadow of inevitable death he cringes
and confesses, or else abject terror so
overwhelms him that his mind seems
paralyzed to all consciousness other than
contemplation of the horror before him.
and he dies without either confession or
denial.
“A wife poisoner named Stevens, who
was hanged in the Tombs a great many
years ago, was an illustration of that des
picable class. As was proved beyond doubt
on his trial, he had. while tenderly nurs
ing his Invalid wife, patiently and slowly
stolen her life away by means of minute
doses of poison, continuously admlnlster
ered In her medicines and food. He was a
pious man, and prayed for her recovery.
Between prayers he gave her some more
arsenic, until she died. When the time
came for him to die he fairly collapsed in
cowardly fear, and became almost a gib
bering idiot. Liquor was administered
to brace him up so that he might walk
from his cell to the gallows, but even then
he had to be supported cn both sides, prac
tically carried and held up while the noose
was put about his neck. A more contempti
ble wretch never contaminated the old
Tombs gallows
“In splendid contrast to him was a poor
negro I saw, to my sincere sorrow, hang
ed on that same gallows. His name was
Hawkins, and a finer specimen of the
dear-blooded Afrlttn I have never lie
held. He yvas tall, had a fine figure, and
a very intelligent, kindly face. The story
of his crime, as the law termed the de'd
for which he suffered, was very simple
and one that won the sympathies of all
right-minded men who heard it. He had
been employed as cook on a coaster, bound
from New York to New Orleans. The
master of the vessel was a malignant
brute, who was cruel to all his men, but
most merciless to the poor negro, whom
he esteemed most defenseless of all. It
amused him to deal a savage blow or a
violent kick to the black cook, to hurl a
belaying pin or other missile at his head,
and to see him jump In fear or wlnce
with pain. All that the unfortunate man
endured without even thought of retalia
tion. Hut one day the fiendish skipper
devised a more exquisite torture for his
victim. He swore that when they reached
New Orleans he would sell him Into slav
ery. That was before the war. and Haw
kins knew that if the wretch were so mind
ed he could execute his threat, and that
no protestations of being a free man would
avail against the false claim of ownership.
And he did not doubt that for the price
he would bring, the captain would be ca
pable of any crime, ever a far greater one
than selling a free man into lifelong slav
ery, which the brute would deem a Joke.
The threat, under such circumstances,
might well have made the man desperate,
but there were further considerations to
madden him. In New York, awaiting his
return, were a wife and little child, whom
he loved dearly, and he was to see them
no more. When he thought of them he
becqme frenzied, and, seizing a hatchet
he chopped that captain's head into pieces.
"They brought him back to New York,
tried him, and condemned him to death.
But he had the happiness of seeing his
loved ones again, and was sustained by
the consciousness of having done a good
deed. The preachers and some amateur
soul savers swarmed about him. urging
him to repent of his sin and be one of the
redeemed, -but he calmly put them all
aside, thanking them courteously for their
well meant attentions, but firmly refusing
to be bothered by them.
" ’I do not repent of what I have done,’
he said, 'and the great Judge, who knows
all the facts, will not expect me to. I did
what was right, what I would under the
same circumstances do again and would
have been no man had I not done it.’
"His keepers were kind to him, letting
him see his wife and child as much as pos
sible, and when he learned that some pro
vision had been made for their future, he
seemed content and happy. When the hour
of his execution arrived, he walked out to
the gallows with as firm tread and calm
demeanor as ever In his life he had stepped
on the street. The noose was upon his
neck, the black cap on his brow, and he 1
stood under the gailow's beam with no
more bravado than fear in his manner
when the United States marshal asked
him If he had anything to say before the
sentence of the law was executed upon
him.
"He spoke at least twenty minutes, ut
tering no complaint against the cruel un-
Justice of his fate, but making an eloquent
plea for the reformation of the law and
customs by which the masters of vessels
Irrespective of their character, had des
potic power at sea over the men under
their command. He passed lightly over
hts own case, as too familiar to his hear
ers already to be worth mentioning, but
cited many other illustrative of the gross
abuse of power of brutal captains, and the
most lie said for himself was an expression
of hope that his death might perhaps be
of some service in awakening the humane
feeling of the community to a realization
of the evil conditions existent in our mer
chant marine. His little speech was de
livered with not one trembr in his voice
or qulvor of the pinioned hands behind
him. When It was done he bowed again
to the marshall and said, with a smile:
"X am at your rvl, sir."
"The black cap was drawn down over
his eyes, the signal given, and he dangled
In the air a corpse. The law was satia
(led. but there were tears of sympathy for
that brave man In the eyes ot many who
witnessed his death.
"I mentioned the hanging of on* Inno
cent man as having been witnessed by me
He was a poor, shiftless, nc’ar-do-well
named Leg. who was hanged at Wauke
gan. 111.. In 1865. for the supposed murder
of an old widow named Ruth Briden. for
whom he worked on her farm. That he
was last, worthless, abjectly poor, and
liable to get drunk when kind fortune gave
him a chance, was all true, but no aet of
violence was ever known to have been per
petrated by him. and though much effort
was expended upon trying to make him
out a petty thief, even that was not proved.
He hadn't energy enough to kill anybody,
oven If he could have got as much as slo—
would have been a fortune to him—
by It. And he hadn't any temper. There
was absolutely no object for him to kill
the old woman, no discoverable good ex
cuse for supposing he might have done it.
beyond the fact that he was near enough,
somewhere about the farm at the time
when she was supposed to have been
killed, and could have killed her
If so minded. The circumstan
tial evidence on his trial—and there was
no other—amounted to that and nothing
more. But the sense of the community was
that somebody ought to be hanged for a
murder, and he could be spared better
than anybody else at hand. I studied the
evidence In the case very closely and could
not see any other basis for the verdict of
guilty recorded against him. And 1 said
as much to the deputy sheriff the night
before the execution, at the same time
pointing out a man who would have de
rived benefit from the old woman's death,
a man of means, who was particularly
zealous in pressing for the poor vagabond's
conviction.
" 'Of course,' I said, ‘lt's no concern of
mine, but that Is the man who killed Ruth
Briden. and Lee did not.'
"The deputy was very much amused and
laughed heartily at me. The next morning
thoy led the prisoner up stairs from his
cell to the court room, where In the wide
doorway dangled the noose that was to
take his life. Bright sunshine flooded the
little hall whese truth had been twisted to
a lie and Justice had thrown away her
scales. Through the open windows floated
the songs of birds and the laughter of
children from the trees and grass of the
court house square. The poor wretch stand
ing In the door with the fatal cord about
his neck, looked his last upon the light,
listened to the sweet sounds, and sighed.
Then there was moisture dimming his eyes,
but no apparent fear, as he looked toward
heaven and said simply. In a clear, steady
voice:
•' 'I call God to witness my Innocence of
the crime for which 1 am about to die.”
"The sheriff gave a signal and In a few
minutes the vagabond's heart had ceased
to beat. Six months later, In Chicago, I
met the deputy sheriff to whom I had
avowed my belief In the man’s Innocence.
He was a big. hearty, manly looking fel
low, with a frank, open countenance. Tak
ing my hand, he said, abruptly, as If I
must, of course, be thinking of what was
uppermost In Ids mind and understand In
tuitively what he referred to:
“ "What you said raised doubts In my
mind, and the more 1 thought of It the
more It troubled me. and at last I set to
work to find out the truth. I've spent more
than $l,lOO out of my own pocket on It In
detectives and travel and so on. And I'm
convinced you were right. Though I can't
prove it on him. 1 know who killed Ruth
Briden and why he did It. As for poor Lee
well. God help us; we hanged an Innocent
man that day.’ ”
MODERN HIFI.E BULLETS.
They MnUe Clean-Cut Wounds Thai
Are Easily Healed.
From the British Medical Journal.
The modern military small bore rifle,
with Its armored bullet with a mantle of
steel, copper or nickel, Is the result of a
process of evolution Into the details of
which we need not hero enter. The reduc
tion in caliber has gone on steadily, and
It is a question whether the limit has yet
boen reached. Italy and Uoumanla have
adopted a caliber of no more than .256
Inch, tho American navy Is about to be
armed with a rifle, of only .203-tnch caliber,
and Kruka and Hebler have obtained bal
listic results with a bullet of only .198-inch
caliber, which are unapproachstJ by pro
jectiles of larger size. Practically now the
armies of all civilized 'nations are armed
with weapons whose caliber Is under .315
Inches or 8 mm.
In great measure our knowledge of the
surgical results of this marked reduction
of caliber Is based on theory, or the re
sults of experiments on tho bodies of men
and animals. At all times the character
of a bullet wound depends on the weight
form, density and velocity of the projec
tile, ami on the hardness or resistance of
the part hit. TJie comparatively large,
soft bullets of the older and larger bored
rifles, moving at a relatively moderate
velocity, produced wounds with the char
acter of which most medical men are fa
miliar. But the new rifles of reduced cali
ber. increased range, velocity and penetra
tion. with hard mantled bullets, Introduce
new factors of importance from the surgi
cal point of view.
The softer and large-bore bullets produce
wounds characterized by a broad zone of
devitalized tissue about the point of en
trance, with a wound canal lacerated by
the easily deformed ball, extensively splin
tered bones, great explosive action, an
aperture of exit much lacerated and gap
ing widely, and with relatively little hem
orrhage. In the case of direct hits the
action of the new bullets may be summed
up by saying that they produce clean-cut.
slightly lacerated wounds of tho soft
parts, exert less explosive action, and
splinter and displace bones less, except at
short ranges. Their wounds offer the best
possible conditions for rapid and perfect
healing, being small, aseptic as a rule,
and clean cut, but prone to bleed freely
and at once.
At long ranges, toward the end of their
flight, these long, thin bullets tend to
somersault, and. by striking sideways, of
ten produce extensive splintering and com
minution of bone. Indirect and ricochet
hits with these npw and mantled bullets
are especially to be feared, as contact
with any hard substance Is sure to split the
mantle, and the naked and deformed bul
let core then acts like the hollow-point
bullets of express rifles. This Is a factor
which may cause protective works to lose
much of their value when attacked by
troops armed with these small caliber
rifles.
The Increased explosive action given to
the new bullets by Increased velocity Is
more than counterbalanced by their les
ser liability to become deformed; hence
their explosive action Is, on the whole,
less marked and less uniformly shown
than that of the older kind. It occurs
chiefly In the skull and In connection with
the bones. In respect of this action on
bones, especially long bones. It Is prob
able that experiments made on horses,
whose bones are much stronger and more
resistant than those of man, have given
us exaggerated Ideas of the effects of the
small bullets on these tissues, but, even
so, the extensive Assuring and comminu
tion are so severe that considerable ac
tual experience Is needed before we can
be Justified in regarding the new arm of
small caliber a* in any way minimizing
the horrors of war.
Simplicity.—“Wlfey, dear, the eggs are
not exactly fresh!"
"How can you talk like that, hubby?
The cook'fetched them from the shop only
a quarter of an hour ago!”—Zeitgeist.
Plant System
_ Tl—ln t- fT rt June jj. IMHi —l ime hown at Mtnnnh tHth n7rl4ha.
GOING &OCfH—ltl An DOWN. utnifii MREAD CP. "
•* ist i s* | a* : rji* i r** " j ra*aj j uj tss
I r tnopm j'fam I,t .New Vork ..r'l 23poC sttamj... ....T ..
I lSiflam II Itaro LvPblladlpnlsAr 10 Pam 315 am
j I 25uam 21 pm l.v Baltimore .Ar luUam IMMiL
1 IXftani *il pm I.r . Richmond A r 34Uam 6 45pm
••• • •• 1 4 20pm 12 53am Lv Fav'ftevlllcAr 836 pm It) 55am (
TSOpn T.vm 2 30pm 11 15pm 5 07a:n I,v Charleston A r 4 54pm 5 08am II *)am 111 25 pll 82pm
e*pm 6 15am MOpm 'Lv Augusta ..Ar ...! 12 20pm|l 25pm I uOam
sa.im * loam 2 45pm ILv. Beaufort Asj 873 pm 10.VtamJO50 a IftSoom
Bopm 9" an. 345 pm 12 (Aan. 6item Ar Yemass-c .Lv 2unpin I l.'srn s 15am 9 15am 8 50pm
ssopm 8 Item 3 Spin 1; OSam 6<ram Lv.. Yemassee Ar HOpm 1 42am 8 loams bOaro is 40pm
10 45pm II lam .5 15pm 1 Ivam 7 "sam!Ar aaauß Lv IS39pm I2 loam 6 luamjH Mam 1 6 46pm
28( I h' | j 23* | 35* | | JBC* I jgj-j 39* |
t I.spm I 4 pn, 6'Cpm 2 15am 7 Yam l.v Savannah .Ar It IVpaTlTi-Vpiir - * tsam 9 00pm ...
Jigpnv .5 f Ipm 7 45pm, 35-am V ;.'m Ar Jexup. Lv 10 53am limipm 49am rtsspm!
” 15pm 7.5 pm, 565 pm 5 1 5 am 1022 m Ar .Waycroas ,I.v lOuOam 8.5.5 pm 5 ,oam
T36pm f | 7 loam Ar. Brunswick Lv suuam Csopm ~i |
I ftiamj 2 20pm A r Albany ..Lv... I Lam 1 35pm
M.am; I BHOpm Ar.. .Tampa . .Lv 800 pm s 15am
1 840am 1 1 8 30pmAr. Port Tampil.v 7 lOpm 7 30am
8 liptn 7 SAam'lf Ikipni ArJacksonvtlleLv sUOam^s 2opml
■... 143 pm Ar ...Ocala Lv 12 42pm:
2.oam ....... 100 pm ..... Ar . Sanford ..Lv 126 am IDOpmj
®4sam 4100 pm Ar Tampa Lv 538 pm 8 I.sam:
9luam 610 pm, .......'Ar TU. Hotel Lv; 525 pm 7 59am
40am 1 6 3 pml ;Ar Port TampaLv 600 pm! 7soaml
lOVipm] |l2 19pmlXr Valdosta Lr’ TTTTTTT. .7 335 am 334 pm! .......
M 00am| 320 pm Ar. Mnnliretlo Lv 12 n n
1110 am 3 04pmjAr Hambrldge.Lv I lOnm 12 53 p
655 am: 8 45pa> Ar Montgom'rvLv I 7 40pm 7 10am
12 25pm 305 am Ar. Mobile Lvi 1225pmJ2 20 a
lOOpir. 1 UOamArChattanoogaLv I 30pm 2 3oam
72,ipmi 6 20am Ar.. Nashville Lv 7 30am 9 lOpm
•Dally. ♦Daily except Sunday. (Sunday only. Trains 5, 6. 13. 14. 17. 18. 25. 23.57. 58 and 38 stop
at all stations train 16 leaves 5 emaasee daily except Sunday at 3.50 p m for Charleston. Train
15 leaves Charleston daily oxcept Sunday at 7o> a m for Youiassoe Trains 5 and 6 connect to
and from Walterioro, S. C. Train 32 connects for Beaufort dally except Sunday Tain 302
imlxedi leaves Savannah at 7 10 a m dally excetp Sunday for Waycrosa. makes all local stops;
and train soil imlxedi from Wavero daily except Sunday, arrives In Savannah at 4 35 p. m.
Sleeping Car Service and Connections - Trains 23 and 78 carry I'ullman buffet sleeping cars
between New Vork and Jacksonville via Atlantic Coast Line and Plant System. Trains 35 and 32
carry Pullman buffet sleeping cars between Now York and Tampa Hay Hotel and Port Tampa
via Atlantic Coast Line and Plant System s New West Coast Route via Dupont. High Springs.
Juliette and Lakeland Trains 57 and 78 carry Pullman bullet sleeping cars between savan
nah and 'lamps via West Coast Route, Dupont. High Springs. Juliette and
Lakeland. Tram 35 connects at Wayerosswlth Pullman buffet sleeping ear to Cincin
nati vis Thoniativtlle. llainbrldgr. Montgomery and Louisville Train 57 connects at Waycross
with Pullman buffet sleeping cars as follows To St. Louis, via Thomssvllte. Balnbrldge, Mont
gomery and Nashville; lo Nashville, via Tifton. Macon, Atlanta and i hattanooga; to Atlanta,
viaTlfton and Macon Train* 57 and 58 have Plant system Reclining Chair cars FREE be
tween Savannah and Montgomery.
rickets sold to all points and sleeping car berths secured at passenger station and tleket
office, De Soto Hotel. Telephone No. 73.
W. V. HFSEY, E. A ARMAND,
District Passenger Agent City Ticket Agent
B. W. WRENN, H C. McFADDEN.
Passenger Traffic Manager. Assistant Gen. Pass. Agent
Florida Central Peninsular Railroad Cos.
iTrains run on tOih meridian time, which is one hour slower than Savannah city time)
TUnc Table in r.fleet July 8, i81)5.
I Train | Train I Train I Train '
NORTH | 36 1 38 SOUTH. 37
Lv Jacksonville 6 2(1 pm i 73U am Lv sow Vork 1215 am 4SO pm
Lv Kernandina *63)pmj 7 35am Lv Philadelphia,,., 7 20am 655 pm
Lv Yuiee 7U6 pm 812 am Lr Hultlmoro .. .. 942 am 620 pm
Lv Brunswick 715 pm I 840 am Lv Washington 1115 am 10 43 pm
Lv Everett 845 pm! 9 5.5 am Lv Asheville 630 pm
Lv Darion *415 pin j*Bso am Lv Spartanburg 10 35 pm
Ar savannah 10 31 pm| 11 42 am Lv Columbia 130 am 12 10 pm
Lv Savannah.! ..V 10 4 ipm II smm Ar Savannah >46 am 450 pm
Ar Fairfax, S. C 12 36 am 141 pm Lv Savannan. 565 am 458 pm
Ar Augusta Ar Darion ’ll 09 am • 7 15 pm
Ar Denmark, S. C 122 am 225 pm Ar Everett 742 am 702 pm
Ar Columbia. S. C 255 am 4 oupm Ar Brunswick 745 pm
ArSpartanburg.s e 6 20am Ar Yuloe 940 am 852 pm
Ar Asheville. N. O 1000 am Ar Kernandina*
Ar cnarioite. a. C ~ 'Yoi nm" 8 2ljS> Ar Jacksonville >O3O am 840 pm
Ar Salisbury. N. C 847 am 988 pm Ar Lake City It 56 am
Ar Greensboro, N. C 10 15 am 10 48 pm Ar Live Oxk 12 40 pm
Ar Danville. Va 1140 am 1200 n't Ar Montloello 252 pm
Ar Richmond, Va 440 pm 600 am Ar Tallahassee 537 pm
Ar Lynchburg, Va 115 pm 1.53 am Ar River Junction 515 pm
Ar Charlottesville, Va 404 pm 335 am Ar I’ensacola 1100 pm
Ar Washington 830 pm 642 am Ar Mobile 305 am
Ar Baltimore 11 25 pin 605 am Ar New Orleans 735 am
Ar FhHadelphla £s6am 10 25 am Ar Wlldo 1235pmi 12 48 am
ArNewXork ,m Ar Gainesville 156pm 1
Ar Boston 300 pm 5 30pm Ar Ocala 151 pml 305 am
da t NOTE-.D.“y except Sunday. All other trains ftjjgSS? SSjmljiSS
NOTE-Sundavs only— Ar
Lv Savannah ..5 55am Ar Darien 103 pm '
Lv llarleti 600 am A r Savannah ,1142 am
Lv Savannah 55'*am Ar Fernnndlna... sob pm
Lv Fernandlna .6 00 pm Ar Savannah 10 31pm
Elegant Puiiman bufteFsteepers Tampa anil New York without change on trains *B, >7. eon.
nectlng ot Charlotte with Washington and Southwestern limited train. Also through coach
Jacksonville and Washington on this train.
i’ullman buffet sloe|>ers Jacksonville and New York on trains .15 and 36 without change
Also Pullman buffet sleepers Jacksonville and Asheville on trains 35 anil 36,
Pullman buffet sleeper to New Orleans and Mobile on No. 36 from Jacksonville.
For full Information npnly to A. O. MacD'INELL. G. P. A., Jacksonville, Fla.
N. S. PENNINGTON, Traffic Munager. Jacksonville, Fla.
I. M. FLEMING. Division Passenger Agent, Savannah. Ga.
Tickets to all points and sleepor accommodations secured at city officer, corner Bull and
Bryan streets and Central depot. Savannah. Ga.
Trains leave from Central depot, corner West Broad and Liberty streets.
D. C. ALLEN. City Ticket Agent.
CENTRAL RAILROAD OF GEORGIA.
H. M. COMER and K. S. IIAYES, Receivers,
In effect June 22 3, 1805,
66lNG WEST READ~D()WnI T ~ I "GOING KA9T—RdAP'tfft ' *
No. 18 No. 8 fJo. 7 ho 3 No 1 Central l ime, No. 2 No. 4 No. 8 No. 10 No. 20
Sun ex ex daily daily ex ex Sun
only Sun Sun 80th meridian dally dally Sun Sun only
6 .kipm ;;2opm 6oi)pm BCOpm 8-kiamTv Savannah .Ar 5 40pm* 5 45am 748 am 1130 am 1040 am
730 pm 420 pm 700 pm 10l6pm 10* am Ar. Guyton ..Lv 4 38pm 4 42am 648 am !030am 940 am
756 pm 446pra 735 pm 1037 pm II 00am Ar Oliver Lv 405 pm 4 10am 613 am 1000 am 910 am
830 pm 5 27pm 11 20pm 11 40am Ar Rocky Ford Lv 325 pm 331 am 9 23am 833 am
8 55pm 560 pm II 48pm 12 06prn Ai. Mlllen Lv 301 pm 302 am 800 am 810 am
1050 pm 745 pm 615 am Ar Augusta Lv 840 nm .... 7 06am 615 am
SAVANNAH. LYONS, AMERICT7S AND MONTGOMERY—DaIIy.
{6 45 pm 44 to pm* 7® amr.v 5avannah................ Ar[*7 40 pm t 8 56 am WSO am
850 pm 845 pir. 855 am Ar... .. Lyons. Lv 453 pm 545 am 645 am
BETWEEN SAVAN NAH AND TYUEB.
Leave Savannah 9 Mam *21081404 20pm •<■, 00rij*8 OOpmTS 40am|11 lOaml
Arrive Tybee 10 30aii s:.opm| 6 15pmj 7(Jopm| 8 50Pm|74oam| 12I0pm|
Leave lybee |3Al|*U*4oAN|+ 15PM|a$OPM|*IO0bp|iT5OAM||12 25PM R 45Pli
Arrive Savannah : ujl! I2 35pm| 5 06pm| 7 .-opm| 1055pm| 8 40aii| 1 15pm! 5 45PM
Trains marked • run dally. Trains marked's run "Sunday only.
♦ Trains marked t run daily except Sunday.
Time shown is 90th meridian, one hour slower than Savannah city time.
Solid trains between “a/annah Macon and Atlanta and between Savannah and Aognata.
Sleeping cars on night trains between Savannah and Augusta, Savannah and Macon, Sa>
vacnah and Atlanta. Farlor cars between Macon and Atlanta
Ticket office 19 Bull street and depot.
For further information and for schedules to points beyond our line apply tc ticket ngent
or to J. C. HAILE, General Passenger Agent, Savannah. Ga
THEO. D. K LINE, General Superintendent
W F. SHELLMAN, Traffic Manager, J. C. SHAW, Traveling Passenger Agent.
IVicDONOUCH fcBALLANTYNE,
IRON FOUNDERS, MACHINISTS,
Blacksmiths, Boilermakers, Manufacturers of Stationery and Portable
Engines, Vertical and Top Running Corn Mills, Sugar Mills and Pans,
SHAFTINC, PULLEYS, ETC.
TELEPHONE NO. 123.
KEHOE’S IRON WORKS,
IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS. MACHINISTS, BLACKSMITHS AND
Ames'Engine* ami Boile. s. Knowles Steam Pumps. Excelsior Boiler Feeders. Reliance
Safety Water Columns. Croaoy Steam Gauges, Steam aud Water Fittings. Special attention to
repair work. Estimates promptly furnished.
Broughton St., from iteyuold* to Randolph Sts. Telephone 268.
IF YOU WANT GOOD MATERIAL AND WORK ORDER YOUR LITH
OGRAPHED AND PRINTED STATIONERY AND BLANK BOOKS
FROM THE MORNING NEWS, SAVANNAH, GA.
15