Newspaper Page Text
6
SMALL HOPE OF SURRENDER.
Spaniards Seem Determined to Fight
to the Hast.
Copyright. 18P8, by Hie Associated Press.
Off Juragua. Tuesday. July 5. 7 p. ni., by
the Associated Press pispatch Boat Handy
to Port Antonio, Wedn*:s*iay, July 8, morn
ing, via Kingston, July 6, 5 p. m.—The
roads leading from Santiago do Cuba have
been blaqk to-day with people fleeing from
the dreaded bombardment by the Ameri
cans.
A flag of truce has floated over the walls
of the city and above th* entrenchment -
of the besieging army all day. Hi*" un
official armistice*, whi. h terminated at
tioon, and is being extended until to-mor
row noon, at the request o’ tin f.-eigp
consuls, and during the lull in the fight
ing the Spanish commander has permitted
all non-combatants to le-ave*.
This fact is generally accepted among
the officers at headquarters as an 'ndl
cation of a grim el* urmimuion on the
part of the Spanish to fight it out.
The negotiations looking tea the sur
render of the city have not been conclud
ed, as no formal reply to Gen. Shaftei
last demand has been received, but i
one of the hundreds who fled from the city
to-day believed that a surrender wa* pos-
Bible.
A rumor was persistently circulated
.
enemy had offered to surrender if permu
ted to retain their arms and colors, and
that the cable to Washington was hot vv.th
dispatches concerning ttie propositi* n, 'cut
the story was laughed at by Gen. Shatter,
and it is absolutely without confirmation.
No shot was fired to-day by either side*.
The American forces took advantage of
the lull to materially strengthen their i>o
eiuon.
PREPARED TO lIIIUII Utl).
Artillerymen Expect a Fierce Re
turn Fire Front Spun lards.
Copyright, 189S, by the Associated Press.
Headquarters in the Field Before San
tiago, Monday, July 4, via Kingston,
Jam., July 6.—Tho artillery has remain
ed in position throughout the day on the
ridge about El Paso, two miles east -of
Santiago, where it was placed yesterday
morning with a view of taking part In the
bombardment of the city.
The artillerymen have ma*le prepara
tions to resist a fierce return fire from
the Spanish siege guns, which are mount
ed on the outskirts of the town, which
have shown that they possess good gun
ners and accurate range finders.
Pits have been dug for the men and the
horses have been removed to n place of
safety, where It is thought the Spanish
guns will not be able to reach them.
Capt. Capron’s battery was withdrawn
from the hill last night and sent behind
Gen. Lawton’s position, from which place
it will have a cross fire with the batteries
of El Paso ridge and at the same time
be able to shell the north end of the
town.
The artillery officers are confident they
will be able, when the bombardment be
gins, to silence the Spanish guns and to
reduce the entire position of the enemy,
so that the forward rush of our troops
will meet with little or nothing beyond
rifle fire and they are confident the city
can be taken as soon as they are permit
ted to open fire and to take u hand in
the battle.
The incidents attending the death of
Lieut. Ord, son of the late Gen. E. O. C.
Ord, were dramatic. He was an able on
the staff of Gen. Hawkins and throughout
the day of the battle was active and ener
getic in getting ihe troops up to the line.
He was right in the front rank when the
Sixth, "thirteenth, and Twenty-fourth anil
Sixteenth regiments made their desperate
charge on San Juan hill, and was one of
the first officers lo reach the summit.
Just as he passed the brow of the hill he
eaw a Spaniard lying on the ground and,
pointing to him, he 6aid: "Take care of
that man."
The Spaniard saw the motion and evi
dently thinking Lieut. Ord was ordering
him killed, raised his Title and shot the
lieutenant dead.
The soldiers of Ihe Sixth Infantry, as
Lieut. Ord was an officer of that regiment
and very popular with the men. wore wild
with rage and literally tore the body of the
Spaniard to pieces with bullets.
Then they kicked it into a trench.
NUnSES GOING TO THE FRONT.
Twenty-Seven Red from AYomen
Sow at Tnmpn.
Tampa. Fla., July 6.—Lato to-night a
party of twenty-seven Red Cross nurses
arrived here bound for the battlefield >o
. succor wounded and heal the sick. These
brave and self-sacrificing women art- ea
gerly awaking the most rapid transporta
tion to the scene of duty. Two avenues of
transportation have been open to them, but
to-night they believe they have still an
other. and quicker route.
The party consists of Laura Gill, North
ampton. Mass.; Isabella Rutty, Wll
helmmo Schllatterer, Sylvia Coffin, Alice
Bouliguly, Hedwtg Grusuoska, Henrietta
Garron, Sara Shaw, Emma Duehsing,
Anna Pettis, Julia Helen Buel, Nonna
Fetiguy, Abble Harris, Margaret Chan
dler, Sarah Rallya, Mary Carson, Beat
rice Van Homrigh, Alary Gladwin of New
York; Clara Martha Krause, Germany;
Mary Harley, M. D., Norwick; Eva nil
worth. Utah; Mary Daugel, Tewksbury,
Mass.; Catherine Park. Cherrie French.
Connecticut; Alice Philips, Washington;
Catherine Vllgood. Hartford, and Alias
Anna Wheeler, daughter of Gen. Joe
Wheeler.
Miss Gill, who Is in charge of the party,
expects to return to Washington to ar
range a permanent system of transporta.
tfon.
TROOPS ARRIVING AT CII VHI.ESTON.
First Traill Load I)ltl Not Reach City
Until Dark.
Charleston, S. C., July 6.—Gen. J. H.
Wilson and his staff arrived here at 3
o’clock this ufternoon.
He went at once to the Charleston Hotel
and established headquarters and placed
himself in communication with the war de
partment
The first train load of troops, a detach
ment of the Third Wisconsin Regiment,
did noj arrive here till dark.
It was followed shoriiy by twelve car
loads of the Sixth .Massachusetts.
These troops were taken at once to the
water front, but they remained in the
coaches for the night.
Ten other trains of troops svill arrive
here during the night, and by noon r 0
morrow (he Thjrd and Second Wisconsin
the Sixteenth Pennsylvania, the Sixth Illi
nois and the Sixtli Massachusetts Regi
ments will all be In the city. Tn e two )o
named regiments come from Camp Alger.
While the other three are from Camp
Hons have been made to quarter
the soldiers in warehouses on the water
front until the transports arrive here.
The work of transferring some of the
mi n to the Yale, now off the bar, will be-,
gin to-morrow.
lIETt HN OF TIIC WOUNDED.
Men to lie Taken to Fort Monroe In
stead of Key West.
Washington, July 6.—The war depart
ment to-night received the following dis
patch:
“Playa del Este, July —, In Camp Near
Santiago, July 3.—Adjutant General,
Washington. Iroquois has a.ready sailed
for Key West. If Cherokee has not sailed
v, i.l have her go to Fort Monroe. Here
after all wounded will ie sent to Fort
Mor.roe. Shatter, Commanding."
Gen. Shatter’s dispa eh was in response
to cue sent him by the war department
directing him io send such of the wound
ed ol!i. < is and men as had to be returned
to the United States to Fort Monroe, in
stead of Key West.
Arrangements are bting made at Fort
Monroe as rapidly us possible for the ac
commodation of a large number of
wounded. A temporary hospital, con
structed partly of wood and partly of can
vas. will Ik* ere -ted on the government
reservation at old Point Comfort. There
tie: Injur*! will I * taken and given the
ttest possible treatment.
This point was chose n not only on ac
count of its availability, but also on ac
count of Us climate and accessibility to
the s<a.
Troops I’nss Tlirough Augusta.
Augusta, Ga., July 6.—A half dozen
trainloads of soldiers and equipments have
passed through Augusta to-day en route
from Chicltamauga to Charleston, and
others will pass at Intervals for the next
twenty-four hours.
St. Paul Snils With n Regiment.
New York, July G.—The United States
converted cruiser St. Paul, with the
Eighth Ohio Regiment of Volunteers on
Itoard, passed out Sandy Hook ut 3:51 p.
m.
YOl AG TO in: sent hack.
Man Turned Dow u by < onaress Re
nominated by Mis Party.
Norfolk, Va., July 6.—The Democratic
convention of tho Second congressional
district of Virginia to-day nominated Hon.
William A. Young of Norfolk for Con
gresp by acclamation. Mr. Young was
elected two years ago. hut was unseated
in favor of Hr. R. A. Wise. The Chicago
platform was approved.
MAIDING A WARSHIP.
Navigator Must Re a Person of He.
Itiurknble Erudition.
From the Philadelphia Times.
It is doubtful if any office in the navy
aside from an absolute command,involves
so vast a responsibility as that af navi
gator of a man-of-war. The duties of Inis
important station in former years fell to
officers of the rank of master, but with the
abolition of that grade its affairs devolv
ed upon the lieutenants holding the highest
numbers on the list. Upon the navigator
of a warship depends not only the task
of shaping the vessel’s course for any
I>oint across the seas to which her des
tinies may direct her, but also the re
sponsibility of piloting her in and out of
harbor and of selecting a safe anchorage
for her in every port visited during the
period of her cruise.
Hence it follows that, combined with a
thorough nautical training, the compe
tent navigator must be possessed of a
vast fund of geographical, meteorological
and hydrographical knowledge. While
at sea he must know the vessel's posi
tion to a degree,which necessitates his tak
ing frequent observations of the celestial
bodies and making solutions' of intricate
problems in geometry and trigonometry,
such as constantly arise through devia
tions, brought about by Innumerable causes
from Iter given course,
Unquestionably the most imr>ortant ele
ment in navigation, because of its infalli
bility, under ordinary conditions, in deter
mining the lattitude, longitude and error
ia the ship's compass, is what is known
itt maritime phraseology as "nautical as
tronomy.” With the aid of a sextant or
quadrant for measuring the altitude of
the heavenly bodies above the horizon or
their distance from each other, a time
piece to mark the instant of an observa
tion, a chronometer to show the time at
the first meridian, a nautical almanac and
an azimuth compass, the navigator can
readily determine his position with the ut
most exactitude, thus obviating uncer
tainties resulting from the more simple
but less accurate method of dead reckon
ing.
The average* voyage Is more or less char
acterized by erroneous estimates in dis
tances sailed, in varying currents, careless
steering, deviation In the compass and nu
merous other obstacles, and upon the navi
gator rests tiie responsibility of adjusting
such errors. In long passages across the
open sea the navigator is governed by a
rather complex combination of motives,
which may be summed up as follows: To
cover the required distance In the shortest
space of time, with the smallest expendi
ture of fuel and the least wear and tear
of the vessel that is possible.
With these objects in view, the naviga
tor must, prior to sailing, superintend per
sonally the stowing of the hold, the ar
rangement of ballast, water. provisions,
stores, etc., and the inspection and ad
justment of Hie motive appliances of the
ship, all of which features, severally and
collectively, greatly affect her speed and
sea-worthiness. If his vessel possesses the
facilities for making sail he must, while
at sea. exercise the keenest judgment and
foresight as to utilizing the same; for sail
used to good advantage is a great saver of
coal, while olhi rwise, if used indiscrimi
nately, It may entail much loss of tnpe.
The expert navigator draws the hue with
exceeding fineness between a high fair
wind and u gale, making the most of the
former us long as his vessel is not Jeo
pardized. heaving her to at just the* prop
er period and getting under way again at
Hu first sign of moderation m the weather.
The commander of a warship reposes the
utmost confidence In a skilled and careful
navigator, and rarely Interferes with his
plan.-.
Another of theenumcrous details coming
under the navigator's supervision is the
keeping of the ship's log. Thik is com
menced by.him at the* time the vessel is
placed In commissioti, and Its pages record
the events of each succeeding day. There
Is absolutely nothing which transpires,
officially, on board of a man-o'-war that ts
not written itt the log, and each day the
navigator must carry it to the command
ing officer for his Inspection. At the ex
piration of every six months the ship's log
must be closed and forwarded to the navy
department at Washington, where it is
placed among the records.
The navigator has charge of all the va
rious weather indicators of the vessel and
must render quarterly reports of all me
teorological observations. These are tak
en at regular intervals by the quarter
masters of the watch and fully enu red
upon the ship's log. The navigator must
regularly inspect the steering gear, com
passes, anchors and chain cables of the
sliip and dolly report their condition to
the commanding officer.
He must also keep a separate l>ook in
which are recorded all calculations relal
THE MORNING NEWS; THUHSDAA r , JULY 7, 180&
A Buggy or a Surrey ~
| can be tnade 50 per cent, more comfortable to ride in
, by liaving it hung with the Thomas Coil Springs. They
► give the buggy a luxuriously easy and even motion under all conditions.
| I | Rolling or throwing are rendered impossible by
! The THOM AS
lift m M COIL SPRINGS
I •S “ --V Most durable; cost little; easily attached to any buggy—
► /#2 1 "iITT V old or new. Get t hem of your wheelwright or order from us
* / , 'T' r 4 j-u \ direct. Write for circulars and prii -
J -- The Rullalo *|>riii & Gear Cos.. Buffalo, New York.
ing to Ihe navigation of the vessel, and in
which no .erasures are permitted to be
made. At the expiration of the cruise
this book is forwarded to the bureau of
navigation.
THE fastest BO NT AFLOAT.
The Turbin in a Marvel of Mara time
MeclianiMin anil Speed.
From the New A'ork Sun.
The Turblnla, the fastest boat yet built,
Is more fully and instinctively decribed in
another column of this morning's Sua
than she lias been before, through the
medium of McClure’s Magazine. The pic
ture of the turbine itself that drives this
most marvellous craft may leave the
minds of the uninitiated still somewhat
puzzled, but a little thought will make
all clear. Tho thousand diminutive feath
er-like blades, which make Ihe cylinder
appear like a sandpapered porcupine, are
merely a multiplication of the child's four
bladed whirligig, turned by running it
against the- wind. Replace the air travel
ing at the rate of the child's dog trot with
steam, which travels at the rate of nearly
1,000 feet a second, and the turbine, at
the other end of whose shaft is a propeller,
will turn 2,590 times a minute. This it will
do without imparting a tremor to the
vessel, for the reason that the machine’s
moving parts, instead of rising, stopping,
and falling, they all whirl in perfect bal
ance with unvarying speed.
Mr. Parsons, the inventor, hopes to ap.
ply the steam turbine to many other pur
poses than that of driving torpedo boats.
The Sun of May 1 told how laird Kelvin,
testifying in behalf of Mr. Parson's air
plication for the extension of his patents,
which was granted, declared that this was
the first practical steam turbine, an*! that
it might expect a great future.
Mr. Parsons sees no difficulty about us
ing the turbine for ocean steamers; and
here his figures lx-come very startling. For
a 50-knot steamer the chief obstacle on
the Atlantic will not be the effort to at
tain the necessary power, but the con
sumption of coal requlreel to drive her at
that rate for a voyage as long as the* At
lantic is wide. Two thousanel tons of coal
a elay will run a 600-foot steamer forty
knots, or forty-six miles an hour; but
burning that amoun. daily will make her
temch at some port for coal every day or
two. Such a boat will be practicable for
the Mediterranean. Fifteen hundred tons
of coal a day will run a 15,000-ton steamer
from Sanely Hock to Roche’s Point at
thirty knots, which would make the voy
age three days, or, expressed in coal.
4.500 tons; a possible load.
But for short elistances, like the’ferries
between New Y r ork anel Staten Island, or
Sanely Hook, or any of the thousand sum
mer places within business distance of
New A'ork—the railroads had better look
lo themselves.
‘‘Topping Out” 111 V\ axlti 11 Kion.
From the Washington Star.
"What was once a \%ry general custom
In this city, ‘topping out,’ as it was call
ed," remarked an old bricklayer to a Star
reporter, "has nearly died out,' and some
of the new generation of bricklayers have
never participated in it. ’Topping out’ oc
curred the day the last course of bricks
was laid In a house and was to celebrate
the event. On the morning the ‘topping
was to take place a flag was raised on
the building. It was also a signal for the
owner of the building to prepare a lunch
and the customary drinkables, especially
the drinkables, for all hands engaged on.
the building. Of course, it generally
wound up In a mild kind of a spree, but
it was the custom, and no one who
amounted to anything ever refused to give
a ‘topping out.' The best kind of punches
were often provided for ‘topping out.’
though in later years it ran down to beer.
"In the days when ale was the drink I
have known of a barrel of ale being used
at a ‘topping out,' besides a barrel of sand
wiches. The day Dr. Hall 'topped ouri
Ids house on C street, near Four-and-one
half street, which, by the wav, was the
first brownstone front ever put in this
city, he not only furnished all the ale
anl porter necessary, but used up three
baskets of fried Chickens, cakes and other
things, it was the talk of the town for
years, especially among mechanics. There
were also a number or other famous 'top*
ping outs.’ Mayor Berret ‘topped out' his
house on H street, between Fourteenth
and Fifteenth streets, with fine chatn
magne, as did also Air. Gait, tho jeweler,
who built a house next to him. Many
of the hod-carriers were given bucketfuls
of cakes, cookies and sandwiches at the
close of the ’topping out.’ But those days
have passed, and when anything is said
lo the owners of houses being built these
days they express ignorance of the cus
tom. and decline to observe it when it is
explained to them.”
The Savage and tlie Bird Cage.
From the Washington Star.
A gentleman who went out with Stanley
to Africa took with him a number of bird
cages, in which he hoped to bring back
some specimens of the rarer birds of the
Interior. Owing lo tiie death of one of
his carriers, he was obliged to throw away
ihe bird cages, with a number of other ar
lic'.es. These were seized by the natives in
great glee, though they did not know what
lo do with them; but they eventually de
cided that the small circular cages were
a kind of headgear, and, knocking off
Ihe bottom, the chiefs strutted about in
them with evident pride. One chief, think
ing himself more wise than the others,
and having wen the white men eat at
table out of dishes, thought they were
receptacles for food, and took Ills meals
from one, ceremoniously opening and shut
ting ihe door between mouthfuls.
Bewildering lluion 11 Nature.
Thi most Inveterate smoker never car
ries his own matches.
A girl is a coquette from the time she
wears her first new dress.
If ail the world ever loved a lover times
have changed a great deal,
The most acceptable fairy godmother Is
a crabby old spinster aunt with a lot of
mom y.
He who Is always talking aliout the joys
of married life doesn’t have to bother
much with tho children.
111 saying goodby the man who appears
the calmi st and least unmoved feels the
keenest. She who seems most tearful and
dt monstrata live Is least affected.
It is easy enough for a man to fool an
other. Only an adept can fool a woman.
A woman never can fool another woman,
but the dullest of them tliul the shrewdest
of men unsophisticated.
WARFARE AMONG ANTS.
THE ONLY CREATURE* RESIDES
MAN THAT FIGHT SCTENTIFI
CA LLY.
A Special Soldier I'nsle. Larger Tim 11
the Workers, Which Accompanies
the A rill y —lFonnidnble in Spirit
and Method.
From the Boston Transcript.
The art of war is understood and prac
tised by only one kind of animals be
sides man. Those animals are ants.
Ants are adepts in military science.
They know the whole business, from a
guerilla movement to the siege of a for
tified city. Not all tints are warlike, It
is true, but many species are extremely
so, and of these the best example is furn
ished by the Ecitons.
The Ecitons may be called exclusively
military, inasmuch as they have no per
manent homes, but spend nearly all their
time in warlike expeditions. Some specks
of them are found in Texas and elsewhere
in the United States, but they are most
numerous in Brazil. Thtir armies often
number millions, and move in serried col
umns. Nothing li\ing can successfully op
pose them, and the largest and fiercest
creatures of the tropical forests fly before
them to escape being devoured. Wherever
they move the whole animal world is set
in commotion and put to precipitate rout.
The main body of the army of Ecitons
as it moves forward in steady, disciplin
ed march is made up of the worker ants,
so-called, though they are lighters us w. 11
as toilers. For every one thousand work
ers there are perhaps fifty “soldier ants,”
which are of the same breed, but spec
ially built for fighting purposes, having
enormous heads and powerful jaws.
These soldiers never carry anything or
attend to any other business apparently,
but trot along on the flanks of the col
umn, being distributed at regular inter
vals like subaltern officers. Their shining
white heads make them very conspicuous,
bobbing up and down as the regiments
pass over inequalities in the road.
There are ten known species of these
ants in Brazil. One of these, called sugges
tive Predator, prefers the phalanx forma
tion. One of its phalanxes on tile march
over clear and smooth ground occupies a
spue.; of from four to six square yards,
the insects being densely massed. While an
army of Ecitons advances in compact or
der, skirmishers are thrown out, and here
and there a small column loaves the main
body to forage. If some very rich place be
found anywhere near the line of march—
for ejjamnje, a mass of rotten wool
abounding in insect grubs—a halt is or
dered and a strong force is concentrated
upon it. The ants search every cranny,and
tear in pieces all the large grubs they
drag to light.
An army of Ecitons as it moves forward
clears the ground of all animal matter,
dead or alive. Every living creature that
can get out of the way does so. It is espe
cially the various tribes of wingless insects
that have cause lo feur, such as other
kinds of ants, heavy-bodied spiders, mag
gots, caterpillars, etc. If a man making
his way through the tropical forest hap
pens to encounter a marching column of
these ants he is instantly attacked. Num
bers of the ferocious insects swarm up his
legs, and wherever they find a bare spot
they attack it, each one driving its pincer
like jaws into the skin, and stinging with
its tail with all its might. The Eciton stings
like u bt;e, being strictly "business” at
both ends. There is nothing for the man to
do but run for it, and when he gets to a
place of safety he proceeds to pluck off the
insects one by one. Usually in the opera
tion they are pulled in twain, leaving their
heads and jaws sticking in the wounds.
These military ants never let go when once
they have grabbed anything.
Dr. H. W. Rates In his work entitled
“A Naturalist on the River Amazon” de
scribes an attack by a column of Ecitons
upon a fortress—i. e., a great mound-shap
ed communal dwelling of another species
of ants. The army began its assaults
upon (lie works in a most systematic man.
nar, excavating a series of mines. Oper
ations were so thoroughly organized that
some of the assailants did the digging,
while oth rs carried away the grains of
earth, and others yet brought out the
larvae of young ants which were found in
the chambers of tho structure besieged
As fast as the larvae were brought out
they were torn to pieces, their weight be
ing too great for a single Eciton to bear.
The Ecitons are very small ants, though in
some species the big-headed "soldiers”
are ns much as half an inch long. . When
the fort had been completely looted the
column marched away, laden with the
mangled remains of the victims. Those
were doubtless conveyed to some conve
nient place, to be eaten at leisure.
It is not to be supposed that there was
no defence made by the tribe of ants thus
ruthlessly attacked; on the contrary, the
resistance offered was very fierce. In
ant wars genially the greatest pugnacity
and courage are exhlbted the contest last
ing sometimes for days, and the weaker
party ultimately succumbing from sheer
exhaustion and decimation. Fighting ants
will suffer themselves to be cut to peices
rather th in let go when they have once
seiz.d an enemy. In Brazil (hire Is a
kind of ant that captures and enslaves
ants of other species. This is a formid
able insect, lnd ed, its method of combat
being to grasp ihe head of a foe in its
jaws and to kill by piercing the brain,
thus paralyzing the nervous system. Ow
ing to tiic efficiency of these tactics,a com
paratively sinal: force of the slave-mak
ing ants will f. irlessly attack much larg
er armies, suffering scarcely any loss
themselves.
In tropical countries ants arc extremely,
numerous and wars are constantly In
progii ss. These military insects have
kingdoms which can lioast populations as
numerous as any of the nations of men.
In the Alb ghimies Dr. MacOook found
I.otX> huge nesis of forest ants together,
constituting a single empire. Such a king
dom probably has from 200.000,000 to 400,-
OV>,OOO inhabitants, oil forming one com
munity and living together in active and
friendly intercourse, while they are on
hostile terms with all other nations of
ants, even those of the same species. It
is known that there arc at least two thou
sand specks of ants in the world. The
f‘ Tocily exhibited by nuts in lighting is
extreme, the ground after a battle being
strewn with and. 'updated bodies, heads
and mangled limbs of the slain. The In
sects fight twis-and-two. in the fashion
of the duello. Ail the evidences are ap
parent of the action of majigant passions
—hate, cruelty and destructiveness.
The Eeiions while on the march not
only clear the ground of everything that
lives, but climb to the summits of the
highest trees, searching every leaf. If
they find a wasp's nest they gnaw' away
th- i :;-ery covering to get at the young
grubs, cutting everythin* to tatters re
gardless of the infuriated owners who are
flying about. There is a kind of ant
known to science gs Bofymyrmex which,
though extremely minute, does not hesi
tate to tackle the largest ant, fastening
itself upon the enemy and biting off his
legs and antennae. X field of battle on
which these little terrors have fought
against an army of wood ants is covered
with fragmentary jvinalns. Sometimes
they attack the harvesting ants, destroy
ing a colony and carrying off all the stored
provisions. These harvesting ants are
very numerous in Texas, and are famous
for their skill as agriculturists. They
plant real Holds <lf Mraiti cultivating va
rious species of grasses which serve them
as cereals. When the seeds of the grasses
ri;>en and fall to theegroond the ants car
ry them to their storehouses and put them
away.
Now and then fierce wars occur between
two colonies of harvesting ants, which
send out armies against each other. The
common pavement autts, which throw up
little hills of gravel between paving stones
and in gardens, are great fighters, and
sometimes war breaks out between two
communities of them that live only a foo:
or two apart. Such conflicts are apt to be
started by the intrusion of members of one
colony into the subterranean galleries of
the other. Ants generally when at war
make it a rule to carry their wounded off
of the field of battle, but the injured of
the enemy they leave to die or take away
to eat. There is nothing very pleasant
about the character of an ant; at the same
time, it must be admitted that they have
unselfish traits, (he business of rearing the
young being conducted by the workers
with indefatigable care. Customarily they
bury their own dead after a fight. Those
spt tee Crt acts which have no sting pos
sess, a ta'i-gland that se
cretes formic acid, Which evidently is dte
ugTc-i-able and perhaps poUo.ious to,jnsects
of this older. If the top Of one of the
mounds of the so-called mound- building
ants be knocked ol£ immediately the crea
tures rush by myriads to the defense oI
their dwelling. The observer, watching
from a short distance, can see, if he holds
his eye at the proper level, a sort of tine
spray or mist rising from the broken
mound. This is formic acid, which the In
sects are discharging to drive off the ene
my
In every ant colony, whatever the spe
cks, titete is usually a distinct class of
citizens wiio constitute a sort of warrior
caste, being provided with huge heads and
Jaws. They do no work whatever, appar
ently, their business being to fight. How
ever, there is a South American species,
not at all warlike, which live in trees, and
the big-headed fellows are employed as
living stoppers to close up the small holes
of entrance to the nest. One of the most
remarkable engineering works of ants is a
tunnel that has been made by a tribe of
tiie leaf-cutting species under the
bed of the I‘arahyba river,
near Rio, at a place where the stream
mentioned is as broad as the Thames at
London bridge. Not far from Para ants
of this kind pierced the embankment of
a large reservoir and the great body of
water which it contained escaped before
the damage could be repaired. These ants
have been known to carry off the contents
of a two-bushel basket of mandioca meal
in a single night, taking it grain by grain.
While each nation of ants has its stand
ing army, the notion of an ant navy seems
hardly credible. Yet a well-known natu
taliet says that on one occasion he saw a
formidable body of military ants embark
on a lot of ships that were floating slowly
down a stream, subsequently landing at
a i>oint of considerable distance below and
proceeding on what appeared to be a fo
ray. It Is a fact familiar enough that
the worker ants, which make up the main
body of each community, are females un
developed sexually. Likewise, the big
headed soldiers seem to be abnormal fe
males—a body of Amazons, In a word. The
males among ants are not of much account
except for reproductive purposes, being
hatched out at certain seasons and dying
in a few days. The males have wings,
and in some species the females possess
wings also. The business of the queen
ant is very much the same as that of a
queen bee; she lays all the eggs, and the
workers look out for the feeding of the
young when they have been hatched.
Worker ants in captivity have beert
known to live thirteen years.
HANGED W HEN THE TRAIN CAME IN
It Was Abend of Time and the Engi
neer Had mi Anxious Tito Minutes.
From the Chicago Record.
There is a branch of the Burlington
Railroad which runs down into the south,
western part of Nebraska, and along which
are strung several county-seat towns. At
the time to which reference is made a
man named Bruce Mattingly was await
ing execution in the jail of one of these
towns, he having committed a homicide
which, according to the theory of the jury,
merited death. He was a pretty bad man,
but, its is frequently the case with tough
citizens, he had a strong circle of friends
who were disinclined to see Mattingly
snuffed out at the ei)d of a rope. They
interceded with the Governor after the
regular channel of law courts of appeal
had been run fruitlessly, but Mattingly’s
reputation was against him, and the Gov
ernor would not definitely promise to
grant the desired respite. The sheriff of
the county had announced that he would
wait until 8 o’clock in the morning for any
gubernatorial interference, and promptly
at that hour, in the absence of a notice of
a stay, he would launch Mr. Mattingly in
to the elsewhere.
On the morning of the day set for the
execution the conductor of Burlington No
3 was instructed by the trainmaster" to
pick up at this county-seat town ihe State
fish commissioner's private car,which had
been there for some days, and carry it on
to the terminal. The engineer, when told
of the order, suggested that it would be
best for him to run in n few minutes
ahead of card time, so as to be sure to
have enough time to get away on the
schedule, for there was a strong competi
tion in the matter of promptness on that
run, and for over three years the train had
not been behind. So, beiflg due at 8
o’clock, the engineer of No. 3 rushed
things a little and goi in at 7:56, thus hav
ing four minutes' leeway to pick up the
commissioner's car. As they pulled up at
the platform a sound of whistling and the
ringing of bells rose in the town, and from
the high stockade around one wing of the
the county jail, which was Just across
from the depot, a red flag fluttered as
somebody hauled it up on its temporary
pole. The engineer asked what it meant
"Just hung Mattingly,” cried a man at
that moment, breaking forth from the
stockade.
"Hung him prompt at 8 o'clock. Bill was
afraid an order might come from the Gov
•nor, an’ as soon as U was S he let him
go"
'But it isn't 8," said she engineer. ‘‘lt's
three minutes to it."
"No, it Isn't. It's 8. Ain't No. 3 In, an'
don't she git here at 8 to the dot?"
SHAKE INTO 70UR SHOES
Allen’s Foot-Ease, a powder for the
feet. It cures painful, swollen, smarting
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out of corns and bunions. It's the great
est comfort discovery of the age. Allen's
Foot-Ease makes tight or new shoes tVel
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it to-day. Sold by all druggists and shoe
stores. By mall for 230 In stamps. Trial
package FREE. Address Allen 3, Olm
sted, Le Roy, N. X,
AN OPEN LETTER
To MOTHERS.
WE ARE ASSERTING IN THE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO
THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD “ CASTORLA,” AND
“PITCHER’S CASTORIA,’’ AS OUR TRADE MARK.
A dr. SAMUEL PITCHER, of Hyannis, Massachu
setts, was the originator of "CASTORIA,” the same that
has borne and does now bear on every
the facsimile signature of wrapper.
This is the original "CASTORIA” which has been used in
the homes of the Mothers of America for over thirty years.
LOOK CAREFULLY at the wrapper and see that it ia
the kind you have always bought —— on the
ind has the signature of wrap,
per. No one has authority from me to use my name except
The Centaur Company, of which Chas. H. Fletcher is President.
IHtrch 24, 1898. _J! .
.Z),
THK CENTAUR COMPANY, 7T MURRAY STREET, NEW YORK CITY.
® Stearns’ Electric
rat and roach
is sure and instant death to cockroaches, rats, mice, water
bugs, bedbugs and all household pests.
It is never fails to' 1
rid the premises of all vermin.
1 Ask your druggist or grocer for it.
Housekeeper’s size; ! Stearns’ Electric lotelkeeper’s size:
25c a box. a box?
- CHICAGO.
HOW OFTEN?????
Have you given an order for a lot of Printed or Litho
graphed Stationery, expecting at the time that you
would save money because the Printer charged a few
cents less than some other house?
How often have you noticed dirty or spoiled sheets
mixed in with the lot?
How often have you found out that the number of
sheets you paid for was not delivered to you?
How often have you had your pen stick through
the thin, rotten paper and how often have you said bad
words over the irregularities which saved you a few
pennies, but caused you a pound of displeasure.
You’ll have none of these troubles if you send your
work to the ,
MORNING NEWS,,..
J. H. E8T11.1,, President,
SAVANNAH, GA,
The engineer’s heart jumped and then
fell down into a deep well.
"Ho you mean to say you hung a man
by No. S’s time instead of by watches or
clocks?” he gasped.
“Of course. Why, watches an’ clocks
varies. Take any dozen watches among
the trowd in that jail right now an’ I’ll
bet there ain’t no two alike in plntin’ out
the time. Hut No. 3 ” and the men look
ed at the engineer in eloquent silence
w hich was immensely expressive. The lat
ter leaned against the tank and puiled his
own watch and fastened his eyes devour
ingly upon it. He afterward said he lived
a lifetime in waiting for the two remaining
minutes to pass so that the hour would
really be 8. Every instant he expected to
see the operator come flying out with an
order to delay the hanging, and knowing
that he had given the signal to execute Hu
man four minutes ahead of time he felt
that if any such notice were to come be
fore 8 he would be a kind of murderer. At
last—it seemed after years—the hands in
dicated the actual arriving time of No. 3,
and with a great gasp of relief the engin
eer climbed into the cab and went about
the work of hooking on the commissioner’s
car. •
It was some time before that engineer
got around to a state of mind where he
could speak lightly of the Incident, and to
this day he has never run so much as four
seconds ahead of time. He says it Isn't
conducive to a man’s peace of mind out In
that country, where they hang people by
railroad time card.
NO IMMUNITY FOll "IMMI NES."
Physicians Who Sny Have
Yellow Fever Several Times.
From the Washington Post.
It is very true that the Southern troops
wil lbe better able to stand the climate of
Cuba than the Northern soldiers, but
when authorities on the subject of yellow
fever hear the ideas of the administration
on the subject of so-called "immunes”
they enjoy a quiet laugh at he ignorance
displayed.
“Immunes” exist, but because n person
has had yellow fever once it does not fol
low that he will never have it again. He
may havoit twice durig one epidemic,and
should he be exposed to it the next year
he may have it twice more.
She people of the Gulf states are accus
tomed to tropical heat and malaria, but
those who enroll their names as "im
munes” know well the risk they run.
Surely these "immunes" will make noble
soldiers, for they realize fully the danger
of invading Cuba, while the Northern and
Western men can only imagine the horrors
of "yellow jack.”
Ho has never been shut up in a city
where the air is rank with poison, where
all business is at a standstill, where death
reigns supreme, where corps of noble men
band themselves together for the purpose
of caring for the sick and suffering; and
each day when the roll is call id and this
one or that one fails to answer, the rest
look at one another and ask, “Who
next?”
The Southern troops generally are nnx
ious to go to the front, anxious to heal thq
old scar by fighting for "Old Glory,” and
willing to run the risk of fever to show
their great loyally to Uncle Sam.
Many Southern physicians of note have
been consulted on the immune question,and
each and ail agree that raising regiments
of so-called "immunes" is absurd. Among
these authorities is Hr. J. C. Lellardy,
health officer at Savannah. Ga., who has
written volumes on the subject of yellow
fever and who has practiced In seven epl*
demies.
When appealed to by a correspondent of
the Post, he said: "The general belief la
that you cannot have yellow fever twice.
This is an error, due to the want of actual
knowledge.
“Some ptTsons never have It, but I have
treated others four times during one epi
demic, three times with black vomit. I
have treated others three times, and many
twice. Agnln, 1 have treated in 1854, pf
sons who had the disease in li£j) and IS.TJ.
In ISIS I attended numbers who suffered
again in 1834. In 1878, the last time we ha 1
the fever in Savannah, I had patents who
had been the victims of three previous epi
demics.” '
Hr. Lellardy also stated positively that
the yellow fever belt does not include tho
Gulf states, but extends from South Flor
ida to South America, and that as long s
the sanitation of any Southern city is good
there will not lie a state of epidemic.
When asked why natives of the West In
dies rarely suffer a second time from yel
low Jack," the authorities nil agreed that
It is becuuse they avoid inhaling the jiolton
by keeping out of the Infected localities at
night and in the early morning;