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A BRITISH OFFICER'S VIEW.
CAPT. KOCRKE OK THE CORDELIA
TALKS OF UIKOKW AU V.
How Spa In Might Move Given 11
Great Ileal of I ncmlni-M to the
American*— High Tribute to Auier
lrun t ouiiiiMiuler*. Seamen and
Ships—lieivej'* and Sninpon'
Tiok. Contrasted.
A British naval officer of recognized abil
ity, who has recently given an opinion of
the operations of the American navy at
Manila and Santiago, is the Hon. Maurice
A. Bourke, of H. M. 3. Cerdvlia. Aside
from the value of the expert testimony cf
Capt. Bourke, his opinion has, in this city
and community, that espec.ul interest
which comes from personal acquaintance.
The captain and his fine ship, it will !>e
remembered, paid a visit of several days’
duration to this port last sprint;.- While
here Capt. Bourke made a number of
warm friends, who will be especially pleas
ed to hear thal lie is now the commodore
of a squadron of four cruisers, with the
Cordelia as flagship, in Newfoundland wa
ters, as well as to read his opinions of the
performances of tho "Yankee” sailors with
their splendid ships.
To show thal Capi, Bourke is well quali->
fled to Judge of the subject upon which he
speaks, and to make an expert
criticism on the various naval
operations of the Hispano- American
war. it is only necessary to recall the facts
that he is acting commodore of a British
squadron, that he has'commanded at least
one of the most powerful battleships in
the royal navy, that he lias seen hard ac
tive service for a number of years, and
has had some very thrilling experiences in
the performances of his duty. One of the
most memorable of the e latter occurred
in the Mediterranean some live years ago,
when Capt. Bourkes ship, the Victoria,
was accidentally rammed by the Camper-
down as” a result of an erroneous order
by Admiral Tryon. The Victoria went
down with seveial hundred souls, includ
ing Admiral Tryon. Capt. Bourke, who
stuck to his ship until she foundered, al
most miraculously escaped. Talking a
few days ago at St. John’s, Newfoundland,
of the American Navy and Its work to a
correspondent of the New York Sun, Capt.
Bourke said:
"The main cause of the utter overthrow
of the Spaniards has been their own inde
cision and lack of a definite policy. The
American papers, have, very unwisely,
heaped much ridicule upon their naval
6tratc-gy loard, who acted as expert ad
visers to the non-service Secretary of their
Navy Department, and filled a role which
r.o fleet commander could hope to do with
advantage, in view of the impossibility of
his keeping hints. If informed of the move
ments of his enemies. Some such board
was just what the Spaniards needed, which
would arrange a definite plan of campaign
end provide for its being effectively car
ried out. But the declaration of war seem
ed to demoralize their whole naval machin
ery; they kept backing and filling, moved
their ships about without any definite pur
pose, and neglected to avail of the one op
portunity which presented Itself, to strike
their enemy In a vulnerable spot. That
would have been to attack the North At
lantic sea coast cilice, Portland, Boston,
New York, etc., which could have been
done by-sending Camara’s squadron across
to these waters at the same lime that Cer
vera was disi>atehed to Cuba. Though the
Americans acted with commendable
promptitude in improvising an auxiliuiy
squadron out of mereant steamers, it is
open to question as to whether they would
■have been of much Value in resisting tja
mara’s armored ships. The Americans
would have been at a further disadvantage
by not knowing the point he intended to
take, and they could not have massed to
gether very- easily enough real warships
to prevent ills making a dash into one of
these ports and destroying millions of dol
lars’ worth of property.
If you recall the panic which prevailed
In these coast cities at the time C'ervera
was coming across, the sowing of the har
bors with mines and the utilizing of scores
of tugs to patrol the coast, you can easily
Imagine what would have been the result
had the Spaniards adopted that policy.
Here was Schley scouring the Carribean
eea, tlie four American liners circling
about in mklocean, and Sampson In re
serve to defend the military base nt Tam
pa, with its thirty transports and Im
mense stores of war munitions. Yet Cer
vora escaped them all. He crossed the At
lantic without being sighted, and was
actually inside the American second patrol
line when reported from Martinique by
the Harvard's captain as hull down west
of 4he port. Then lie ran to Curacao
without interference, and from there to
Santiago. He likewise dodged the l'ank.-e
fleet. A little better Judgment or more
accurate Information nml lie ml-ht t,-,,e
made for Havana and destroyed the small
gunboats and tugs which (hen comprised
the blockading squadron off that port, for
nil the effective fighting s=liipf&’ had been
withdrawn to cruise in quest of him. Ilau
Camara played the same game off the
New England coast, with only a hastily
converted squadron under Commodore
Howell to opiose him, ships would have
had to be drawn from Cuban waters to
strengthen Howell, the naval forces of
both nations would hnve been equalized,
end we might have seen some very differ
ent engagements result. Still, nothing can
detract from the admirable manner in
in which the American naval authorities
rose to the need of the occasion, and pro
vided men, munitions and ships for the
varied purposes which the opening of hos
tilities imposed upon them.
The United States have reason to he
proud of their naval commanders. In ev
ery instance they have proved themselves
men of tried courage and strategy. I think
that the spectacle of Dewey selling out
from Hong Kong to fight the Spanish fi.et
in the shelter of known batteries and de
stroying it without the loss of one of Ids
own men is an achievement unequalled in
naval history in its lack of Injury to (he
victors. The Santiago tight is another
amazing encounter, aid if Camara and
"Watson should ever meet I look for the
extinction of Spain as a naval power. It
Is a great pity that the American news
papers have been so prone in the past to
ridicule their own warships, for ii has
been proved beyond doubt that in sea
worthiness and strength of construction
they are the equal ef any. The record of
the Oregon In steaming from San Fran
cisco around Cape Horn, to Key West,
12,W0 miles, without starting a rivet, is one
of whicli any nation might feel proud. And
the work entailed on these ehi s in Cu
ban waters in the past three months hr s
been very severe, but they have/ come
through it very well, none of them being
obliged to undergo repairs, while several
are now starting across ihe AtUmie to
begin an aggressive campaign against the
Spanish coast. The American humorists
will need lo revise tlndr opinions of the
usefulnt ■= and stability of their navy in
the light of the experiences of the past
three months.
"I am surprised that In Ihe land opera
tions before Santiago there was no at
tempt to utilize a naval gun brigade, as
wc always do, when possible, in the Brit
ish service. The want of artillery seem
ed to be Shatter's main difficulty, and if
the American bluejackets partake of the
spirit of the British tars tiiey would be
only too d* I.gifted to g.-t the chance of a
shot at the rretny. However, t heft se< rn I
not to have Leon any i.s> harmonious re
lations between the military and naval
commando s, which, perhaps, explains a
km' of things. Sampson’s refusal to enter
■autiago harbor because of the land bat
teries and mines might, at first sight,
seem to stamp him as a different order of
man from Dewey, who boldly disregarded
the one ar.d the oihcr. Bui it must he
remembered that the conditions are in no
wise parallel. A: Manila Dewey had an
open bay to manoetiver in, and the batte
ries of Cavite were hut little elevated
above the shore. At Santiago, on the
other hand, Sampson would have to enter
a t . rrow channel sowed with mines, and
would be exposed to the downward fire of
powerful batteries him ireds of feet above
him, to whose destructive fire on his un
protected decks he could make Bo ef
fective reply. His course, furthermore, in
dicates that the capture of Havana or San
Juan de Porto Rico will not be as easy a
task as most Americans think, unless the
Spanish desire for further fighting has
be< n abated by successive defeats. How
ever. from present appearances. It is un
likely that tiie I’on'iiict will be sustained
much longer. For Spain it can have hut
one ending, while for the United Slates
the war is too costly to he prolonged. The
expenditure of over $1,000,000 a day In car
rying it on forms an eloquent argument
for an early cessation of hostilities, es
pecially when it It is taken .nto consider
ation that there is about as much chance
of exacting an indemnity from Spain as
there is of drawing blood from a stone.
”1 think this war shows that the T'nited
States will have to he reckoned with in
future as a great naval power, and if the
Anglo-American alliance bears fruit the
English-speaking tace will dominate the
world, making war impossible in the fu
ture. The ships and men of Uneie Sam
have made .splendid records, and the praise
accorded them should not be given grudg
ingly.”
ICE CREAM SOI,II IN THE STREET.
London Revelation* Regarding Haw
It Is Millie and \VIt J It Kills Von.
From the London Telegraph.
The recent sacrifice of so many young
lives to the harmful contents of the ice
cream dealer's liar row and the fact that
Parliament, not to mention the local au
thorities, is taking cognizance of the dan
gers of the trade, have directed public at
tention strongly to the necessity for some
control over the vendors, as well as to the
inconsistency of the present state of the
law, which allows these foreigners to sell
their wares in every street, yet compels
the poor old peddler, with his bootlaces or
buttons, to take out a hawker’s license.
It 4s not reassuring, moreover, to Jearn,
on the authority of a gentleman possessed
of exceptional knowledge as to the poorer
classes of Italian Immigrants, that the
numbers arriving this summer are excep
tionally great, wh'le their extreme pov
erty and Ignorance are also remarkable.
Tho reason is not far to seek. Italy is
under a general wave of depression, and
the profits to be made out of a summer
In London are far beyond anything to be
earned on native soil. It is no uncommon
thing for men, after a trump to the
French coast, to reach the metropolis in
April with a few half-pence in their pock
ets and return in October, with thirty-five
or forty sovereigns as their golden har
vest of the street child's scanty pocket
money.
There are two dis tinct Italian colonies in
our midst. That is Soho is chiefly com
posed of waiters, cooks, and hotel scullery
men, who are quite a different type from
the organ grinders and Ice-cream vendors.
The area to which these latter resort is
a very small one, ahd for unmitigated
squalor is not to be surpassed in London.
Its main “thoroughfares” are Eyre street
hill and Sumner street, with three or four
wretched courts running out of these. In
all the improvements which have been
made round Rose berry avenue and in
Clerkenwell this Utile patch remains an
island of-miserable tenements—a crowded
rookery of dirt and offense to eyes and
nose. Historically the locality has al
ways borne an unsavory repute, and
readers of Dickens will remember his de
scription of Little Saffron hill in "Oliver
Twist” as “a dirtier or more wretched
place he had never seen. The street was
very dirty and muddy and the air was im
pregnated with tillhy odors. Covered ways
and yards, which here and there diverged
from the main street,disclosed little knots
of houses where drunken men and women
were positively wallowing In filth.” Eyre
street hill has one tragic, association with
English art, for to a low house in it
George Morland was conveyed, having
been seized by a publican for a debt of
£lO. arid aftlr eight days in the delirium
of brain teAr, died In 1804. "overwhelmed
with misfortune, debt, and neglect, every
evil being aggravated by the bitterness of
self-reproach.' The pilgrim who has
come up Leather lane, with its roadway
filled with costermongers’ barrows, (.Bed
with the cheapest varieties of everyday
commodities, from frozen salmon to
Swiss embroidery, from scrap iron to
growing geraniums, crosses Clerkenwell
road and sees a nurrow street iqion a very
eteep incline. Immediately London see-ms
left behind, but sunny Italy is not gained
even though every one of the dirty little
shops bears an Italian name, and the bar
ber, the tailor, and the grocer call atten
tion to their wares in the musical South
ern tongue.
There is nothing "picturesque” In ibe
squalid untidiness; heaps of decaying vege
table leaves lie in the gutters, and domes
tic refuse Jitters the pavement. The n™
of the children playing on the doorsteps
bespeak an origin In the nearest -dop
shop, and have no national characteristics
of fabric or color to commend them- the
gaudy hues of the aniline-dyed handker
chiefs which Ihe women wind about their
heuds are merely tawdry and showy. In
the windows of the provision shops are
various sorts of macaroni, though very
many of the community make thl* for
themselves, and beans, polenta, and se
molina have a prominent place. But Ihe
observant may also find huge, and not
very appetizing, dried sausages, olives
sardines, and jars of dark-look lag pieki
les, bearing Italian brands. Bottles of
vanilla, cinnamon, "strawberry," and
"raspberry” flavorings, and other yet
more mysterious vials of coloring matter
are indications of one of the most con
siderable products of the locality. Salt,
too, which plays its part in ihe freezing
process, is also a conspicuous item. In
other shops may be seen hundreds of the
thick, small glasses in which the “farth
ing taster,” or the double-sized ha’p'orth
will lie dealt out to their Juvenile con
sumers.
As to ihe conditions of life here, it may
he doubted whether London possesses
anywhere else so crowded a population
upon so small a space, in several of ihe
houses male lodgers Only are reeeivej
but in others there is sometimes more than
a whole family huddled Into a single
room. These apartments as a rule are
very small, with ventilation and sanita
tion of the most primitive description.
Garlic mingles freely with the indescrib
able reek of other and nameless odors,
Indiscretions in Eating
dfassd
cause disordered stomach, foul
breath, headache and constipa
tion. These ills can be prevented
or cured by the timely use of that
most palatable medicine, Tarrant's
Effervescent Seltzer Aperient.
Tarrant dr Cos., Chemists, Ac tv i'ox^.
THE MORNING NEWS: TUESDAY, JULY 20, 1898.
TIIE EXCELLENCE OF SYRUP OF FIGS
is due not only to the originality and
simplicity of the combination, but
also to the care and skill with which
it is manufactured by scientific proc
esses known to the California Fig
Syrup Cos. only, and we wish to im
press upon alt the importance of pur
chasing- the true and original reme
dy. As the genuine Syrup of Figs is
manufactured by the California
1 to Syrup Cos. only, a knowledge of
that fact will assist one in avoiding
the worthless imitations manufact
ured by other parties. The high
standing of the California Fig
Syrup Cos. with the medical profes
sion, and the satisfaction which the
genuine Syrup of Figs has given to
millions of families, makes the name
of the Company a guaranty of the ex
cellence of its remedy. It is far in ad
vance of all other laxatives, asitaets
on the kidneys, liver and bowels
without irritating or weakening
them, and it does not gripe nor nau
seate. In order to get its beneficial
effects, please remember the name
of the Company
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO.
SAN FRANCISCO, Cal.
LOUISVILLE. Ky. NEW YORK. N. V.
and filthy bedding, a table, a stool, and
chair or two constitute their chief fur
niture. Tiie water supply in most t>f 'he
houses would appear to come fronts taps
laid into the tiny back yards, which- Ihe
majority of them have, and these also
are cumbered with dust heaps and tub
bbh of various kinds. As to the crudely
painted barrows which are so familiar
in the streets, they are generally much
, too large lo bring through the front doors
and narrow passages of these tenement
houses, and are, therefore, stacked at
night in the courts to which reference has
already been made. It is exceptional for
a vendor to bring home any ice unsold,
ns he waits out, in ordinary weather, un
til he has disposed of all his stock.
The ingredients employed are eggs, milk,
sugar, and the doubtful flavoring sub
stances and colorings. In themselves they
would be innocuous enough if freshly used
but it must lie remembered that in all
cases tiiey have been bought in the cheap
est possible market, and even before tiiey
come into the ice manufacturer's hands
may be contaminated. Leather Ixine sup
piles tho greater proportion of the eggs,
and, if not to be classified as “suitable for
electioneering purposes,” would probably
be of that order curtly set forth as "eggs”
without any subtle grading as "fresh laid.”
“breakfast," or "cooking.” There is a cur
rent belief that they are usually blown
and not broken, as the shells are said to
have a commercial value at shooting gal
leries. This, however, appears to be an
exceptional proceeding, and it is much
more usual to purchase the cracked and
broken eggs of which there is always a
considerable percentage, in the "long hun
dreds,’ as they are imported. Separated or
skim milk is generally used, and Is kept
in the crowded dwelling room - till It is
wanted, gathering to itself any noxious
particles in the air, even if it were free of
impurities before. The mixture ts put into
tiie freezers and stirred and beaten to
gether, and a medical man of great ex
perience points out a danger where the
flavor employed is an acid of any kind,
as, for example, citric acid. If the freez
ing vessels be of unlined metal, as they
usually are, these substances may easily
set up chemical action, resulting in lead,
tin, or copper poisoning. This authority is
of opinion that many cases which have
been attributed to metallic poisoning could
be directly traced to cheap ice creams.
Then, again, there Is the danger from
the use of contaminated water. A glance
at the loathsome liquid into which the
glass is dipped when the child has con
sumed its dubious luxury, and the dis
gustingly dirty rag. serving Its owner
equally as pocket handkerchief and
clothes brush,with which it is wiped,would
deter the least fastidious of adults from
swallowing anything from such recepta
cles. Hut the Italian has no scruples as
to where he replenishes his water supply
when absolutely necessary, and he is as
likely to resort to the nearest cattle trough
as anywhere else. The great bacteriolo
gist, Dr. Klem, who lately examined sev
eral specimens of these ices submitted to
him, pronounced some of them to be no
hotter than sewage in the number and
character of the bacilli they contained,
while in others he.found in appalling quan
tities the microbe of putried decomposition.
The profits made from the expenditure of
the few shillings intial outlay are enor.
mous. and on a warm summer's day, on
a good "pitch,” a sovereign is by no means
an unusual net gain. It is clear, there
fore, that the vendors could well afford
better materials and still gather handsome
rewards. The machinery of the food and
drugs act could surely be applied with lit
tle adaptation to meet an Immediate and
pressing necessity for the protection of
child life.
A Shocking Spectacle.
From the Clevland Plain Dealer.
A spectacle, which under ordinary cir
cumstances would strike horror
to the souls ol all beholders,
hut which, in the present time
of actual war and bloodshed, only
served to amuse those who saw it, took
place a few evenings ago at the southwest
corner of Ontario street and the square.
Right before n crowd of laughing citi
zens a man was beheaded by an execu
tioner clad in Oriental costume. The
headsman held a huge sword, which he
fondled playfully. He felt the edge to
try its keenness. Tiie spectators smilingly
held their breaths and crowded toward the
heavy black block, in which a circular
hollow had been cut just the shape of the
neck it was to receive. The unfortunate
man came forward, his hands lied behind
him, and turned toward the executioner
with a look of pleading supplication in his
eyes, but it met no sympathetic return.
Then he manfully turned away, placed his
head upon Ihe chopping block and wailed
for the end. Tho headsmen stepped for
ward, roiled up his sleeve and grasped the
handle of the knife. He lifted it above
ills head and then—horrors-It came down
with a swish and the head of the poor
unfortunate rolled onto the pavement.
What the cause of the punishment was
could not he learned, and nobody seemed
to care to inquire. When the spectators
departed it was noticed that not one of
tlu m expressed any pity for the unfortu
nate victim.
it might be well to add that the spec
tators described was one of the views
thrown upon the screen by the klnetosco
pic machine used for advertising purposes
on the top of a building in the vicinity
mentioned.
THE LADRONE ISLANDS.
TIIEIR HISTORY SINCE THEIR DIS
COVERY.
•
A Clarion* Theory—Early Explorer*.
Religion* Conquest by Diego dc
Sunvitore* Feet* About Their
Government and Population The
Capital Which Surrendered to the
Charleston.
From the New York Dost.
The recent taking of the Igidrones by
Ihe Americans recalls Hie old theory of
the peopling of America from these isl
ands. Magellan, gome years before he
sailed westward as a naturalized Span
iard, to discover the loadrones and lose
his life In the Philippines, had already,
as a native of Portugal, sailed eastward
to the Spice Islands, a part, geographi
cally, of the Philippines. When the Por
tuguese Bettled in the Spice Islands, they
found the natives exchanging spices lor
silver and emeralds from the Ladrones.
The Portuguese, however, were never able
to find any mines of precious stones or
metal in the Ladrones; and the question
arose, “Whence came the silver and emer
alds of the Ladrone Islanders?” Consid
ering that emeralds were not produced in
the East Indies, that the Ladrones had
been evidently the home of an old civili
zation, and that the Ladrone islanders
were still remarkable as navigators, It
was concluded by certain writers that
their silver and emeralds were from
America; and, this connection establish
ed, it was conjectured that here lay the
answer to the question, "Whence came
the American Indians?”
Of the flying proas of the Ladrone isl
anders, the reports of travelers are al
most jncredihle. The appearance of the
proa filled the early voyager with aston
ishment, and Its speed with wonder.
"This invention," says a, recent writer,
"would do credit to any civilized tuition."
The stem and stern are alike, and are
very sharp. The boat sails in either di
rection, and always with the same side
to the wind. On tho windward side is a
long out-rigger, and at Us extremity is a
log of wood pointed at both ends and
parallel with the boat. This prevents the
capsizing of tho boat, the lee side of
which is vertical to prevent drifting to
leeward, while the weather side is buill
In the ordinary manner.
To change the direction of the boat, the
tree end of the yard is brought down while
the otiier is raised, and thus the direction
of the boat is reversed, with that of the
lateen or triangular'sail, while the outrig
ger is still to windward. These proas pass
ed between Magellan's ships going at full
sail and the boats they towed astern, "so
quickly and skilfully that it was a mar
vel. Van Noort, the first Dutch circumnav
igator, says that "sometimes two hundred
of these proas, with four or live men apiece,
wouid come to trade, ail ho.lowing togeth
er Hiero, Hiero, that is, ’iron, iron,’ and
with very eagerness run their proas upon
the ships." Jacques le 1-lermite, who was
off the coast of Guatn in 1025, says that
til* Inhabitants came out six miles lo
meet him, with ail sorts of refreshments
to exchange for their iron, and that there
were a hundred and fifty proas trading
with him at one time. An old writer Aiys
that "one of these proas being despatched
from Guam to Manila, which is 400 good
leagues, performed the voyage in four
days.”
Dampier, who was at Guam during one
of his voyages round the world, says: "I
believe they are the fastest boats In the
world. Sailing one by our log, we had 12
knots on our reel, and the whole of it was
run out before we turned the half-minute
glass, which was 12 miles per hour. 1 be
lieve they run nearly 24 miles an hour.”
Malte-Brun speaks of these flying proas
as “models.of naval architecture.”
From these proas Magellan gave the inl
ands the appropriate name Islas de las
Velas Latinas, or the Lateen-saii Islands;
but his sailors called them Ladrone or
Robber Islands. Drake called the Uelew
Islands, fifty-eight years later, the Islands
of Thieves. Tiie Ladrone islanders were
honest among themselves, and were kind
to tiie stranger in distress. In 1628 the
ship Conception was wrecked on one of
theso islands. "The natives,” writes Le
Gobien, "gave friendly assistance to those
who were saved of the Spanish crew, and
endeavored to alleviate their misfortune
hy kind treatment.” Los Jardines, or The
Gardens, and Dos Prazeres, of The Pleas
ant Inlands, are among the names that
have been given to those islands;but since
10t their official designation, in honor of
Marianne of Austria, has been The Ma
riannes.
Tho first period of their known history,
1521 lo 1668, is one of voyage and discov
ery. The master spirit Magellan, with his
scurvey-stricken, starving crew, steered
his failing ships across the ’waste of wa
ters towards the high peak of Rota, then
southwestward to the evergreen asylum
of Guam. Refreshed, they proceeded,
Magellan to his death in the Philippines,
and the Victoria to the completion of her
circumnavigation. The Trinidad, endeav
oring to recross the Pacific, touched at two
other islands of the Ladrones, and three
sailors ran away, one ot whom was pick
ed up five years later by the ships of Loy
asa in still another island of the La
drones.
In 1628 Saavedra took nominal possession,
as did Legaspi in 1566, but no settlements
were made. Caspar and Grijalva, writing
in this latter year, describe the houses as
lofty, neatly built, and well divided into
apartments, the whole raised a story from
the earth, and supported upon strong pil
lars of stone. Besides these dwelling
houses, the natives had others for their
proas, one of which coniained four large
proas. During this period Drake, Cav
endish, Van Noort, Spilbergen, Schouten,
Le Maire, and the Nassau fleet, on their
way around the world, stopped at the La
drones and were heartily welcomed and
entertained hy the natives.
The account given by Dampier of the
remarkable bread-fruit tree Is the best: "A
certain fruit called the bread-fruit growing
on a tree as big a* our large apple trees,
with dark leaves. The fruit is round, and
grows on the boughs, like apples, of the
bigness of a good penny loaf. When ripe,
it turns yellow, soft and sweet; but the na
tives take it green, and bake it in an oven
till the rind is black. This they scrape oft,
and eat the Inside, which is sofe and white,
like the Inside of new-baked bread, having
neither seed nor stone; but if it Is kept
above twenty-four hours, It is harsh. As
this fruit is in season eight monlhs in the
year, the natives feed upon no other sort
of bread during that time. They toid us
that all the Ladrone Isles had plenty of it.
I never heard of it in any other place.”
Little else is known of the original flora,
hut the crops at present are maize, to
bacco, and sugar, while cotton, coffee, rice,
cocoa, and Manila hemp are grown and the
cocoa palm is abundant. Deer are numer
ous, and cattle hogs and fowls have run
wild for more ihan a century. There are
no snakes tn the Ladrones.
The second period, 1668 to 1699, Is that of
conquest. The religious conquest Is repre
sented hy the "Apostle of Mariana,” Die
go Luis de Sanvlttwes, the scion of an il
lustrious house of Old Gastile, and de
scended hy ills mother from a nephew of
the Cld. He gave up the most brilliant
prosjiect of court preferment to enter the
order of the Jesuits, He arrived at the
Ladron. s with five other priests and some
lay assistants in 1608. He established his
faith in thirteen of the islands, founded
light churches and three seminaries, bap
tized 50,000 natives, and was killed in 1672.
at the age of 46, while successfully
attempting to baptize a baby against the
will of Its parems. lii* monument Is a
few miles northwest of Agai.a.
The ik. itlcaJ conquest is represented by
sot lieis who tame with Sanvilores and by
others who tame later. The apostle <lkl not
want them, and the historian lets us see
them only incidentally. A mele occurs,and
these soldier*, hai>t>ening to be there, for
tunately find a cannon lying on the sea
shore. A ship from New Spain is wrecked
a. and a hundred soldiers, guarding some con
victs hound for the Philippines, are saved,
and Golden, the historian, says: “It was
u ruccor which God seemed to send for the
reduction of the islands.” Burney, in his
“Voyages,” says: “Of all the intercourse
of European* with the natives of the South
sea islands, the settlement of the Badrones
by the Spaniards has been the most unfor
tunate.”
In this war of extermination we become
acquainted with the original natives of the
Ladrones, called Chamorros, meaning
'■fro nds,” a word of salutation among
thoce islanders. Goblon says they lived in
peace and happiness; and they themselves
said, after a few of their number had been
killed: "These Europeans had better re
mained at home; we needed not their help
to live happily.” In complexion, language,
manners, and goverinnent they seem to
have borne much resemblance to the Ta
gals of the Philippines.
An ancient feudalism existed among
them, the people being divided into nobles,
priests, and plebeians. Their religion was
a sort of ancestor-worship. Freycinet,
who commanded the Uranie In a scientific
expedition to determine the figure of thp
earth, says of the Chamorros: “We see
these islanders employing all their force,
heroism, and cunning in the defense of
their customs and of their independence.
Twenty times beaten, twenty times they
rise again. But in the end, decimated by
w-ar and by diseases until then unknown
among them, they ceased to opppose a
useless resistance to the powerful arms of
European civilization. Expatriation suc
ceeds to these disasters, and those who re
main, the unhappy remnant, are taken
from their towns and their native isles,
and are concentrated at Guam, at Saipan,
and at Rota, and placed as it were under
the guns of the forts—a guarantee of their
obedience.”
The third historical period, 1699 to 1898,
is a chain of administrations by a success
sion of Governors appointed by the gov
ernor general of the Philippines; the last
of whom, Gen. Marina, with his secretary,
Port Captain Ruarta, Eieut.Gutierrez, and
two other lieutenants, Sergt. Romelo, and
fifty-four soidlers, was taken prisoner by
the cruiser Charleston June 21, 1893.
The islands forming the Ladrones, be
ginning at the northernmost,are Farallon
de Pajaros, an active volcano 1,000 feet in
hight a group of three rocky islets known
as the Urracas; Assumption,a partially ac
tive volcano peak 2,848 feet in hight; Agri
gan, seven miles in length, mountainous,
and the north, rmost Inhabited island; Pa
gan, having three active cones, and peo
pled by a few natives; the uninhabited isl
ands of Alamagan, Guguan, Sariguan, An
ataxan, and Farallon de Medinilla; Saipan,
fifteen mil. s ,ong, fertile. ami having
alx>ut 1,000 inhabitants; Tinian, originally
possessing 30,000 inhabitants, and now a
place of segregation for lepers with a
population of 300; Auijan, of no import
ance; Rota, with 503 inhabitants; and
Guam.
Guam, or Guajan, the southernmost and
largest of the islands, is thirty-two miles
long and has a population of about 9,000,
two-third of whom are in Agana, and near
ly all the rest upon the seaboard, the
country inland being almost without in
habitants. Agana, the capital, is also
a convict settlement. It Is beautifully
clean and possesses good government offi
cials, a hospital, schools and a church.
The Spanish residents have usually num
bered about twenty, and the regular sol
diery about 200, ail quartered here. The
militia, comprising about all the male
population, Is commanded by native offi
cers. The civil government is similar to
that of the Philippines. Postal com
ni’Unlcation has been quarterly.
When first discovered the Ladrones had
a population of about 60,000. Not one of the
original race survives, and the islands are
peopled chiefly by Tagals and Bisayans
from the Philippines, mixed descendants
of South American Indians, a colony of
Caroline Islanders who founded Garapan
io the Island of Saipan, and numerous
Chamorro-Spanish half-breeds. The cen
sus of ISBB reports a population of 6,476
in Agana, and a total of 10,172 in all lhe
islands, 5,034 being males and 5,138 fe
males. There are eighteen schools in the
Island of Guam. Only 10 per cent, of the
Ludrone Islanders are unable to read and'
write. Spanish is the recognized language;
but many of the natives speak a little
English. The climate is good and equa
ble; 70 degrees to 80 degrees Fahrenheit
is the range of the thermometer.
Ccrvern's Trousers Utterly Rnlned.
From the New York Press.
Orange, N. J„ July 23.—Michael S. Ma
gee of West Orange, one of the crew of
United States steamship Gloucester, has
written to his nephew, TANARUS, J. McHugh of
Grdve street. In telling of Admiral Cer
vera being received as a prisoner on board
the Gloucester, lie says:
“We lowered all our boats. I went in
the first whaleboat with Mr. Edison In
charge. We went alongside of the flag
ship Infanta Maria Teresa and made a line
fast to her bow and took the other end
ashore and fastened it to a tree. We look
the wounded first. Men with shattered
arms and legs were piled into our boat,
and we made a ferry as far as the high
breakers, and then passed them from one
to another. In th’.a way every one on
board was saved that was able to climb
to the life line, including Admiral Cervera
himself. He was so heavy and fat that
Capt. Otto Brown of the hold, took too
tight a hold on him, and when he arrived
on terra iirma he was minus the seat of
his trousers.
Fought With Fists Under Shower of
Ball.
From the New York Press.
Orange, N. J., July 23.—Lieut. Alvord
Anderson of the Sixth United States CaY
alry, now acting captain of Troop D of
that regiment, has sent a letter to his
father, John R. Anderson, at Upper Mont
clair, in which he relates his experience
in the skirmish prior to the surrender of
Santiago. The lieutenant says in part:
“I don’t believe I ever heard so much
profanity in a angle day as when we were
moving on that second ridge. Every one
was cursing the Spaniards or Ihe barbed
wire fences at every step. Two of the men
stopped under that had of bullets to settle
a personal quarrel with their fists, and
after a pass or two went on up.
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