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WHEN COURTS HAVE ERRED. CONVICTED OF MI'RDKII o\ CIKCPSIST.4JITI.Ui EVIDENCE. Xh*lr Supposed Victims Have Some times Turned Ip Alive—Some Have Suffered Death tor the Acts of Sui cides—lnstances of the Miscarriage of Justice in England and America. From the New York Press. Circumstantial evidence and the possi bility of wrongful conviction thereon tire topics never lacking in interest among lawyers. That the courts often are justified in ac cepting circumstantial evidence as eonclu s ve there can be no doubt; neither can there be any doubt that convictions on such evidence have been obtained against innocent persons over and over again. One of the most remarkable of wrong ful convictions came to light in Boone county, Missouri, in 1893. Seven years curlier George Watkins, with his young nife, removed from Kansas to Missouri, settling as tenants on a plantation owned t,v Andrew Hedgepeth. Hedgepeth re mained en the plantation and soon fell in love with Mrs. Watkins, who encouraged his attentions openiy. Desperate jealousy look possession of Watkins and several quarrels over the woman occurred be tween the two men. One day, having patched up their differences, apparently, Watkins and Hedgepeth went to the coun ty seat together in a wagon. Hedgepeth returned alone, saying he did not know what had become of Watkins. A few be lieved Hedgepeth’s story, but most of his neighbors scouted it, especially as Wat kins' overcoat, in the pocket of which were hi- gloves, pipe and wallet, was found in the wagon, where Watkins had left it. Worse yet, there was a bloody hatchet in the wagon. Wrongfully Hangeil for Murder. Hedgepeth's arrest and trial for murder fo lowed. He seemed nervous and unstrung while the chain of circumstantial evidence being forged against him, but in sisted upon being sworn. On the stand he admitted frequent quarrels with Wat kins about the latter’s wife, and aiso said that they had quarreled over her on the day they went to the county seat. But he averred, with seeming sincerity, that he had not harmed Watkins, who had de clared his purpose to leave the country rather than endure the existing situation. It is probable that Hedgepeth would have beer, declared guilty, any way, but prob aM.ity was rendered certainty when Mrs. Watkins went on the stand. For, in a fit of apparent remorse, she swore that she and Hedgepeth had conspired to murder Watkins, and she apparently believed Hedgepeth guilty, though she denied knowledge of the crime in dettail. Being , ,evicted, Hedgepeth appealed and got a new trial, which resulted in a second con vi-tion. In due time he was hanged, and soon afterward Mrs. Watkins died of real remorse. Six menths later the lawyer who had defended Hedgepeth found Watkins alive and well among friends in his old Kansas home, where he had been living quietly ever since the day he went to mar ket with Hedgepeth- Convicted of Killing; a Sololde. Scarcely less remarkable, though it did not culminate in an execution, was the case of John D. Cochran, of Illinois, who was convicted in the Wabash County Court of murdering John Buchenberger. Buehenberger went from Evansville to Mount Carmel on Oct. 11, 1888. On the 15th he bought a revolver Next day, hav ing been seen with Cochran meanwhile, he was found dying under a lumber shedi, his revolver near by, with one empty cart ridge Cochran was arrested, and a tissue of circumstantial evidence, furnished mostly by Charles Beese. who had served a term for horse-stealing, was woven about the prisoner. The trial at tracted attention throughout the Middle West, Cochran's defense being a complete denial. His attorney sought to prove that Buckenberger committed suicide, but could not prove it, and Cochran, being convicted, was sent to the penitentiary for life. In 1892 It was learned that on the day after Buchenberger's death his wife, liv ing at Evansville, had received a letter written by him on the day before the sup posed murder saying that he was about to depart from the world of mortals to dwell with his Heavenly Father, adding that his body would be found exactly where it was found. Singularly enough, though no pains were taken to conceal the existent of this letter, Cochran's counsel never heard of it. When Cochran’s friends learned about it they lost no time in lay ing the case before Gov. Fifer and he par doned the imprisoned man without delay. A Daughter's Revenge. Several years ago William Shaw, a well to-do citizen of Leith, England, was charg ed with killing his unmarried daughter. At the trial only eircumstancial evidence was produced. It seemed conclusive to the jury, however, the testimony being that father and daughter had taren heard to quarrel violently over her receiving the attentions of a young man for whom Shaw had an aversion. No one was pres ent in the room when the quarrel occur red, but high talk was heard, tiro words "cruelty,” "barbarity” and "death" being plainly audible. After the quarrel Shaw went otit of the room, slamming the door violently. A few hours later groans were heard and when a bailiff broke in the door the girl was found bleeding to death from stab wounds. The bailiff asked her if her father had been the cause of her death, " hereupon she nodded her head feebly and died. Just then the father returned in high state of excitement and with blood on one of his sleeves. Of course he was orvloled and hanged, but before his body bad been cut down a note signed by his daughter was found. It announced her intention of committing suicide, recited the circumstances of the quarrel and closed with the sentence: “My inhuman father is 'he cause of my death.” It was too late then to remedy the jury’s excusable blun der, but the records say that "a pair of colors" was waved over Shaw's grave in token of his innocence. A Religious Difference. A singular case of erroneous conviction 0,1 circumstantial evidence was that of James Baxwell, n merchant of Gibraltar, In 1811. Baxwell was a Catholic, and he had a pretty J7-year-ohl daughter of the unusual name of Eleiza. William Katt, a l utheran, fell in love with her, but Bax cll declared that the pair should not be allowed to wed, going so far as fo oay lie ""uld kill her rather than p rmlt the marriage. A few days later she dlsap- I'nred. Naturally, Baxwell was arrester u, 'l tried. Katt was the chief witness for prosecution, and he swore to Baxweil’a bn at of murder. Katt's testimony was "info reed by other testimony that loud '■ties had Itoen heard from a cave near ' Baxwell house on the day of the girl's 'b appearance; aleo by the fact that torn I'lcccs of her clothing, with a lock of her bair, Clotted with blood, were found in the '•avo. The verdict was "guilty,” despite Hixweli's protest of innoconcs. "n the day ret for his execution Katt "ai among the spectator*. A* Maxwell ended the scaffold he called Kail to dm. and, extending hla hand, declared u ‘t he forguve the young man for swear his life away. Jmrnedlateiy Katt be "me excited, and, Just as the drop was ""'iff to fall, apranc forward with a wild hr called. "Baxwell la Inno- I am the only guilty man here!" ‘hi* iff*vented the execution, Mid Ibe officials rushed to the aid of Baxwell. He had talien in a faint, apparently, but In reality he was dead from pure fright. Kan then explained that the girl was alive and well, adding that he had ab ducted and secreted her. The cries in the cave, the blood-stained lock of hair and the pieces of her clothing had been "plant ed to cover up the elopement, and out ot revenge against Baxwell. The authori ties locked up Katt, and the girl was sent to a convent. A Vermont Instance. Russell Colvin was a farm laborer who marriiM the daughter of Barney Boorn at -Manchester, Vi., and for years thereaft er lived with the Boorn family, which In cluded two sons, Jesse and Stephen. No love was lost between the sons and the son-in-law, and Colvin Anally disappeared, after a particularly violent quarrel be tween the three. 1 10 m the first the Boorn brothers were suspected of having made way with Col vin, but it was years before there was anything more than suspicion. Then a hat recognized as Colvin's was found. An old stump overturned, disclosing the skel eton of a man. It was remembered that the Boorn boys had boasted that they had put Colvin “where potatoes wouldn't treeze. The result was the arrest of Jesse and a search for Stephen, who had lert the state. In time he was brought hack. In spite of the lack of posi tive evidence the Booms were believed by iheir neighbors to be guilty, and this feel ing ran so high that their parents we e expelled from the church, while the father was held as being accessory to the mu der. At the trial Jesse testified that, although he had taken no part in the murder. Stephen had confessed it to him, and. to crown all, evidently in the hope of a len ient treatment, Stephen owned up on the stand, going Into minute particulars con cerning the bloody deed. Jesse and Ste phen were sentenced to be hanged, where upon they changed front completely and protested innocence. The Legislature commuted Jesse’s sen tence to life imprisonment, but would not interfere to save Stephen. Asa last re sort Stephen's lawyer, who. like everyone else, believed him guilty, put an adver tisement in the Rutland, Vt„ Herald set ting forth the facts and calling upon Col vin to declare himself if still living. The advertisement was copied in a New York paper and met the eye of Colvin himself, who was alive and well at Dover, N. J., where he was employed by a resident far mer. He went to Manchester In lime to save Stephen Boorn from the gallows and then Jesse was released from the peni tentiary. FAMOI S AS A DETECTIVE. Senior Chief Inspector of Scotland Yard flan .Just Retired. From the London Telegraph. One by one familiar faces are disap pearing from the detective branch of New Scotland Yard, which is still known as the criminal investigation department, presid ed over by Dr. Anderson. The latest of ficer to retire on pension Is Henry Moore, senior chief inspector, who has just com pleted thirty and a half years’ service in the metropolitan, police. Of what stuff was the old type of de tectives made, if we may take Mr. Moore as an example? His career, everybody ad mits who has followed his work, has been of a highly successful character. This de served meed of praise has been given to him not only by home secretaries, the pub lic prosecutor, judges, coroners, commis sioners of police and his fellow detectives, who are not load judges of a man’s quali ties, but by expert professional criminals— men of education, who, adopting nefarious courses, are known as the “classical mem bers of their fraternity. But, above all other descriptions Of work. Mr. Moore has devoted himself to the unraveling of mys terious murder cases, until he has been recognized as an authority, and his name has, therefore, been associated with many cases that are still fresh in the public rec ollection. Many of the cases in which he has been prominently concerned during the past couple of decades have not yet died out of public recollection. One of his earliest was the notorious Wimbledon poisoning trage dy, when Dr. Lamson, in 1881, adminis tered aconite in a capsule to his crippled cousin. Percy Malcolm John, a school boy, and afterward coolly walked into Scotland Yard, never thinking that he would be de tained, or that guilt could be brought home to him. Perhaps no officer had more anxious work to discharge in connection with the so-called “Jack the Ripper” Whitechapel murders than Mr. Moore, but he is reluct ant to talk of those trying times, though in common with his colleagues he has formed a shrewd surmise as to the identity of the actual miscreant, who is now dead. Still more recently he was engaged in running to earth at Toulon the French man Ravellot, who, In October, 1894. mur dered in Okl Compton street. Father Ga briel U. Sequil. Then, again, upon the murder of Antoine Brosetti, at a house in Castle street, Long Acre, in November, 1897, it was Mr. Moore who secured the arrest near Turin of Guiseppe Ravettl, who is now undergoing a sentence of thir ty years' imprisonment for the horrible crime, the motive of which was to secure the old shoemaker's hoarded gold. Mr. Moore appeared also in the proceedings against Dr. Collins, charged with having caused the death of Mrs. UzieHi. Murder, alone, however, has not been the retiring Inspector's specialty. It Is sufficient to recall his investigation of the Langtry jewel case, and the part which be and Inspector Richards played in trac ing the perpetrators of the great stock transfer stamp frauds at Somerset House nine years ago; and also his successful ex posure of a notorious blackmailer, Charles Grandy. alias Le Grande, whose victims were titled ladles. He has had pass through his hands upon their arrest an ex-London county councillor and a former lord lieutenant of Worcestershire. Mr. Moore was engaged, with ex-Chief Inspec tor Tonbridge and Inspector Froest, in the mass of work entailed by the steps to procure the conviction of Wright, Hobbs, Newman and Balfour in connection with the Liberator frauds, and he tells an amus ing story in relation to the return of Bal four to this country. "When Balfour was expected at South ampton the order was given that no press mail should be permitted to get near him. Froosl and I hired a launch and while the reporters were looking all round the hotels for me we were lying off the Isle of Wight, waiting for the ship with the prisoner on board to come up in the morn ing. Then the press tug came down, and the men aboard did not realize that Bal four was on my little launch that steamed past them. Suddenly they suspected it. anil then began a chase to Southampton. The tug passed us. but went Into the Em press dock, while I slipped to another place, where a carriage was waiting, and so we evaded the whole crowd of inter viewers." "Did you ever stand In danger of your 1f... Mr. Mo re?" ■I thirk 1 did when I Jura ed Ino the van containing the fifteen ingots of sil ver Two men were at the hack. That was in the case where thlrtv-one ingots, value-1 hi £1,900, had b en s olen f om he Midi nl railway van In 189fi, and me of them weift font -1 In li e I'onsesrif n of a man who r-- eently committed suicide. It was then that 1 run 1- Seret. Harris renre*,nt him elf is a ii y r. . nd I In 11 sud him wl.h 11 60) ii I S'k ty ld t rlirw die men who held ihe hu.k "f 'he stiver. T ey might have mur- e *d him h and they uspecl and h: 'den " -What I'M Men sour moat extia rdinnry "1 re all a case where s man waa w-nt .d’ tn ihe Will J tail ex. lit m traced lo THE MOKNING NEWS: SUNDAY, DECEMBEK 24. 189& Fimlico, but I found he hat gone away from the house an hour or eo before I ar rived. The only clue was that he had t .k --en a cab with a gray horse. My game was to look for a gray horse in a cab, and I had not walked a quarter of a mile boro e I hailed the driver of such on animal. It was the very cabman I wanted. My man was not inside, but I succeeded in arrest ing him at Liverpool and took him back to the West Indies. "I recollect another case in which, while tracing the abduc or of an heiress, I came upon another couple who had eloped un- • der precisely the same conditions from Germany. “Once I had a curious presentiment. A mail was arrested for fraud and as he stood in the dock at the police court I felt that he had something upon him. lie had been searched, but I had him s arched again—still without result. But I still was conscious of the same presentiment, and I had him stripped. In his sock there was a iiitle bottle of poison." OREGOJI HORSE RESORT. Remains of file Ancient Three-Toed anil Two-Toed Animnls Have Been Found. From the Portland Oregonian. If you stampede a band of cayuses any where tn Central Eastern Oregon, they will run, unerringly, in the direction ot the South fork of the John Day river. A no madic Oregon, equine’s itinerary is never complete without at least one pilgrimage to that point before death. If convenient, he goes there to die. The steep slopes of the bald hills in that region are strewn with bones of thousands of his kind. If he dies elsewhere, his spirit visits the place, anyway. These things, for twenty years profound puzzles lo the people of this section, have been explained only af ter science has taken the matter under consideration. It was left to Prof. Thomas Condon, state geologist for Oregon and one of the most learned and ardent paleontol ogists in the West, to make this discov ery. His hypothesis, based upon paleont ological finds, is plausible and weird, ap parently impossible, yet true. Brletly, Prof. Condon has defnonstrated. that the region immediately contiguous to the south fork of the John Day river is horse heav en. It has long been remarked by stockmen of the John Day valley that the south fork held some weird and wonderful at traction for horses. The fact that it was a region of scant grass, of steep hills, and of vast wastes of metamorphosed rocks, precluded the possibility of its attracting by virtue of any superiority as a grazing ground. In the light of the stockmen’s years of experience the matter was pe culiarly inexplicable. It is the natural be lief of any one who has much to do with horses that the cayuse is a creature of appetite, whose rosiest equine aims and ambitions do not mount higher than un limited oats and no harness; that given free rein he gravitates inevitably toward the feed box, and that, allowed to roam the prairies free and un trammeled, he ar rives ultimately, with a regularity almost astonishing, at the best accessible feeding grounds. The stockman thoroughly un derstands, perhaps, the materialistic side of a horse's nature, but, obviously, his experience has never led him upon the discoverey that there is a spiritual side as well. The South Fork of the John Day river finds its source among the myriad canons and gullies of Bald Butte, in Grant coun ty, thirty miles east by south of Canon City, in Eastern Oregon. It is a moun tainous region, neither ecenieally, lovely nor agriculturally possible. And yet it presents one of the most Interesting geo graphical formations known to that ab sorbing science. For here are found pa leozic fossils in such abundance as to have attracted to the legion some of the most eminent scientists in America. The first and most important excava tions were made by Prof. Condon in 1884. His researches extended over a period of four months, during which time he un earthed fossils dating from the earliest ages known to geological science. His most important find, however, was the fos sil remains of an extinct variety of three toed horse, calculated to have existed such a number of years ago as to be beyond ttie counting. Paleontological discoveries in various parts of the world have demonstrated ac ceptably that the horse is a prehistoric animal, who had undergone peculiar changes since his original inception. His evolution is traceable through successive ages simply by bis toes. Dating from his creation with three, he has been tracked through the million of years of his exist ence as a species simply by his evolu tionary discard a nee of those members, in the neolithio age, after unnumbered centu ries of life with three, he Is discovered with only two. To-day, reduced in length of hair, in strength of tooth, shorn of shagginess, and fed on oats, he has but one. The evolution of man, as compared with the evolution of the horse, presents this peculiar distinction—that while man has perfected in his fingers and toes, and has even increased in the number of the latter, during the progress of the ages, the horse has traveled a different road, and, while not degenerating (for the latter-day horse Is nearly perfect), he has lost his toes. Whether it is a realization of this saddening fact which impels the twentieth century cayuse to visit the graves of his ancestors in the South Fork region can only remain a matter of conjecture. That he does, however, is a most astounding fact. Prof Condon's fossil horse was an eocene relic, deposited some time during the dawn of the existing order of things, In the ear liest tertiary strata. The bones of his two toed successor of the neolithic age have also been found on the South Fork, relies of a later era, the middle or miocene di vision of the tertiary period. The relics of these small, shaggy, two-toed equines are also frequently found in the pliocene period of (he tertiary deposits, which, al though a few million years old, is just back of the quarternary, or most recent of periods. The South Fork region abounds also in fossils of the cretaceous deposits, which are the oldest known lo geological science. Relics of more recent age are in abundance as well. The oc currence of these fossils in the South Fork country in such correct chronological se quence, and the fact that they embrace relics of all the weli-defined ages, mark the region as particularly Interesting to paleontologists. It was this fact which attracted Prof. Marsdi of Yale, one of the most eminent scientists tn America, who brought to the region a corps of enthusi astic paleontologists, three years ago, and who mode many valuable finds, duly chronicled In scientific publications in the East. Harvard and Princeton have also dispatched expeditions the results of which have prominent places in the museums of those universities. Prof. Condon's three-toed horse is now in Yale. It Is one of the most valued fos sils ever found in Ihe West. A relic of bos elophantus columbianus, or Columbia elephant, found In the fossil deposits of Hangman's creek, in Idaho, is another paleontological gem taken from the Northwest. Bos has been articulated and Is now in the Smithsonian Institution, at Washington. His hight Is calculated to have been eighteen feet. A scientific expedition from Harvard will visit the Bouth Fork region in the spring. Princeton also contemplates another visit. That two horses, separated by millions of years, should have selected 'he Houih Fork of the John Day river as a dying ground and that their toeless successor* should at this late age display such a sen timental yearning to go there and shuffle off this mortal coll are matters marvelous *nd mysterious. It Is smal wonder, then, <ltl Ihe suggestion Hint the South Fork Is horse heaven Is accepted as explaining these profound phebonru ru. HEROISM ON THE DEEP. STIRRING INCIDENTS IN I,lt ES OF SEAFARERS. Trenton's Gallant Crete—Their Tri bute of Cheers, ns They Go to Death to the Ssvrtl Englishmen. Other E\nmples of Bravery, From the New York Mail and Express. Capt. Gaskill sat on the remnant of the house top He had divested himself of most of his clothing in swimming to this unsteady life raft and he was bitterly cold. The thousands of broken timbers from the George L. Colwell, his steamer that had foundered earlier in the day, were scat tered broadcast over the ocean wherever the horizon met his eye. Not a trace of the remainder of the crew, thirteen in number, was to be seen. A dozen gulls attracted by the debris that floated over the ocean, as the mighty combers tossed it about, flew up, low and earnestly, to where the sole, survivor sat on the house top. They came close to the famished man and then went flapping off to the eastward, leaving him alone with his hope. Presently a great man-eating shark turner! on its hack close to the Imprisoned raft, and then a second and a third. Beyond these and the solitary ma riner there was not a living thing in sight. If Seemed a Iteqiitcm. The sun went down as It has done on many shipwrecks, and the wind sang a dirge. Capt. Gaskill felt that he had to die and—why not die game? Now and then as the sharks came nearer than usual -he lost hope entirely, but each time only for an instant. For the life of him he could not banish from his mind these old familiar lines: "Secure 1 rest upon the tyave, For Thou, Oh, Lord, have power to save. I know Thou wilt not slight my call, For Thou dost mark the sparrow's fall." Then he sang the most of the night to the requiem of the wind and the deep thunder of the sea. And when the Nava hoe came along at last the sole survivor of the Colwell was singing a song of childhood, and the rescuers thought him mad. “I was certain I had to die," he said, in explanation of what seemed to be strange conduct, "but I made up my mind to die with a full heart and no white showing." Cheered Facing; Death. The account given by the surviving sailor of the Briitsh Atlanta is a brief, but tell ing record of Che heroic resolution of men facing death. "I swam to the boat," tie said, "and got one arm over the gunwale, the crew in the rigging cheering me all the time. I knew they had to die; so did they. But they continued to cheer and I could hear them clearly above the roar of the breakers on the shingle. When I was cast up on the beach I looked toward the wreck, but they were all gone.” The Atlanta was lost with twenty-four men on the coast of Oregon. Those men in the rigging were on the brink of the grave, reaching out for the sea that knows no hidden reefs or false beacons and they cheered! All the heroes are not made tn ♦he clash of arms and in the effort to pre serve life. Countless ships go to their doom each year and their sailors die <n the most matter-of-fact way. Alp-like waves snatch them up, close over them and the smothered prayer drive them to where the surf pounds the strand and de posits them there limp and dead. That’s the way the majority of them die. No time for cheering., No time for prayer. The melancholy sighing of the night wind is the only dirge that is sung over them. Now and then, as in the case of the At lanta, there is a remarkable exhibition of courage, bravado even. But instances of this character can be counted on one’s fin gers, anti a few of them at least are worth the telling. Take the ease of the destruc t.on of the British troopship Birkenhead off Point Danger, Cape of Good Hope, Af rica, in 18a2. This ship was freighted with 500 soldiers on their way to Kaf fir war. She was an iron paddlewheel steamer of 556 horse power and her troops were mostly raw recruits, consisting of detachments from the Twelfth lancers. Second, Sixth, Twelfth, Forty-third, For ty-sixth, Sixtieth, Seventy-third,’ Sev enty-fourth and Nlntey-flrst Regi ments. Lelut. Col. Alex Setow was in charge of the troops, many of whom had their families on board. With the crew, the total number on board was 638. The ship steamed past Cape Point, a few hours before she struck, on Feb. 26, 1852. She took a sunken and uncharted rock at 2 a. m., and the shock was so tre mendous that the Iron plates of the bot tom gave way. The sea rushed into the hull Ifke a small Niagara. Instantly the deck was alive with men, women and chil dren. all greatly alarmed. Investigation showed that but two lifeboats were avail able for service, but strange as It may ap pear, there was no display of selfishness, and no impulse to take possession of these boats. It was art unusually dark night, the only illumintlpn being that of the stars, but in the black hollows of the waves numerous could be seen darting about waiting for the pray that must come. Snnk I,lke Soldiers. Col. Seton realized that the ship was doomed, and that the majority, If not all. of them must die. He drew them upon the fast loosening deck and told them this as calmly and satisfied, apparently, as if he were reading mustering out orders. “We are all Englishmen and soldiers," he said; “let us behave as such. There are two boats. Just two and no more. These belong to the sick, the women and the children. We belong to God. I want every man to see that the weak ones are saved, if tlhat be possible." First came the sick, and they were handled by stout arms with a mother’s care. Next came the children, and then the women. There wasn’t a speck of room in the boats after that except for a few members of the crew who were to row and direct, and the boats left the ship's side and passed into the blackness of Che night. There was no weeping, no shrieking, no wringing of hands. Surely the women had the hearts, of men just then, no matter what they did afterwards. All the help less were saved without a single exception. The soldiers ranged up in line with the sea water as high as their waists, stood there there like statues. They had never been under fire. They had never seen their comrades fall dead and wounded around them, and yet they stood there to the last and not one broke rank. The ship parted amidships at last as all hands were singing a national air, and then came the swirling, revolving smother, and the first thought of the plank. Even then it was not every man for himself. Strong arms thrust pieces of wreckage into the hands of those who were unable to grasp them, and stout words of encouragement were sung out above the eternal crash of the sea Many floated ashore on the plank and the spar, but the loss of life was ap palling. In all 357 officers ;|id soldiers and sixty seamen perished. Only 184 persons were saved. In Apia liny. In the American Navy history has re peated the story of the British troopship. There was anchored In Apia hay, Samoa, on March 19, 1889. three Yankee warships, the Nlpsic, Vundalia and Trenton; three German warships, the Adler, Kber and Olga, and the British cruiser calliope. Rear Admiral Kimberly was In charge of the three United Hlatea vessels Tie Het mans were then carrying mailers with too high a hand in a government supposed lo he subject equally to British, German and American control. War looked certain and probably would have occurred had not a Rival hurricane broke. It was really this prospect of war that sowed the seed which the whirlwind gath ered, for the momtng of the lath began with a most alarming drop in the glass, but fever heat was in the men's veins and determined to see the International ques tion out to the very last, none of the ves sels would leave the battle-shaped harbor. The latter at noon were worked up to a goal pitch, and the warships were threat ening to roll their masts out. Still they held on. The Trenton lay In the narrow entrance, her crew building up fond hopes that there would boa clash with the Germans before night came on. There was, but It was an unlocked for encounter, In which man had Utile (o say. The Nipslc and the Adler fouled each other at the beginning, and then the Olga brushed sidee with the Adler. The Eber, dragging her anchor more rapidly than the others, was the first to strike the coral reef, where she went down wiih all hands except four. The Nipslc on hour later drove over the roof and struck a sand pit, many of her crew being drowned In the effort to get ashore. The Adler came next, and smashed on to the battered Eber. finally working clear of her sister ship and banging down on a spit with a broken back. The wind drove her so high on this spit that when ihe sea went down her hull was absolutely dry. The Calliope, In great danger of tielng ground to pieces by the drifting Vandalla and Olga, slipped her cable and, working against great odds, put to sea. In this way she fras saved. The Trenton, with a brok en rudder and fires extinguished by an In flow of water, lay helpless at the entrance, and to get to the open the British ship had to steer between the reef and the Trenton, a fair way. with as much as a quarter of a street block to spare. As the Calliope passed the Trenton the crew of the latter broke Into a great cheer, led by Admiral Kimberley himself. Cheer aftcif cheer followed until the Briton was well in the open and safe. "Blood was thicker than water,’ said one of the men of the Trenton afterward til explaining why all hands cheered. Soon after the Calliope escaped the. Vandalla crashed on the reef. The Trenton held on until 3 o'clock of the 16th, when both her cables parted like pipe stems. The hurricane was at its worst then, and with railroad train rapidity the ship darted for the shore. The Olga was in her way, and though more cable was paid out by the German she could not dodge, and the Tren ton fouled her. Music In Dentil's Face. Only for a few minutes, though. The German commander took the choice of two evils, slipped his cables, and with the aid of steam and sail pul his charge ashore safely on the sand. The Trenton. In her mad rush for the reef, approached close enough to tier sister ship, the Vandalla, to permit rockets to be fired, and in this way lines were run out to the Vandalla and her crew taken off before the Tren ton finally settled alongside and pounded there. Only one man was lost on the Trenton, and It Is a part of the govern ment records In Washington that Admiral Kimberley had up his band blaring uway with “Hall, Columbia,” as the ship was dashing for the reef. The sinking of the German warship litis, in a typhoon in Chinese waters, was an other marked Instance of rare heroism. The Iltls was lost July 23, 1896, at a point ten miles north of the Southeast Ib-omon tory, which Is a low reef-glrted island ly ing about thirty miles southeast of the Shan-Tung Promotory. A total of sev enty-five officers and men lost their lives. In all eleven were saved and these clung to wreckage for two days. The gunboat sank stern first and her fore part re mained out of water. It is recorded that after the vessel struck, all hands were called to quarters, three cheers given for Emperor William, and then all Joined hands and sang a hymn as they went down. Sang IVntionnl Hymn. The Aden left Y< k homa June 1 '<>■ Lon don, with fifty-five passengers and a crew of seventy-six, the majority of the inter Lascars. She struck the reef June 9 In a big storm, and only one lifeboat managed to get away from her side, and the occu pants of this subsequently perished. For seventeen days immense waves broke over the wreck, washing men, women and chil dren into the sea. Miss Lloyd and Miss Weller, missionaries at Foochow, were among those who refused to go In the Ill fated boat and stood by the wreck. The two young women were among the first to be engulfed after the lifeboat went away on Its last journey. Three steamers passed within a few days after the ship struck, but they went on without paying any at tention to the distress signals of the Aden, If they saw them. One Jubilee Day, when the whole of England was celebrating the long reign of Victoria, the survivors of the Aden, provisions almost gone, no prospects of succor and drenched and famished,drew together and sang "God Save the Queen." They had then been thirteen days on the wreck. They were rescued four days later, at least forty-five of them were, and lam ed holt dead at Aden by the steamer Mayo. In alt eighty-six were drowned. CURED DV 6TII INGE MEANS. Doctors In Olden Times Prescribed Wondrous Potions. From the Cincinnati Inquirer. A fragment of a curious volume has fall en Into the hands of a local physician which graphically describes the methods of surgery of several centuries ago. When it is considered that anaesthetics were un known in those ancient days, the modus operandl of the surgeon of the sixteenth century must appear startlingly cruel In the light of the present day. The work Is that of Ambrose Parey, who. In 1579, being then the much famous “chirurgion" of his day, published a bulky volume which became such an established authority and held Us place for so long a time that seventy years afterward it was translated into English and published in London. In his first book he considers the gen eral phenomenon of the body in health and disease, and In the chapter relating to temperaments and humors he writes: "An humor is called by physicians what thing soever is liquid and flowing in the body of living creatures Inclosed with blood." Pro ceeding to the "manifold divisions of hu mors,” he separates them Into four parts, distinct, in color, taste, effects and quali ties. namely, blood, phlegm, choler and melancholy. Exact in his subdivisions, he says: "All men ought to think that such humors are wont to move at set hours of the day as by a certain peculiar motion of tide. Therefore, the blood flows from the ninth hour of the night to the third hour of the day; choler to the ninth hour of the day. Then melancholy the blood flows from the ninth hour of the night Is under the dominion of phlegm. Equally curious Is the following on spirits, which he divides Into "animal,” "vltall" and “naturall.” "The animal spirit hath taken his seat In the brain. It is called animal because It Is the life, but the chief and prime Instru ment thereof. Wherefore It hath a most subtile and airy substance. This animal spirit Is made and hartiored hi the wind ings and foldings of the veins and arteries of the bra n, brought thither aometimes of the pure air, or sweet vapor drawn in bv the nose In breathing. The vital eplrlt is next to It In dignity end excellency, which hnlh Its chief mansion In the left ven tricle of the heart. The natural spirit. If such there Is- any, hath Ms station In the liver and veins.'* Describing ‘certain Juggling and deceit- ful ways of healing of cures by such means as fear, surprise and even by music for spider bin', the music causing ihe pi t.-ent lo dance so lustily that he shakes ill ihe poison out of tils system." he Mims up some of those heroic remedies thus: "I would not cast the patient headlong out of a window. But would raihcr cast them sodatniy, and thinking of no such thing. Into a great cistern tilled with eold wgto", with their heads foremost; neither would I take them out until they had drunk a good quantity of water, that by Hint sodnld fall and strong fear the matter causing the frenzy might be carried from above downward from the noble parts to the Ig noble." A medicine upon which he dilates at great length Is "mumrnle." referred to as the usual remedy for contusions, and he describes It ns follows: "Mumtnle is n liquor flowing from the aromatick embalmens of dead bodies, which becomes dry ami hard," and lie ng ground Into medicine, was "administered either in whole or potion lo such as have fallen front high places, the firs! and last medicine of almost all our practitioners ai this day In such case.” He also gives some grew some facts ron necied with the preparation of "tmimm e" when he says: "Certain of our French apothecaries, men wondrous audacious and covetous to steal by night the bodies of such as were hanged and embalming them with salt and drugs they dried them In an oven so to sell them thus adulterated In stead of true mumrnle. Whereupon we an- thus compelled botti foolishly and cruelly to devour the mangled and putrid panicles of the carcasses of the hnsest people of Egypt, or of such os are hanged, as though there were no other way to help or recover one bruised with a fall from a high place.” STORY OF % fIIINESF. HIORO. Thirty-Six Ilnurs' Fight Against Wind, Waves and Exhaustion. From the Youth's Companion. Heroes are of all nations. A story told by Mr. Granville Sharp of Hong Kong concerns the deed of a Chinaman who has 08 good a right to the fitle of hero as any man who ever stepped aboard a boat. Mr. Sharp was on a steamer chartered by the French government to tuke troops and admiralty stores from Hong Kong to Tonron, the first French settlement In China. The captain had been ordered to make Inquiries of the fishing liolus In the bay re specting some Frenchmen Who had been cast away. While pursuing his Inquiries he was so unfortunate as to run his steam er over a rock. To stive her from total loss he beached her, and then engaged two Chinese Junks lo tuke him and his crew to Hong Kong. The crew went In the larger Junk, while Mr. Sharp went with the captain In Hie smaller one, which presently met with n terrible Typhoon, lasting more than two days. Masts and bulwarks were swept away and the rudder broken. The Chi nese captain of the Junk, together with hts crew, believing that death was at hand, went below, got some opium and became Insensible, Fortunately three Chinese firemen, taken from the steamer, were on the Junk. They had been fishermen and know the coast. To these three men the Junk was commit ted, and they handled It as best they could In such a elorm. Three times the rudder was broken, and three times they repaired it. Of the t'hree men only one was able to steer well enough to save the damaged rudder. He had lo keep a constant watch upon the waves, and be ready lo ease off the wind as they approached. With no one to relieve' him this man stood at his task, the rain falling In streams without cessation. For thirty-six hours the brave fellow never once lei go his hold. A boy stood by him and pul food between his lips al In tervals, to afford him strengt h to con Unite his almost hopeless task, lie saved the Junk and all aboard her, and won his place among Ihe heroes of the world. SPECIAL NOTICES* SPECIAL NOTICE. City of Savannah, Ga., Office Clerk of Council, Idee. 23, 1899.—The following or dinances nre published for Ihe information of all concerned, and notice Is hereby given that In acordanoe with the provis ions of the said ordinances, all obstruc tions In the shape of bicycle racks and other encroachments beyond the limit pro vided for must be removed by the 2d day of January, 1900, or the parlies so offending will be placed upon the Information docket by the City Marshal. WM. P. BAILEY, Clerk of Council. It shall and may be lawful for any per son or persons lo display their goods, wares and merchandise on the sidewalks of said city In front of their places of business In show cases or otherwise, pro vided that no person or persons shall oc cupy more lhan two (2) feet (6) six inches from the wall or front of such place of business with any goods, wares or mer chandise, or with any show case for the same, and that no person or liersons shall be permitted to put any of their goods, wares or merchandise on the curb or fur ther than (2) feet (6) six inches from the wall or front of such place of business, provided, that nothing herein contained shall be taken to give any person or per sons any rights in the streets of the city of Savannah which may not be revoked at will by the said the Mayor and Aider men of the city of Savannah In Council asembled. Any person or persons who shall ob struct the streets or sidewalks of said city except as permitted by the ordinances of the city shall, on conviction thereof In the Police Court, be fined In a sum not ex ceeding one hundred dollars or Imprisoned not more than thirty days In the discre tion of the Mayor or Acting Mayor pre siding In said court. PROPOSALS wanted. City of Savannah, Office Director of Public Works, Savannah, Ga., Dec. 22, 1899. Sealed bids will he received ai this office until Monday, Jan. 1, 1900. at 12 o'clock noon, city lime, to furnish the city of Savannah with supplies until Feb. 1, 1900. All proposals must be made on offi cial forms, which can be secured at this office on and after Saturday, Dec. 23, 1899. Envelopes to be marked "Proposals for Supplies." The city reserves the right to reject any or all bids. Bids to lie opened In the presence of bidders. GEO. M, GADSDEN, Director. BIDS WANTED. City of Savannah. Office Director of Public Works, Savannah, Ga., Dec. 22, 1899. - Bids will he received at this office until Monday, Jan. 1, 1900, at 12 o'clock noon, city lime, for furnishing feed as fol lows: No. 1 Timothy hay per 100 pounds; beat quality feed bran per 100 pounds; best quality corn per bushel; best quality mixed oats; to be weighed at the city lot. Envelopes to be marked "Bids for Feed." The city reserves the right to reject any or all bids. Bids to be opened In the presence of bidders. 080. M. GADSDEN. Director. ELECTION OF CITY PRINTER. City of Savannah, Office Oletk of Coun cil. Dec. 30, ',B99.—Notice la hereby given that an election for the office of City I'rlmcr fer he year J9ot will take place at the meeting of Council lo be hefl on Wednesday, the 27th day of December, 1899. lids lor same must b- handed in Ihl* office on O' l ef.re ihe 27th day of Decem ber. 1899, 2 p. m. The city reaerve* the right io reject any or a I Olds WM. P. DAILEY, Clerk of Council. JtProf, Dexter One of the Most Sneeexsful ta il"'l'll. Lang anil Throat Specialists la the World. FORTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE. We have letters on tile at our office from the late I’. M. Grant, ex-Priridcnt Arthur, Samuel J. Tilden, Gen. F. T. Dent, brother-in-law of the late U. S. Grant; Gen. Cutter, ex-Paymastqr United Htates Navy; Gen. Spinner, ex-Unlted States Treasurer under the late Abraham Lincoln: Mrs. John G. Carlisle, wife of United States Treasurer Carlisle of Ken tucky. In President Cleveland's Cabinet, Washington, D. C.; C. H. Jones, former Editor of the New York World, and many others quite as prominent. From n Very Prominent Gentleman of This City, flie Owner of Oar of the Largest lingeries In This City. Prof. Dexter: Savannah, Ga., Nov. 16. 1890. Dear Sir-When 1 went under your treat ment two weeks ago I was In a very low slate of health, suffering from lung trouble, kidney disease, sore throat and general debility of the whole system. I was also a great sufferer from heart af fection. 1 am now feeling fine. When I came to you I could not sleep, I could not retain food on my ntomach. I was in such a weak condition that I could not even relnln on my stomach beef tea. I call now cat any and all kinds of food, and It docs not cause me a bit of trouble; and ns for sleep, the moment I strike the bed T am asleep and never wake up till morning. I am positive that I am in per fect health and am working hard every day. If the public Ihink that the only treatment you give your patients is sim ply to make a few passes over their body, they are mistaken. A more thorough treatment could not be given and I wish to say that 1 am very thankful to you. Prof. Dexter, for the great good you have done me, and 1 believe you can cure any one If they are not dead. The public well know that I would not write you a letter of this kind If the facts were not Just as 1 state. Thanking you. Professor, for re storing mo to health, I remain yours truly. A. J. Hermes, 1601 Bull street. Prof. Dexter wishes to state that hs curett all diseases. Consultation free. Office over Lyons', Broughton and Whit aker streets. Hours 10 to 1, 2 to 6, 7 to 8 p. m. Noted physicians assist the Pro fessor. The Professor guarantees to cure all old chronic blood and nervous rtfs eases, no matter of how long standing. We manufacture all our remedies. Over five thousand testimonials can be seen at our office from those we have cured. We have many testimonials from the most noted people In this country that have been restored to perfect health by Prof. Dexter. Call and see the largest book of Ita kind In the world, filled with thous ands of letters from thoiie cured. Di plomas hang on the walls of our office, office very private. We never publish the name of a patient or the disease we euro them of without their consent. All business strictly confidential. Quite a number of our patients have given ita permission to give their names and ad dress to those who wish to find out the great good they have received, hut not to have their name and address published in the newspapers. A MINE XI IC.NTS. gAUANNAH THErtTBKr^ DEC. 27 AND 28, THELAMBARDI Italian Grand Opera Cos. OF niLAN, ITALY. WEDNESDAY NlGHT—(Blset) “CARMEN.” THURSDAY MATINEE—(Verdi) “RIGOLETTO.” THU Its DAY NlGHT—(Verdi) “IL TROVATORE.” SKINORINA STEFANIA COLLAMARINI. MEZZO-SOPRANO. SIQNORINA AMELIA SASTENI, LYRIC-SOPRANO. SIGS. RUSSE and PETROUISH, TENORS. SIGS. BUGAMELLI and GALAZZL BARYTONB&. SIG. BERGAMI, BASSO. 68 artists, 14 stars, grand chorus, superb orchestra. Price—BOc to *1.50. Matinee 25c to *l. Seats on sale Monday. RACES! RACES! Christmas Day -AT- Thunderbolt Driving Park Trotting, Running and Pacing. THE OREATEBT RACE CARNIVAL IN THE HISTORY OF THE TRACK. STAR PERFORMERS OF THE 810 TRACKS WILL START IN ALL THE EVENTS. 40-THOROUGHBREDS—4O will line up for the word In the running races. Horses called at 3 o'clock. Two and a. half hours of racing. A. P. DOYLE, Manager. SAVANNAH THEATER. CHRISTMAS MATINEE AND NIGHT DEC. 25. The fascinating farce, “MR. PLASTER OF PARIS.” PRlCES—Matinee, children 25c, adults 59c; Night, 25c, 50c. 70c, sl. TELFAIR ACADEMY -OF- A RTS AND SCIENCES. — Gallery ol Pamlinqs and Siulplure— Open to visitors dally, except Sunday, From 10 a. m to 5 p. m Single admission 25c. Annual ticket* *L II 1 i IVAN! aOOD material and work, order your lithographed and printed stationery and blank books (tool Morning News, Bavaooab, Ga. 7