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14 . KND @ U ® FLORIDA. GEORGIA. The Price Free Library will be opened lo the Macon public one day this week. All (he arrangements for the event have ab:>ut lea com. It tod and the building itse.f is In rerteci order to receive the store of cent’ifcutlons which have arrived. Mr. "WUliam Morris, aged 97 years, died Friday nieht at Alpharetta. “Uncle Billy,’’ tile was famiila ly called, was the ol .cat lrs n in that county. He wus an honest, vprt:ht, law-abiding citizen. He leaves a W.' ow tir.d several children to mourn hit loss. Tom Wll iatns. a negro man, living in th< southern portion of Albany hit his * jr>- in the fnce with a burning lamp la-/, flight in! ’- leg eertous Injuries. The ofnnn will i jn<t!,s.s lose both eyes, it,-she recovers, >• ems doubtf'i',vnls morning. Wil li ms w; N"Js*or'and 1 )dged In Jail. Mr. Thomas Hardy was accidentally killed Thursday at Chipley. Mr. Hardy was strutting llghtwood and his pistol fel. out of his pocket. The ball nte ed Ids breast, killing him Instantly. The e'e ceased was 35 years old and leaves a wife end one child lo mourn his untimely death. The Columbus City Council has changed the whisky ordinance, making the hour ol closing for saloons 10 o’clock Instead of 32 o’clock, as In the past. The change was vigorously opposed by a number ol aldermen and a tie voted resulted. Mayor Chappell cast hla vote in favor of 1C o’clock. The Council then tied on various amendments and the Mayor voted “no” in each Inatance. The itatement given out to the effect that the tialarles of the professors at (he State Normal School were not changed by the commission at Its meeting a few days since in Atlanta was erroneous. On ac count of the failure of the legislature to appropriate money for sanitary and other purposes, the commission was forced to make a cut In the salaries of the profes sors. They reduced all the salaries hy a graduated scale from that of the president down. Moultrie Observer: We believe that a Colquitt county grand Jury will readily recommend that the dog tax law become operative in this county. The taw is a good one. Intended for the protection of the sheep Industry, and as Colquitt is the banner sheep county of the state, it would seem strange If her people didn’t want the sheep protected. If n dog Is worth as much as a hog. he ought to be taxed, and if he isn’t worth the prescrib ed tax, he certainly ought to be killed, and what he eats fed to the pigs. We hots' that the next grand jury will act firmly on this mailer. Woodbine Southeast Georgian: Old man Ready Johnson, a colored man who lived rear 'he big road between Woodbine and rots urg, fell Into the tire Wednesday mo ning and was so badly burntd that he died on Thursday. The old man lived alone ind his relgbbo s hearing him scream ran to his house and found him on the bed v'th hi ob thing and the bed clothes on : r . They extinguish'd the flames and did it | , fey " ru'd *o relieve his sufferings. It seems that the old man was subject to Ills and tad fnl en Into the nre several times le ore, and it Is supposed that he fall in ire fire and was burning, when he crawl ed t the bed and set it on tire with his bt rn'ng clothes. W. T. Channel, the young Mississlpplan, who is un'er sentenec© of deaih for the murder of Postmaster Thompson, of O enwood. Montgomery county, will prob abl ■ 4 now his fate next Tuesday. The res -1,1 e ie-ently g'ven to the condemned man will exp re Friday, Jan. 5, and unless hts b- ntc ce is commuted, he will hang that day. The prison commissioners have fixed next Tuesday as the day when 'hey will tender their judgment in the case, and as soon as thpir recommendation is received by the Governor he will take up the mat ecr for a final decision. Channel was railroad agent at Glenwood and had re st:'ed-in Montgomery county but a short time befo.e the killing. The pec>p!e of Buena Vista were shocked Friday morning al the arrest of A. K. Pickard, charged with arson. Last Sat urday nigbt Dr. Edwards, who lives at Taswell, seven miles east of ths place, lost by Are three small store houses and their contents, amounted to tome $5.W> no insurance. It Is now charged that voung Mr. Pickard, a clerk in ano her store at Taswell. in company with Grunt Carson, colored, set lire to the prope ty. Carson tried to escape, but was arres ed fifteen miles below Americus. He alone tells the story of Pickard’s connection in the matter. Carson Is a very bad retro, and the people at Buena Vista are Inconel to believe Pickard innocent. Mr. Pickard is a young man highly respected and be longs to one of the best families liv.ng in that community. Americus Times-Recorder: The many friends of Mies May Wheatley, the bright and talented young daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George D. Wheatley, are congratu lating her upon winning two handsome prizes yesterday lta a contest open to all of youthful Georgia. Recently the Apple ton Company offered a prize of S4O in gold for the best composition written upon “The Mining and Agricultural Resources of Georgia." and this was supplemented by a prize of $lO in gold offered by Ma). Van Holt Nash, of Atlanta, for the best composition upon any subject. Little Miss Wheatley went in for both and won, though among her competitors were hun dreds of Georgia girls her seniors by sev eral years. It was an honor of which she may well be proud and reflects most cred itably upon the talent and ability of a school girl of 14. The Are insurance companies doing busi ness in Georgia are preparing to relieve the treasury of the stale of between $90,- W 0 and $1,000,000 of bonds deposited by them to secure the payment of their policy holders. The fire companies from other states and countries doing business in Georgia number between sixly and seven ty. The deposit formerly required of fire companies was $25,000, and under the old law there Is now on deposit in the treas ury the sum of $1,725,000, Including the bonds placed there by both fire insurance companies and guarantee companies. The m .hod to bt* pursued by each fire com pany In withdrawing $15,000 of ks bonds is a simple one. Controller General Wright has directed each company that has applied to him to surrender to the treasurer of the stale his receipt for the deposit in excess of SIO,OOO and the sur plus of $15,000 will be at once placed at the disposal of the company owning it. FLORIDA. Walter Griffin, a prominent young man of Greenville killed himself while hand ling hts pistol Friday evening. Henry M. Flagler, with a party of friends arrived at the inn at Palm Reach by special train Just before noon Thurs day The party is composed of Mr. Flag ler, Mr. and Mrs. W. H Ketain. Mlsa Ke nan nisi Mis- Karat) O Kenan of WJf* •ningfon. N. (V. W. It Kenan. Jr., of Mb agsra Falla. N. and Ml and Mrs. J L. Wise and tMel of Macon Ua. Vic# Fiesident J. R. Parrott anti General Su perintendent R. T. Goff of the Florida Most Coast Railroad were also on the speciol train. The arms and equipments of the Key West Naval; Reserves have arrived, and • the boys wia 1 scon be able to commence practice. TJhc arms consist of one Gat dng gun, ogle Hotchkiss rapid-firing gun, titty rifles, bayonets ami cutlasses. The Florida Foundry and Machine Works t Orlando has the contract for furr'rfilng the iron work for the packing * warehouse of Armour & Cos.. JT<\\ being ere ted in Tampa. The work la " The representatives of a Belgian syndi cate, viz. F. Prich, Prof. Edmond Le piae, Wllh. Flecker, A. Albeek, Louis Brutxioher, have been prospecting at Gulf Hammock for hardwood timber, minerals, etc. They have just left and are highly pleased with the outlook for further de velopments. Ocala Star: The postofllce at Welrsdale was robbed Oct. 12 and Dec. 13 of $5B. A reward of sjfl was offered for the arrest of the thief. He was captured yesterday and proves! to be Earl Simmons of that place. He was brought to Ocala nr.d put under a S>VX) bond for his hearing befor ■ I>. S. Williams. The startling announcement made in an afternoon paper Friday that Mayor Bow den of Jacksonville was "enjoying poor health” and in consequence was a)>out to resign his office, was received wilh gen eral astonishment. Inquiry developed the fact that Mayor Bowden has not tin slightest intention of resigning. Titusville Florida Star: Bean shipments are constantly going forward from this point and all stations along the coast down the river. With the recent cold snaps, which will stop shipments from nil points much further north, the truck grow ers along the East Coast ought lo reap a rich harvest of returns for their produce. Kissimmee Valley Gazette:' Oscar Bass tiled to "bust” a pine tree at Narcoossea on Christmas Day with a p-und of gun powder. The fuse went out. He under took to light It with a match. Some col ored men standing by picked him out of a bunch of palmettos about ten yards away and carried him home. W*e are sor ry to hear his face was badly scorched. Eden Correspondence Indian River Ad vocate: The scarcity of eggs in Eden Is appalling. For weeks we have walked in every ,1 rection looking for the delicious henfruit, and at last we succeeded in get ting a dozen, but evidently the hen that laid them was In her dotage. Little did the person to whom we bought them dream that he was throwing in seven small chickens, ail for 30 cents. Kissimmee Valley Gazette: R. G. Snowden, a former resident, came up from Winter Haven to spend Christmas In his old haunts. Having enjoyed himself to the full he started to walk home, but mistook his direction, and went north instead of south. Upon reaching Waterhouse’s mill he discovered his error and wa keel the ten miles back. When he got here he re merohored he had a return ticket In his pocket, so went back by train, which proves the value of a good memory. WITH FLORIDA’S TEACHERS. They Elected Officers, Passed Resolu tions and Adjourned. Tallahassee, Fla., Dec. 30.—The receptioi tendered the teachers of Florida by the lteopie of Tallahassee, at the Leon Hotel, last night, despite the inclemency of the weather, was a grand success, and the teachers declare it exceeded anything ever given them since the organizat’on of the association. At yesterday morning's session cf the association the business part cf the pro gramme was taken up first. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, Z. W. Ituchholz of Tampa; vice president. Miss Benella Davenport of Bartow; secretary .H. S. Phillips of Gainesville; treasurer, A. A. Muxphree of Tallahassee. Executive Committee—A. Williams of Bartow', S. Phillips of Bronson, W. A. Cate of Jasper, and H. E. Bennett of De- Funiak. Tampa was selected for the next meet ing of the association, against Orlando and Gainesville. The newly-elected president. Superin tendent Buehholz, was introduced and made a short speech, which was received with hearty applause. The resolution formerly introduced by J. H. Falks, providing for one summer school for teachers, was taken up. It was amended by substituting “five” for “one," and adopted. A committee was appointed to see that Florida was properly represented at the National Educational Association, when it meets at Charleston, The association ap propriated S2OO for this purpose. Popu lar subscript lons were called for, ml several hundred dollars Were subscribed. President Forbes of Stetson Univ> rs ty leading off with SSO. A financial statement was read, show ing the balance at last report to be *474.7*5; receipts since, $279, making a total of $771.67. Expended, $310.53; present bal ance, $461.09. A declaralkm of principles was read by Prof. Buchholz, and unanimously adopt ed, as follows: First. A higher maximum limit of tax ation for school purposes. Second. Terms to secure a uniform and truthful assessment of property through out the state. Third. Terms making it possible for the bonding of towns and communities for the erection of school buildings. Fourth. No lntereference with present examination laws, except to limit third grade certificate® to one year, reissuable once, and the issue of special eertifleot's to primary teachers and teachers of spe cial subjects. Fifth. Better provision for industrial training. Sixth. Practical education for negroes. Seventh. Liberal appropt la lions for summer sclvols. Eighth. Organization of public and professional libraries. Ninth. Organization of county bureaus on the plan of this Bureau of Public in terest to co-operate therewith. Tenth. Widest und freest possible dis cussion of all educational questions. The customary resolutions of thanks were read and unanimously adopted. The business part of the programme was resumed, site.* which, at 12 o'clock, the association adjourned sine die. by singing the long-metre doxology: “Praise God. From Whom All Blessings Flow." —“Pa," said the small boy, his eyes look in* longingly at the new mechanical top, "you've showed me how to work it now for an hour Is*t me try.”—Philadelphia North American. --First Populist—" They say tax-ad In Kim berley Is wellin' at three shillin’s a loaf." Heeond populist “It must lie aggravatin' to have rich a state of affairs an’ not tar a tit* to blame it on a trust,"—f'uvlt. THE MOFNING NEWS: SUNDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1800, OE.\. WHEELER'S WAR HORSES. He Is to Write of Sixteen Killed I niter Him In Untile. Pine Crest Villa. Malt.and, Fla., Dec. 30—Maj. Gen. Evander Mclver Law of the Florida Military Institute, t Bartow, has formally announced his slaff as com mander cf the United Confederate Vet erans of this state and he seems to have made his selections with praiseworthy care and excellent Judgment. Col. Fred L. Robertson, the well-known Brooksviile editor, whose military bearing and Con federate gray uniform have always been conspicuous at reunions, is assistant ad jutant general, and Col. D. E. Maxwell of the Florida Central and Peninsular Railway, is inspector general, a position he is fully competent to till. He was a gallant captain in the Confederate army, and since ihe war has served several times on the Governor’s staff, with credit to himself and honor to the state. Before his recent severe Illness Col. Maxwell, in manner and movement, as well as in per sonal npiamrance, resembled his old com rade, Gen. John 11. Gordon One of Gem Law’s aide-de-camps is ex-Gov. H. L. Mitchell, of Tampa, with the rank of ma jor. I am proud of the many deserted t ib ules paid to Maj. Mark Newman and his estimable wife of Sandersyille, Ga., mi (hi recent celebration of thti *go <i*n weidi tg. for I never knew a more “golden hearted,” lovable gentleman than this once gal ant Confederate soldier, and now honored cit izen. 1 first met him at Sar.de:sville dur ing the famous Corday llarri-t negro in surrection. where I represented the New York Herald and the Morning News dur ing that exciting time and also nt the li ter trials in court, and to Maj. Newman's kindly and generous nature, I was In debted for many appreciated courtesies. Since then I have met him In various meetings, conventions, etc., and always found him the same genial, warm-hearted, courteous gentleman. i last remember him as a conspicuous and honoied and * egate to the Confederate reunion in Cut*. la noil, where his old comrades gave him n hearty and slneere greeting. Washington county owes Savannah a lasting debt of g at tude for giving her not only such a Chris ian gentleman in private and bus ness circles, but the “best Ordinary” In the nation—as his twenty or more years of fabhful s r vlce have proved. The life r,f such a man cannot tie prolonged beyond the limit of usefulness to his generation. Mr. Charles Edgeworth Jones, in his se rial History of Georgia, speaks of the late Gen. Henry C. Wayne as adjuiant gener al of the state at the close of the Civil War, and then refers to “Brigadier Gener al John Mclntosh Kell, the present adju tant general, which is rather misleading to those unacquainted with ihe facts. Gen. Wayne was a West Pointer, and an ac complished regular army officer, and serv ed the state when a great war was in progrtss and full generals and lieutenant generals as well as major generals and brigadier generals were frequently on duty wl'hin her borders. Since the war, how ever, the office of adjutant general has been, some of the time a cross between military and civil duties, but is now pure ly military, yet with the lower rnnk of colonel. Several times the office has been filled by* near relatives of the Governor, the appointing power. During my ac quaintance with the Georgia military, some thirty years, there has never been a bilgadier general “in it,” so far as I know. Alabama and South Carolina and Florida, with fewer, and in some cases poorer, organizations, have had their ma jor generals and brigadier generals (not a few, however, only on paper) and their ad jutants general with rnnk of brigadier generals. Here In Florida, with hardly a full regiment—of any—the adjutant gener al ranks as a major general. Georgia—with her full regiments and grand military his tory—nowhere shows up even a single bri gadier general. In the death of Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton, U. S. V., the regular army has lost one of its ablest and most trusty civilian soldiers. Without the usual West Point Military Academy training, he went into the regular army from the volunteers of the Civil War, and yet in no position in which he was placed, whether in the war department at Washington, on inspec tion services around the country, or, best of all, displaying his valor and fine sol dierly qualities in the frontier Indian wars, did he ever fall short of the con fidence placed in his rare ability, clear Judgment und superior courage. He came to the Spanish-Ameriean war in Cuba a model brigadier general, and won there the earliest honors (hat have made his name a household word the world over. I shall never forget the deep impression my official Intercourse with him nt Tampa made upon me, although for years and years I had been intimate with famous generals of much higher rank. There was, to use a homely but good phrase, “no nonsense about him,’’ but In every ac tion and expression he showed himself a born soldier of the finest type. He served his country well and died us he had lor.g wished to die, on the field of battle, with his face to the foe. He deserves all the honors his country and his countrymen can bestow upon his memory. “No storied urn, nor animated bust, Hack to its mansion calls the fleeting breath; Nor Honor's voice arouse the silent dust, Nor flattery soothe the dull cold ear of death." It Is safe, I think, to say that there are thousands of Confederate veterans who wi’l be glad to know' that Lieut. Gen. Joseph Wheeler. C. S. A., but now a Brigadier General in the United States army, has consented to write an article for the Youth’s Companion of Boston, en titled “My War Horses." Now when it is remembered that this gallant and fear less “Little Joe” Wheeler of Confederate Cavalry fame, had sixteen horses shot from under him in his raids an.l cam paigns, as well ns a number wounded, the announcement means something of un usual interest to all classes of readers, who are always anxious for such war narratives from either side In tho Civil War. “What, sixteen horses shot from tinder h m and yet he still alive to tell the story?" asks some “Doubting Thomas.” Gen. Wheeler may have had charmed life in Imttle. but where scores fell close at his side the brave little hero himself, although wounded, escaped the deadly fire of the enemy. What mi array of killed and wounded officers the memory of those ■ War Horses” calls up! Let me mention some of -them, by way of emphasis: Gen Robertson, chief of staff; Cols. Dunlap, King. Wade. Grenfell, Wadklns, Mr- Nairy. Dawson and Shannon; Majs. Hud son, Wailes, Pointer, Wright, Prent.ee, Turner and Humes (later on a brigadier general); Capts. Telfair, Hodgson, Steele, Rudd. Staples and Warren; Lleuts. Harris. Bellinger, Lacey, Hill, Walker, Taylor and Patten, all killed or mounded while? serv ing on Gen. Wheeler’s staff. Capt. Rudd being killed by the same shell that wound ed the general. And .the horses that Gen. Wheeler is to write about were ac tor* in these death struggles between contending armies. What a thrilling nar rative It must prove to be, and who, of nil the world’s great military commanders, ever had such an experience? Sidney Herbert. —ln the electric supply station* In Lon. don Ihe ho lers and engines in use tire di vided as follows; Water tulie, 75.5 per rent.; murine. I! per cent.; Lancashire, 5.6 per cent.; r.i.scell,menus, ft per rent ; while the engines me lilgti speed, H 2 a per cent.; |ow-|m—<i vertical, £Z ** . will | low-speed horizontal, t.2i per cent.; spe cial, t, 26 per Mil Direct coupling is uni i vtraal. OIK TRADE WITH HI SSIA. America Is Proving u Must Formid able Rival to England. Washington, Deo. 30,—American goods, and especially American manufactures, are making rap.d gains in popularity in Russia. This fact is shown, not only by the increased total of our exports to that country, but by t le w irnings which the consular representatives ol other nations in Russia are senoing to their home gov ernments respecting the popularity of American .goods aid the success of Amer ican merchants in their business methods. British consuls ir. Russia have recently sent to their government a series of state ments upon this stbject, copies of which have just been received by the treasury buteau vf statistics, and from which, the following exfracls are iaken; The British coh;ul at Kieff, in his re port, says: “Wh’le Germany Is talked übout as our greatest r.val in the mar kets of the world, th. re do3 not seem to be the same attention paid to the rapid ly developing ccmpeti.ion of America. The strides America is making are start lingly apparent in th- foreign trade. The agricultural machinery trade i3 practical ly controlled hy America, the trade in du plex and other entam pumps is more or less American, t:e introduction of im proved machine tor is is due to America, which is now reaping the benefit of prac tical ideas combimd with utility, and now the supply of fixed steam engines to tlie foreign markets is being energetically pushed.” The British consul at Odessa writes: "Cycles of English make tire held in high esteem, but they are distanced by Amer ican machines. Our cot ns across the Atlantic can supply good cycles 40 per cent, cheaper than those of English make, ar.d can. therefoie. easily undersell the latter. The reason o' this difference in price is to be found in the fact that the American bicycles have many of those parts cast which in Engl sh machines are turned. The German cycles have a good reputation for durability, and consequent ly. though little cheaper than English machines, have a fair sa'e.” Ppeaking of the popularity of American agricultural machinery in Russia, the Brit ish consul genera] at Odessa says: “In reapers and binders America still enjoys the monopoly of this market. Hand reap ers still command a ready sale, though tloy are gradually being superceded by self-reapers and binders. During the past year trade in agricultural machinery of English make has been fairiy brisk, and lucrative, in spite of a failure of the crops in several provinces bordering on the Black sea, nnd notwithstanding a rise in pti es ranging from 7 to 15 per cent. This activity was undoubtedly due to the abro gation of the heavy customs duty on cer tain agricultural requisites. There has Iteen an increase! demand for portable engines and thrashers of English make, nnd In this class of machines we may hope to hold our own against foreign riv als.” The consul general also quotes the British consul at Kieff as saying that “grass mowers, reapers, and horserakes— all of Amriean make—found a ready sale. Horse thrashing machines and horse gears were in good demand." The following table shows the exports from the United States to Russia in each year from 1893 to 1899: Fiscal year— -1893 $ 2,447,414 1894 6,991,330 1895 6,1(52.793 1895 8.H64.652 1897 8.016,218 1898 7,954,197 1899 10,029,783 AN ANECDOTE WITH A MORAL. Secretary Wilson Learned Parlia mentary Law While Harvesting. From the Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post. The present Secretary of Agriculture when about 15 years of age came to this country with his parents and settled in Connecticut, but soon removed to lowa. Not long ago an old friend of Secretary Wilson wrote to him that in going over some old books a volume had come to light which bore upon the fly-leaf the auto graph of one James Wilson of Traer, la. He forwarded the little sixteenmo volume, and the secretary recognized it as his old companion of thiity years ago. “I remember.” said Mr. Wilson, in re ferring to it, “that when I was first elect ed to the Legislature in lowa I did not know so much about parliamentary proce dure as I thought a representative should In order to be useful to his constituents and at ease on the floor of the House. It behooved me to learn something about the rules of order.and to that end I sent for a copy of Cushing’s Manual, that famous little book which has been Indispensable to so many state and federal legislators. This is the identical copy that I bought fully thirty years ago. "The book reached me, as it happened. Just when we were busiest with the corn harvest. It was the custom In those days —and I suppose still is—for three men to accompany the wagon into which the ears of corn. Tvf re thrown as gathered. Ore man walked on each side of the wagon and gathered the ears from two rows, while the third man went behind and gath ered the corn what was called tho ‘down row,’ otherwise the row which was press ed down by the W'agon body passing over it. In consideration of the f>ct that be had to stoop more or less to do his woTk his one row was held to be a fair third of the whole job. "I could not stop work to study Cush ing’s Manual, and I had very little fro? to master it before the meet’ng of tbs Legislature. 1 thought I could work and study, perhaps, at the same time, the manual work being mechanic?!, so I took to myself the labor of the ’dewn row’ and found I had some intervals of leisure whi e the other men were doing their two tows apiece. The book I fixed between the tail or the wagon and the Iron rod which held Its two sides together. I could take an eyeful of Cushing and digest it men'ally while gathering the corn, a process which seems unfavorable to close study, hut which I found quite practicable. 1 got a pretty good idea of the manual, and when the Legislature met my knowledge of the rules was quite invaluable to me. “It is hardly necessary.” added the sec retary, “to point the moral of this story - he who runs may read; but the Very ob vious benefit I derived from utilizing those spare minutes in the cornfield taught me something of the value of time which I hope I have not forgotten. To be su e. one can't keep the bow bent all the time; the mind must relax occasionally or It will In*? its elasticity; but it Ik umhnlable that any man who Is sufficiently In earnest abmt It ma.v acquire much useful know.edge by employing the mere unconsidered moments that jure gent rally wasted." Three terms in ail Mr. Wilson served In the Legislature of lowa, and was Speaks of the House during the third. Latei in life his fellow-citizens sent him to repre sent them In the wider field of the nation al legislature. -Germany will mttk a large display of machinery at the Pads Exposition. Two ;< ad.ng firms will each have a dynamo act. uated by a iVoo-horse-power engine; the one company <>f Cologne will have one of i.iwu-horse-power Installation, and a noth* r of Krarikfort-on-the-Maln will have one of 14.U00 bores-power. The crane which is io Is- used rot ttunsporting tteavy ma chines in Hu- central gallery will be cap able of raising twenty-five ton* to a bight of (ofiff UtU HOW THE BISON PERISHED. RII.I.IONS OF THEM SLAIX HA MI STERS IX A FEW YEARS. One Herd That \\ a* Fifty Miles W ide anil Took. Five Dnyf* to Pa**—.An other TJiat Overturned a Railroad Train In Katina*—A neploralile War of Extermination. From the Scientific Amertcen. One of the mo-i extraordinary events that has characterized the last half of the pr-sent century is the extermination, the wiping out, of the American bison. There is little use in resorting to invective or endeavoring to stigmatize those who are guilty cf this crime, bur it would be well if the acts could be held u;> in a bright light, that those who committed them might be excoriated in the time to come, when a few bones and pictures will alone tell the story of a mighty race swept from the face of the earth by the civilized peo ple of the nineteenth century. “In 1870, and later,” said on army officer to the writer, “the plains were alive with bison, and in crossing at places I had dif ficulty in avoiding them, so vast were the herds, if any one had told me then that in twenty or thirty years they would have become almost entirely extinct, I should have regarded the statement as that of an insane person.” That so many of these animals could have been ki led in mere wcnienness seems incredible when their vast numbers are realized. We first hear of the bisen 'rom Cortez and his followers in 1521. Monte zuma had one in a zoo oeical garden, the specimen, in ail probability, having been caught in Ooahuila. In 1530 Cabeza saw them In Texas; and in 1512 Coronado found a herd in what is now the Indian Terri tory; one of his officers describing them as horrible beasts that demoralized the horses. In 1612 Sir Samuel Argoll observ ed herds of bison near the national capi tal, and, in all probability, 287 years ago herds of bison grazed on the site of the capltoi building at Washington. In 1678 Father Hennepin observed them in what is now Northern Illinois, and in October, 1729, Coi. W. Bird saw herds In North Catolina and Virginia. These and other facts have provided data by w,hieh the early geographical dis tribution of the bisen has been deiermhe t, and it is known that this grand anima', that is to-day represented by a few indi viduals, formerly ranged in millions f om the Atlantic seaboard to the Gulf of Mex ico, from Texas to the Great Slave Ink-, and as far West as Central Nevada. As to their numbers, they were like the sand; of the seashore, and the accounts given by those who hunted them twenty or thir ty years ago, to-day seem like vagaries of a disordered imagination. Mr. Hornndav, who has hunted in South and Central Af rica, where game is remarkab’y plentiful, states that the bison of this country pre vious to 1870 exceeded, in ail probability, all the African game of every kind. An army officer in service on the plains In 1807 stated to the writer that on one oc casion he was surrounded by buffaloes, and that from the tap of a small hill he could see nothing but a black mass of their bodies. It was impossible to es timate their numbers, and the party were in great fear lest they should be caught in a stampede, the rush being irresistible. Col. Dodge, in his memoirs, states that on one occasion he rode twenty-five miles in Arkansas, always being in a herd of buf faloes, or many small herds, with but a small separating strip between them. The animals paid but little attention to him, merely moving slowly out of the way or advancing, bringing the w-hole herd of thousands down on him with the roar of an avalanche. This he met by standing fast and firing when they came within short range, the shot causing them to di vide. In one day, Col. Dodge kil ed twen ty-six bison from his wagon; not in sport, but as a protection. Otherwise they would have run him down and crushed man, horses and wagon. This herd observed by Col. Dodge was later found to be fifty miles wide and to occupy five days in passing a given point on its way north. From a high rock, from which points ten miles distant coul l be seen in every direction, the earth seem ed to be covered with bison. To make an accurate estimate of the numbers seen would be impossible, but Mr. Hornaday, by a conservative calculation, estimates that Col. Dodge must have seen 480,000 and that the herd eompris and half a million buffaloes. A train on tbe Kansas Pacific road in that state in 1868 pasesd between the towns of Els worth and Sheridan—l 29 miles—through a contin uous herd of buffaloes. They were packed so that the earth was black, and more than once the train was stopped, the surging mass becoming a menace to hu man safety. "You cannot believe the facts as they ex isted in the days of 1871-72," said an armv officer. "I was at that time on duty in the pay department, which made it nee essary for me to travel on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. One day the train entered a large herd, whicn scat tered and seemed to go wild at the shriek ing of the whistle and the ringing of the bell. As we went on the thicker they be came until the very earth appeared to be a rolling mass of humps so far as we could see. Suddenly some of the animals near est us turned and charged; others fell in behind, and down on us they came like on avalanche. The engineer stopped the engine, let' off steam end whistled to stop them, while we fired from the platforms and windows with rifles and revolvers, but it was like trying to stay a tidal wave. We stood in the center of the car to await the crash, some of the men going to the rear. On they came, the earth trembling and plunged heads down into us. Some were wedged in between the cars, other beneath; and so great was the crush that they toppled three cars over and actually scrambled over them, one buf falo becoming bogged by having his legs caught in the window. Such Incidents oc curred several times, and twice in one week were trains derailed by charging buf faloes. whose numbers It was impossible to compute. Hunters have heard the roaring of buffa loes at a distance of from three to five miles, and that the earth trembled when they charged we can well imagine when the large bulls are known to weigh 2,000 pounds, the cows 1,200 pounds. The ques tion of interest to-day Is how was it pos sible to destroy so many animols in so short a time and what methods were em ployed. The natural fatalities were few compared to the enormous numbers. The cow bison displays little affection for her young, and many calves were lost every year; hut. all in all, the conditions were extremely favorable to them, tind their increase was enormous. Many were de stroyed by stampeding over precipices. In 1867. 2,000 buffaloes, or half a herd, be came entangled in the quicksands of the Platte river. At another time a herd was lost by breaking through the Ice of Lao Qul Parle in Minnesota. The cold win ters sometimes killed many that remained in the Far North; but these dangers were ns nothing compared to man. Man soon found that the buffaloes had a value. The Indians slaughtered them by the thousand for their skins, bene and for food; they killed 100 oftentimes to secure five, and waste and prodlgsldy were the rule Yet so vast were dielr numl>rs that doubt - |. ss the Ind.an inroads upon th< tn had lit i It (■ I •kt.rmliijU .il Is i on rented Rut with the while man It was different, gone wish'd to moke records and killed for sport, some killed for the tildes and fistula, eome became professional buffalo butchers to provide the gangs of railroad men with meat, slaughtering a magnificent animal for ils tongue alone. It lias been estimated that previous to 1879 nearly three-quorters of a million buf faloes could have been killed yearly and the herds kept intact; how many were killed and wasted will never be known. Each animal, however, had a value at this time estimated by Hornaday at $5; the robe. $2.50; the tougue. 25 cents; hlndquar ter meat. $2; bones, horn and hoofs, 25 cents; and this was sufficient to attract an army of destroyers. The h des wete the greatest feature, and one firm in New York between 1876 and 1884 pain the kill ers nearly $1,000,000, or, to be exact. 8728.070. for the robes and hides, which represents the final extinction of the animal. The government never interfered, owing to protests of interested legislators and the neglect of higher officials. Another firm pnid $216,000 for robes and skins, and there were scores of private traders in the field. The word went out to kill everything in sight, and from 1876 there was a price cn the head of every buffalo. It was a dark and disagreeable subject to probe, but it is interesting to note some of the methods of these national calamity makers. A band of half breeds in two hunts, according to Ross, killed 47,770 buf faloes. 620 men being engaged in the sport, out of which about 30,000 animals were wasted or partly eaten. Hornaday esti mates that from 1820 to 1825 buffalo ex peditions went out composed of 610 carts each, killing 118,950 buffaloes. From 1825 to 1830 five expeditions, of 750 carts each, killed 146,250 buffaloes. From 1830 to 1875 six expeditions, of 895 carts, killed 174,528 animals. From 1835 to 1840 fifty-four ex peditions, of 1,090 carts each, killed 212,550 buffaloes. Total number killed by the Red River half-breeds alone in twenty years. 652.275. valued at $3,261,375. An interesting table has been furnished the government by the firm previously mentioned, J. & I lloskowiiz, showing the decline of the buf falo as an article of commerce. It shows that In nine years this firm handled 246,- 175 skins, costing $924,790. In 1878 they re ceived 41.258 robes; in 1883, 5,000; in 1884 none. The end had come, and the buffalo was a memory. dealer, Joseph LTlman, slates that in 1881 he handled 41,- 000 robes, valued at $3.50, and 12,000 at $7.50. In 3582 he purchased 40,000 hides at $3.50 and 10,000 robes at $8.50. The prices hunters received were: Cow' hide, $3; bull hide, $2.50; yearling, $1.50; calves, 50 cents. The expense of transportation brought the hide up to $3.50 in New York. This dealer in four years paid out $310,000 to these men, who killed buffaloes by the tens of thous ands for $2.50 a head. Both of the above mentioned dealers in eight years paid out $1,233,070 to the exterminators. That the real extermination of the buf falo was caused by the demands of trade there can be no doubt, aided and abetted by sportsmen, Indians and others; but the blame really lies with the government that in all these years permitted a few ig norant congressmen to block the Legisla ture in favor of the protection of the bi son, so that all the efforts of humanita rians were defeated and the bills when passed pigeon-holed. There are many methods of extermina tion that are graphically illustrated by paintings and models in the Smithsonian Institution. The still hunter was the most insidious enemy of the buffalo and a sin gle man by sneaking upon a herd has been known to kill 1,000 in a single season. One Capt. Jack Bridges of Kansas has the honorable (?) record of having killed 1,142 buffalos in six weeks. He took the contract to that effect and bagged hi 9 game. Up to 1870 there were undoubtedly several millions of buffaloes alive, but the lust for blood was on, and soon came the demand for robes and hides from the deal ers, and men who could not make a liv ing at anything else went out to kill buffa loes. In the different states the r e were regular killing outfits that cost, in rifles, horses, carts, etc., from $2,000 to $5,000. Such methods developed some famous characters. Buffalo Blit was one. He contracted with the Kansas Pacific Rail road to furnish them with all the buffalo the men could eat as the road was built; and, according to Mr. Cody's statement, they ate 4,280 buffaloes in eighteen months, for which he received $5OO per month, the price he paid for his title. Many buffaloes were killed by running them down; this was the popular method among the Indians, who shot them with rifle or bow and arrow, or chased them over precipices. The great herds north of the Missouri were mostly exterminated by the Indians of the Manitoba Red river set tlement, who hunted them In a regular army. One division of such an army of exterminators consisted of 603 carts, 700 half-breeds, 200 Indians. 600 horses, 200 oxen, and 400 dogs. The movements against the buffalo in Nebraska were of ten made by 3,000 people, and as each man killed at least ten, 30,bX) buffaloes bit the dust. In this way Indians as above killed it is estimated, 652,000 buffaloes. The completion of the western railroads divided the buffaloes into two herds, northern and southern. In 1871 the south ern herd was composed of an estimated 3,000,000, and from now on the animals dropped away so rapidly that It was esti mated that 3,000 or 4,000 a day were killed. It became evident that they were doomed, and appeals were made to the govern ment by hundreds. From 1872 to 1874 there were 1,780,461 buffaloes killed and wasted; 3,158,780 in all killed by white people and the skins shipped East over the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe road. During the same time the Indians killed 390,000; bo rides these settlers and mounted Indians killed 150,000, so that the grand sum total of these years was 3,698,780. In the follow ing year, 1875, the deed was done. The southern herd had been swept from the face of the earth; the northern herd went In the same way. In 1882 It -was believed there were 1,000,000 buffaloes alive in the herd, but there were at least 5,000 white hunters in the field shooting them- down at every point. Such a merciless war of extermination was never before witnessed in a civilized land. Then came 1883; thou sands took the field this year, aud Sitting Bull and some whites had the honor of killing the last ten thousand. There were living at the last government census, made eight years ago, 256 pure blooded buffaloes in captivity, the last of the untold millions that covered this con tinent during the past century. Reflections of n Bachelor. From the New York Press. Life is the oyster and love is the horse radish 6auce. Prosperity has Its disadvantages; it's the buttsr side of the dropped bread'that picks up the most dirt. There ought to be a law against any girl giving an old bachelor anything for Christmas that he can't eat. Convince a man and ho will generally own up to It; make a woman own up ro it and it's a good sign that she isn't con vinced. After a woman has found out that her husband was once in love with another woman it takes her about as ion- to lo c him again as much as she did as it d<d when she was a little girl to get used to her doll after her mother had got u new head put on it. w P. P. P., a wonderful medicine; it gives an appetite; It Invigorates and siretfgm ens. P. P. P. cures rheumatism and all pair.H in the side. back and should/ ' knees, hips, wrists anj joints n cures syphiills In all it. various t LS' old u.cers. sore and kidney romnlslru .. I>. P. cures catarrh, e.*e m . crTs u, ' , skin diseases and mercurial n, V P cures dyspi psta. chronlAe'Zu plaints and broken down cunstim ti j loss of manhood p j. j. *"<l purifier of the age ha- mode mor i, l naut cures than all other - ! ,r ! M ' Bros , sol. proprietors, OGean SteamsniD Go. -FOR IVew York, Boston —AND— THE EAST. Unsurpassed calfln accommodations. All the comforts of a modern hotel. Electrio lights. Unexcelled table. Tickets include meals and berths aboard ship. Passenger Fares from Savannah. TO NEW YORK—Cabin, S2O; excursion. $32. Intermediate, sls; excursion, s;t_ Steerage, $lO. TO BOSTON—Cabin, $22; excursion, S3B. Intermediate, sl7, excursion, S2B. Steer age, $11.75. The express steamships of this line ara appointed to sail from Savannah, Central (90th) meridian time, as follows: SAVANNAH TO MEW YORK. CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett, MONDAY, Jan. 1, 4:30 p. m. CITY OF MACON. Capt. Savage. TUES. DAY, Jan. 2, 5:30 p. m. TALLAHASSEE, Capt. Asklns, THURS DAY, Jan. 4, 7:00 p. m. KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, SATUR. DAY, Jan. 6, 9:00 p. m. LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, Capt. Hanlon. MONDAY, Jan. 8. 10:30 p. m. CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett. TUESDAY, Jan. 9, 11:00 p. m. CITY OF MACON. Capt. Savage, THURSDAY, fan. 11, 1:30 p. m. TALLAHASSEE. Capt. Askins, SATUR DAY, Jan. 13. 3:30 p. m. KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, MONDAY, Jan. 16, 5:00 p. m. LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, Capt. Hanlon, TUESDAY, Jan. 16, 5:30 p. m. CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett, THURSDAY, Jan. 18, 6:30 p. m. CITY OF MACON, Capt. Bavage, SAT URDAY, Jan. 20, 8:00 p. m. TALLAHASSEE, Capt. Asklns, MON DAY, Jan. 22, 9:00 p. m. KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, TUES DAY, Jan. 23. 10:00 p. m. LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, Capt. Hanlon, THURSDAY, Jan. 25, D;3O a. m. CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett, SATURDAY, Jan. 27, 1:30 p. m. CITY OF MACON, Capt. Savage, MON DAY, Jan. 29. 3:30 p. m. TALLAHASSEE, Capt. Askins, TUES DAY, Jan. 30. 4:30 p. m. SAVANNAH TQ BOSTON. Steamers CITY OB’ BIRMINGHAM, GATE CITY and CHATTAHOOCHEE sailing on irregular schedules. Steamers leave New York for Savannah at 5 p. m. dally, except Sunday, Monday and Thursday. The sailings between Bos ton and Savannah will be irregular. Call on W. G. BREWER, Ticket Agent, 107 null street. Savannah, Ga„ for Informa tion as to the time of sailing for Boston direct. W. G. BREWER, City Ticket and Pass enger Agent, 107 Bull street. Savannah, Ga. E. W. SMITH, Contracting Freight Agent, Savannah, Ga. R. G. TREZEVANT, Agent, Savannah, Ga. E. H. HINTON, Traffic Manager. JOHN M. EGAN, Vice President. AGENTS SCHAGHTICOKE POWDER CO. AM) I.AFLIN & HAND’S SMOKELSS POWDERS. EDWARD LOVELL'S SONS 113 BROUGHTON STREET, WEST. JAP-A-LAC! 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