Newspaper Page Text
6
GEORGIA, FLORIDA AND
SOUTH CAROLINA.
ne:\vs of the three st\tes pi t
T VPE.
GEOHGI
In the Onrroll county Free Press there
are the announcement? of nine can<Jl<iates
’for oounty treasurer, four for ordinary,
eight for *ax receiver, six for lax collec
tor. two for state '•* iat\ two for coroner,
ana one for clerk oi Superior Court.
BalnbrMge Democrat: Cairo, we le-arn.
is to have n sugar manufactory, which
will manufacture crude sugar, and this in
turn will demand a refinery. Thus do
other towns grow and thrivo while we
languish for the lack of just such enter
prises.
Wilkes Juhan, colored, was shot and
killed by Henry Brooks, a marshal at Bo
cunt Grove, while trying to escape from
the officer, who wanted him under?a war
rant charging a misdemeanor. The cor
oner’s jury declared the killing was “will
ful murder.” Brooks has escaped.
A communication has been received at
Fitzgerald from T. M. Goodman, grand
chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of
Georgia, 'stating that as the Democratic
fvrimaries are to be held on the day the
Grand Dodge was to convene there, May
35, he thought the latter would be post-
poned a week or two in consequence.
It is estimated that more than ten mill
ion dollars will bf invested in cotton mills
In Georgia this year. The mills already
under way in Columbus alone call for an
Investment f more than a million dob
lars. Then there is the new mil llon-do l
lar mid in Gainesville, to say nothing
of the smaller plants in a score or more
of the towns of Georgia.
According to advice received in New
York, Payne Strahan Moore, the Georgia
girl, who was the central figure in a cel
ebrated trial about a year ago, charges
being preferred against her by Martin
Mahon, a proprietor, tdnee deceased,
is now the center of attraction in George
Edwards’ “The Messenger Boy.” now ap
pearing at the Gaiety Theater in Dondon.
Judge E. F. Lawson of Waynesboro,
speaking of the race for solicitor of the
Augusta circuit, said: “Sentiment in
Burke is largely for Mr. Reynolds. Hav
ing been born in Burke, his family con
nections and influence will eventuate in
giving him a large majority. I find after
Intercourse with people from all parts of
the county that sentiment in his favor
is practically unanimous.*'
The Travel! rr Prott stive At i-tioi
to meet in Macon again this year, the
dates being the ]9th, 20th nnd 21st of April.
Macon has been preparing for this gath
ering for the past year, and the nrnm* •-
mente are now complete. The Chamber
of Commerce will assist the local post In
providing entertainment for the knights
of the grip. Several large manufacturing
concerns have prepared to give barbecues.
A letter written by the late A. H.
Kemp, ex-manager of the Western Union
Telegraph Company, who committed sui
cide in Macon Feb. 14, addressed to his
wife, was found in o,*ie of the bureau
drawers in the room occupied by the de
ceased Friday afternoon. Proprietor
Hendrix of the Park Hotel made the dis
covery while packing the furniture for
shipment, tind recognizing tjie handwrit
ing had the letter forwarded at once to
Mrs. Kemp. The contents are unknown,
but it is believed that it may contain an
explanation of the suicide.
FLORIDA.
The lowest estimate of next seasons’
orange crop around Courtenay is 4,500
boxes.
The coming summer will find Jackson
ville on the greatest building boom in its
history. Several large iral estate deals
have recently been made, and the agents
say that there are now several others
which will soon be ijiosed.
Starke Herald: Frank Clark is on a
“stumping tour” through the state. Clark
may fondle the baby, tell the old lady that
she is bewitching and admire the hid
man’s shoats, but that won’t prevent the
old gent from sticking In a vote for R.
W. Davis.
Jacksonville Metropolis: President
Purse of the Savannah Board of Trade
read his annual report Wednesday at a
meeting of the board, and in reviewing
the ujany occurrences of the last year
utterly ignored the effectiveness of artil
lery punch and chicken salad to accom
plish what the Spanish fleet and forts at
Manila failed to do—to throw Admiral
Dewey.
Leesburg Commercial: The heaviest
rains of the season visited this section this
week. The fall of rain at times was very
heavy and some damage has been done
to growing crops and newly planted fields.
In the flat woods. In the lakes and ponds
there has been a very perceptible rise of
■water. The soaked condition of low lands
In certain sections will delay planting
some.
Jim Beasley, the negro accuser} of at- j
tempting to bum tlie Macfarlane build- ;
ings. corner of Franklin and Bolk streets,
Tampa, last Monday night, and also of 1
sealing six pairs of trousers from the tail- |
or shep of A. Levin, where the incendiary ,
tire originated, was before Judge Kmlle '
Whitaker for a iireliminary hearing.Jurlge
Whitaker held Beasley for trial in the
sum oft 2,000 bail, which he was unable to
give.
Suwannee Democrat: There is a dog
in this place that is fast becoming an in
veterate toper. It is but a few months
of age, and has taken quite a liking to
Mr. T. V. Moose, whom he follows.
“Jack." for such is his name, has learned
to like ardent spirits very much, and
■whenever the opportunity presents itself
he “fills up” and gets on a “jag” the
same as any other of the boys who are
guilty of such, and whether he enjoys
it or not, he appears to, and furnishes
considerable amusements by his pranks
and antics.
The Bryan Democratic flub of Jackson
ville will use its utmost endeavors to have
a primary election call' and, and if a conven
tion is called they will urge the Import
-ance of it being called at an early date.
There Is one serious question which is al
so being considered, and 11 is whether to
allow all who will be vo:< rs In the Novem
ber election to participate in the selec
tion of delegates. The county committee
Is said to he very much divided on the
latter proposition, but It Is contended that
a majority of the members favor an ear
ly convention to elect the delegates to the
State and Congressional Conventions.
sot TH CAHOLIK a.
Oen. Wade Hampton was H 2 years old
Thursday. He still resides In Columbia,
S. C.
A commission for a charier has keen is
sued to ihe Farmers' Oil Mill of Green
wood. The capital stock Is ii,..
corporators arfM S. Halley iv l{
Mays and George H. Taylor.
The First National Hank of Orangeburg
has received Its certificate of uuthorlty
. from the Controller of the t urren y t->
& open Imsipess and ns soon ns eer'Htn ,
■ tail! can be uiranged litis new batik will
Does your head ache? Fain hack of*
youreyes? Bad taste in yourmouth?
It’s your liver! Ayer’s Pills are
liver pills. They cure constipation,
headache, dyspepsia, and all liver
complaints. 25c. All druggists.
, "nut your InonstachA or hwTnla bu&ulilul
brown or riNi black ? Then use I
BUCKINGHAM'S DYE Whiskers )
ft' l - <**■._ Of riw<MHT3, on R P Hail A S H, |
commence operations. For s me t4pie the
movement for the establishment o 4 a na
tional bank at Orangeburg has been in
operation.
The Republicans of the Fifth congress
ional district met in convention at Rock
Hill on the 27th. All the big lights were
here. Joseph Clark was chairman. There
was no business transacted except the
election of delegates to the National Con
vention. They are as follows: John F.
Jones of Blacksburg, W. K. Boykin of
Camden; alternates, J. S. Atkinson of
Chester, F. R. (Massey of Lancaster.
In the office of the state superintendent
of education preparations are being mad?
for the snmmer schools for teachers,
which will be held on the same plan as
last year. The state school will open on
July 17, oas not to conflict with ih<?
meeting of the National Educational Asso
ciation-fit Charleston, which closes on July
13. Prof. Pattlson of the Chicago Art In
stitute has consented to teach drawing
again.
Mr. WV H. Fienniken of Winnsboro, rep
resenting Alex Sprunt & Sons of Wil
mington, has Within the last ten days
made two large purchases of cotton in
Newberry and Union. These two transac
tions covered over $200,000, and Were made
through the Winnsboro bank. The priefe
paid was cents, and put in the pockets
of the sellers some $75,000 more than a
sale In the early part of the season would
have done.
Greenville News: A telegram received
here yesterday announced that tjie Su
preme Court has decided the case of the
city of Gaffney against the Gaffney Cotton
Mills, involving $16,500 in back taxes in fa
vor of the mills. Inasmuch as a similar
case was recently decided by the same
tribunal against the Da urena Cotton Mils
i/i favor of the town of Laurens it is pre
sumed that the Gaffney # ca-e was decided
upon a technicality, the defense putting up
the plea that there had never been an as
sessment against the property.
DEATH OF MRS. H. E. WILLIAMS.
$
Brantley Wns nl Wap-proa*—Ollier
News From That I'll)’,
Waycross, Ga., April I.—One of the sad
dest deaths occurring here in a long time,
wa® when Mrs. H. E. William® died at
3 o'clock yesterday morning. For six
weeks she had made a battle for life, oc
casionally rallying so that a spark of hope
would encourage her husband and loved
ones. She was the wife of Hugh E. Will
iams, ticket agent of the Plant System.
Mrs. Williams was formerly Miss Ger
trude Maupus of Wrightsville,' a member
of one of the best fumilies in Johnson
county. Her sister, Mrs. Kent, and her
brother, Joe Maupus, are here now. Only
a few days ago her little baby went to
jqin the angels, preceding the Christian
mother. * I
Hon. W. G. Brantley, congressman from
! the Eleventh district, is in the city, in
; conference with Hon. J. C. McDonald,
| chairman of the Democratic Executive
j Committee of the district.
J. Riley Strickland of Patterson, is
| erecting a saw mill near the Cason bridge
in this county.
! The Waycross Rifles are drilling two
i nights out of each week, preparatory to
their trip to Albany, when the Chautau
! qua assembles. About twenty new mem
! bers have: been enlisted recently.
| The houses of Jesse Williston and John
! Merritt, both colored, were burned in.
| “Old Nine" last night.
j With reference to the colored !>a!l and
cakewalk that was given here last week
the .statement was made that it broke up
in a row, in which razors were used. Tile
name of Prof. Snelson was also mention
ed in connection with-the difficulty. The
information, it is s*nu. turns out not to
have been correct. There was no row in
which razors were used, nor was Prof.
Snelson involved in any difficulty.
CRIMINAL CASES ON TRIAL.
Dennis Paulk Charged With Murder.
Other Douglas News.
Douglds, Ga., April I.—State School
Commissioner Glenn on Friday delivered
an address at the Institute building in the
interests of education.
James Kornegay, a colored hack driver,
shot and killed Tom Bonie, colored, at Dr.
Cockrell's place, eleven miles out Friday,
for no just cause. It is Ihe same old story
—a woman at the bottom of it.
Yulin C. Killebrew, a sewing machine
agent, was found guilty in the Supreme
Court Friday, of larceny after trust, and
sentenced to pay a fine of $l5O and costs,
or serve twelve months.
The* case of D. O. Taylor, assault with
intent to murder, resulted in a mistrial.
Rosa Beil, Bill Beil and Llze Collier, as
sault with intent to murder—verdict, not
guilty. L. C. Crosby, bigamy, discharged
by demand.
Dennis Paulk is now on trial for the
murder of Marion Floyd. One and a half
days was consumed in securing a Jury,
121 names being exhausted before the
panel was secured. Paulk has a host of
wealthy and influant'al relatives in the
county. His beautiful young wife and two
little children sit with him thioughoul the
trial. 9'
—M. Guillaume of the International Bu
reau of Weights and Measures at Paris
has succeeded in obtaining a nlckd-steel
alloy wllh on exceedingly low coefficient
of expansion. In his experiments a sK-et
rod 1,000 millimetres In length expanded 1.085
millimetres on heating to 100 degrees centi
grade. When alloyed with nickel, the ex
pansion grows greater wllh a maximum
ai 24 per cent, of nickel. Increns ng <Ho
amount of nickel from this ]>olnt, the ex
pansion becomes less, amounting to but
.0877 millimetres In the r use of an alloy of
35.7 purls nickel and 84.3 parts steel, which
is one-twellth that of steel, or one-eighth
• hut of iridium, which heretofore |n>-
esecl the lowest expansion. With a
grealer amount of nickel, th* expansion
again Increases.
w. F. HAMILTON,
Artesian Well Contractor,
OCALA. FLA.
Am prepared to drill wells up to „y
depth- h c us 1 llrst-chiHH machinery, cj,ij
do work cm short nutlcu and guarantee
rails faction.
THE MORNING NEWS: MONDAY, APRIL 2, 1000.
THE FARM AND THE GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO Atißl
<T I/It HIST NND HOI SEW I EE.
Tlio llimy Month of April, and the
Work to He Done— Prepnrlnir the
I.iiikl for Heeding:—Garden Work
for the Month—**A Crop Well Put
in In Half Made,"
There is no busier month than April,
both in the garden and on the farm. Neith
er the farmer nor the gardener can afford
to love a single day. The days ar hard y
long enough to allow of doing all the de
sired work of the day. Still the stesdy
going worker can do all that is proper, if
he is supplied with the best implements of
work. It does- not take many days for a
farmer or gardener to plant a good deal
more than he is able to cultivate well and
that is a serious failing all over the South
—planting a larger area than can be prop
erly cared for afterwards. It is the gcoi
farmer, the intelligent farmer, who finds
use for much extra labor at this season
and all along during the year, in fact, for
the reason that one can plant in a
few days as much land as a half dozen can
cultivate and gather afterwards.
Preparing the Land for Seeding.—rt is an
old saying that a crop properly put in is
half made. It certainly pays to have a,
good seed bed—land deeply plowed wher
ever necessary and well pulverized. The
roller is a very essential implement in the
South for putting in crops just right, both
in garden and field. Most of our soils are
light naturally and these, after being deep
ly plowed, require a certain amount of
"firming” after the seeds have been placed
in ihe soil. -And then any soil that has
any undecomposed vegetable matter in it
is sure to be too open and porous for the
best growth of plants unless re*firmed, and
this can be done to the best advantage
only with a toller.
It is not always necoseary that the
whole surface be rolled, but it is desirable
to roll at least to the extent of a foot or
two along the seed rows. A garden roller
one foot wide will firm the soil six inches
on each side of the seeds and this foiling
will secure prompt germination of
however dry the soil may be in the spring
To that width the clods will be all
and the pulverized surface will allow of
the absorption of the dew to an apprecia
ble extent.
For certain crops, where the seeds ate
dropped in hills, such as corn, beans,
squashes, melons, cucumbers, etc., the
foot may be used to firm the soil over the
seed even better than the ordinary roll r.
For twenty-five years we have never fail
ed to secure perfect stands of all the*e
crops and with the very smallest quantity
of seeds as the result of learning the true
value of the foot of the planter. It is only
a question of good seeds when this plan
is followed of having perfect stands.
“A Crop Well l*ut In In Hnlf Made.**
Perhaps there is no proverb relating to
farm work that expresses a truth more
forcibly than the one that says a crop
w’ell planted is half made.
It is a pity that it is not better appre
ciated by our farmers. Everywhere in
our Southern farming we ece the most
careless methods prevailing. The ma
jority of our farmers do not seem to un
derstand that a good mechanical condi
tion of the soil bears a closer relation
to successful results usually than a mere
moderate application of manure. Very
rich soil, it is true, may produce large
crops without regard to preparation or
manipulation, but that is no reason why
it should not have produced still lajrger
if both conditions operated together—rich
ness of soil with perfect preparation of it.
Since the days of Jethro Tull, who was
one of the earliest to testify to its value,
many intelligent cultivators have appre
ciated and borne testimony to the fact
that a thorough pulverization of the soil
to a depth of five or six inches just
prior to planting the crops and then cul
tivating the crop afterward In such a
manner as to keep the surface pulver
ized could be made equivalent to a very
liberal application of fertilizers. In other
words, thorough preparation of the soil
with intense cultivation without manure,
would produce more profitable results
than poorly prepared soil and inferior
cultivation would, even with the liberal
application of manure.
It is not to be doubted that In no sec
tion of the civilized world is so little re
gard paid to the preparation of the soil
before plating a crop as there is here in
our own South country. So the soil is
given the appearance of having been
broken up a few inches deep is all that
is necessary for the beginning of planting
Operations. It may be left ever so rough
and cloddy and there may he hundreds
of square feet of unbroken soil concealed
by loose soil that the plow threw over
it. as the hasty plowman gave the plow
a flirt id clean it of accumulated debris,
hut to the average farmer it is all suffi
cient preparation to secure the maximum
of his expectations—ten bushels of corn
or 166 pounds of lint cotton. Let him
bless the Lord his expectations are no
greater.
There is a great deal of money expend
ed upon fertilizers, much of which is of
a very doubtful character. If one-half
of this were spent in putting the soil in
"apple-pie” condition to receive the seeds
there would he a. vast difference in the
resulting crops, and until we come to
realize more fully the great advantage of
growing our own manure right on the
ground and then fitting the soil by a
thorough fining of it, according to the
principles of Tull, we will never know
how profitable cultivating tbe soil can be
made to be. A crop well put in is cer
tainly half made. Garden work for the
month consists chiefly of starting the
tender crons that could not be put out
earlier. Tomatoes, pepper, egg plan),
squashes, melons, cucumbers should be
put out as soon as possible. Above the
3nth parallel of latitude we have froat
now and then severe enough during April
to kill or seriously Injure all of these
crops, but it is rarely the case that plant
ings after the 10th of the month are In
jured.
The first transplanting of sweet potatoes
should be made toward the last of the
month.
Tlie Pencil Borer.
The peaeh tree borer is an Insect enemy
which needs looking after very carefully
during the next two months, says Dr. "W.
L. Jones. The mature moth will begin to
come out in April, and It is very import
ant to kill the borer before It develops
Into the moth, for the latter will lay a
great many eggs and thus multiply very
rapidly. The moth continues to appear
through Ihe summer, and the destruction
of Ihe borer should go on through, Ihe
whole warm season, nut the most vigor
ous action Is called for In the spring and
early summer. The moth In general ap
pearance resembles a wasp a good deal
It Is steel blue, with some yellow hands
But little can be done In attacking the
moth Itself, the successful attacks are to
be mad® on Ihe borer Rself, and on th*
pupa or transition stage between the borer
and the moth. These pupae will he found
near or at the surface of the ground near
the laxly of the lr,< The pupa Is incaaed
In a rather rough looking ,’asing about
in Inch long. It Is very ImpoMnnt to
dislroy these, as they soon develop into
the egg-laying moth. Avery extended c-1
rles of experiment?, running through four
year?, at Cornell Experiment Station, in
dicate that the moat effective means of
fighting' the borer are cutting it out, de
stroying the pupae, mounding up the trees,,
protecting them with tarred patter and
pulling on a wash of gas tar. The last
tijree should be applied by April 1. as they
ore Intended to prevent the moth from
laying its eggs on the tree, and the moths
begin their laying in April. There is no
marked difference in the efficacy of the
several preventives meniione,L None of
them are absolutely perfect. The gas tar
has been reported by some to be injurious
to trees, but was not so in the slightest
degree in the Cornell experiment. It may
be well, however, to test it on a few trees
before employing it largely. After a tree
has been established for one year 11 i?
thought there is no danger whatever from
It.
Tlic Home and Habit of Cassava.
A The following is contributed to a Flor.d.t
paper by D. R. Pillsbury:
"La Mandioca, Manihot utilisslma, fam
ily Euphorbiacea. is a vigorous semi-her
biferous plant, native in Paraguay and
Brazil, having a fusiform tuber res ; mbling
the roots of a dahlia. The stem is erect,
simple, cylindrical, of tjuish color and
from two to three meters high; leaves
palmate with from three to seven lobes,
which resemble in form the body of a
guitar; green on the upper surface and
ash-colored beneath; flowers, masculine
and feminine, in corymbs at the ends of
the*branchee, small, greenish yellow. The
fruit is a capsule of a centimeter and a
'half diameter, slightly rough, ash-colored,
with small reddish-colored spots.
“There is a sa.ving that the potato is the
tuber of temperate countries, the sweet
potato of warm countries, and the mandi
oca of torrid zones.
“It forms the base of the alimentation of
the 11,000,000 inhabitants of Brazil, and is
as agreeable a food as the potato or sweet
potato; many persons even prefer it to
eitOier. It has the great advantage of be
ing capable of transformation into a fool
material, healthy and nutritious.
“The farina, which will keep indefinitely,
is easily transported, and is in general
use in this country.
“JSandioca grows wild and is sad to
fcro&per in all parts of Brazil; nevertheless,
the plant prefers a loose, fertile soil, more
moist than dry, and deeply worked. The
planting season is in spring, in the follow
ing manner: After the earth has been
well worked and pulverized, it is leveled
with the harrow and parallel furrows a
meter apart are traced and crossed in the
opposite direction at the same distance
apart, as is advised for sweet potato cul
ture on a larger sca’.e.
.The mandioca reproduces from cuttings.
The shoots wtofch give the best results
are those from twelve to eighteen months
old. Cuttings for planting should be from
nine inches to one foot long. Place the
cutting at the intersections of the fur
rows, with the assembled buds facing
the center. When started it is necessary
to revise the rows, replenish the missing
plants, and If a setting has more than
'one shoot keep the most vigorous and de
stroy. the rest. Moreover, it is necessary
to begin to cultivate early, the first work
ing having a groat influence cn the har
vest. It should be done with great care;
a second cultivation should be given if
weeds invade. Generally tw r o are suf
ficient, but if the soil be very rich a third
weeding may be given, taking care not to
disturb the tubers which are now partly
grown and scattered about beneath the
surface. Some varieties of mandioca suit
able to the soil will remain unaltered for
three or more years, while others after
two years begin to suffer decomposition.
Although the tubers can be used at six
'months, experienced cultivators admit
ithat as a rule no manioc, to obtain best
'result, should be used before ten or eigh
teen months from planting.
In Brazil, the harvest Is after three
years. For digging a hce or plow is used;
with either method vigilance must he
used or many tubers will be left in the
earth.
Preparations of farina and tapioca, ex
tractions of starch and alcohol. Mandi
oca is consumed in many different ways.
Roiled in water, taking the place of bread
much more fully than the |>otato. nnd in
different culinary preparations it can be
employed! inhere neither potato nor sw-eet
potato can be used; and, as has been dis
covered. It can be transformed into farina
and tapioca. Following is the mode of
preparation In use In Brazil: The motor
is a wheel buckets with y-ertical axis
which utilizes about one-tenth of the
water power. To the axis is fixed a
grater. This grater is a species of drum
formed of slats, bearing teeth riveted
in. To prepare the roots each one is push
ed against the grater, a bag receives the
pulp which is pressed with a lever or
screw’; it is moistened and pressed again.
The pulp is constantly agitated in a flat
bottomed drying pan over a fire. The wa
ter obtained from the press contains
starch, which is made into tapioca. To
prepare this starch for commerce throw
it into a well-heated copper cask. To
realize anything from this Industry it
must be done on a large scale with a
I central factory, and with modern machin-
I ery. such as is used in Europe, and the
cultivation consigned to small farmers,
j who sell their crop for half the cost of
producing the farina.
tlrnpe Growing.
No line of horticultural work has given
more general satisfaction during the past
quarter of a century than grape growing,
says the Homestead. The grape used to ba
a great luxury. The time is not far distant
when, during the grape season, almost
every child wished it could have, for once,
all the grapes it wanted. Owing to un
equal distribution there are still some sec
tions where grapes are a rarity, but the
quantity annually grown has become very
largo In the aggregate and they are han
dled and sold by thousands of carloads.
Heavy planting twelve or fifteen years
ago resulted in over-production of the
grape In places, and this caused low prices
which were followed, very naturally, by
discouragement and nqslect. Last winter
there was a general freeze out, whi-h
put an end for ths time to any very ex
tensive production. The misfortune that
has befallen grape growing Is not yet
realized, nor will it be until several sea
sons of scarcity have passed and the pub
lic finds itself deprived of the former
abundance and oblißod to pay stiff prices
for such grapes as do come upon the mar
ket. Grape growing will then he resumed
along more conservative lines, perhaps,
than those pursued during the boom days.
The indlcati ns now are that during the
coming season a very large number of
farmers and fruit growers will set them
selves to work lo get Into the market first
with grapes. Many of these will have the
advantage of starting fresh with plenty
of experience, which, after all, ts the
best capital. They will also have the ad
vantage of starting on fresh ground, con
taining fresh material to draw from, with
none of the Insects that infest old vine
yards. and no spores of rot or other fungi
to contend with that were so abundant in
the old vineyards.
Reaulia can be reached In about three
years If vines ar.' managed properly an I
properly cultivated and pruned. Vine man
agement is uasy lo learn and ihe <ul,or
is no> expensive The expensive feature
of trelllsing need not he rnei unlH aft r
Ihe sale of the first erop, whl"h will ni re
than pay for the trelllsing. Wlih a clear
field in the West and over a quarter of a
century of experience. Western grape
growers will now have an oppoi tunhy for
commercial gripe culture ui a profit, or
oouree many Will say that iti farm p a.uer
will pn.lwibly overdo the w a-k nnd fill ihe
town markets with gratis at once o i.x
lo again make prices lliwemuneialive; hut
, the (arm (rower has not so good a kno*l
edge of ihe grape'nor is he likely, when
engaged in diversified farming, to give it
the same attention that ihe fruit g.ower
gives it. fio that he is likely to lave a num
ber of failures andreplantings before farm
vineyards are again established. Of course
there are many farm planters who will
make a success cf the grape at once and
quickly re-establish the old farm vineyard,
but if they have something good the neigh
borhood will absorb the product, home
consumption of fruit will be increased ani
there will be little surplus to find a mar
ket for. With a proper selection of vari
eties the season for eating can be made to
cover over three months, and this will
take from I.COO to 2,CtK) pounds of grapes
per family.
Watermelon Culture.
In the multiplicity of the Southern
farmers’ crop the watermelon is very apt
to be somewhat over-looked and not re
ceive the attention iis importance calls
for, writes C. Q. MeQuaries. Take it all
in ell there are very few crop® that give
a better return than this crop. But to
insure the best success, a proper begin
ning must be made. In selecting a loca
tion for this crop it Is essential that the
field have a southern exposure and located
so that the morning sun shines directly
on the crop, for there is all the different
imaginable between watermelons grown
where they get Ihe full benefit of the
morning sun than those grown where this
condition does not exist.
After selecting a location it is neces
sary that the nature of the soil shotild
be such that it will y-ield the proper qual
ity of melon; a light, sandy loam, and
of a warm nature Is the best soil for the
crop. Another prime essential is thorough
preparation previous to planting the seed.
The land should be thoroughly plowed
with a good turning plow and everything
in the shape of vegetation plowed under,
and after plowing, the land should be
thoroughly worked with either harrow
or harrow-teeth cultivator. If the previ
ous crop has been such that It got clean
culture, the land will be in good shape,
but if in stubbie, considerable pains must
be taken so as to get all clods thorough
ly pulverized. My favorite crop to pre
cede watermelons is sw*et potatoes, for
in the digging of this crop the land Is
put in almost perfect condition for a suc
ceeding crop of melons.
After putting the soil in as good shape
as possible lay it off in furrows eight feet
each way, and where these furrows dheck
scatter for three or four feet each way
about a pound and a half of a high grade
fertilizer, and mix thoroughly with the
soil. Tile fertilizer should analyze about
7 per cent, phosphoric acid and 8 per cent,
potash and 2or 3 per cent, nitrogen. Fail
ing to bo able to get this grade of fertil
izer, mix 600 pounds acid phosphate,' 250
pounds sulphate of potash and apply a
couple of weeks before planting time, and
when the plants are well up apply about
150 pounds nitrate of soda in the immediate
vicinity of the hills and work in. This is
just as near a complete watermelon fer
tilizer as one can w'lsh.
In growing watermelons for shipping
one must try to avoid too nitrogenous
a fertilizer; stable manure and compost
fertilizers never give the high grade mel
ons that commercial fertilizers produce In
fact, all this classes of fertilizers to be
avoided is the solid shipper is wanted. For
home use compost is used with mineral
fertilizers, such as phosphate and poiash,
and will give fairly good results, but if
the season is wet, the vines are apt to
eclald very badly after heavy rains.
In melon growing, as in everything else,
one has to study his market, study the
variety of melon requested in that mar
ket and act accordingly; and this being
one of the recognized cash crops, ripening
in eighty to 100 days from planting the
seed, one can afford to give it a little ex
tra attention. At 3 cents each there is
more money in watermelons than in almost
any crop the Southern farmer cVtn make,
and, therefore, the crop should not be
neglected, but given the first place, and if
this is done and the shipping properly man
aged, the returns will prove very satis
factory.
Kltrogen.
Nitrogen is the most expensive element
of all the plant fooefc, costing in the open
markets from three to four times as much
as either phosphoric acid or potash,
pound for pound, says an exchange. It
is found to exist in three forms, namely,
organic matter, ammonia, and as nitrate.
Organic nitrogen exists in both animal
and vegetable matter. The more rapidly
the materials decay in which organic ni
trogen is present, the more valuable it is
for fertilizing purposes, because they
must decay and change their forms be
fore the nitrogen can be used for plant
food. The most valuable sources from
which organic nitrogen cau be obtained
and the substances in which it so richly
exists, are dried blood, dried fish and cot
ton seed meal. These materials are also
quickly available, because of the rapidity
with which they decay when brought in
contact with the soil. Dried fish and
cotton seed meal furnish a goodly per
centage of phosphoric acid in addition to
their nitrogen, while a fair percentage of
lKitash also exisis in the meal. There are
other sources from which nitrogen is ob
tained, such as ground leather scraps,
horn and hoof meal, wool waste, etc.
While these substances obtain a high per
centage of nitrogen, they are so slow to
decay as to render them unfit for the
uses of farm crops. Nitrogen in the form
of ammonia is secured almost entirely
from sulphate of arSmonia, when used
for fertilizing purposes, and this is the
most concentrated substance from which
nitrogen can be obtained. Sulphate of
ammonia will analyze 20 per cent, nitro
gen, dried blood about 15 per cent, and
cotton seed meal 8 per cent. All of these
elements are exiremely soluble in water
and beeopie rapidly available as plant
foods. Nitrate of soda and nitrate of
potash furnish a nitrogen which is imme
diately available, no change in it being
necessary to render its quick absorption
by growing plants when applied for their
use by surface broadcasting. Nitrate of
soda will average in analysis 16 per cent,
nitrogen and differs from ammonia jn
that it possesses no insoluble compounds
to mix with and be held by the soil con
stituents. It will, therefore, leach rapidly
through soil If applied in large quanti
ties, especially in the absence of growing
vegetation. Nitrate of soda may be used
with splendid results as a surface appli
cation to growing vegetables, wheat or
oats, but should never be used under any
crop where rapidity of growth is not es
pecially desired.
Tlie Scrap Hook.
rermanmt hog pens are an abomination
that should not he tolerated on any farm.
Buch plague spots are disease breeder*
and a nuisance. If hogs must be close
penned, use poriable pens and move them
often. They are easily made In four sep
arate panels, and may he permanently
hinged together and folded for removal, or
they may be entirely separate and set up
and attached by clamps made for th* pur
pose. Any man with a fair use of tools
and a little Ingenuity, can make In less
than half a day “the best thing of the
kind he ever saw."
Don’t Flow Wet Soil—Many farmers are
too much In a hurry to do spring plow
ing. It does not iwy to plow soli where
there Is much clay while the furrow I*
wet and the soil sticks to the plowshares.
The pressure against it makes the furrow
very compact, and when this compacted
muss dries out by exposure to the air It
h®<omes almost as hard us stone R 1*
common for farmer* lo run the harrow
over the field soon after It Is plowed, to
break the furrow into small piece*. But
lids 1s often done while ihe aoll is so wet
that the result Is making a great mimle-r
of Uy lumpn a I moat as hard as stone,
and which cannot possibly be raade*nto i
a good seed bed. If the clay soil turns
up wet leave it unplowed until something <
growing on H dries it out as deep as you j
want to p;ow. When a c ay field has once
been plowed while tco wet It often injures
its productive capacity for several years
thereafter.'
Spraying—iA knowledge of why we spray
and how to spray is coming to be Regard
ed as essential to successful farming, or
charding or gardening. Formerly it was
considered a fad. but now it is rapidly be
ing recognized os a necessity. Spraying is
often ineffective because applied too late.
It Is a preventive and must ba resorttd 'o
early In Ihe season before Ihe enemy has
made its appearance With insect and
fungus pests the old maxim that pre
vention is better than cure specially ap
plies. Nearly all the experiment stations
in states where fruit culture is at all
prominent r.ow issue spraying calendars,
telling when, how and with what mixtures
of spray for various Insect and fungous
enemies. Reade in the subject
should write to the experiment stations of
their respective states and secure a copy
of the spraying calendar that nearly all
now issue.
Feed Roots to the Hogs.—Many feeders
who believe in root feeding to stock, and
practice it, are prejudiced against feed
ing them to swine. For some reason they
believe that any food which will not add
to the weight of the swine Is not suited
to them. This is a decided mistake, for
until a hog can make the proper growth
of bona and muscle it is not in a condi
tion to take on fat properly or profitably.
It is not that roots have any great
amount of food value, for they do not,
but they act. on the digestive organs and
increase Ihe appetite for the food of a
fattening nature; hence fop this purpose
alpne they are valuable as a part of the
winter ration. Hogs that have been corn
fed for many weeks in succession fre
quently get off feed, and one of the best
correctives for this trouble is a mess of
roots fed daily for two or three weeks.
Sugar beets and carrots contain more
sugar than most any other root crops,
but mangle wurzles are not to be despised
as, giving variety in the ration for swine.
. Just So.—Market gardening is a good
business when in charge of the right sort
of man. Any’ man of industry and ordi
nary intelligence can grow or learn to
grow the garden truck, for this is (he
easiest part of the business. But there
is a business feature as important as
production. The gardener must know
what the market requires, when it re
quires this, that or the other, and have
it of proper quality end at the proper
time. All this is easily learned. But
he must know how to market his produce,
and here again he must study his mar
ket, for the purpose of pleasing his cus
tomers and thus loosening their purse
strings while catering to their alimentary
pleasures. This requires business talent
and tact, and this talent is not possessed
by nil men, nor by all gardeners. Many
of the best gardeners, and best men In all
ages of the world and in every country’
have been sadly* deficient in business tal
ent. The market gardener needs business
talent to make his business successful.
Quick Insures Clean Milking.—A cow
when slowly’ milked will not only tend to
reduce her yield in quantity and thus go
prematurely dry, but it has been fou and
from experiment that as between pl:w
milking versus quick milking there was a
difference of 10 per cent, in the butter fat
in favor of the quick milking, and that
this difference continued during a greater
part of the period of lactation, says ih -
Market Basket. A cow to yield’ the larg
est quantity of the richest milk must be
quickly milked and cleanly m iked, for if
this is not done the animal’s yield is very
much reduced in every respect.
The above from an exchange cannot betoo
fully impressed upon the owner of a single
cow or of a herd. The slow milker makes
the cow tired, and she withholds her milk
little by little until she dries off. In the
strippings are double the butter fat con
tained in the milk first drawn. Therefore
milk clean. Quick and clean milking ;dd
lih to quantity of milk and am unt cf
butter, and consequently to the profit of
the dairy. And with tflean and quick milk
ing have clean hands and clean utensils.
How to Make a Hotbed.—Hotbeds a-e
best made In sunken pits below the leve 1
of th ground, so as to protect the sides of
the bed from cold winds. Without pro no
tion of some sort the best mate beds soon
become cool. The soil takpn out the
pit can be packed around the outs de o'
the frame to shelter any of the bed that is
above the ground level and also the sde*
of the frame. From two to two and a
half‘feet of manure firmly packed together
will hold the heat for a long time. In the
management of hotbeds a point of the first
importance is to provide for the escape of
steam from the freshly made bed by tilt
ing or raising the lights at one end. Steam
Is deadly In its effects upon vegetation
while it lasts. A little air should be left
on at night—say about half an Inch—and
of course by day the amount must be giv
en In accordance with the strength of the
fui. The back of Ihe frame is the pro; er
place to put on ventilation, as it is the
highest point, but if very cold, cutting
winds are blowing from that direction it is
safer to put air on the front of the sash
until the wind moderates. Cover up the
frames at night with mats or stram. etc.,
to preserve the equability of the tempera
ture, but in doing so see that the exit of
the steam Is not prevented. J. H.
Don't Feed Too Much Corn—There is 100
much feeding of cforn <o stock generally
on farms during winter. It seems almost
Impossible to convince some farmers that
a plump or fat animal is not receiving the
proper food. Corn is without doubt the
most excellent of all grains for fattening
purposes, but the corn-fed cow is not the
milk giver, nor is the corn-fed ewe the
one that drops her lambs and suckles them
■without trouble.
W’here corn is used as a grain and corn
stalks for a roughage, it is simply a c'ase
of too much corn. If one feeds corn sim
ply because he has plenty of it, there is
even less excuse for him than for the man
who must buy his grain. Take some of
the corn to the mill and trade it for wheat
bran, or sell some of the corn and buy
wheat bran, it you cannot trade. Then
get hold of some oats as well and fix up
a ration of one-third wheat bran, otic
third oats and one-third corn-meal. Give
a pound of this mixture to each Dow for
every hundred pounds she weighs, and
let her have hay and cornstalks for roug
hage. This will keep up the milk supply
all winter. If she is with calf, feed half
Ihe quantity of the mixture, and she will
come through the winter in good shape.
This same ration will do well for any
of the stock that is not to be fattened,
but simply kept In good condition to win
ter well.
Notice.
We solicit article* for this department.
The name of the writer should accom
pany the letter or article, not necessarily
for publication, but as an evidence of
good faith.
Questions ana communications relative
to agricultural and horticultural subjects.
If addressed to Agri. Editor, Drawer N,
Milledgevlile, Ga., will receive immediate
attention. %
—“We found the other day,” says a
Boston hotel clerk, “that there was a
company doing business here in the city,
consisting of five men, who had made
tlieir headquarters in our billiard room
for eighteen months. All their reyiil was
delivered there. They met their custom
ers there. They sent their messages and
their telegrams from there. And never
a cent of revenue to us! I call that the
most expansive gall up to date. And
when we discovered the thing and h,]d
them to get Out they unan'inouMiy agreed
to hurt the hotel all they could by re
Mflit''
Ocean SteamsniD Gx
■ —FOR-
Wew York, Boston
-AND- , ,
THE EAST,
Unsurpassed cabin accommodations. A I
the comforts of a modern hotel, E ectm
lights. Unexcelled table. Ticket® include
meals and berths aboard chip.
Passenger Fares irom Savanna!!.
TO NEW YORK-FIRST CABIN S2O;
FIRST CABIN ROUND TRIP, 132; IN
TERMEDIATE CABIN. sls; INTERME
DIATE CABIN ROUND TRIP. s3l.
STEERAGE, $lO. '
TO BOSTON—FIRST CABIN. $22;
FIRST CABIN ROUND TRIP. S3B. IN
TERMEDIATE CABIN. sl7; INTERME
DIATE CABIN ROUND TRIP, S2B;
STEERAGE. $11.73.
The express steamships of this line ara
appointed to sail from Savannah, Central
(90th) meridian time, ns follows:
SAVANXAII TO NEW YORK.
LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, Capt. Hanlon.
MONDAY, April 2, 7:00 p. m.-
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM. Capt Berg,
TUESDAY. April 3, 7:30 p. m.
KANSAS CITY, Capt. Fisher, FRIDAY,
April 6, 10 a. m.
CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett,
SATURDAY, April 7. 11. p. m.
NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, MONDAY.
April 9. 1:30 p. in.
LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, Capt. Han
lon, TUESDAY. April 10, 2 p. m.
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, Capt. Berg,
FRIDAY. April 13, 4 p. m.
KANSAS CITY, Capt. .Fisher, SATUR
DAY, April 14. 4:30 p. m.
CITY OF AUGUSTA. Capt. Daggett.
MONDAY April 16, 5:30 p. m.
NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, TUESDAY,
April 17, 6:30 p. m.
LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, Capt. Han
lon. FRIDAY. April 20. 8 a. m.
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, Capt. Berg,
SATURDAY. April 21. 9:30 a. pi.
KANSAS CITY. Capt; Fisher, MONDAY,
April 23. 11:30 a. m.
CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett,
TUESDAY. April 24, 12:30 p. m.
NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, FRIDAY,
April 27, 3:30 p. m.
LA GRANDE DUCHESSE. Capt. Han
lon. SATURDAY, April 28, 4 p. m.
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, Capt. Berg,
MONDAY. Anri! 30, 6 p. m.
SAVANNAH TO BOSTON—DIRECT.
CITY OF MACON. Capt. Savage,THURS
DAY. April 5. 9:00 a. IE.
CHATTAHOOCHEE, Capt. Lewi*.
THURSDAY. April 12, 3:30 p. m.
CITY OF MACON. Capt. Savage,THURS
DAY. April 19. 7:30 a. m.
CHATTAHOOCHEE, Capt. Lewis.
THURSDAY. April 26, 2.:30 p. m.
This company reserves the right* to
change its sailings without notice and
without liability or accountability there
tor.
Sailings New York for Savannah daily
except Sundays and Monday* 5:00 p. m.
April sailings Boston for Savannah Wed
nesdays from Tyewis' wharf, 12:00 noon.
W. G. BREWER, City Ticket and Pas®,
enger Agent, 107 Bull street. Savannah,
Ga.
E. W. SMITH. Contracting Freight
Agent, Savannah, Ga.
R. G. TREZEVANT, Agent, Savannah,
Ga.
E. H. HINTON. Traffic Manage?.
JOHN M. EGAN, Vice President.
MERCHANTS AND MINERS’
TRANSPORTATION CO.
STEA3ISHII' LINES
SAVANNAH TO BALTIMORE.
Tickets on sale at company s offices M
the following points at very low rates:
ATLANTIC CITY. N. J.
BALTIMORE. MD. BUFFALO, N. Y.
BOSTON, MASS.
CHICAGO, ILL. CLEVELAND, O.
ERIE, PA.
HAGERSTOWN. HARRISBURG, PA.
HALIFAX, N. 9.
NIAGARA FALLS. NEW YORK.
PHILADELPHIA.
PITTSBURG. PROVIDENCE.
ROCHESTER.
TRENTON. WILMINGTON.
WASHINGTON.
First-class tickets include meals end
■tale room berth. Savunnah to Baltimore.
Accommodations and cuisine unequaled.
Freight capacity unlimited; careful han
dling and quick dispatch.
The steamship® of this company are ap
pointed to sail from Savannah to Balti
more as follows (standard time):
ITASCA. Capt. Diggs TUESDAY, April
3, at 7:00 p. m.
ALLEGHANY, Capt. Billups, THURS
DAY, April 5, at 10:00 a. m.
BERKSHIRE. Capt. Ryan, SATURDAY,
April 7, at 12,00, noon.
MILLER, Capt. Peters, TUESDAY, April
10, at 2:00 p. m.
And from Baltimore Tuesdays, Thurs
days and Saturdays, at 4:00 p. m.
Ticket Office 39 Bull street.
NEWCOMB COHEN. Yrav. Agent.
J. J. CAROLAN, Agent.
Savannah. Ga.
W. P. TURNER, G. P. A.
A D. STEBBINS, A. T M.
J. C. WHITNEY. Traffic Manager.
General Offices, Baltimore, ild.
FRENCH LINE
COIUPAGNIE GENERALE TRANMAWO'IL
DIRECT LINE TO HAVRE—PARIS (France)
Sailing every Thursday at 10 ; m.
From Pier No. 42. North River, foot Morton st.
La Uretaene ...April 5 l.a Tou tame. April 2*l
L’Aquitame ...April 12 La Bretagne May 4
La Gascogne. ..April 19 La Champagne, Mav 10
Accommodations reserved in me Grands Ho*
telsda Trocudero during the Paris Exposition
i leneral Agency for United States and Canada
32 Broadway. New York Messrs. Wilder&Co
— -rr r—J
WIRT till RESORTS.
DE KOTO HOTEL.
Firm-class accommodations for 800 quests
Anion* the improvement* the past summer 6®
new hath rooms were added. Tourist* Und
Savannah ihe mast Interesting city in tluJ
South An ideal winter resort. Seolal rat<a*
for families remaining week or more.
CURE YOURSELF!
TTun Big U for unnatural
ti* haw*, inflammation**
rritationa or uk*ratiuui
>t mucous tuctuhraiiM.
I’oiulOM, and nut Ml rill*
, v t or poi(unou.
Nol* ... llratrliU,
or soot in ylutii wrapper,
I’V fuf
tl 111, ..r s.,rs.
Circulu nut vu m*rt