Newspaper Page Text
6
GEORGIA. FLORIDA AND
SOUTH CAROLINA.
SEWS OF THE THREE ST \TEB PIT
IV TYPE.
GEORGIA.
The Democrats of the Ninth congression
al district are considering the name of,
Charles L. Bass of Habersham, as a'
candidate to represent the district in the
Kansas City Convention.
The Eosiman military company is pre
paring to visit Wrightsville in a body dur
ing tho Chautauqua at that place. A feat
ure of the programme is a competitive
drill of the Second Georgia Regiment.
Tattnall Journal : The Democrats of
Liberty county will hold a district prima
ry on Wednesday. July 11. to choose a
slate senator for inis district. Messrs. P.
B. Smith. Warned and Smiley are thq can
didates. They are all good men. but then
the Journal would like to see Col. Warneli
knock down the plum.
The farmers around Lyons are enjoying
a period of prosperity, with even brighter
prospeois ahead. Mr. T. J. Wilkes has
shipped several barrels of Irish potatoes
already, besides he has already made a
splendid strawberry crop, which he mar
keted at good prices. Mr. Wilkes is one I
Tattnall county farmer who is rapidly get
ting a fortune out of the ground.
Miliedgeville Union-Recorder: The crop
of the Georgia state penitentiary farm is
in a most flourishing condition. The wheat
harvest is going to be unusually large, and
the oat crop is good. Last week Superin
tendeni Foster hai six acres set out in
cabbages;ten in sweet potatoes, and four
teen in tobacco. Captain Foster is expect
ing an abundant harvest this year.
Americus Time.--Recorder : The first
flour of the new crop ground in Sumter
county this year was turned out at Black's
mill, ten miles west of Americus, yester
day. The wheat was raised by Mr. J W.
Harris, of this city, rft his home on Felder
street, where he had two acres planted.
But this is only the hegining of a heavy
movement against the flour mills located
In this section. For tho wheat crop now
being harvested in Sumter county is the
largest grown since ante helium days, and
in quantity will tax the two or three' mills
for some time. Magnificent fields of wav
ing wheat, varying in size from three, five,
ten to seventy-five acres, are to be found
all over this county. The acreage was I
large, the seasons propitious, and our
thrifty farmers are solid on the bread
question. Many thousands of bushels of
wheat will be made into flour here.
Capt. John R. Ware, deputy marshal at
LaGrange, went down in Harris county
Thursday on<l captured the biggest wild
cat distillery in that portion of the wood:-.
The wildcat belonged to one Sog Moore,
who the Captain says is one-half Indian,
one-half negro and a third half he does
not know what, but Is satisfied he it
composed of three halves. The capture
was near Mountain Hill. Mr. Wore cap
tured thirty-five fermenters, an eighty-five
gallon capacity copper still, and over
turned three thousand gallons of beer.
From the appearance of the surroundings
the illicit work had been going on for
seme time, probably a year or more.
Twenty-five or thirty hogs were kept
around the eiill to eat up the slop and
when Mr. Ware left the grounds the hogs
were getting drunk on the beer and had
begun to fight like mad. Sog Moore will
be arrested later on.
A cotton mill on the co-operative plan
is to be tried In Augusta. Some time ago
it was announced that a mill had been
projected on Horse creek, on the Caro
lina side of the river, end a charier ob
te ned for it under the laws of the state
of South Carolina. This mill is to he
known as the Weinona Manufacturing
Company. It is now announced that as
many shares as possible are to be place!
emong operatives, the idea being that
these operative stockholders shall consti
tute the working force of the mill, the
profits in dividends thus going to those
who made them. In addition to the fac
tory stock village lots In the mill village
are to be sold to such stockholders at
low rates, and thus carry out the idea of
a first-class industrial p'ant on the co
operative system. To put the shares with
in the reach of all they are placed nt $.lO,
and are payable In small monthly instal
ments.
A rather novel case was tried in the
City Court of Dawson Thursday and cne
that will attract attention over the state
in case it goes to the Supreme Court,
which is probable. H. A. Ferrell, the tea
cher of Graves Public School, had occa
sion to punish one of his pupils, whereup
on the* pupil left for home. The teacher
also left to get a buggy to go to the boy's
home. While he was gone the pupil re
turned to induce his little brother to go
with him. The teacher, seeing the boy,
took a buggy whip and horscwh:p|jed him
twice on the railroad track, and as a re
sult wns prosecuted for assault and bat
tery. The teacher claimed his right to
punish his pupil, but Judge Hobbs of Al
bany. who was presiding, charged the Jury
that the right of a teacher to punisli was
etonflmd to hi-* school room; the Jury re
turned n verdict of guilty. H. A.'Wilkin
son, who represented the defendant, has
made a motion for anew trial, and If the
case goes to the Supreme Coifrt the court
will be required <o establish anew prece
dent. as this is a question never decided
by ihe state courts, and nor.e others that
could be decided.
FI.OHID .
II n. R. H. M. David on, who re rresent
ed the First Florida (list’let in Congress
for fou’tern year ', is b fore the people of
Gadsden county as a candidate to repre
sent them in t ext session tf the Legisla
ture.
The State reformatory for Juvenile
crirrlra's seems to he very little appre
ciatid cr else there is v ry little use for
I' n 'he stite. The Pensa -ola News says
it ‘ has received orly thlr.een inmates to
date. If more use than this is rot made of
it. It should h ahanlcnel, and the prop
er y put to some other use."
Orlando Seniinel-Rcportor: On Wed
nesday morning a small colored boy saw
an alligator about four feet long In Lake
Lucerne, chase a ityge trout up to the
bank and on going to the place found
the 'gator had bitten off Ihe toil. He
secured the other part and brought it
up town and on weighing It, found wh it
was left tipped the scales at eleven
pounds.
Titusville has a good dilng In her Flor
ida Extract Company's plant, which runs
night and dry trying to supply the de
mand for larnic acid, whl h Is extracted
from ralmet'o rcots The demand is not
ccnflred to this cmtlrent but comes also
from Eur pe, and ih">te Is a probability
that In the nerr f-t ire tome valuable dls
covetlfs will be rand; as to the resource
fulness of this hitherto despised root.
Miami Metropolis: Tomatoes were re
cently Ihe rage but now the luscious plne
arple is in vrgue. A f, w days ago every
body was carrying tomatoes home to din
ner, hut now It is "the thlnß" to swing
along with a huge ye'low cone dangling’
from one hard and a big gre* n oval from
thr other, which invariably increases the
lecal demand along ihe route. And such
Pines as no other place on earth can fur
nish
Leesburg Commercial: The dispatches
nnnounce that, on Tuesday, the President
I nominated Mr. John Fred Stunkel to be
! postmaster at Leesburg to succeed Mr.
A. P. Jordan, wfio.se term expires on
Sunday. The appointment will give sat
isfaction to Democrats ns well as Repub
licans, for Mr. Stunkel is known to be
fuUy competent to discharge the duties
of the office, with which he is thoroughly
familiar, having served six years as as
slsjnnt to Mr. Hardman and to Mr. Jor
dan.
Orlando Star: On March 15, Mr. W. W.
Jacobs, an orange grower of Braidentown,
shipped to L. S. Davis, a commission man
of New York city, seventy-nine boxes of
oranges which sold for $578.50 gross, and
netted the grower $467.72. Mr. Jacobs,
after receiving a copy of the account
sales rendered for the fruit sent them to
his friend, Mr. F. H. Davis of Apopka,
who In turn, showed them to this office
Thursday evening. The above is an ex
trnordinary price for oranges to bring
hut these brought it or else the commis
sion man cheated himself, someihing
which is very seldom done.
Miami Tropical Sun: Young StefTee, of
Klssimmpe. who was arourd Ihe Grove
and Cutler f r a year or two. got dis
couraged last year and started back for
his old home. His wealth consisted of a
good-sized plug of a horse, which he de
cided to ride him When within a few*
miles of Kissimmee the torse concluded he
was tired, and laid down and and ed. StefTee
shouidere i the saddle and waked the re
maindtr of the way. When cold weather
li gan to creep on the up country, Steffes
began to yearn for Hiscayne bay and Its
w inter-clime, so he s art and back, not much
richer, but with more experience. Good
luck wood him in nand. He met an old
acquaintance on the bay above Miami,
who had sopi prairie land, and together
tiiey put in a crop of tomaioeg. He, or
they, are bis/ shipping now, have over
FO crates on the road and a fine crop on
hand, which will keep them busy the bal
ance of the month. They are selling now
at $4 per era to Their only- trouble is to
deride whl h is the safest bank to deposit
their wealth in.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Charleston Post: Subscriptions to the
capital stock of the exposition are being
receiver! from citizens living In the up
country and North Carolina, and i< will
be only o few days before a permanent
company is organized.
Aaron Russell, n white tenant of Col.
A. W. Smith, near Abbeville, died last
Saturday from blood poisoning, resulting
from a biie by a rat. It was light at
first, but. being neglected, it was soon be
yond the skill of the physicians.
Secretary of State Cooper has Issued a
commission to J. A. Hertz and A. M.
Adair as corporators of the Korter Tow
age Company of Charleston. The com
pany proposes to do a general towage
business about Charleston harbor.
Advices received in Charleston indicate
that the acreage of cotton in South Caro
lina this year will be about 10 per cent,
in excess of last year. Some estimates
range as high as 25 per cent., but a 10
per cent, increase seems to be nearer the
correct estimate.
The regular weekly meeting of the
Executive Committee will be held Mon
day evening and the report of the Ways
and Means Committee will show a de
cided increase in the amount subscribed.
D is thought that the report will show
that sl2o.tst) has been subscribed. The
committee is working hard to shove the
subscriptions to $125,000, so as to organize
and get down to active work.
Inspector Boykin, who was in Sumter
recently, discovered a shortage in the
stock of -the dispensary and the county
board of control suspended Dispenser j.
M. Reames pending a full investigation
and closed the dispensary. The county
hoard of control received orders by wire
to open the dispensary and put a mem
ber of tbe board in charge until the pres
ent tangle is cleared up and the amount
of shortage and responsibility therefor
is determined.
A special committee, to be appointed
by the Charleston Exposition Commit
tee will probably leave for New York
this week to confer with the officials of
the Southern road, Plant System and At
lantic Coast Line On the question of these
companies making subscriptions to the
exposition. Secretary Averil! received a
letter from President Erwin of the Plant
System, asking that a committee be sent
to New Y'ork to take up the matter with
the railroads. The letter was a most
pleasing one, and that the railroads will
all make handsome subscriptions there
can be no doubt.
Two wiser but sadder boys now live nt
Stoke’s Bridge, north of Bishopvtlle.
Wednesday afternoon young Gilbert be
came possessed of a dynamite cartridge,
and not being abie to classify it, called
in Ihe assistance of a larger hoy, George
Gainey, who proceeded to make a thor
ough lnvesiigation, and with prompt re
sults. ns the cartridge exploded, breaking
Gainey's collar hone and shattering the
thumb and two fingers of his left hand.
Little Gilbert's face was considerably lac
erated and one of his eyes badly hurt.
Ur. McLare. who treated the wounded
boys, thinks that he will be able to save
Gilbert's eye, but with greatly impaired
vision. He amputated Gainey’s brui'sd
fingers and reports both patients doing
well. The boys know dynamite now. and
will not do so agalfi.
Florence Times: The small-pox situation
in the up-country Is getting warmer and
warmer every day, and w.il probably lead
to the enaction of the health laws that
have been so long begged for by the
; Board of Health. The Union muddle
has resulted lu a big row up th6re nml
tho passage of resolutions denunciatory
of everybody concerned excepi the parties
passing them. Among those denounced
was Dr. Evans, who Is charged with pro
fessional discouriesy find double dealing,
and Gov. MeSweeney for earing more for
re-election and favoring corporate capi
tal more than the people. The resolutions
'are in the fnost extravagant style, and if
the parties passing them had any founda
tion In reul grievances they gave shot so
far of the mark and so high In the air
that whatever of truth there Is has been
lost in their absurdity.
A fire at Fountain Inn. near Greenville,
the other day, destroyed SIO,OOO worth of
property, consisting of eight warehouse*
and thpir contents. YVhen discovered
the fire was beyond control ond the citi
zens were powerless. They had to stand
by and see their property leveled to
ashes. The tire originated in a warehouse
belonging to Garrett & McKelvey, whl.*
is located on the C. and W. C. Railway's
side track. The following property was
destroyed: Warehouse of Garrett & Mc-
Kelvey, containing about SSOO worth of
hay, corn, bagging and ties: warehouse
of L. E. McKnlght & Cos., containing 150
bushels of corn: Peden & Babb's ware
house and six tons of guano belonging to
Armstrong A Babb; T. E. Nelson's lum
ber house, containing $1,500 worth of lum
ber; Y. R. Scrugg’s warehouse and a
small amount of lumber; three cotton seed
warehouses, all empty, with the excep
tion of one, containing about four tong
of guano, the property of James I. West.
W. F. HAMILTON,
Artesian Well Contractor,
OCALA, FLA.
Am prepared to drill wells up to any
depth. We use flrst-claSs machinery, can
do work on snort notice and guarantee
satisfaction.
THE MORNING NEWS: MONDAY, MAY 28, 1900.
THE FARM AND THE GARDEN
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGIU
CILTIRIST AND HOUSEWIFE.
'
The Two artichokes, the "Bor” and
the "Jerusalem"—Splendid Crops
for Slock—Celery as a Money Crop.
Success of n Florida Celery-
Grower.
A correspondent inquiring about arti
chokes evidently misapprehends how great
tbe difference is bitwten the bur or globe
artichoke and the Jerusalem.
The Bur artichoke is a gardon vegetable,
but little grown In the South. It Is con
sidered a very great delicacy in Europe.
Its botanical name is Cynara Scclymus,
while the tuberous vegetable which H. B.
doubtless has in mind, is a different spe*
cits altoge her. The common artichoke,
grown chiefly for hogs, is known as He
llanthus tuberosus.
The Glebe artichoke should have a place
in every well ar anged garden; for the
part that is tdible is a most de ightful
dish and highly appreciated by gultlvated
tastes.
It is a perennial and under judicious
treatment wi'l c mlnue to bear for a num
ber of years. It is propagated from seed
or from suckers, the latter being the best
way for quickly establishing a plat of it.
There are nurserymen who supply plants
at reasonable prices. It requires good,
strong soil and t he rows should be 4 or 4Vi
feet apart, and hills male every 3 feet
in the row. To each hill 3 plants are set
in a triangle 8 or 10 inches apant. After
the plants have started to grow gome
good compost should be free y applied
about the h 11s and it will be a g eat ad
vantage io mulch about the plants.
The pari that is used is the flowerhead
which is quite fleshy. When cooked these
fiowerheads are served with butter, pep
p r, salt, eic., or wi h oil and vinegar.
There are several ways of preparing the
dish, however.
Near 'he larger towr s this plant can be
cultivated with considerable profit.
The Jerusalem artichoke is a splendid
crop for sock. espcc ally hogs and cows,
and we have always treated it as a garden
vegetable for it makes a sup: ror cheap
pickle, and stewed in milk is a cl lightful
dish, and it is very strange that it Is not
more valued than it appears to be. Both
of these artichokes should be grown in
every gard n.
Some Money In Celery.
Just think of it ! A Florida trucker
has five acres of celery growing. About
the 15th of May he was offered SB,OOO for
the crop of the five acres. Just think of
this on Florida soli in the vicinity of
Sanford. It should make a poor cotton
farmer blue all over. To be sure, it
requires intelligence and perseverance to
accomplish such a result. Until quite re
cently celery has been regarded as a win
ter or fall vegetable, but It seems that it
is as desirable a vegetable for summer as
any other. Why not? Naturally it should
be a greater relish in hot weather than in
cold, more so really than leiiuce.
The Sanford Star of a recent date state*
that four solid refrigerator cars loaded
with celery left Sanford one evening. Each
car contained about 350 crates of the vege
table. One shipper received a check of
S7OO for 300 crates.
While celery will not thrive on ordinary
Southern soil, still there is more or less
soil on every Southern farm in Georgia
and Florida that will readily grow U if
properly prepared with the plow and prop
eriy manured. The requirements are good
seed of a good variety. Moist, rich soil,
well prepared at the proper time and plants
set out at the proper time. Celery requires
a good deal of water and only those who
can irrigate the crop can grow it to the
very best advantage, but on rich, moist
soil, under the bell plan, and growing the
dwarf kinds excellent celery can be
grown with the aid of a mulch. Care mufti
be used that no rank heating manures be
applied to the crop. Good old compost
that will not heat up any more is the kind
lo use and it should be applied liberally,
dug In io ttie depth of 8 or 10 inches, so
that every part of the soil is occupied .by
it.
How many of our readers are growing
celery even for their own use?
Hatching anil Raising Turkeys.
Turkey raising is lo me the most inter
esting branch of the poultry industry,
and it Is the most profitable, says Mrs.
Jennie Wilcoxen in Rural World. I feel
that, something has been accomplished
when taking a little turkey weighing only
a few ounces it has been reared to a
big. strong bird that will weigh some 20
to 32 pounds and even more when eigh
or nine months old. But one must not
be afraid of work when hb goes Into the
poultry business, eithqr with chickens or
turkey*. It takes patience and persever
ance. for one meets wlih many disap
pointments; It is not all sunshine. But
turkeys will pay well for the trouble and
when six weeks old the most of the work
and danger is over, especially on I lie
farm where wheat and oats are grown
and hogs fed.
I would by nil means have pure bred
stock. I prefer the Bronze turkeys, as
they are so large and hardy, and have
such beautiful plumage.
If the hen lays in a suitable place for
sitting do not remove her, but should this
be necessary let her sit two or three days
or until she is real broody. Make a nest
in some suitable place. Place some hen
eggs in the nest and after dark move the
turkey and quietly place on the nest, hav
ing first sprinkled her well with Insect
powder. Then fasten her In. When she
is quiet place 4ha turkey eggs under. Let
her off for feed and water every day.
If ere wants early turkeys, put the
eggs under chicken hens some two weeks
before the turkey hen sits. She will care
for the chick* when hatched. I have had
vurkev hens to sit only one week and be
ns good mothers as though they had sat
four weeks. Dust well with Insect pow
der a few days before hatching, for lice
are death to poults. It is best to remove
the little fowls from the nest and wrap
In warm flannel cloth and keep them In
a warm place. At dark again place them
under the hen and he sure there are no
crocks through which *hey can creep, for
if there are they will be sure to gel out
and chill to death.
Have a pen ready to move the hen to
when she is ready to leave the nest. Se
lect a high place where grass Is short to
make the pen. The pen .should be made
of boards one foot wide and twelve or six
teen feet long; the larger the pen the bet
ter. Again, lio careful that there is no
place left through which Ihe small poults
can get out or they will wander away
and die.
In one end of the pen pul a coop or
large box for them to roost in. If a coop
have a plank floor, place a little clean,
dry straw on the floor. This must be re
moved nnd replaced often, for cleanliness
Is health to turkeys. The small poults
will need no feed for twenty-four or thir
ty-six hours, but give the hen oil the
corn nnd water she wants.
Feed egg cornbread with a little black
pepper nnd milk curd with onion lops
chopped fine Cracked wheat mixed with
the other feed is excellent. (1 grind mine
in n coffee mill.) I feed five times a day
for two weeks, then feed three times a day.
When one week old I let out of the pen
for a little while and see to It that the
hen does not hide from me. It seems to
be their nature to hide their young.
Give plenty of fresh water in shallow
pans. When two or three weeks old I
let them go oft and stay all day.
Never allow them o roost away from
home. 'Lei fiiem fly up to roost as soon
as they will, un'es- you have shefis for
them to roost under. V
Do not try to raise turkeys With chick
ens. Don't negbet to look for lice, for
they will soon kill a little turkey. I'se a
little lard on the heal, around the veni
und on their wings where the flight feath
ers co-e out, but remember that too
much is fatal. insect powder may be
used, but carefully. When the quill feath
ers begin to grow out find cause their
wings to dioup pul, them out.
1 use broken dishes for grit. Pound
them up fine.
The Future of Farming.
Fa mtng as a profession under present
and pr:apec lve con itlons mus' inevita
bly become m r and mere attractive to
righ -minded m< n very ws ly observe*
tie Fatm and Rinch. The c:u*Je methods
and iraager reiurns o.’ the past are being
superseded by the results of profound
ietudy and practical expe imentatlon.Here
tofore we have bed i- lucat and farmers who
knew no more of the fundamental r>rin
c pies of agrlcul un than a Jewish hab
er* ashcr. Man . ,cf them who could read
Caesar's Da Bello Galileo, or the Iliad. In
ihe original tor.gu s. dll not know that
nitrogen was chiefly rssponstble for the
da;k grreri color In growing h>at which
so delighted their eyes. Thty could de
monstrate the "r> o’jlem of the fights."
hut could rol calculate a balanced ration
for old Brind e They might know the po
litical history of* ti c c< untry fr m Alex
ander Hamilton to William McKinley,
without know ng the differ nee between
a Flandierian escutcheon and a Mexican
brand on a broncho. They were educated
in all the medern sciences but didn't
know that chemistry had anything to do
wiih feeding cattle, or nourishing corn
or cot* on. But the agricultural colleges
are changing all that, and are turning
out farmers who can give a reason for
agri u'.tural processes who can tell what
kind of 10. and is needed by a cow or a
stalk of corn; hew to fatten a beef or a
field at th? least possible cost.
These colleges are not turning loose
trough such farmers, but it is not the
fault of the col eves; but the number
who Dave their a!ma mater for the farm
is increasl-g eve; y year, and every such
farmer becomes a teacher, with all his
neighbors for pupils. There ha< been a
wonderful improvement in recent years,
and there is more room. Th? world must
have farm products; consumers are in
creasing faster than producers, and the
natural law of supply and demand will
enhance the value of agricultural pro
fit) ts and the Importance of the man who
produces them. The South is now build
ing factories, and this will remove from
the farms those who can hist be spared
fer goed farmers will not drive spinning
mules, nor tie th ir teams with weavers’
sleighs with weavers' harness. Those
who leave the farms Tor Ihe factories wifi
income consumers if faim prcducts and
wi'l Increase Ihe demand more than they
decrease ihe supply. So long a3 people
must have farm proiue s or starve, and
so leng as consumers increase more rap
idly than producers, so long and so con
tinually must farming increase in im
per ante Men edu ated in agricultural
solchce will find* their chief del ght in put
ting their kn wlcdge in practice and find
ing such work interis ing pleasant and
profitable, and, endowed with ad gree of
personal liberty and independence un
known in any other busin ss. t-ey will
continue lo farm a r d attract to the farm
others who are like-minded.
The Philosophy of Soli Culture.
Nearly all tillable lands naturally have
large qunntifies of Ihe elements of fer
tility in them, but continued cropping is
sure to greatly reduce the supplies of ni
trogen, phosphoric acid and potash which
are the first to give out, writes Prof.
H. E. Van Dorman. The time will come
sooner or later when they will have to be
replenished. Stable manure contains all
of them., but there is rarely enough of it
on a farm to supply the needs. By sow
ing clover, cow peas, etc., and plowing
them under about every three years,
enough nitrogen may be obtained for noth
ing. bht the seed and the labor. This
is the most OOstiy manure of ihe three.
Dried blood, slaughier-house refuse ond
nitrate of soda are good sources from
which to get it, if it is necessary to buy
it. Phosphoric acid may be had cheaply
in the form of acid phosphate rock and
dissolved bone.
Potosh, which is one of the most needed
of all, can be had very cheaply in mu
riate of potash, sulphate of potash and
kainlt. The two former, are, however,
far the richest in potash and* there is a
saving in freight and handling.
Stable manure makes humus and fo do
clover and other soiling crops. A ton of
clover, dry, is worth fully sl9, to the land
when plowed under, and the same ts true
of cow pea fodder. Their benefits can
scarcely he recalled without a trial, by
plowing under a good crop of cne or both.
With a soil thoroughly enri hed, as just
indicated, the equally impo tent rraitr
Of plowing and tillage should he as fully
understood and carried into effe *t with ail
possible cayc. Plowing is dore to loosen
the soil: to make it sponge like so it wll
hold plenty of moisture and admit the
air. Simply turning over the furrow slice
It hot enough. It should he stirred and
pulverized, and the finer the better. This
cannot be done when U is wet. os stirring
then gill only make it mo e compact.
Plow and re-plow; harrow and re-harrow;
roll and re-roll until (here seems no pos
sibility of getting the soil any finer. As
to the depth of plowing, that depends m et
how far it is to the unstirred subsoil. Do
not expect to plow more than an inch rr
two in one year below whete ihe p ow l as
already been. Gradually deepen the loos*)
soli by successive years of deeper plow
ing until it is as deep as possible. Th*>
thicker and finer the sponge cf m 11 w
earlh and humus, the more water it will
hold against a drought to come. No amount
of after cultivation will make up for the
lack of proper preparation before planting.
And now as to tilloge. The common
notion, is that It is for the purpose of
killing weeds. While it Is necessary that
they should be killed and thorough tillage
wlli do it. yet thera Is a far more potent
reason for it. and this is the retention of
moisture In the soil. Without moisture
nothing can grow. The roots must have
it constantly within easy reach. Upon
the supply in the soil, the entire structure
of tree, plant or vine depends for the
water to fill every tissue from the tinlesr
root to the topmost leaf. The leaves, nnd
to some extent the bark, exhale moisture
while the roots absorb it. The fertilizing
elements also depend upon moisture in the
soil Io dissolve them and act ns a me
dium by which they may be carried into
the circulation of the sap. No matter
how rich the soil may be. without water
its virtue cannot be felt by the growing
rrop. Lack of sufficient moisture Is often
the cause of the failure of fertilizers to
prove beneficial. The same principal holds
good with regard to the natural fertility
of the soil.
And here is Just where tilloge comes in
to help make the crop, provided there have
been sufficient raips, or In case of Irri
tation sufficient water has been applied
lo the soil, the frequent stirring of the
top soil keeps the water below from es
caping, except through the roots of the
glowing crops. There Is a constant ten
dency In the pores of the Soil to brftg
Ihe water to the surfaca. as the sunshine
and winds evaporate It and carry it away.
The cultivator, harrow or any instrument
that will finely pulverize ihe soli breaks
up and destroys the upper end* of these
pores and thus Interrupts the passage
of the water. The finer and dryer this
top soil Is made the more perfect Is the
interruption. This is the most important
point in the philosophy of soil culture.
Let it be firmly fixed within the mind of
every farmer, or whoever he may be that
manages the cultivation of the soil. He
should feel that tillage should be so thor- j
ough and frequent that the smallest pos- 1
sible amount of water 1s not permitted '■
to escape. If this one simple theory was j
put Into general practice. It would add
many millions of dollars to our net prof
its and be a source of constant gratifica
tion.
Nitrogen Gatherer*.
Red clover and ocw peas are the agen
cies through which nitrogen is deposi el
in the soil, and they arc the best resto
rative crops known, says the Rural Lt.
Either will “bring up” worn-out soil as
quickly as any kind of comme cial f.rt 1-
izer and make it productive in t.me. The
cow pea is perhaps superior in this re
gard to clover because there are more I
tubercles on the roots. Clover nodules or
nitrogen reservoirs are rmaikr than trose
of the cow pea and are not as numer u;
they are about the size cf a clover teed,
while frequently cow pea tubercles grow
lo ihe size of a robin’s egg, the avsr. ge
size being about that of aped.
It is rather strange that in poor, clayey
soil these nitrogen cti.s are more num;.-
ous than in rich soil; it Is nc strance,
either, if ihe facts In the case are t k n
into consideration, yet to many ihis
seems something perhaps a bit irhar
monious with the laws of plant grow th,
believing that the richer the sol lh)
greater the tubercles. It should be re
membered that rich soil contain) a lar-e
percentage of nitrogen; indeed could rot
be called rich unless it did contain his
important constituency, so that when
leguminous crops, or nitrogen restore s.
are planted or sown to such land they
find plant food already present ani the
bacterial nitrogen gatherers have noth
ing to do. hence it is that, on the roots
of cow peas or clover In rich sol! there
are no tubercles or nodules containing
nitrogen, while in clayey or poor soils
the roots will be very liberally supplied
with them. In the Tatter class of scil
nitrogen is deficient if net absolutely ex
hausted and the campaign for it begins
at once when clover or cow p?as are
sown, depositing it in the little res r
voirs.
We ask Ruralist readers to read the
above from Farmers’ Voice in connection
with the facts In regard to cotton seed
from the Mississippi Experiment Station.
There is no soil in the South but can be
made productive and profitable through
these two agencies, cowpeas and cotton
seed, properly utilized. A Holland dairy
man would make money out of cotton,
growing it for thfe seed alone.
It is possible that the following facts
issued by the Mississippi Experiment Sta
tion, or similar ones, have appeared in
the Southern Ruralist before, hut they
should be kept constantly before Southern
farmers who sell their co, ton seed for $5
to $8 a ton:
“The facts, as demonstrated, are: (1) A
pound of cotton seed has a greater value
for feeding cattle than a pound of corn;
(2) a pound of cotton seed meal has a
feeding value about equal to two pounds
of corn; (3) that at least 85 per cent, of
the fertilizing ingredienis in the feeds is
excrete.) by the animals fed, and may be
recovered in the manure; (4) that nearly
half of the fertilizing ingredients excreted
is found in the urine; (5) that both cot
ton seed and cotton seed meal may consti
tute a very important part of the grain
feed of cattle without injury to their
health (6) that cotton seed and cotton seed
meal, when fed to dairy cows in proper
quantity and properly combined with
other feeds, do not injure the quali.y of
either milk or butter.
“With corn at 40 cents per bushel
(about the average price in this state), a
ton of cotton seed is worth $16.70 as a
feed for either beef cattle or dairy cat
tle.
“including the manure, a ton of cotton
seed has a value to the farmer of $25.79.
“In a similar s*ay we find the feeding
value of a ton of cottonseed meal to be
] $23.50, and the manure to be worth $19.13
for every ton of meal consumed, making
a toial value of $47.69.that a farmer might
derive per ton by first feeding the meal
to cattle and apply the manure to his
land.”
This is a leak on most cotton-growing
farms In the South that should be stop
ped at once.
Mineral Constituent* of Plant*.
An Illinois subscriber wishes an ex
planation of how mineral substances get
into plants, that is. as he expresses it,
“Minerals that are insoluble except in
ac'd " Insoluble mire al matter can not
get ir.to the plant. But the min ral ele
ments of a plant are carried into it in
solution. If it is a mineral that water
tan dissolve, wholly or partially, the
particles that are held in solution are
carried by the charged wat r thiough the
roots in o the tree. If salt is added to
water in an unglaz and earthen dish, like
j a flowtr pot, with the hole in the bottom
| slop ed up. it will be found in time that
j there Is a deposit on the outside of the
[ pot, and, if tasted, it will be found to be
j salty. The mois ure has gone through the
j s.'dts of the pot end cariied the salt,
with which the water is charged, wdth it.
Th s is what water does with soluble min
' erals when it enters the ioq;s of a plant.
There is, too, at the end of roots an acid
! that ads th" water in dissolving miner
j a Is. It is n t true, however, that the wa
j ter takes into the plant all the rplnerals
| which it holds in solution. In the econ
omy of nature, the roots, in a natural
condition, permit the entrance into the
plant of only such minerals as the plant
needs.
What Depend* Upon the Seed.
The es imate placed upon the quality
of garden, farm and field seeds, says
Faimers’ Voice, cannot be too high, for
! upon the germinating strength and vigor
of the seed will depend, to large degree,
the success of the erep Th? grower needs
carefully to consider th’s when ordering
seeds. He wants fresh reeds Stsle pack
ages may be all right, but it is best to
be on the safe* sld >. Good see ls command
good prices and no one should complain
of any price tljat is consistent with the
quality.
Ccrn growers say good seed is half the
crep. Cardeneis say their chief concern
is to plant good seeds. Florists tell us
tha success In their line depends largely
upon the quality of seeds sown and
plants set. All growers of vegetables, ce
reals and grasses unite in the expression
that the selection and planting rf good
se.-d determines the profit of their bust
r.ess. With every enlightened farmer,
lacked by every experiment station and
scientific agriculturists, horticulturists,
gardeners and producers of crops, advo
cating good seed as the basis of a guc
ci ssful crop it seems inexcusable that
anyone hould plant Inferior seeds.
The same paper further says that the
very foundation of agricultural success
lies in good seed and geod nursery stock,-
for nothing will more surely work failure
than poor seed or poor nursery stock. The
law of heredity works powerfully tn plant
life, as dors the law of selection and im
provement. and nowhere else have these
two laws been more closely studied and
nsslduously employed than In the nurser
ies and seed gardens of the United
States.
Garden Culture of fttrnwlirrrle*.
Everyone who has a little rmteh of gar
den to cultivate, and especially every far
mer, should raise all the strawberries the
family can use. This Is on easy matter
If tho right start is made. First select
a piece of well drained ground, then work
into the soil all the well-t'Ottad manure
possible. I do not think the lar.d can be
made too rich for strawberries, bet me |
plants early in spring. 18 inches each
way if cramped for room, but c.vo feet
each way is better, or one by three If a
cultivator •an be us'fi. Ft t as mar O
plants as you want quarts of berries, be
cause each plant should average a quart
under intensive culture. Select varieties
that do the best in your vicinity, early,
medium and late.
After planting, pick the blossoms off
the first year and keep the runners cut
off. Keep Ihe plants in hills, and by
fall each one ought to be as laTge as a
half bushel basket and capable of pro
ducing a quart of big berries the next
season. Keep the ground loose, do not
let a crust form, do not let a weed grow.
The berry plants need all the moisture
and all the fertility in the soil. As soon
as the ground is froaen in early winter,
put on a good, thick covering of leaves or ’
bagasse from a cane mill to protect the
plants in the winter and spring and keep
the berries clean in the summer and the
ground moist underneath the mulch. In
the spring the coverings may be taken off
from immediately over the plants. By
cutting ihe runners every year and keep
ing the plants in hills, good crops of ber
ries will be produced for several years.—
Am. Ag.
In the far south the plants may be set
in the fall and winter and furnish
berries for the table the following summer.
If you have failed to get in a patch in the
spring, do not neglect it in the fall, re
membering tbe berry's need of o rich, well
drained and worked soil.
it has been clearly ascertained that the
carbon, which, when other elements are
eliminated, we call charcoal, and which
enters so largely into the structure of a
tree, is taken from the atmosphere through
the medium of the leaves; but how it is
sent down the structure so as to add to
the size of the most distant root is yet on
unsolved problem.—Meehan's Monthly.
Notice. I
We solicit articles for this department.
The name of the writer should accom
pany the letter or article, not necessarily
for publication, but as an evidence of
good faith.
Questions and communications relative
to agricultural and horticultural subjects
if addressed lo Agri. Editor. Drawer N,
Miliedgeville, Ga., Will receive Immediate
attention.
FLORIDA'S INSANE ASYLUM.
An Important State Institution Tbnt
Is Well Kept.
Marianna, Fla.. May 26 —A jolly party of
ten left Marianna recently to spend a day
at the Florida Hospital for the Inscn ,
near Chattahoochee. The party was met
at the depot by two hacks, and at rnct
started for the hospital along a red clay
road, winding around among a forest of
pines and hardwood trees, up and down
hill, getting higher all the time, until
after going three miles the hosp (a! build
ings were reached.
The present hospital is on Ihe site of
the old United States Arsenal, end the
old dwelling offices, store buildings and ar
mory are still in use. In 18*14 the United
'States surveyed off 1,825 acres of land a
this place and erected an arsenal and mag
azine, with all necessary buildings for a
guard, and here were kept a store of
guns, ammunition and supplies, guarded
by a small force.
In 1861, after the breaking out cf the
Civil War. a company of so'dle’s from
Quincy, Fla., came to the arsenal and
captured the place, holding it and the sup
plies for the Confederate States govern
ment.
After the war it reverted to the United
States, and in 1866 the United States gave
it to the state of Florida. It was ihen
used for some years for a state peniten
tiary. until in 1876 the state besan to te se
out her convicts,* thus doing away vbh Ihe
necessity for a penitentiary. In 18,7 the
slate established here a Hospi al for the
Insane and it has been so occupied and
used ever since.
At first the accommodations we e limit
ed, but new buildings have b en added
from time to time, until now, on the com
pletion of a building now in course of erec
tion. it will accommodate about 900 pa
tients. _
The present superintendent, J. \V.
Trammel, was appointed in 1893, ond u iler
his able management the place has become
practically self-sustaining. At present
there are about 600 patients, who afe well
taken care of.
The force of assistants and nurses are
seventy-two in number.
Attached to the hospital is a farm of
three hundred acres, ond a garden of some
twenty acres, all the work being done
by patients.
There is a well equipped laundry capa
ble of washing and drying sixteen thous
and pieces per week. An electric plant
furnishes light for the buildings and
grounds, all the buildings are heated by
steam and a large water tank furnishes
an abundance of pure water. All the
clothing used in the hospital is made on
the place by the patients.
The buildings and yards are divided into
wards, for white and black patients, sep
arating the male and female patients, and
also the Incurables and those who can be
cured.
The working patients are divided into
squads, who only work on alternate days,
thus giving them a day of rest between
each work day. A large hall in the hos
pital is fitted up as o theater, with a
pretty drop curtain, painted by a former
patient, and here occasional dances are
held, attended by the patients. Twice o
month religious services are held in ihis
hall by the Rev. W. H. Carter of the
Episcopal Church, Tallahassee, nnd occa
sional services by other ministers.
The physician in charge. Dr. Louis de
U. Blocker, has a well fitted office, and
drug store, equal to any in the state. The
kitchen is an up-to-date establishment,
where most of the cooking is done' by
sieam.
In feeling the patients, fourteen bar
rels of flour, two thousand -pounds of pork
and six thousand pounds of fresh beef
are consumed every week, besides vegeta
bles. etc., grown on the place. A large
dairy is in operation, with a herd of about
sixty Jersey cows, giving an abundance
of milk and butter.
Starting in 1893, with seven Berkshire
pigs, at present a large part of the pork
used on the place is mode, last season
there being twenty-eight thousand pounds
killed and cured, ond this season over
forty thousand pounds will be killed.
In all particulars this place seems to be
well managed, and Is n credit to ihe state.
It is but little known however, being away
from the railroad, nnd out in the country,
but is well worth a visit.
The party spent two hours being taken
all through the yards and buildings, and
seeing and, talking with the patients.
Returning Ihen to the dwelling of the
superintendent, the party was pleasantly
entertained by him and his family, until
lato in the afternoon, when they started
homeward.
CASTOR IA
For Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Ocean Steainsnio Go..
—FOR
&ew York* Boston
—AND—
THE EAST.
Unsurpassed cabin acciaximodatuons. aa
the comforts of a modern hotel. E ectri*
lights. Unexcelled table. Tickets lndud*
meals and barths aboard ship.
Passenger Fares Horn SavannA
TO NEW YORK-FIRST CABIN
FIRST CABIN ROUND TRIP s3*>' {S‘
TERM EDI ATE CABIN, sls. INTERMIX
DIATE CABIN ROUND TRIP 'of
STEERAGE, sl9. ’
TO BOSTON - FIRST CABIN t*.
FIRST CABIN ROUND TRIP $.16 ' lv
TERM EDI ATE CABIN. sl7; INTERM*
DIATE CABIN ROUND TRIP m
STEERAGE, $11.75. i * **
The express steamships cf this line ari
appointed to sail from Savannah. CentrM
OOth) meridian time, as folknws: "
SAVANNAH bO NEW YORK.
KANSAS CITY. Capt. Fhther, MOY
DAY. May 28. 4:30 p. m.
CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. DagzetL
TUESDAY. May 29. 5:30 p. m . '
NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith, FRlDv*
June 1, at 7:30 a. m. " ‘
LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, Capt. Has.
lon, SATURDAY. June 2, at 8:30 p m
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, Capt Bum
MONDAY, June 4, at 10 a. m. *
TALLAHASSEE, Capt. Asking, TUEJ.
DAY. June 5, at* 11 a. m.
CITY OF AUGUSTA, Capt. Daggett FTH
DAY'. June 8, at 1:00 p. m.
NACOOCHEE. Capt. Smith, SATTRD\y
June 9. at 2 p. m. 1 j
LA GRANDE DUCHFISSE. Capt. Ran.
ion, MONDAY, June 11, at 3:30 p. m
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM. Capt Bam
Ti re&.'JAY, June 12. at 3:00 p, m.
TALLAHASSEE. Capt. Askins, FRIDA7
June la, at 6 a. m.
CITY OF AUGUSTA. Capi. Daggett SAT
URDAY, June 16, at 7:00 p. m.
NACOOCHEA Capt. Smith, MONDVf
June 18, at 9 r* "i.
C TJ ATTAHOOf NEE. Capt. Lewis. TUE3.
DAY. June 19, f,N 10 p. m.
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM. Capt. Burn
FRIDAY', June 22, at 12:30 a. m.
TALLAHASSEE, Copt. Aeklns, SATUR
DAY. June 23. at 2 pi in.
CITY OF AUGUSTA. Capt- Daggett.MOM.
DAY'. Juno 25, at 3:30 p. nv
NACOOCHEE, Capt. Smith. TUESDAT. 3
June 26. at 4:30 p. m-
KANSAS CITY. Capt. Fisher. FRIDAY,j
June 29, 6 a. m.
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM. Capt. Bui*,
SATURDAY, June 30. at 6:00 p. m
SAVANNAH TO BOSTON—DIKI* T.
CITY OF MACON. Capt. Savage,THUß3.
DAY. May 31. 7:00 p. m.
CHATTAHOOCHEE, Capt.
THURSDAY. June 7, at 12 noon.
CITY OF MACON, Capt. Savaga
THURSDAY, June 14, at 5 a. m.
NEW YORK TO BOSTON.
CITY OF MACON, Capt. Savags,
FRIDAY', June 22, 12:00 noon.
CITY OF MACON, Capt. Savage
WEDNESDAY'. June 27. 12:00 noon.
Tms company reserve* ihe right te
change its sailings without notice an!
without liability or accountability there
for.
Sailings New York for Savannah dally
except Sundays and Mondays 5:00 p ra.
Sailings Boston for Savannah Wed
nesdays from Lewis' wharf, 12:00 noon.
W. G. BREWER. City Ticket end Baa*-
enger Agent, 107 Bull street. Savannah,
Ga.
E. W. SMITH, Contracting Freight
Agent, Savannah, Ga.
R G. TREZEVANT, Agent. Savannah.
Ga
(VALTER HAWKINS. General Agent
Traffic D-'p't, 224 W. Bay street. Jack
sonville. Fla.
E. H. HINTON, Traffic Manager, Bs
vannah, Ga.
P. E. LE FEVRE, Superintendent. N#
Pier 35. North River. New York. N I.
MERCHANTS AND MINERS
TRANSPORTATION CO.
aibAUkdir Links.
SAVANNAH TO BALfiIiOHE.
Tickets on sale at company’s offices •
the following points at very low rates:
ATLANTIC CITY. N. J*
BALTIMORE, MD. BUFFALO, N. TANARUS,
BOSTON, MASS.
CHICAGO, ILL. CLEVELAND. 0,
ERIE. PA.
HAGERSTOWN. HARRISBURG, -A,
HALIFAX. N. 6.
NIAGARA FALLS. NEW YORK.
PHILADELPHIA.
PITTSBURG. PROVIDENCH,
ROCHESTER. „„„„
TRENTON. WILMINGTON.
WASHINGTON. .
First-class tickets include meat*
state room berth. Savannah lo BaMrnM*,
Accommodations and cuisine
Freight capacity unlimited; careful ban*
dling and quick dispatch.
The steamship* of this company are ap
pointed to sail from Savannah to Haiti
more as follows (standard time):
ITASCA, Capt. Driggs. TUESDAY, May
ALLEGHANY. Capt. Billups, THURS
DAY, May 31, 6;00 p. m.
NEW ORLEANS, Capt. Eldridge, oAi
‘ URDAY. June 2. at 7 p. m. r
D. 11. MILLER, Capt. Peters. Tl E3DAY,
June 5, at 10 a. m. _. v *
ITASCA, Capt. Diggs, THt RSDAY,
June 7, at 1 p. m. a a run.
ALLEGHANY, Capt. Billups, SATT n-
DAY. June 9, at 2 p. m. tt TH.
NEW ORLEANS. Capt. Eldridge, Tl DS*
DAY, June 12, at 4 p. m.
D. H. MILLER. Capt. Peters, THI R® 4
DAK, June 14. at 5 p. m.
And from Baltimore Tuesdays. Thurae
days and Saturdays at 4:00 p. m*
Ticket Office 39 Bull street.
NEWCOMB COHEN, Trav. Agent.
J. J. CAROLAN. Agent.
(Savannah, G*-
W. P. TURNER. G. P. A. _ w
A. D. STEBBINS. A. T. M.
J. C. WHITNEY. Traffic Manager-
General Offices, Baltimore, Md.
FRENCH LINE.
COUMGNIf GENERRLE TIMTIRM
DIRECT LINE TO HAVRE—PARIS (France)
Sailing every Thursday at 10 a m.
From Pier No. 42. North River, foot Morton jw
La louraine May 31 La Chainpagne.Jnne.i
I-a Bretagne . June 7|L' Aquitaine
La Gascogne June l| La Touratne — J y
First sall ng of new twin-screw express
steamer La Lorraine from New o
July 12, 1900.
General Agency, 32 Broadway, New Y° rK '
Messrs. Wilder & Cos.
LEMONS.
B'ack Eye, Pigeon and Cow Feaa
Potatoes, Onions, Peanuts, and all iruua
and vegetables in season.
Hay. Orain, Flour. Feed. M
Rice Straw, Maglo Poultry and B,OCB
Food.
Our Own Cow Feed. etc.
213 and 216 BAT. WEST.
W. D. SIMKINS & CO.