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Georgia Times* & State Rights’ Advocate. BY ROCKWELL A KAIFOKO. U3K2S ANU STATE KIGHTS’ ADVOCATE, Publish'd lYeekly in the Town of MiU-dgeviUe' AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANRI’S, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates: those sent without a specified number of inser tions, will ' e published until ordered out, and charged accordingly. Sales of Land, by Administrators, Executors, or Guardians, are required, by law, to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between ihe hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the court-house in the county' in which the property,!* situate. Notice of thetse sales must be given in a public gaietto sixty days previous to tne'flny of sale. Sale* of negroes must be at public auction, on the first Tuesday of the month, between the usual hours of sale, at the' place of pub lic sales in tho county where the letters Testamentary, of Administration or Guardian ship. may have been granted, first giving sixty days nettics thereof, in one of the public ga seltes «f this State, and at the doer of the court-house, where such sales are to be held. Notice for the sale of Personal Property must b-given in like manner, forty days previous to the day of sale. Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an hs tate must he published for forty days. Notice that application will bo made to the Court of Ordinary for leave lo sell Land, must be published four months. Notice for leave to sell Negroes, must be published for four months before any order ab solaus shall be made thereon by the Court POETRY. , ] From the Metropolitan, for July.) SERENADE. Written fir Mozart's Mr, "Away with Mchnchol lyf with Madam Catalan s vurutt.ons. Uv *ir«. Crawford. The matin faM.'.s * n P Mli "£' •from tower am, ’arret grey : And fairy steps are O'er beds M areatlt. f hloom - awa y- Awake from Golden slut,’’ ,ri * That claim thee. Love ft. ’»• me : Let Music’s softest me übers , Unlock the spell that bangs •*> es t ieß ' Ob! fly with mo. land and sea, ) Where steps may ro-ve.anJ hearts may. o'* e '*' Where uestliag sweat,’mid boughs mat dn.'« Os tangled vtsm, or eglantine, !Jo- tot sliall rise ’nautii roseate skins. Where Lova, uttwatclied, ut.iy oreatho her iighs. My nallant bark is lying Beneath thy latln-e, dear; And spicy gales are sighing. To waft thee lo Love's rosy sphere— There's freedom on the billow. And music ill the wind ! Them Ellen, quit thy pillow, Those silken ora ids of j-t to bind— And fly with me o’er land and sea, XI y long denied, nay plighted once : In myrtle shades, and mystic glades, Where Tasso roved, and Petrarch .ovedj We’ll wing away the golden day— On ! fly with tue—away 1 away ! lUSiULLANUUI'K. history or an v> or lib LiUL WKITTEN BY HIMSELF. From the earliest of iny recollection, l have always entertained liberal notions of men and tilings; 1 have such a tho rougti and hearty contempt for meanness of spirit, and lor jieople «»t narrow incus, that l can scarcely regard them with com mon patience, My lather aud mother, and my old scamp of a schoolmaster, en deavored to chain down my aspiring spir it, and to degrade niy soul, by insulting into my youthful m nd narrow and con fined ideas ; but 1 was incapable dt re ceiving them, and 1 spurned them as a duck, wneit she shakes her leathers, scat ters the water from her back. Ido real ly hunk tnat common aiithmetic has a tendency to nil the mind with mean and pettifogging notions. I'liere is something so ridiculously contemptible in that silly accuracy of adding, suotracting, multiply ing, and dividing, even to the mceuessoi a single farthing. I never in my li e could make a sum in arithmetic exactly right ; and what in the name ot common sense can a trilling hall dozen or so, one way or other, signify ? That exceeding accu racy of calculation shows a narrow mind. My old fool of a schoolmaster told me, that if I did not do my sums right, l should never be able to keep a set ot books. Contemptible fellow 1 Did be imagine that l was ever going to let myself down to the meanness and sordidness of book keeping ? Look at those fellows who keep books ? What a mean, dull, elodpa tedrace of mortals they are—no wit, no fire, no imagination, no spirit, no humor among them, Look at them lumbering up to the city’ by coach-loads every moi aing from Islington, Fentonville, Somers Town, Paddington, Chelsea, Highgate, Hampstead, Camberwell, Peckham, and from ten thousand other places ; aud th“U lumbering back again in the evening, so stupiiied with book-keeping,that they can hardly tell the difference between bed and pudding. They spend their whole lives among figures, and so they never make 1 figure themselves. But it 1 was dis l £ustcd wilh common arithmetic, how much greater was my contempt ol trac tions—bits, pieces, o.'ds and ends, cheese parings, hairsplittings 1 I’eople may well call them vuljar fractions. " hy, it 1 was too liberal to care tor ten or a dozen, one w ay or other, was 1 likely to care two •traws for fractions—for halves, quarters, eights, and sixteenths ! Nonsense 1 told the man so to his face. “Sir,,’ said 1, ‘‘h’ive me leave to tell you, that l shall not chain myself down to trumpery ft actions; I have had plague euougit to learn your common rules, and I will not stoop ®y aspiring spirit to calculate 6ums less than a farthing. Give me the generosity and nobleness of spirit that is above the i meanness of calculation.*' 1 believe the man was struck for a mo ment with the grandeur and sublimity of my ideas, for he looked upon ine with e ■notion ana astonishment,while a smile ot admiration was playing upon his features; but presently summoning up the whole j schoolmasters!:.p within him, he replied: “All this is pretty talk—but how arn 1 to show iny face to your father, if I neglect to teach you what you are sent here to learn ? lam absolutely robbing your fa ther.” ‘ Well, sir," said I, “rob my father if you like, 1 am not so narrow-minded as to concern myself about that.” “The boy is mad.” said the fallow. An, that is the way I have always found it through life. Whenever any individual at all superior to the common run of mor tals dares to act and speak from the gen erous impulse of a noble nature, forthwith all the low-minded sordid sons of calcula tion exclaim, “ tie is mad 1” Poor narrow souled wretches ! They have no notion ol any thing that is free and generous ; they are made to draw in harness—to fol low a leader—never act from the impul ses of a towering spirit! A few months alter I had left school, my father said to me, “Hob,” and 1 said, ! ••Yes, sir.” “It does not appear tome, j Bob,” said my father, “that you are much ; the better for school.” “No, sir,” replied It “nor to me neither. I think it a great i mercy that 1 arn none the worse. That mean-spirited fellow was always endeavor- i tng to instil into me his own narrow no- j lions, and making such a udieuluus fuss if a sum was not right to a farthing ! Oh, sir, 1 could not bear such beggarly notions. » hat is a larthing, more or less, to agen llemau, and a man of liberal ideas ?” Aly father shook his head, and said. “Now, my dear Boh, let me talk seriously to you.” Then 1 shook iny head in re- | turn, and said, “Now iny dear father, pray I don’t.” “But, my dear Bob,” said my lather, ■ “how do you expect to get through the I world, without a little prudence and con t,,; deration I” “Why, as to the matter oi that,*. I replied, ‘1 may get through the world so. ” lcr without prudence than with:” "But,” said .' *’ y htiher, -it becomes a mat ter ot iinporuO'* 5 that you should now choose a proiess '*•*• "Du that point, ’ 1 said. “1 am perkily indilierent; but whatever prolession i ixdopt, 1 hope and trust i shall currv into i.t the liberal ideas ol a man ol high spirit. '" vv hat think you ol the church i” ** Ihe church! W ii\ there are some men oi liberal notions in it, but yet they art under some kind ot re straint, and it would not suit my liberal notions to undergo art examination by a bishop's chaplain: those k'Hows are some times apt to ask a variety impertinent questions, which no man o» bberal notions would care to answer. Thu !l l!| e style ot Uress ery bad—always blaDk — no ’ sir » that would never do. Besides, sir* there are many pleasant amusements w ! ‘-'db u clergyman is debarred ironi, whicu’ no inau ol liberal notions would choose surrender. No, sir, the church will ne' l l do.” “ i’he law I” “As far as my obser- [ valion has gone, I have fancied the law contracts tiie mind ; besides, sir, law-de- j pends so much upon precedents and an tiquated nolions, and ridiculous out-of-the way old tashioned acts of parliament, that ought to be buried oat of sight and iorgot tcn. ’1 hen, you know, there is no getting on at the bar without a great deal ot la-, bur and study, and poring over disgusting 1 and wearisome books, wmch by no means meet the views of a man ol liberal notions ; Kcally.sir, with all due lespect to you and I my grandfather, 1 must take the liberty to say, that 1 Have uo such very high opin ions ot the wisdom of iny ancestor. Gld people, sir, are much addicted to enter tain narrow views of things ; and law has so much to do with antiqui y and by gone notions, that i must decline it as a prolession.” “'V ell. Bob, as you please ; out you must do something—what think vou of physic? “Don’t like it, sir; cant oeaf the smell of drugs. Then to have a gilt Galen’s head, or pestle apd mortar, over one’s door,a transparency in the shop window, advice gratis to the poor—to be called out of one’s bed,or away from one’s dinner—especially if i was dining out, as gentlemen afe very apt to do—or to be called out of church, and suddenly woke in the midst of a sermon. To be accoun table for all the crotchets and caprices ot jalap —bah! No. sir, physic will never do.” "But, Bob, you positively must do some thing.,’ “Must, 1, sir, 1 am sorry, sorry for it *; that word must is very annoying.’’ {**What <io you think of keeping a shop?” •‘Can’t think of it tit all, sir; bowing be hind the counts? to whimsical customers; whom lam longing to kick \\ hats the next article!—uh, no, »o! shopkeeping will Pever do for me.” So I could never make choice oi a pro fession from ghat day to this. What a pity it is that the state does not make pro vision lor gentlemen of liberal notions ! so that they need not be under the galling and degrading necessity of stooping lo some ilMinpory profession or peddling employ ment to" avoid starvation J am really quite disgusted when I look round upon inv old scliool-lellows. and see some ol them riding in carriages, and others es tablished in lucrative professions, who were once not half so well off as myself. I'hev are rich, to be sure, but they are not to ho envied, for they have exceedinglv eoßti acted notions of thing?, U*no v they .W#L 1/ ED «I!I'/l,LF, IFTO.VCSO.fr OCTOBER, 0, ISS3. j were hearty, generous, high-spirited fel lows, singing songs, and drinking deep i cups ; but now they are as grave as judg les, as sordid as jews. And as starched asj old maids. They turn their backs on lh«ir] old friends, and all their souls are abstrb ed in making money. Sometimes, indeed, i when I find my coat out at elbows, ind • my finances scarcely equal to adinne: at; au“ ordina y,” I am tempted to wish that; I had adopted some prolession, and had j given a little attention to the meanness of inoncy-gctting. But, however, I mus; not Complain ; Ido now and then feel a little for want of a dinner, anua little mortification for 'Want of a clean cravat and a whole coat. Still I have rc tamed my independence and my liberal notions of men and things. And what is life without liberality of sentiment? Oh, I despise the vulgar, every-day, common place people, that pass you by shores in i public streets, elbowing their wa v along, and looking so greedily and avariciously, j as if they were born merely to gather to- j get her sordij pelf and filthy lucre. The; j despise my thread-hare coat and greasy '• hat, they look contemptuously on my old! brown black trowsers, and think foul! scorn of my gaping shoes; l>uf they ando 1 not see my mind—they know nothing ot ! the towering genius that dwells within.— ; They do not know that the man whom j they and spise is a man who despises them. 1 have often thought of illuminating the J world on the subject of things in general, j and of giving them new views of religion.j j politics, and society; but those mean and j j sordid booksellers, one and all, set their fa ces against every thing that is liberal.— j *1 hey talk about the march of iiitdler-t. but they do not care a fig for intellect.—j They merely print and publish for what they can get. They have no sympathy! with the towering aspirations of mind,— j 1 had a most excellent design for a work, t that should convince all mankind that they were a pack of fools, and that should pro- : Iduce such a glorious change in the con- 1 stitution of society, that taient and liberalr-] ty should reign triumphant; 1 communi cated my design to a publisher, and what; was his answer ? Blush, Britain, blush for the meanness of thy intellectual trades- ; men ! “J don’t think it will sell,’’said the j fellow. “Why, then,” said I, “give it’ away.” The man stared at me, and said, j ••What shall I get by that?” There, gen- 1 tie reader, there is a specimen of the sor- j didness ofbooksellers. “What -ball 1 get?” i When I see such narrowness of soul, and \ such degradation of mind, my heart bfeeds-j for humanity, and 1 almost blush to call j such wretches inv fellow-creatures. 1 ] must confess that this interview had such j an effect upon my nerves—l do not know i what my nerves are, but I know that they j vveie shocked it had such an effect, I say, i that for.a long while I could not apply to another publisher; but at length i did, | and onmiicr. They were all in the same i story, just as if they had conspired togcvW I er to thwart my views for the welfare of i the human race. 1 will not mention] names, for I do not wish to hold them up j o the equiempt and derision of mankind, j I am sorry to say tliat their meanness has j compelled me to a mode of insti uctirig the j Lhe which 1 should not have adopted bv ch oice, but to which 1 am driven by i neccss and v —l allude to Inscriptions on walls an J etable-doors, by means of a sim pie inslnu neiit, called a piece of chalk,— ! But the woi st of this mode of public in struction is, th u’ there is not room enough for an elaborate' argument, or even a well turned period 0. « is compelled Ocot/me one-seif to a certat, 1 sententious brevity, wihch convinces 1101.” but those who were j convinced before. W hen I write on a stable-door, “Hang the Bnsshops,’’ nobody hangs them on my recommendation. By j the way, 1 cannot’help remarking here on the illiberahty of a t< riiicd stable-boy, who, leading one ot inv inscriptions, found fault] with the spelling. Fool I 1 have iorgotj more spelling than he ever learnt. How , exceedingly captious and illiberal is it, 1 when no other fault is to be found with aj literary production, to (ind fault with the! spelling. Besides, what man that loves] his country 7 would not for its salvation tole- j rate a little bad spelling ? It would bea| rare thing for the country, if the books; which are swarming every day from the J press contained nothing more objectiona- j ble than a little bad sjieiling. Now it is very mortifying to a man I who is capable of governing an empire, not to have sixpence in his pocket, and to j have no opportunity of convincing the; world how much he is their superior. I ] have conversed with men of all sentiments, J but I hare found in them all a certain nar- j rowness of-ihind, and limitation of idea.— j Theie have been few, very few, that have j come quite up to my notion o! liberality—: Some people are liberal in one thing, and! some in another, but none, except myself,; have I yet met with, perfectly liberal in every point of view, hud upon every topic i of human m erest. 1 have endeavored, j and 1 think successfully, to keep my mind ; free from ali narrow prejudices, and it is often a consolation to me, when my Clothes want mending, that I have no prejudices. No, 1 scorn them—l don’t mean clothes.' but prejudices. The man that is preju-1 diced, is blind to beauty and deaf to truth, j 1 am guided only and always by pure rea- ] son. There is not, 1 will ventuie to say, I one i-ersoii in a thousand, who is in all. his actions aud sentiments guided by pure! reason. People are slaves to prejudices, [confined and limited in their vievy. In -1 deed, bow can people take liberal views. . who do not take comprehensive views of j things ? Men of business are confined to j their shops or counting-houses, men in the law are like horses in the mill, moving in a dull round of precedents, medical men see none but the sick and the sad, the hv- I pochondriac and the diseased, and what ] should they know of the world ? As for ! parsons-al 1 the wrrlJ kuj.vs they must be j 'oolsaud idiots by virtue of their olfice ; j tliay absolutely know nothing, ten times less than nr“hmu: tlicv walk through the streets blindfold, they go to Cambridge and Oxford expressly for the purpose of learning ignorance; all that they know is, which side their bread is buttered and all that they desire is to have it buttered on both sides. As lor statesmen, mims : vers, members of parliament, commons, innd lords, they all have their prejudices, j they are confined to narrow views of j 'hings—they do not know the world, they ; do not see it, they have no time to look .11 j ft, they have no time to attend to it. They must take things merely by report and at ; second hand. There is, in a word, no I man who can thoroughly understand hu ! man life and human nature so well as a ! man of liberal notions, altogether without 1 prejudices, who has nothing else to do than to walk about the streets from morn ing to night. POL I TIC AL. VVashinoton, Sept. d3. It has been generally known lor some months past that the propriety of with drawing the public deposites from the Bank of til United States was under cqn j sideration and engaged much cl the atten i non ol the President and of the different members of his Cabinet all of whom had ; been called upon by the President to as sist him in his deliberations on this subject. After a very lull and careful examination, the President came *0 the conclusion that the public deposites ought to be changed to tl»e .State Banks, and his opinion was communicated in writing to his Cabinet 1 on V' ednesday last, at a meeting held j specially for that purpose, and the facts] and reasons on which it was founded. As public attention has been drawn to this subject, it is deemed proper, in order to prevent misunderstanding or misrepresen tation, to lay before the people the com munication made by the President as a hove mentioned, and a copy has been fur nished to us for that purpose, which wc now proceed to publish. Head to lfie Cabinet on the I S/A Sept. 1833. Having carefully aud anx.uuslv consid ered all the facts and arguments, which have been submitted to him, relative to a removal of the public deposites from the ■ ank o! the United States, the President deems it his dutv, to communicate in this manner to his Cab net the final conclusions ; of hjs own mind, and the reasons on which ; they arc founded, in order to put them in a durable form,and to prevent miscon ceptions. J he President’s convictions of the dan gerous tendencies of the Bank of the Uni ted States, since signally Tit«u*<-nmd bv its' own acts, Here so overpowering when he( entered upon the duties of Chief Aiagis-j irate, tiiai he felt.it his duty, not withstand-1 nig the objections of the friends by whom j he was surrounded, to avail hitnscli of the ] first occasion, to call the attention oi Con-] gross and the people, to the question ot its , re-cnartcr. '1 he opinions expressed in j his Annual Message of December, 18-‘J, j were reiterated in those of December, j 1 bolt and 1831, and in that of ifvSa, he threw out for consideration, some sugges tions in relation to a substitute. Vt the session of an act was passed by a j majority of both Houses of Congress re- j chartering the p.esent Bank, upon which ; the 1 resident lelt it his duty to put his ) constitutional veto. In his Message, re-j tum.bg that act, he repeated and enlarged j upon the principles and views briefly as serted in his Annual Messages, declaring the Bank to be, in his opmion, both inex jiediciit and unconstitutional,and announc ing lo his countrymen, very unequivocal ly, his firm determination never to sanc tion, by his approval, the continuance o: ol that institution or the establishment oi any other upon similar principles. There arc strong reasons for believing that the motive ol the Bank in asking for a /e-charter at tnat session of Congress, was to make it a leading question 111 thi election ol a President of the United States the ensuing November, mid all steps deemed necessary, were taken to procuie from the people, a reversal of the Presi dent’s decision. Although the charter was approaching its termination, and the Bank was aware that it was the intention ol the Govern- i meat to use the public deposits as fast us it accrued, in the payment of the public debt, vet did it extend its loans from Jan. ] 1831, to May Ifc.’fV, from 9 1Y,40c,301 yq ; to Id, being an increase ol ] •’S’Sf.Oi&.'VOG 48, in six mouths. It is con fidently believed, that ths leading object ] ol this immense extension of its loans, was' to bring as large a portion of the people as possible under its power and iuifucr.cc ; and it has been disclosed, that some ol the largest sums were granted on very unu sual terms to conductors of the public press. In some of these cases, the motive was made manifest by the nominal or insufficient secui ity taken lor the loans, by ftic large amounts discounted, by the extraordinary time allowed for payment, ami especially by the subsequent conduct of those receiving the acccmmodaticnr ( Having taken these preliminary steps ; to obtain control over, the public opinion, | the Bank came into Congress and asked a i new charter. The object avowed by fna | ny of the advocates of the Bank, was to ] J»it the President to the test, that the c un / try might know his final determination : relative to the Bunk prior to the ensuing j election. Many documents and articles j were printed and circulated at the cxj.cn.se j of the Bank, to bring the people to a fa ; vorable decision upon its pretensions : Those whom the Bunk appears to have ] made its debtors for the special occasion were warned of the ruin which awaited them, should the President be sustained, and attempts were made to alarm tin whole people by painting the depression in the price of property and ■ - the general loss, inccnv> .. • tress, w i eh it was ■ p < mediately ioilo.v me re-ecY President in opposition :othe Bn a . Can it now be said that the ques ■; ■? a re-charter of the Bank was not dt ci cc at the election whicli ensued ? Had the veto been equivocal, or had it not covered the whole ground—if it had merely lake: exceptions to the details of tin: Bill, or to the time of its passage—if it had not met the whole ground of constitutionality and expediency, then there might have been some plausibility for the allegation thai the question was not decided by the peo pie. It was to compel the President to take his stand that the question was brought forward at that particular time.— lie met the challenge, willingly took the, position into which his adversaries sought to force him. and frankly declareo his un , alterable opposition to the Bank as being both unconstitutional and inexpedient. On that ground the case was argued to the people, and now that the people have Sus tained the President, notwithstanding the array of influence and power w hich was brought to bear upon him, it is too late, he confidently thinks, to say that the question ! lias not been decided. YY hatever may be I the opinions of others, the President con i' siders his re-election as a decision of the people against the Bank. In the con cluding paragraph of his Veto Message he said— “ I have now done my duty to my country. If sustained by my fellow-citi zens, I shall be grateful and happy ; if not, 1 shall find in the motives which iriqiel ] me, ample grounds for contentment and peace.” He was sustained by a just joeojale, and he desires lo evince his gratitude by carry ing into effect their decision, so far a* it depends upon Imp. Us all the substitutes for the present Bank which have been suggested, none seems to have united any considerahl por tion of the pa.die in its favor. .Most oi j them arc liable to the same constitutional, objections for which the present Bank has ] been condemned, and perhaps to all there , are strong objections on the scored ex-; pedicncy. In ridding the country of an irresponsible power which has attempted I to control the Government, care must be i taken not to unite the same power with the ; ijucuilvc tJianch. To give a President (he control over tiie currency and the! power over rrjiTiV id utils now possessed bv the Bank of the United .Males, even with the material difference that fie is responsi ble to the jieople, \\ uuld be as objecviowa bie and as dangerous as to leave it as it is. Neither the one nor the other is accessa ry, and therefore ought lu he resorted to. On the whole, the President considers it as conclusively settled that the charter ot the Bank of ihe United Mates will not be renewed, and he has no reasonable ground to believe that any substitute will be established. Being bound 10 regulate his course by the laws as they exist, and not lo anticipate ihe inter erenco of the legis lative |tower, lor the purpose of framing new systems, it is proper ior him seasona bly to consider the means by which the services rendered by tbc Bank of the Uni ted .States arc to be per.orm and after it* character shall expire. The existing laws declare, dial “die de posites of the money of the l nitid States, in places in which the Said BufHt an., branches liiereo:, may lie csial.hs ►*.!, siiaii Ih: made m said Bank or biancfi. s ‘.v.eu . unless die Secret..ry 01 tub , reasur\ s ; at any time otherwise order an < > • , t.. which case the ccrclnry > snail inmn aiatei; fi .n session, and ii no.. • commencement <>; u '■ reason ol such order .’> and te: The powei o Treasury over the ■-• i 'o:,; - < is u*, t ..hji cil. The provision that he shall k . t •casons to U'ongrcss, is no limitation* flan j it not been inserted, he would have been; responsible to Confess, tiiat lie made a ] removal for any other than good reasons,; and his responsibility now ceases, upom the rendition of sufficient ones to Congress. I he only object of the provision, is to make his reasons accessible to Congress, and enable that body the more readily to i judge of their soundness and purity, and thereupon to make such further provision; by law’as the legislative power may think] proper in relation to the deposite of the public money.—’l hose reasons may be very diversified. It was asserted by the Secretary of the Treasury w ithout con tradiction, early as 1617, that he had jynv er “to control the proceedings” of the Bank of the United at any moment, “by : changing the deposites to the Stale Banks,” should it pursue an illiberal oOutsc towards; those institution!; that “ tho (Secretary so VOLUME I YDsßr.lt 39. the Treasury will always be disposed to support the credit of the State Banks, and will invariably direct transfers from the I deposites of the public money in aid of ' their legitimate exertions to maintain their icredit ;”and he asserted aright to employ the State B nks when the Bank of the United States should refuse to receive on deposite the notes of such Stale Banks as the public interest required, should be re ceived in payment ol the pi.L 1 s'. In ; several instances he did trans ..blic deposites to S'fate Banks, in the umi.Giiate vicinity of brunche.%for reasons com >.* t and 'only with tiie safety of those I ■■ . t public convenience ant! theinU it-i « .. :bt I Treasury. Jr i. .vasli.vul tor Air. rthe ... • t* •. ri . ;■•, at thaf tin's. : .i a ntiUerc! sar . tea of 1 tiie Bank, was i, v :ed as one of the {ordinary amt lam-- ar-duties of the Sccre ; tarv of the Treasury, should now be grave |lv questioned, and attempts made to ex cite and alarm the public minds as if some ! new and unheard ot power was about to nc usui oed by tha Executive branch of the | Government. It is out a little more than two and a | half years to the termination of the charter |of the present Bank. It is considered as j the decision of the country that it shall 1 then cease to exist, and no man, the Presi | dent believes, has reasonable ground for | exp ctation that any other Dank of the Uni ! ted .States will be created by Congress.— ! To the Treasury Department is entrusted j the safe keeping and faithful application of the public moneys A plan of collection J different from the present, must therefor* { be introduced and put in complete opera | lion before the dissolution of the present Bank. When shall it be commenced?— Shall no step be taken iri this essential con j corn u.itil the charter expires, and the Treasury finds itself without an agent, its accounts in confusion, with no depository for its funds, and the whole business of the Government deranged ? or shall it be de layed until six months, or a year, or two : years before the expiration sf the charter? It is obvious that any new system which ; may be substituted in the place of the Bank of tiie United .'tates, could not he sudden ly carried into effect on the termination of | us existence without serious iuconveiiießca ito the Government and the |>eop!e. Its va»t amount of notes are then to be re | deemed and withdrawn from circulation, | and its immen e delit collected. These i operations must be gradual, otherwise | much suffering ind distress will be brought j upon the community. It ought to be not a work of months only, but of years, and the President thinks it cannot, with due at- I tention to the interests of the people, be longer postponed. It is safer to begin it too soon than to delay it.too long. I It is for the wisdom of Congress to de j orde upon the best substitute to be adopted jin the place ol' the Bank of the United 1 States ; and the President would have felt hirmclf relieved from a heavy and painful responsibility if in the charter to the Bank,' Congress had reserved to itself the power of directing, at its pleasure, the public money to. be elsewhere deposited; and had not devolved that power exclusively on one of the Executive Depertmeiits. It is useless now to inquire why this high and important power was surrendered by those who are peculiarly and appropriately the guardians of the public money.- Perhaps it was an oversight. But as the President presumes that tiie charter to the Bank is to Ue considered as a contract on the part of the Government, it is not now in the pow er ofCongiess to disregard its stipulations; and by the term of that contract the pub lic money is to be deposited in the Bank during the continuance of its charter, un less the Secretary of the Traasury shall remove it at an earlier day. The respon si ility is thus thrown upon the -alive branch of the Governmeu;,of ■ how long oiv the expiratioli oi u:e c.... tor, tiie pnbl.c iutciest Will require the do ni si ;es to be lawn elsewhere. Andnlth h ac o. in,- to t, <• fame and pi. ■; af ■ . i C.:,; . . ifns \yo.. . .r.ot'B proper eg to he cgi.* .v.-w .... -t . tti r. :».e est o' .i:nei, and the- best l*. V.. fH'ce hie Ut cuti' e t. ranch of the Gbvemn eiit to shrink from any duty, wh'ch the law imp.iscsoii it, to lix upon others the responsibility which justly* bc- I.•ngs tojiscif. And while the i resident anxiously wisher to abstain from the ex ercise oi doubtful powers, and to avoid all intcrli ri nee with the rights and duties of others, lie must y et, with unshaken cosf stancy, discharge his own obligations. and cannot allow himself to to n aside, in order to avoid any responsibility w hich the high trust with which he has been honored, requites him to encounter,' and it being the duty of one of the Exec utive Departments to decide in the first instance, snbj ct t * the future action of the legislative |o.\er, whether th«- public de posits shall remai.. >n the 1 ark of the U nited States until the end us its exist-jicc, or be withdrawn some time belore, the President lias felt himself bound to exam ine the question raie.uliv and deliberately in order to make up his judgment on the subject: and in his opinion the near ap-