Georgia Historic Newspapers

    observes, in a letter to new married lady,
all the knowledge that a woman can at
tain, is little more than that of a school
boy. In truth, the powers of our minds
are as inferior to those ot the men, as the
strength of our bodies is to theirs. Yet
no reason occurs to me why we should
not cultivate our understandings, and ac
quire such a proportion of taste and learn
ing as suitsour capacities, and is consis
tent with our respective situations in life.
41 OTVJBAOSP S . rtESSMGJE-
From the Federal Union — Extra..
At 12 o’clock to-day, his Excellency,Gov
ernor Lumpkin, transmitted to both
branches of the General Assembly, the
following
nrssAGE.
Executive Department, Georgia, )
Milledfexilic, JWrvembcr 5, 1833. )
Fellow-Citizens (if the Senate,
and Il’itise of Representatives —
At no period of our political existence,
have the Representatives of the people of
Georgia assembled under circumstances
more signally calculated to impress the
mindjwith a deep sense of gratitude to
Almighty God. It- Vvould, indeed, savour
of tniiJeilty not to feel duly impressed
with a sense of our renewed obligations
to the great. Author mid Disposer of the
destinies of men and of nations, for the
many inestimable blessings vouchsafed to
us, his offending creatures.
While tlie chastening scourge of Heav
en has been visited upon the jieople of
both hemispheres, carrying in the train of
pestilence, horror, despair and death, the
people of our State have not only been
shielded from the wide-spreading desola--
tion, but have enjoyed an unusual degree
of health and prosperity. l’ropsitious
seasons, a productive scii, and genial cli
mate, have crowned the labours of our
industrious agricultural population with a
bountiful reward for all their toils. Our
burns and store-houses are filled with
plenty, and the surplus products of our
labor command a [trice which amply re
munerates the laborer for all his care and
industry. Indeed, the various avocations,
which diversify the labour of our citizens,
find an ample and speedy reward, pro
portioned to the skill and industry employ
ed. Most of our people cultivate their
own free-hold estates, and are literally
sitting under their own vines and trees,
and none to make them afraid. Our pri
sons have no insolvent debtors—we have
scarcely a pauper in the land, except the
few who have become such from hab
its of intemperance. Asa State, wc en
joy the overflowing; bounties of a bcnifi
cent Providence. On terms of amity
with all Governments, wcarc blessed with
the quiet and peaceable possession of our
Jong-con tested territorial lights—rapidly
increasing in population and wealth, ac
cumulating from the continual devclope
r.ient of th'c natural resourccs.of our State.
Our inexhaustible mines and minerals
have opened a wkie field for the employ
ment of the most extensive science, skill
and industry,.which is drawing to our
State with irresistible impulse, capital,
skill, and enterprise from various parts of
Ihe world. Comparatively free from in
dividual distress, as well as exempt from
public debt, our people arc possessed of
abundant means of promoting their indi
vidual happiness, as well as their political
prosperity.
In the midst of nil these multiplied bles
sings, it is truly mortifying to witness the
restless spirit w* agitation nml poßtictxl ex
citement, which has been engendered and
vigorously kept up amongst the people,
calculated, if not intended, to alienate their
affections from their own beloved political
.institutions. That the value of our Fede
ral Union should have become a familiar
subject of calculation, is truly alarming,
and argues little for the patriotism of
those, who encourage discussion upon
such a subject. Who could have believ
ed, ten years ago, that at this early day,
we should have witnessed speculative dis
cussion upon such a theme—or that it
•could have become the leading topic of a
xertain class of politicians? The Union
of the States, one and indivisible, is now no
longer the motto of every American citi
zen ! These “ signs of the times,” speak
volumes of admonition, to every lover of
constitutional liberty, and should fire the
bosom, and nerve the arm of patriotism in
the cause of Union. Notwithstanding
these threatening evils, it is gratifying to
see, thatour admirable system office go
vernment, based upon the will and the af
fections of the people, continues to unfold
the appropriate ability contained in its
structure, to withstand the assaults of fo
reign and domestic six’s. The enemies of
oat Cmtnmont, -relieilier upcil Or illSidl
ous—under whatever specious form or
pretext—appeSt to be doomed to discom
fiture, whenever they attempt to alienate
the affections of the people from that Go
vernment, which is emphatically, the off
spring and nursling of their own effort
and care. The people may aller and
change as to them may seem fit; but that
they would destroy tliat mighty govern
mental fabric, reared by the toils and ce
mented by the blood of their fathers—
merely for the aggrandizement of selfish
demagogues and strife-stirring politicians,
is not to be expected. The spirit that gui
ded our Washington has hitherto perva
ded and saved our country’. The cham
pions of civil and religions liberty, of pop
ular rights and constitutional government
have thus far succeeded and triumph
ed over all opposition. Therefore, we
should not be dismayed at the symptoms of
yielding integrity and treasonable ambition,
which have been engaged in estimating the
valuii’ and threatening the dissolution of our
Federal Union. lam willing to charge the
errors of all such, rather to selfish delusion,
than traitorous design; mid will therefore
hopn, that the clouds, wlibdi at present «• I
tersliulotv our (tohtical horizon, may quietly
I'*** Sivai, li* f«vrif they gather into a ruinous
lorojiast. Uut it hi* been truly said, “that j
GEORGIA TIMES AND STATE RIGHTS’ ADVOCATE,
I the condition on which God granted liberty
to muu, is perpetual vigilance- ’ We, there
fore, fellow-citizens, as the sentinels of the
people, should exereise the most unceasing
vigilance, and suffer not ourselves to lie led
astray “by every wind of doctrine.” Let us
| follow in the footsteps and adhere to the doc
trines of Washington, Jefferson and Madison,
land so far as the influ nee and example of
Georgia wifi extend, our Republic will be
safe.
The drawing of the Lotteries, which were
in progress at the last session ol the Legisla
ture, was completed about the first of May
last ; and the act of the Legislature, provi
ding for tlie organization often new counties
out of the Territory thus disposed of, has
been carried into effect—and we have now, a
settled freehold population on every part of
our Territory competent to the administration
of onr laws, so far as to secure most of the
blessings of our system to those, whose enter
prise fins led them to become settlers in that
interesting section of our State, hitherto the
abode of a people wholly unqualified to enjoy
the blessings of wise-rclfgovernment. The
accomplishment of this great and desirable
object to our State, lias been attended, at eve
ry step, with the most unrelenting ar.d obsti
nate opposition- The unfortunate remnant
of the Cherolcees lias, years past, been made
the dupes and instruments of selfish and am
bitious politicians, whose rest I res spirits
have urged them toactsof mischief,degrading
to humanity itself.. In the early part of the
present year, another earnest and liberal ef
fort was made bv the President of the Uni
ted States to eflect a treaty with tlie Cher?-
kess, having for itsebjeet their entire remo
val beyond thcMississippi—which object,it is
believed, was defeated alone, by a few of the
interested half-breeds, who are evidently un
der the influence of political men, who stand
opposed to the true interest of the Indians,
as well as that of the State. The failure to
effect a treaty has not, however, prevented a
continuance of our efforts to effect tlie object'
of removing the Indians, at as early a day as
piacticable. Another opportunity of enrol
ment for emigration, has been extended to
such as may be disposed to remove ; and 1
am gratified to learn, that many of tlie intel
ligent and influential among them, have a
vailed themselves of the liberal terms pro
posed. Therefore, the day cannot be distant,
when the State will be entirely relieved from
the perplexities occasioned by this portion of
its population. It will, however, become
the duty of the Legislature, at i!s present
session, to revise and amend our laws provi
ding for the government and protection of
tlie Indians. Expedience lias already ex
posed many defects and ambiguities in tlie
existing laws oil this subject, which should
be speedily remedied. In our anxiety to
provide for the welfare and protect the rglits
of this unfortunate race, we have, in some in
stances, given advantages to the native pop
ulation over our white citizens ; which ad
vantages, when exercised under the influ
ence of selfish counsels, become oppressive to
our white population, who are certainly not
less entitled to the protection of our laws,
than the native race—however just may be
their claims on the sympathies of an enlight
ened government.
Under our existing laws, the reservations
of land scented to the natives during their
pleasure, arc, in many instances, unreasona
bly large, and ought to be curtailed by judi
cious legislation. I would also call the at
tention of the Legislature to another descrip
tion of native claims, which involves consid
erations of the greatest importance to the in
terest and honor of the State. A classof in
dividuals, chiefly of the white and mixed
blood, and who claim the right of natives
within the limits of Georgia, are persons,who,
under the treaties of 1817 and 1819, took
valuable fee-simple reservations of the best
lands tlictl Ceded, under an cxpiesecit, WTTt
'.cn determination to become citizens of the
United States—and consequently, abandon*
i-'.j all the cl-ltnof ri 6 !.is or priv:!:.ges, &« a
part or portion of the Cherokee nation,
Nevertheless, these persons have since sold
and disposed of their reserved lands, thus ta
ken for large considerations of money for
their individual benefit; and have gone in.
to the country still occupied by the remnant
of the Cherokees, and have again made se.
lections and settlements on the most valua
ble lands, of that portion of their people; who
have not participated in an equal degree with
themselves, in the benefits of the treaties
referred to. Moreover, these very individuals,
by their superior intelligence, and advanta
ges of education, have had the address to
regain an influence over the Cherokees—
whom they had once abandoned to their fate
—so far as to rule, govern and influence
them in all matters relating to their most im
portant interest ; and have been, for vears
past, and continue to be, the prime and effi
cient cause of preventing the Cherokees front
yielding to the liberal and hcnificent plans of
the Federal Government, for removing them
to the west of the Mississippi. The insolence,
and mischievous influence ofthese individu
als should no longer receive the indulgence
or countenance of extraordinary privileges
from the Federal or State Government; but
should be treated by both governments as in
*ru the most sejumitig character, 'i’tie
lands, now in the occupancy of these persons
gnder our existing laws, ought to he granted
to the drawers ; who arc tlie rightful owners,
and who have been restrained from the occu
pancy by the laws of the State now in force.
These persons have already done their own
people, the State of Georgia, and our com
mon country, great and serious injury. They
have been the dupes and instruments at home
and abroad, of despeiate, political agitators,
whose factious spirits are unbridled "by the
restraints of virtuous patriotism.
A judicious and well regulated svsiotn of
public economy requires, that the people and
their representatives, should he perfectly fa
miliar with the financial condition and re
sources of the State. No branch of jiolitical
economy requires greater skill, wisdom and
prudent forecast, in a government like our’s,
than that of devising the ways and means to
meet the expenditures, which popular opinion
seems to demand. At this time, the general
voice of every political community, is raised
in favour of general education, as well as a
liberal cultivation of the arts and sciences.
Nor is the demand less urgent for the most
splendid works for internal improvement.—
All this, I deem to he proper enough—no one
desires tlio advancement of the country in
tin sc important objects, more than i do—hut
true dignity consists in living within our
|circumstances, and let <»* therefore scrutinize
me ins, jhe people of Ooj'pa have
long enjoyed the overflowing bounties ot ihcir
rich and extensive territorial inheritance, but
these advantages, as a source of public re
venue, no longer exist. The present finan
cial resources of the State, consist of a capital
of about two and a half millions ol dollars—
upwards of one million of which, is conqiosed
of the stock owned by the State, in four of
our incorporated banks; about one million
of the notes of citizens discounted hv tlie
Central Bank, and the balance, of various
items, including specie, bonds, notes, canal
stock and other evidences ol debts due the
State. In addition to the foregoing, the
State still has a scattered remnant t fractional
lands, which, by prompt and appropriate le
gislation, might be made available for public
purposes. The aggregate, anneal profits ac
cruing to the State at this time, upon her va
nous investments, amount to the sum of about
one hundred and twenty thousatd dollars. —
Tins brief view of the present condition of
the resources es the State will,at one glance,
urge upon tlie consideration o I the Legisla
ture, the necessity of adopting such systema
tic, financial operations, as will direct the
present course, and must determine the fu
ture prospects of the States.
After much reflection, l would respectful
ly recommend to the General Assembly such
legislation as may tend finally, to bring all
the public assets of the State under the im
mediate control and management of its own
agent, the Central Bank ; and further to in
vest that institution with the necessary (low
ers to enab’e it to act efficiently in the col
lection of the debts due the State. The pre
sent vested capital of the State should be
considered a permanent fund; the annual
profits of which, should he scrupulously ap
plied to great public objects of acknowledged
utility—and, while the whole people arc en
joying the benefits, which are constantly flow
ing fiotn this, their permanently vested capi
tal, I would recommend that no more taxes
he exacted of them, than what may be suffi
cient to defray the ordinary expenses of an
economical civil .government; which will
scarcely be felt by tlie people, and, at the
same time, serve to remind each individual,
annually, that he is a citizen and component
part of the government.
Under the provisions of the act of the Le
gislature, passed on the 24th day of Decem
ber last, a Receiver of the assets of the Bank
of Macon was appointed by the Executive,
but the-report of that Agent will show, that
be has been wholly unable to effect the ob
jects contemplated by the Legislature. The
Report, together with copies of the corres
pondence on the subject, is herewith submit
ted ; and may aid the General Assembly in
determining upon the expediency of further
legislation on this subject—at least it w ill be
come necessary to provide for the payment
forscrvices already rendered under the'direc
tion of the State, with a view to effect a fair
and legal settlement of the affairs of said
Bank.
TThe dishonest and fraudulent manage
ment of Banks, so frequently developed,
admonishes thp Legislature, most urgent
ly, to interpose its entire constitutional au
thority to shield the people from the deso
lating effects of legalized swindling.—
During the last year, the public confidence
was greatly shaken in the soundness of
tlie paper currency of our State, by the
failure of the Bank of Macon; and before
the people had recovered from tlie shock
and the losses suffered by it, their fears
and forebodings were greatly increased
and confirmed, by the failure of the Mer
chant’s and Planter’s Bank of Augusta.—
The developcmcnts already made, in re
gard to the Bank of Macon, evince the im
portant fact, that, if Banks are not man
aged with fidelity ami skill, the ruinous
effects, which .rauv, will fall, chiefly
upon tne honest and unsuspecting, labour
ing class of society, who are unable to
contend against a combination of legal
ynLtiltios, which will always be united to
divide tne a disastcrous Bank
corporation, on the part of a Bant; u...” cr >
should be deemed a hignly penal crime,
and punished accordingly.
My general views in relation to these
institutions, and their connection with the
public interest, remain unchanged; and
having been freely -communicated to the
last General Assembly, I deem it unneces
sary to reiterate tlie sentiments therein
contained. Copies of all the Bank reports
made during the prosent year, under the
provisions of our existing laws, are here
with submitted to the Legislature; which
will enable the Representatives of the peo
ple to judge of the present state and con
dition of these institutions, and will show
to what extent they have complied with
the requirements of the law.
Iho history of our own times, urges
upon the consideration of every informed
and inflecting citizen, the indispensable
necessity of increased,exertions to edu
cate the rising generation. We need
some system, which will produce a gener
al eflect, and operate beneficially upon the
whole community. Our republican insti
tutions can never be considered safe and
stable, while a small number of individu
als, however talented, can lead and mis
guide whole communities, tothe very brink
of ruin ! ! When the number of educated
men in a political community, is so few,
as to be chiefly confined to one or two pro
fessions— who may therefore the more
readily unite their efforts to controul and
direct society, with a view to their own
selfish aggrandizement—the liberties of,
the people must be endangered. The
conservative influence of education is
greatly needed in our State. That gener
al system, which may be best calculated to
impart to our whole people, the blessings
ol a competent, business education, can
not fail to promote individual happiness, as
well as greatly to strengthen the bonds of
our republican institutions, it is not ne
cessary that our sons should all be College
bred gentlemen—l care not for numesl
it our children can receive adequate in
struction in the solid and useful branches
of science, it is immaterial with me, wheth
er they acquire it in Universities, Colleges
Academies, Lyceums, Shop, °or
Manual Labor Schools of uny description
whatever. Thu great object to be effect*
i l!l ' F‘VO she plain Working man an
education, which shall make him iutelli.
cent, virtuous and useful—and which shall
place him upon the ground of hopeful
competition, with the professional classes,
who are assuming the lead in the entire
government of the country.
° 1 rejoice at the gradual growth and in
creasing prosperity of Franklin College.
This State institution merits the continued
patronage of our whole people—at this
time, 1 consider it entitled to
deticc of the people, and that it should re
ceive the liberal supjiort of their Repre
sentatives. Tlie literary and moral worth
of the President and Faculty, together
with the increased facilities of books and
apparatus, affords fhc most flattering as
surances of its future and permanent use
fulness ; and I trust that our State may
yet be remunerated for all she has ex
pended, or may expend, in support ot that
institution. But in relation to our other
expenditures, for purposes of public edu
cation, I do not feel authorised to speak
thus flatteringly; for, the annual expendi
ture of upwards of forty thousand dollars
for the support of Academics and Poor
Schools, though well-intended, is, in reali
ty, effecting but little good. It is obvious
to me, that we have experimented long
enough upon our present system of Aca
demic and Poor School education; and
that we*should no longer be content with
acklowledging existing imperfections, but
that should, at once attempt an entire re
novation of the system. In making this
change, this important fact shonld be con
stantly kept in view—that to make educa
tion truly valuable, while the mind is culti
vated and disciplined, the pupil should be
carefully trained to habits of industry and
morality. To make the rising genera
tion better, wiser and happier—and at the
same time, eradicate or diminish poverty,
oppression and crime—should be the lead
ing objects in establishing a general and
well based system of public education.—
With a view to promote these great ob
jects, 1 respectfully submit to the Legis
lature, my deliberately' formed opinion,
that, in order to ensure success, it is in
dispensably necessary to connect with the
education of our children, regular and
systematic manual labour. I believe that
children in a well regulated institution, de
signed for usujl education, should be
taught various arts of lucrative labour ;
so that indue time they may be able to
earn a comfortable living by the labour of
their own hands. From my own observa
tion the subject of education, and from all
the infgrmation I have been able to pro
cure from others, I consider that system of
educatiou best, which keeps youth most
constantly employed, body and mind ; and
which exercises the most unceasing vigi
lance & controul,day & night—which ex
cludes all vitiating associations and prac
tices, and which superintends even, the
amusements and social intercourse of the
pupil. Another idea, not less important,
urges upon our consideration the expedi
ency of connecting manual labour with a
system of public education. The most
vigorous constitution, without exercise, is
soon wasted by disease and decay ; anb a
full developement of the powers of the
mind, in such cases, is rarely attained by
the most diligent application. If “ bodily
exercise” be thus profitable in the devc
lopement of the physical and mental pow
ecs.-oi I consider employment in
the mechanical arts, and especially agri
culture, as being far preferable to those
plays and pastimes, which, at present, oc
cupy so much of their time, and in which
they engage without any sensible or ra
tional object of utility whatever. A self
supporting system of education is also the
more desirable, from the important consid
eration, that is calculated to level those
ijstinctions in society, which arise from
the inability Pi the poor to educate their
children in our existing institutions. In
recommending a change of our sysiem of
poor school education, I would, by no
means, be understood as rcco:.lff!*;! 1f l‘ n 5
a reduction of the funds appropriated 10
that object ; but as proposing such an im
provement of the system, as will more
profitably employ that fund, for the benefit
of the poor, and as will have a tendency
to bring them nearer to the level of the
wealthy.
Exery year’s experience affords additional
evidence of the correctness of the views here
tofore communicated to the Le-islature bv
myself, and predecessors, in regard to the de
fective condition of our militia system. The
Executive has not the power to correct those
imperfections which have been so often
■pointed out, without the co-operation of the
Legislature. Iho Reports ol the Keepers of
the public Arsenals, at this place and Savan
nah, are herewith transmitted. From an ex
periment made upon a few hundreds of Mus
kets, which had been returned to the Arsenal
in this place, out of repair and greatly injured
by rl,s L I find, that the guns belonging to tlie
Slate in like condition, may be put in good
order, at ail expense of one dollar each
Would it not therefore he economy for the
Legislature to provide for the collecting and j
cleaning the scattered aims bclongimr to the
State? °
Under the authority of a joint resolution of
the General Assembly, approved on the 22<J
of December last, William Schley, John
Cutlibert am! Joseph Henry Lumpkin Esqrs.
were appointed by the Executive, “ 'i’o pre
pare a plan for the Penitentiary buildings
digest a system ol laws for its government and
organization and to revise and amend the
penal laws of this State, so far as relates to
the punishments, which that code prescribe*
* report the whole to the nextGeix’l Assem’
bly. lam apprised, that the report of these
gentlemen, is in a state of preparation, and
will, in due time, be laid before the L.-gisla
tore. Not having been directed to be sub.
nutted to the Executive, but passing directly
to tho Legislature, 1 deem it inexpedient t<»
venture a remark on the several important sub
jects, embraced in the Report. The character
nl these gentlemen, as jurists justifies
expectation, that the views to he submitted
by them, will he useful to the legislature ~
to the country ; am! „ prcpariuion of
heir report has required mueft time an Ii ,
hour, it is thcrefore to ,«• expected that |„ J
will In;suitably compensated.
Phe annual report of the Inspectors ot the
Penitentiary, required to be made to the Ex
ecutive in conformity with' the provisions ol
the act of the last General Assembly, Is here
with submitted. Since the report has been
received at this Department, there has not
been sufficient time, from other indispensible
duties, to investigate its details with that
scrutiny, which has heretofore been customa
ry, and which always desiiablc. It is
believed, however, that the operations ot the
past year have, under all the circumstances,
been successfully conducted for the iuteicst
of the institution and of the t-tutc. In our
efforts to sustain the institution, we should
profit by past experience, and introduce, im
provements as fast as circumstances and a
due regard to economy will admit. W itb one
additional remark, I will dismiss the subject
of tlie Penitentiary, and that is—that our lead
ing policy should be to make the institution
maintain itself. The honest part of society
feel a repugnance to the idea of labouring to
support the cunvicts in the Penitentiary.—
Therefore their comforts should be procured
from their own labour, which under skilful
management anil good discipline, is the best
means at our disposal for effecting the great
objects of penal punishment, by preventing
crime ami producing reformation.
The reports of the superintendants cf the
public hands, will present to the Legislature
the operations, progress and success of that
branch of the public service during the past
political year—and which, under all circum
stances, authorize the belief, that tbe agents
entrusted with the improvement of our public
roads, are entitled to the public confidence
and approbation. My general views, hereto
fore submitted to the Legislature on this sub
ject, have undergone no change.—But it de
volves on the Representatives of the people
and not the Executive, to determine whether
the present system shall be abandoned, or be
sustained by such legislation as has heretofore
been suggested.
No one can feel more gratified than inyscUj
at the manifestation of the rising spirit of
enterprise, which has characterised the pro
ceedings of our fellow-citizens, in various
parts of lb* State, in regard to works of intcr
tial improvement. This spirit should not he
checked, hut encouraged by the Legislature.
Every citizen and section of the State should
have the lawful privilege of investing their
capital according to their own views of profit
guarding.®! the same time, the interest of
the residue of the community from injury be
ing sustained, by any exclusive privileges
which may be granted. Our past expenrnce,
however, should admonish us to be cautious
how we entangle tbe Slate, by becoming
partners with individuals, or corporate bodies
of men. Such associations betweeu Govern
ment and its citizens, arc considered danger
ous to equality and liberty. The favoured
capitalist, who becomes a partner with the
government, rarely fail to assume some un
usual consequence on account of the associa
tion ; and generally, the result is, that ’the
government is left to hear the burthens of the
concern, while the individual partners reap
the whole profits—or abandon tiic project be
fore any riling is advanced except by the
government.
If the State should,at this time, determine
to enter upon any great work of internal im
provement, it should be a central Rail Road
through the entire State ; begining at the
best emporium on our coast, and proceeding
from thence, in a direction best calculated to
benefit the largest portion of our population,
to the base of the mountains. A well con
structed Rail Road, through the centra of
the'Slatc, being once completed, it would
L*. Mtcvoootcil Ly various r<>a<l»
from all parts of the State at the points
most needed. The great highway of
commercial intercourse being thus perma
nently established, nothing could then hin
der the progress of internal improvement in
Georgia, to the full extent which utility
might dictate. To effect any thing perma
nently useful, it is necessary to concentrate
the publip mind to one great central object,
which shall be considered and patronized as a
State work, designed for tbe benefit of the
whole people. The credit and resources of
our State, should not be expended upon lo
cal or part ial works of internal improvement.
Our commencement must ncccssatily be ac
curate surveys, upon which true estimates
i may on pfC.-ICHtC'!; anu this can only be ob.
taineil by the services of a skilful ar.d well
qualified Engineer. In connection w ith this
subject, the views of a highly respectable and
numerous portion of our fellow-citizens <?f
Savannah and Macon, herewith submitted,
are entitled to the most deliberate and res
pectful consideration : as also the report of
the commissioners, John G. l’olhili, Hugh
Lawson, and Moses Fort Esquires, who, un
dcra resolution of the Last Legislature, were
appointed and instructed to examine the
port of Brunswick and the Rail Road avenue
to the Alatainaha ; w'hich report with various
other documents, is herewith laid before the
General Assembly.
Savannah, the first settled point and long
established emporium of our State, has for
years past, contended against a rivalry, w hich
has not only paralized her advancement, but
must eventually annihilate her prosperity as
an important commercial citv, unless she is
sustained by liberal legislation. Many con
siderations connected with our history as a
State, forbid the abandonment of onr first and
most important seaport town unless the in
terest of the great body of the State, shall re
quire such a course. The great question
which should now he settled is, w hether the
interest of the people cf Georgia will be most
effectually promoted by a determination to
sustain and build up Savannah? Or whether
we should look to Brunswick, Darien or
some other port, as possessing equal or supe
rior advantages ? The reason why this ques
tion should now ho settled is obvious Jl
we commence a great central channel ol
commerce—wo should commence at the o
cean and proceed to the mountains. The
Slate should have hut one work of this des
cription on hand at a time ; and that should
be i.irected with the single view of bericfitting
tue greatest number of onr citizens. Vari
ous considerations admonish -very true Geor
„i'iii a ay asK.e Ins inca( and sectional pre
judices, and to ejccrcuo a magnanimous spirit
ol patriotic stat-j pride, which will secure to
mil* l i . an'_ fello’v-citizens those commercial
i.t u i .gcg,which the God of Mature designed
,or people, who should inhabit this fa
lored portion of the confederacy, |i would
e mortifying indeed, to nee tho immense
products of our own Stale dittwr, from their
natural channel, of destination (our ournx-
I l :*'**'* ,o Charleston and the
'Ulf of Mexico—merely for list want ofiu-j
dustry and enterprise on the part of
citizens ! Not only the products of our own
State, should be shipped from our own ports
but, by timely and judicious measures of i n !
terna! improvement, a very considerable porl
tion of the Western trade might be drawn to
the ports of Georgia—which is believed to
be the best and most natural channel for
much ol that trada. The immense and su
pi rubounding products of the great and fertile
West, are more than sufficient to glut its on
ly natural outlet, New-Orleans. Therefore,
the surplus products of that fertile region!
must nccessajily seek a market elsewhere!
Hence, we have witnessed the efforts of New
York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and lately
Virginia and Sonth Carolina, to obtain a por
tion of the Western trade by their canals
rail and turnpike roads. .Should not Georgia
strive lor a part of this immensely valuable
trade? The eastern counties of Tennessee
are nearer to tbe coast of Georgia than anv
other Atlantic market; and it is confidently
believed, that if we had a suitable channel of
of commerce, or in other words a good rail
road from a’teaport in Georgia to the moun
tains, it would be extended without delay to
the heart of the great West. The great
mountain barrier w hich separates the Wes
tern, from the Atlantic waters, can, it is br.
lieved, l c more easily overcome, ami at far
less expense in Georgia, than in any one of
the Atlantic States.
Under the authority of a joint resolution of
tho General Assembly, passed at the last ses
sion, William Nichols, jr. Es.quirc, a gentle
man ol Ingn qualifications, w as duly appointed
by the Executive, and has made the necessa
ry surveys, to ascertain the practicability of a
commercial communication between West
Point in Troup county and the town of Go
lumbiis j which report is in a State of pre
paration and will be laid before the Lemsla
lure ut an early day of tire present session.—
The information collected by this examina
tion and survey, w ill enable the Legislature;o
determine what can, and ought io he done, tu
improve thecommctcial facilities of that ’in.
tcresting section of the State.
In pursuance ot the provisions of a resolu
tion approved the 24th December last, the
improvements on the Fractional Survevs of
land in the Cherokee Territory, have bcui
rented for tbe present year, and the notes re
ceived for rent have been deposited in this
Department, subject to the direction of the
Legislature. Ttie rejiorts of the commission
ers who performed this duty are herewith
submitted, and will afford full and detailed
information on tbe subject.
Various resolutions passed by the Legislatures
of a number of the States of tbe Uuiou, on sub
jects of general concern, have been transmitted
to this Department, with a request, that they
should be laid before the General Assembly of
this State—And are, therefore, respectfully sub
mitted for your consideration. Many of these
documents are so voluminous, that u has been
found impracticable to iurnish ccpies for the con
venience of the respective branches of the Leg
islature; and originals of such are, therefore,
transmitted to tbe Representatives.—
No recommendation or comment on the part of
tbe Executive is deemed necessary in regard to
tbe resolutions submitted, except those passed by
lhe Legislature of Alabama on die subject of the
boundary line between that State and our own;
and thoee from the State of Pennsylvania,on the
subject of the “entire abolition of lotteries.”
1 lie importance of ail amicable, speedy and
definite adjustment of the boundary Hue between
Georgia and Alabama, is too obvious to re-quire
argument ; and the plan proposed by the Legis
lature ot Alabama, is entitled to the respectful
consideration of the Representatives ol the peo
ple of Georgia. The resolutions, together with
the correspondence, which has passed between
the Executives of the two Stales, will urge the
expediency of an ear! v attention to ibis subject—
and I would recommend to the Legislature, a
course which may afford full evidence, that Geor
gia is prepared lor the most ample investigation
ot her claims, and that she seeks nothing but
that justice from others, which alone w ill be sat
isfactory to herself.
1 concur with the public authorities of the pat
riotic State ol Pennsylvania, in respectfully re
commending your cordial co-operation with the
Legislature ol tliar State, in effecting the entire
abolition of lotteries.
i'he survey and settlement of tbe entire terri
tory ol the State having been accomplished, 1
would respectfully rucoyrmend to the Legislature,
that immediate provision bemauc for execulimra
splendid Map of Georgia. Inorderto construct
an accurate Map of the State, it will be necessa
ry to cause a resurvey ot the county-lines of that
part of the state, situate eeit the Savannah
and Oconee rivers.
me numerous Acts and Resolutions of tbe last
Legislature*, requiring the action of the Execu
tive, have received prompt and due attention, by
carrying into effect the objects contemplated by
the Legislature, or by placing such objects inn
course ol execution, which, in due time, (as far
as may be practicable) will ensure their coniple
tiou.
A statement of Executive Warrants drawn on
the Treasurer during the political year 18JJ, und
a li»t ot Executive appointments made during tho
rece=s ol the Legislature, are heicvvitlr transmit
ted.
lellow-citizens, under a deep sense of the
magnitude of our responsibilities, suffer me to re
mind you, that, as American citizens, a benefi
cent Providence lias placed us upon a lofty emi
nence. The eyes of ail tbe world are directed to
tbe people of these United States. To us, ns a
people, lias been eutrusted, upon a large scale,
tbe experiment, whether a people can go™™
themselves without Kings, nobility, or standing
armies. To us, belongs the distinction of dem
onstrating, that millions upon millionsof free and
equal citizens may d-.veli together in peace and
prosperity : exercising all tbe prerogatives oj
wise self-government, without tumult, anarchy
or domestic wars. And to ensure and perpeM 01 ®
these inestimable privileges to our posterity."®
should always bear in mind, that our people™®
be virtuous and intelligent. Ignorance and vice
arc opposed to liberty-, Religion, without rcitgt
ous establishments, affords the best guarantee 1
the perpetuation of our republican system. ®
principles inculcated by the saviour of man, j'
his . v ermon on the Mount, will make a-p® o
obedient to laws, emanating from l b eru * e !*j'
and administered by a citizen-magistrate ol
Own choosing-, without 'the aid of n,prC
ury legions, and the pomp and power, win l "
tbe attendants of despotic and arbitrary g° ls
meats. That the C. eating Power es the l .
may clothe us with a spirit of republican
plicity, equality and liberty—and guide t
ward march in that course cf policy, w "! cn ' j
ensure to posterity, the unfading inbertw .
equal rights and free government—is «* e e
prayer of your fellow-citizen. ~011 V
WILSON LUMI’M-V
Theßbow* It A I'—. A gentleman ir£
piling through Mecklenburg, ' vl 'I
to a very singular circurnstanc I
one of liicse animals, itt the post ho , I
New 1 lagan!. Alter dinner, the l“ n I
placed on the Hour a large dish e I
and gave n loud whistle, lininctlial* J I
came into th< room a niaslfi. <j n ' I
cat, an old raven, urnl a Jorge Kat ■
101 l about its neck. They I