Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

observes, in a letter to new married lady, all the knowledge that a woman can at tain, is little more than that of a school boy. In truth, the powers of our minds are as inferior to those ot the men, as the strength of our bodies is to theirs. Yet no reason occurs to me why we should not cultivate our understandings, and ac quire such a proportion of taste and learn ing as suitsour capacities, and is consis tent with our respective situations in life. 41 OTVJBAOSP S . rtESSMGJE- From the Federal Union — Extra.. At 12 o’clock to-day, his Excellency,Gov ernor Lumpkin, transmitted to both branches of the General Assembly, the following nrssAGE. Executive Department, Georgia, ) Milledfexilic, JWrvembcr 5, 1833. ) Fellow-Citizens (if the Senate, and Il’itise of Representatives — At no period of our political existence, have the Representatives of the people of Georgia assembled under circumstances more signally calculated to impress the mindjwith a deep sense of gratitude to Almighty God. It- Vvould, indeed, savour of tniiJeilty not to feel duly impressed with a sense of our renewed obligations to the great. Author mid Disposer of the destinies of men and of nations, for the many inestimable blessings vouchsafed to us, his offending creatures. While tlie chastening scourge of Heav en has been visited upon the jieople of both hemispheres, carrying in the train of pestilence, horror, despair and death, the people of our State have not only been shielded from the wide-spreading desola-- tion, but have enjoyed an unusual degree of health and prosperity. l’ropsitious seasons, a productive scii, and genial cli mate, have crowned the labours of our industrious agricultural population with a bountiful reward for all their toils. Our burns and store-houses are filled with plenty, and the surplus products of our labor command a [trice which amply re munerates the laborer for all his care and industry. Indeed, the various avocations, which diversify the labour of our citizens, find an ample and speedy reward, pro portioned to the skill and industry employ ed. Most of our people cultivate their own free-hold estates, and are literally sitting under their own vines and trees, and none to make them afraid. Our pri sons have no insolvent debtors—we have scarcely a pauper in the land, except the few who have become such from hab its of intemperance. Asa State, wc en joy the overflowing; bounties of a bcnifi cent Providence. On terms of amity with all Governments, wcarc blessed with the quiet and peaceable possession of our Jong-con tested territorial lights—rapidly increasing in population and wealth, ac cumulating from the continual devclope r.ient of th'c natural resourccs.of our State. Our inexhaustible mines and minerals have opened a wkie field for the employ ment of the most extensive science, skill and industry,.which is drawing to our State with irresistible impulse, capital, skill, and enterprise from various parts of Ihe world. Comparatively free from in dividual distress, as well as exempt from public debt, our people arc possessed of abundant means of promoting their indi vidual happiness, as well as their political prosperity. In the midst of nil these multiplied bles sings, it is truly mortifying to witness the restless spirit w* agitation nml poßtictxl ex citement, which has been engendered and vigorously kept up amongst the people, calculated, if not intended, to alienate their affections from their own beloved political .institutions. That the value of our Fede ral Union should have become a familiar subject of calculation, is truly alarming, and argues little for the patriotism of those, who encourage discussion upon such a subject. Who could have believ ed, ten years ago, that at this early day, we should have witnessed speculative dis cussion upon such a theme—or that it •could have become the leading topic of a xertain class of politicians? The Union of the States, one and indivisible, is now no longer the motto of every American citi zen ! These “ signs of the times,” speak volumes of admonition, to every lover of constitutional liberty, and should fire the bosom, and nerve the arm of patriotism in the cause of Union. Notwithstanding these threatening evils, it is gratifying to see, thatour admirable system office go vernment, based upon the will and the af fections of the people, continues to unfold the appropriate ability contained in its structure, to withstand the assaults of fo reign and domestic six’s. The enemies of oat Cmtnmont, -relieilier upcil Or illSidl ous—under whatever specious form or pretext—appeSt to be doomed to discom fiture, whenever they attempt to alienate the affections of the people from that Go vernment, which is emphatically, the off spring and nursling of their own effort and care. The people may aller and change as to them may seem fit; but that they would destroy tliat mighty govern mental fabric, reared by the toils and ce mented by the blood of their fathers— merely for the aggrandizement of selfish demagogues and strife-stirring politicians, is not to be expected. The spirit that gui ded our Washington has hitherto perva ded and saved our country’. The cham pions of civil and religions liberty, of pop ular rights and constitutional government have thus far succeeded and triumph ed over all opposition. Therefore, we should not be dismayed at the symptoms of yielding integrity and treasonable ambition, which have been engaged in estimating the valuii’ and threatening the dissolution of our Federal Union. lam willing to charge the errors of all such, rather to selfish delusion, than traitorous design; mid will therefore hopn, that the clouds, wlibdi at present «• I tersliulotv our (tohtical horizon, may quietly I'*** Sivai, li* f«vrif they gather into a ruinous lorojiast. Uut it hi* been truly said, “that j GEORGIA TIMES AND STATE RIGHTS’ ADVOCATE, I the condition on which God granted liberty to muu, is perpetual vigilance- ’ We, there fore, fellow-citizens, as the sentinels of the people, should exereise the most unceasing vigilance, and suffer not ourselves to lie led astray “by every wind of doctrine.” Let us | follow in the footsteps and adhere to the doc trines of Washington, Jefferson and Madison, land so far as the influ nee and example of Georgia wifi extend, our Republic will be safe. The drawing of the Lotteries, which were in progress at the last session ol the Legisla ture, was completed about the first of May last ; and the act of the Legislature, provi ding for tlie organization often new counties out of the Territory thus disposed of, has been carried into effect—and we have now, a settled freehold population on every part of our Territory competent to the administration of onr laws, so far as to secure most of the blessings of our system to those, whose enter prise fins led them to become settlers in that interesting section of our State, hitherto the abode of a people wholly unqualified to enjoy the blessings of wise-rclfgovernment. The accomplishment of this great and desirable object to our State, lias been attended, at eve ry step, with the most unrelenting ar.d obsti nate opposition- The unfortunate remnant of the Cherolcees lias, years past, been made the dupes and instruments of selfish and am bitious politicians, whose rest I res spirits have urged them toactsof mischief,degrading to humanity itself.. In the early part of the present year, another earnest and liberal ef fort was made bv the President of the Uni ted States to eflect a treaty with tlie Cher?- kess, having for itsebjeet their entire remo val beyond thcMississippi—which object,it is believed, was defeated alone, by a few of the interested half-breeds, who are evidently un der the influence of political men, who stand opposed to the true interest of the Indians, as well as that of the State. The failure to effect a treaty has not, however, prevented a continuance of our efforts to effect tlie object' of removing the Indians, at as early a day as piacticable. Another opportunity of enrol ment for emigration, has been extended to such as may be disposed to remove ; and 1 am gratified to learn, that many of tlie intel ligent and influential among them, have a vailed themselves of the liberal terms pro posed. Therefore, the day cannot be distant, when the State will be entirely relieved from the perplexities occasioned by this portion of its population. It will, however, become the duty of the Legislature, at i!s present session, to revise and amend our laws provi ding for the government and protection of tlie Indians. Expedience lias already ex posed many defects and ambiguities in tlie existing laws oil this subject, which should be speedily remedied. In our anxiety to provide for the welfare and protect the rglits of this unfortunate race, we have, in some in stances, given advantages to the native pop ulation over our white citizens ; which ad vantages, when exercised under the influ ence of selfish counsels, become oppressive to our white population, who are certainly not less entitled to the protection of our laws, than the native race—however just may be their claims on the sympathies of an enlight ened government. Under our existing laws, the reservations of land scented to the natives during their pleasure, arc, in many instances, unreasona bly large, and ought to be curtailed by judi cious legislation. I would also call the at tention of the Legislature to another descrip tion of native claims, which involves consid erations of the greatest importance to the in terest and honor of the State. A classof in dividuals, chiefly of the white and mixed blood, and who claim the right of natives within the limits of Georgia, are persons,who, under the treaties of 1817 and 1819, took valuable fee-simple reservations of the best lands tlictl Ceded, under an cxpiesecit, WTTt '.cn determination to become citizens of the United States—and consequently, abandon* i-'.j all the cl-ltnof ri 6 !.is or priv:!:.ges, &« a part or portion of the Cherokee nation, Nevertheless, these persons have since sold and disposed of their reserved lands, thus ta ken for large considerations of money for their individual benefit; and have gone in. to the country still occupied by the remnant of the Cherokees, and have again made se. lections and settlements on the most valua ble lands, of that portion of their people; who have not participated in an equal degree with themselves, in the benefits of the treaties referred to. Moreover, these very individuals, by their superior intelligence, and advanta ges of education, have had the address to regain an influence over the Cherokees— whom they had once abandoned to their fate —so far as to rule, govern and influence them in all matters relating to their most im portant interest ; and have been, for vears past, and continue to be, the prime and effi cient cause of preventing the Cherokees front yielding to the liberal and hcnificent plans of the Federal Government, for removing them to the west of the Mississippi. The insolence, and mischievous influence ofthese individu als should no longer receive the indulgence or countenance of extraordinary privileges from the Federal or State Government; but should be treated by both governments as in *ru the most sejumitig character, 'i’tie lands, now in the occupancy of these persons gnder our existing laws, ought to he granted to the drawers ; who arc tlie rightful owners, and who have been restrained from the occu pancy by the laws of the State now in force. These persons have already done their own people, the State of Georgia, and our com mon country, great and serious injury. They have been the dupes and instruments at home and abroad, of despeiate, political agitators, whose factious spirits are unbridled "by the restraints of virtuous patriotism. A judicious and well regulated svsiotn of public economy requires, that the people and their representatives, should he perfectly fa miliar with the financial condition and re sources of the State. No branch of jiolitical economy requires greater skill, wisdom and prudent forecast, in a government like our’s, than that of devising the ways and means to meet the expenditures, which popular opinion seems to demand. At this time, the general voice of every political community, is raised in favour of general education, as well as a liberal cultivation of the arts and sciences. Nor is the demand less urgent for the most splendid works for internal improvement.— All this, I deem to he proper enough—no one desires tlio advancement of the country in tin sc important objects, more than i do—hut true dignity consists in living within our |circumstances, and let <»* therefore scrutinize me ins, jhe people of Ooj'pa have long enjoyed the overflowing bounties ot ihcir rich and extensive territorial inheritance, but these advantages, as a source of public re venue, no longer exist. The present finan cial resources of the State, consist of a capital of about two and a half millions ol dollars— upwards of one million of which, is conqiosed of the stock owned by the State, in four of our incorporated banks; about one million of the notes of citizens discounted hv tlie Central Bank, and the balance, of various items, including specie, bonds, notes, canal stock and other evidences ol debts due the State. In addition to the foregoing, the State still has a scattered remnant t fractional lands, which, by prompt and appropriate le gislation, might be made available for public purposes. The aggregate, anneal profits ac cruing to the State at this time, upon her va nous investments, amount to the sum of about one hundred and twenty thousatd dollars. — Tins brief view of the present condition of the resources es the State will,at one glance, urge upon tlie consideration o I the Legisla ture, the necessity of adopting such systema tic, financial operations, as will direct the present course, and must determine the fu ture prospects of the States. After much reflection, l would respectful ly recommend to the General Assembly such legislation as may tend finally, to bring all the public assets of the State under the im mediate control and management of its own agent, the Central Bank ; and further to in vest that institution with the necessary (low ers to enab’e it to act efficiently in the col lection of the debts due the State. The pre sent vested capital of the State should be considered a permanent fund; the annual profits of which, should he scrupulously ap plied to great public objects of acknowledged utility—and, while the whole people arc en joying the benefits, which are constantly flow ing fiotn this, their permanently vested capi tal, I would recommend that no more taxes he exacted of them, than what may be suffi cient to defray the ordinary expenses of an economical civil .government; which will scarcely be felt by tlie people, and, at the same time, serve to remind each individual, annually, that he is a citizen and component part of the government. Under the provisions of the act of the Le gislature, passed on the 24th day of Decem ber last, a Receiver of the assets of the Bank of Macon was appointed by the Executive, but the-report of that Agent will show, that be has been wholly unable to effect the ob jects contemplated by the Legislature. The Report, together with copies of the corres pondence on the subject, is herewith submit ted ; and may aid the General Assembly in determining upon the expediency of further legislation on this subject—at least it w ill be come necessary to provide for the payment forscrvices already rendered under the'direc tion of the State, with a view to effect a fair and legal settlement of the affairs of said Bank. TThe dishonest and fraudulent manage ment of Banks, so frequently developed, admonishes thp Legislature, most urgent ly, to interpose its entire constitutional au thority to shield the people from the deso lating effects of legalized swindling.— During the last year, the public confidence was greatly shaken in the soundness of tlie paper currency of our State, by the failure of the Bank of Macon; and before the people had recovered from tlie shock and the losses suffered by it, their fears and forebodings were greatly increased and confirmed, by the failure of the Mer chant’s and Planter’s Bank of Augusta.— The developcmcnts already made, in re gard to the Bank of Macon, evince the im portant fact, that, if Banks are not man aged with fidelity ami skill, the ruinous effects, which .rauv, will fall, chiefly upon tne honest and unsuspecting, labour ing class of society, who are unable to contend against a combination of legal ynLtiltios, which will always be united to divide tne a disastcrous Bank corporation, on the part of a Bant; u...” cr > should be deemed a hignly penal crime, and punished accordingly. My general views in relation to these institutions, and their connection with the public interest, remain unchanged; and having been freely -communicated to the last General Assembly, I deem it unneces sary to reiterate tlie sentiments therein contained. Copies of all the Bank reports made during the prosent year, under the provisions of our existing laws, are here with submitted to the Legislature; which will enable the Representatives of the peo ple to judge of the present state and con dition of these institutions, and will show to what extent they have complied with the requirements of the law. Iho history of our own times, urges upon the consideration of every informed and inflecting citizen, the indispensable necessity of increased,exertions to edu cate the rising generation. We need some system, which will produce a gener al eflect, and operate beneficially upon the whole community. Our republican insti tutions can never be considered safe and stable, while a small number of individu als, however talented, can lead and mis guide whole communities, tothe very brink of ruin ! ! When the number of educated men in a political community, is so few, as to be chiefly confined to one or two pro fessions— who may therefore the more readily unite their efforts to controul and direct society, with a view to their own selfish aggrandizement—the liberties of, the people must be endangered. The conservative influence of education is greatly needed in our State. That gener al system, which may be best calculated to impart to our whole people, the blessings ol a competent, business education, can not fail to promote individual happiness, as well as greatly to strengthen the bonds of our republican institutions, it is not ne cessary that our sons should all be College bred gentlemen—l care not for numesl it our children can receive adequate in struction in the solid and useful branches of science, it is immaterial with me, wheth er they acquire it in Universities, Colleges Academies, Lyceums, Shop, °or Manual Labor Schools of uny description whatever. Thu great object to be effect* i l!l ' F‘VO she plain Working man an education, which shall make him iutelli. cent, virtuous and useful—and which shall place him upon the ground of hopeful competition, with the professional classes, who are assuming the lead in the entire government of the country. ° 1 rejoice at the gradual growth and in creasing prosperity of Franklin College. This State institution merits the continued patronage of our whole people—at this time, 1 consider it entitled to deticc of the people, and that it should re ceive the liberal supjiort of their Repre sentatives. Tlie literary and moral worth of the President and Faculty, together with the increased facilities of books and apparatus, affords fhc most flattering as surances of its future and permanent use fulness ; and I trust that our State may yet be remunerated for all she has ex pended, or may expend, in support ot that institution. But in relation to our other expenditures, for purposes of public edu cation, I do not feel authorised to speak thus flatteringly; for, the annual expendi ture of upwards of forty thousand dollars for the support of Academics and Poor Schools, though well-intended, is, in reali ty, effecting but little good. It is obvious to me, that we have experimented long enough upon our present system of Aca demic and Poor School education; and that we*should no longer be content with acklowledging existing imperfections, but that should, at once attempt an entire re novation of the system. In making this change, this important fact shonld be con stantly kept in view—that to make educa tion truly valuable, while the mind is culti vated and disciplined, the pupil should be carefully trained to habits of industry and morality. To make the rising genera tion better, wiser and happier—and at the same time, eradicate or diminish poverty, oppression and crime—should be the lead ing objects in establishing a general and well based system of public education.— With a view to promote these great ob jects, 1 respectfully submit to the Legis lature, my deliberately' formed opinion, that, in order to ensure success, it is in dispensably necessary to connect with the education of our children, regular and systematic manual labour. I believe that children in a well regulated institution, de signed for usujl education, should be taught various arts of lucrative labour ; so that indue time they may be able to earn a comfortable living by the labour of their own hands. From my own observa tion the subject of education, and from all the infgrmation I have been able to pro cure from others, I consider that system of educatiou best, which keeps youth most constantly employed, body and mind ; and which exercises the most unceasing vigi lance & controul,day & night—which ex cludes all vitiating associations and prac tices, and which superintends even, the amusements and social intercourse of the pupil. Another idea, not less important, urges upon our consideration the expedi ency of connecting manual labour with a system of public education. The most vigorous constitution, without exercise, is soon wasted by disease and decay ; anb a full developement of the powers of the mind, in such cases, is rarely attained by the most diligent application. If “ bodily exercise” be thus profitable in the devc lopement of the physical and mental pow ecs.-oi I consider employment in the mechanical arts, and especially agri culture, as being far preferable to those plays and pastimes, which, at present, oc cupy so much of their time, and in which they engage without any sensible or ra tional object of utility whatever. A self supporting system of education is also the more desirable, from the important consid eration, that is calculated to level those ijstinctions in society, which arise from the inability Pi the poor to educate their children in our existing institutions. In recommending a change of our sysiem of poor school education, I would, by no means, be understood as rcco:.lff!*;! 1f l‘ n 5 a reduction of the funds appropriated 10 that object ; but as proposing such an im provement of the system, as will more profitably employ that fund, for the benefit of the poor, and as will have a tendency to bring them nearer to the level of the wealthy. Exery year’s experience affords additional evidence of the correctness of the views here tofore communicated to the Le-islature bv myself, and predecessors, in regard to the de fective condition of our militia system. The Executive has not the power to correct those imperfections which have been so often ■pointed out, without the co-operation of the Legislature. Iho Reports ol the Keepers of the public Arsenals, at this place and Savan nah, are herewith transmitted. From an ex periment made upon a few hundreds of Mus kets, which had been returned to the Arsenal in this place, out of repair and greatly injured by rl,s L I find, that the guns belonging to tlie Slate in like condition, may be put in good order, at ail expense of one dollar each Would it not therefore he economy for the Legislature to provide for the collecting and j cleaning the scattered aims bclongimr to the State? ° Under the authority of a joint resolution of the General Assembly, approved on the 22<J of December last, William Schley, John Cutlibert am! Joseph Henry Lumpkin Esqrs. were appointed by the Executive, “ 'i’o pre pare a plan for the Penitentiary buildings digest a system ol laws for its government and organization and to revise and amend the penal laws of this State, so far as relates to the punishments, which that code prescribe* * report the whole to the nextGeix’l Assem’ bly. lam apprised, that the report of these gentlemen, is in a state of preparation, and will, in due time, be laid before the L.-gisla tore. Not having been directed to be sub. nutted to the Executive, but passing directly to tho Legislature, 1 deem it inexpedient t<» venture a remark on the several important sub jects, embraced in the Report. The character nl these gentlemen, as jurists justifies expectation, that the views to he submitted by them, will he useful to the legislature ~ to the country ; am! „ prcpariuion of heir report has required mueft time an Ii , hour, it is thcrefore to ,«• expected that |„ J will In;suitably compensated. Phe annual report of the Inspectors ot the Penitentiary, required to be made to the Ex ecutive in conformity with' the provisions ol the act of the last General Assembly, Is here with submitted. Since the report has been received at this Department, there has not been sufficient time, from other indispensible duties, to investigate its details with that scrutiny, which has heretofore been customa ry, and which always desiiablc. It is believed, however, that the operations ot the past year have, under all the circumstances, been successfully conducted for the iuteicst of the institution and of the t-tutc. In our efforts to sustain the institution, we should profit by past experience, and introduce, im provements as fast as circumstances and a due regard to economy will admit. W itb one additional remark, I will dismiss the subject of tlie Penitentiary, and that is—that our lead ing policy should be to make the institution maintain itself. The honest part of society feel a repugnance to the idea of labouring to support the cunvicts in the Penitentiary.— Therefore their comforts should be procured from their own labour, which under skilful management anil good discipline, is the best means at our disposal for effecting the great objects of penal punishment, by preventing crime ami producing reformation. The reports of the superintendants cf the public hands, will present to the Legislature the operations, progress and success of that branch of the public service during the past political year—and which, under all circum stances, authorize the belief, that tbe agents entrusted with the improvement of our public roads, are entitled to the public confidence and approbation. My general views, hereto fore submitted to the Legislature on this sub ject, have undergone no change.—But it de volves on the Representatives of the people and not the Executive, to determine whether the present system shall be abandoned, or be sustained by such legislation as has heretofore been suggested. No one can feel more gratified than inyscUj at the manifestation of the rising spirit of enterprise, which has characterised the pro ceedings of our fellow-citizens, in various parts of lb* State, in regard to works of intcr tial improvement. This spirit should not he checked, hut encouraged by the Legislature. Every citizen and section of the State should have the lawful privilege of investing their capital according to their own views of profit guarding.®! the same time, the interest of the residue of the community from injury be ing sustained, by any exclusive privileges which may be granted. Our past expenrnce, however, should admonish us to be cautious how we entangle tbe Slate, by becoming partners with individuals, or corporate bodies of men. Such associations betweeu Govern ment and its citizens, arc considered danger ous to equality and liberty. The favoured capitalist, who becomes a partner with the government, rarely fail to assume some un usual consequence on account of the associa tion ; and generally, the result is, that ’the government is left to hear the burthens of the concern, while the individual partners reap the whole profits—or abandon tiic project be fore any riling is advanced except by the government. If the State should,at this time, determine to enter upon any great work of internal im provement, it should be a central Rail Road through the entire State ; begining at the best emporium on our coast, and proceeding from thence, in a direction best calculated to benefit the largest portion of our population, to the base of the mountains. A well con structed Rail Road, through the centra of the'Slatc, being once completed, it would L*. Mtcvoootcil Ly various r<>a<l» from all parts of the State at the points most needed. The great highway of commercial intercourse being thus perma nently established, nothing could then hin der the progress of internal improvement in Georgia, to the full extent which utility might dictate. To effect any thing perma nently useful, it is necessary to concentrate the publip mind to one great central object, which shall be considered and patronized as a State work, designed for tbe benefit of the whole people. The credit and resources of our State, should not be expended upon lo cal or part ial works of internal improvement. Our commencement must ncccssatily be ac curate surveys, upon which true estimates i may on pfC.-ICHtC'!; anu this can only be ob. taineil by the services of a skilful ar.d well qualified Engineer. In connection w ith this subject, the views of a highly respectable and numerous portion of our fellow-citizens <?f Savannah and Macon, herewith submitted, are entitled to the most deliberate and res pectful consideration : as also the report of the commissioners, John G. l’olhili, Hugh Lawson, and Moses Fort Esquires, who, un dcra resolution of the Last Legislature, were appointed and instructed to examine the port of Brunswick and the Rail Road avenue to the Alatainaha ; w'hich report with various other documents, is herewith laid before the General Assembly. Savannah, the first settled point and long established emporium of our State, has for years past, contended against a rivalry, w hich has not only paralized her advancement, but must eventually annihilate her prosperity as an important commercial citv, unless she is sustained by liberal legislation. Many con siderations connected with our history as a State, forbid the abandonment of onr first and most important seaport town unless the in terest of the great body of the State, shall re quire such a course. The great question which should now he settled is, w hether the interest of the people cf Georgia will be most effectually promoted by a determination to sustain and build up Savannah? Or whether we should look to Brunswick, Darien or some other port, as possessing equal or supe rior advantages ? The reason why this ques tion should now ho settled is obvious Jl we commence a great central channel ol commerce—wo should commence at the o cean and proceed to the mountains. The Slate should have hut one work of this des cription on hand at a time ; and that should be i.irected with the single view of bericfitting tue greatest number of onr citizens. Vari ous considerations admonish -very true Geor „i'iii a ay asK.e Ins inca( and sectional pre judices, and to ejccrcuo a magnanimous spirit ol patriotic stat-j pride, which will secure to mil* l i . an'_ fello’v-citizens those commercial i.t u i .gcg,which the God of Mature designed ,or people, who should inhabit this fa lored portion of the confederacy, |i would e mortifying indeed, to nee tho immense products of our own Stale dittwr, from their natural channel, of destination (our ournx- I l :*'**'* ,o Charleston and the 'Ulf of Mexico—merely for list want ofiu-j dustry and enterprise on the part of citizens ! Not only the products of our own State, should be shipped from our own ports but, by timely and judicious measures of i n ! terna! improvement, a very considerable porl tion of the Western trade might be drawn to the ports of Georgia—which is believed to be the best and most natural channel for much ol that trada. The immense and su pi rubounding products of the great and fertile West, are more than sufficient to glut its on ly natural outlet, New-Orleans. Therefore, the surplus products of that fertile region! must nccessajily seek a market elsewhere! Hence, we have witnessed the efforts of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and lately Virginia and Sonth Carolina, to obtain a por tion of the Western trade by their canals rail and turnpike roads. .Should not Georgia strive lor a part of this immensely valuable trade? The eastern counties of Tennessee are nearer to tbe coast of Georgia than anv other Atlantic market; and it is confidently believed, that if we had a suitable channel of of commerce, or in other words a good rail road from a’teaport in Georgia to the moun tains, it would be extended without delay to the heart of the great West. The great mountain barrier w hich separates the Wes tern, from the Atlantic waters, can, it is br. lieved, l c more easily overcome, ami at far less expense in Georgia, than in any one of the Atlantic States. Under the authority of a joint resolution of tho General Assembly, passed at the last ses sion, William Nichols, jr. Es.quirc, a gentle man ol Ingn qualifications, w as duly appointed by the Executive, and has made the necessa ry surveys, to ascertain the practicability of a commercial communication between West Point in Troup county and the town of Go lumbiis j which report is in a State of pre paration and will be laid before the Lemsla lure ut an early day of tire present session.— The information collected by this examina tion and survey, w ill enable the Legislature;o determine what can, and ought io he done, tu improve thecommctcial facilities of that ’in. tcresting section of the State. In pursuance ot the provisions of a resolu tion approved the 24th December last, the improvements on the Fractional Survevs of land in the Cherokee Territory, have bcui rented for tbe present year, and the notes re ceived for rent have been deposited in this Department, subject to the direction of the Legislature. Ttie rejiorts of the commission ers who performed this duty are herewith submitted, and will afford full and detailed information on tbe subject. Various resolutions passed by the Legislatures of a number of the States of tbe Uuiou, on sub jects of general concern, have been transmitted to this Department, with a request, that they should be laid before the General Assembly of this State—And are, therefore, respectfully sub mitted for your consideration. Many of these documents are so voluminous, that u has been found impracticable to iurnish ccpies for the con venience of the respective branches of the Leg islature; and originals of such are, therefore, transmitted to tbe Representatives.— No recommendation or comment on the part of tbe Executive is deemed necessary in regard to tbe resolutions submitted, except those passed by lhe Legislature of Alabama on die subject of the boundary line between that State and our own; and thoee from the State of Pennsylvania,on the subject of the “entire abolition of lotteries.” 1 lie importance of ail amicable, speedy and definite adjustment of the boundary Hue between Georgia and Alabama, is too obvious to re-quire argument ; and the plan proposed by the Legis lature ot Alabama, is entitled to the respectful consideration of the Representatives ol the peo ple of Georgia. The resolutions, together with the correspondence, which has passed between the Executives of the two Stales, will urge the expediency of an ear! v attention to ibis subject— and I would recommend to the Legislature, a course which may afford full evidence, that Geor gia is prepared lor the most ample investigation ot her claims, and that she seeks nothing but that justice from others, which alone w ill be sat isfactory to herself. 1 concur with the public authorities of the pat riotic State ol Pennsylvania, in respectfully re commending your cordial co-operation with the Legislature ol tliar State, in effecting the entire abolition of lotteries. i'he survey and settlement of tbe entire terri tory ol the State having been accomplished, 1 would respectfully rucoyrmend to the Legislature, that immediate provision bemauc for execulimra splendid Map of Georgia. Inorderto construct an accurate Map of the State, it will be necessa ry to cause a resurvey ot the county-lines of that part of the state, situate eeit the Savannah and Oconee rivers. me numerous Acts and Resolutions of tbe last Legislature*, requiring the action of the Execu tive, have received prompt and due attention, by carrying into effect the objects contemplated by the Legislature, or by placing such objects inn course ol execution, which, in due time, (as far as may be practicable) will ensure their coniple tiou. A statement of Executive Warrants drawn on the Treasurer during the political year 18JJ, und a li»t ot Executive appointments made during tho rece=s ol the Legislature, are heicvvitlr transmit ted. lellow-citizens, under a deep sense of the magnitude of our responsibilities, suffer me to re mind you, that, as American citizens, a benefi cent Providence lias placed us upon a lofty emi nence. The eyes of ail tbe world are directed to tbe people of these United States. To us, ns a people, lias been eutrusted, upon a large scale, tbe experiment, whether a people can go™™ themselves without Kings, nobility, or standing armies. To us, belongs the distinction of dem onstrating, that millions upon millionsof free and equal citizens may d-.veli together in peace and prosperity : exercising all tbe prerogatives oj wise self-government, without tumult, anarchy or domestic wars. And to ensure and perpeM 01 ® these inestimable privileges to our posterity."® should always bear in mind, that our people™® be virtuous and intelligent. Ignorance and vice arc opposed to liberty-, Religion, without rcitgt ous establishments, affords the best guarantee 1 the perpetuation of our republican system. ® principles inculcated by the saviour of man, j' his . v ermon on the Mount, will make a-p® o obedient to laws, emanating from l b eru * e !*j' and administered by a citizen-magistrate ol Own choosing-, without 'the aid of n,prC ury legions, and the pomp and power, win l " tbe attendants of despotic and arbitrary g° ls meats. That the C. eating Power es the l . may clothe us with a spirit of republican plicity, equality and liberty—and guide t ward march in that course cf policy, w "! cn ' j ensure to posterity, the unfading inbertw . equal rights and free government—is «* e e prayer of your fellow-citizen. ~011 V WILSON LUMI’M-V Theßbow* It A I'—. A gentleman ir£ piling through Mecklenburg, ' vl 'I to a very singular circurnstanc I one of liicse animals, itt the post ho , I New 1 lagan!. Alter dinner, the l“ n I placed on the Hour a large dish e I and gave n loud whistle, lininctlial* J I came into th< room a niaslfi. <j n ' I cat, an old raven, urnl a Jorge Kat ■ 101 l about its neck. They I