Newspaper Page Text
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A Family Journal for the Dissemination of General Intelligence, Miscellany, Agricultural, Commercial, Political and Religious Information.
REII) & Co.,]
[PROPRIETORS
hV SERIES,!
MACON, GA., MONDAY, OCTOBER 8. 1866.
1VOL. 1, NO. 46
,ki.eghaph
ASHING HOUSE.;
,'liElirACo^oprietore.
‘..j
[PlTO#l<
of snbscriplion :
T ;, tK ,v TEtKOiurn: 8100
Roller Tor the People.
PUBLIC MEETING IN MACON COUNTY.
Pursuant to a previous notice, a majority
I of the citizens of Macon county assembled in
‘ °' KIN the Court House at Oglethorpe to-day. On
per
. „ rri n.uAvn: *»2 00 per annum.
I HINTINC:
1 l, ,|t« T7tton will be given to the
r '"f JOB pB,STIN0 of CVery de8Crll _
ITALIAN OPERA
SF.XT MONDAY. t
, r . w jH, l>y referring to the ad-
IM Yin soother column of this paper,
^ luccenunt of Max Strakoscb’a
* tff on ml Italian Opera, which will
*^ ricf ^son of three nights at Ral-
L, commencing next Monday, the
Th H Company, since its last visit in
i j liven considerably strengthened
‘ ^ # nil now consists of seventy-
artists. The Troupe is now
... with immense success, in Savan-
.j .ill, on its way to New Orleans,
" * nights and no more. If any of
tie anxious to sec and here Opera,
the New York Academy of Mu-
yi should avail themselves of this op-
MJ.
, advertisement.
three i
,is>ab.—We regret to see that the
. jf ,>nr sister city is by no means im-
The Board of Health report 03 in
's f.,r the last week, including 23 cases
Ha. mostly confined to negroes.
:T , r . Delaware, which is never wrong
| : «brn deceived or overawed, is again
Lye up and strikes the first blow North
V Constitution and the Union. All
r t0 her precioui little self, and may
[-at sisters follow her patriotic example.
CoNFEDF.it.vTr: Debt.—An iiiterest-
[ disquisition on the lows of nations, as
relate to the Confederate debt, will be
1 on our first page. The “ World ” lias
, pretty full collection of the authorities
■ rt.,. subject, and the article may be read
s.tmntage, especially by the Radical school
liticinns at the North, for whom it was
■ally designed.
|bk Avgfsta «fc Macon Railhoad.—We
e, from the Augusta pnpers, that Ste-
[:i 1). Heard, Esq., of that city, has been
-en President of the above work. The
'nide mjs: Mr. Heard is a man ot ener-
[ niii sagaeity, and his selection to this im-
r:ant line, will, we doubt not, prove to
U-en a judicious choice. Wc trust
: the road will now bo pushed forward to
Lirij completion.
or. Uranniss.—Those having business
^ Judge E. C. Granniss, either legally, or
- insurance line, can now find him at his
nation, in the first room to the left,
: 1 story of Ralston Range, Cherry street,
i oraanis is agent for some of the most re
insurance Companies in the country,
• a the season is now approaching when
• ui' to be apprehended, prudufice would
u:c the securing of a policy.
1' unF.riN School Books.—Wc perceive
' John LcConte, Professor of Natural and
anical Philosophy in South Carolina
-c, is writing a treatise on “ Natural
*>phy, n and Joseph LeContc, Professor
mistry, Mineralogy and Geology in the
I <x a treatise on “ Geology foy Universi-
I a -." These last four works will form
f Richardson & Co.’s Southern Educa-
V Series.
OX.\L express a transportation
COMPANY.
■- tie requested to state that a meeting of
■Mjcon stockholders in the National Ex-
• A Transportation Company, and others
>!cd. will take place at the office of Col.
-tie. at 10 p’clock, a.*»., this day. The
i i« to co-operate with the friends of the
d*nj in other cities iu sendirg delegates
- Richmond Convention, and devising
> for the support of the Company. The
•t war upon it has appealed effectively
right-thinking people everywhere, and
r -vnifi’st determination of the people to
: their condemnation againstjunfairncss,
■ autain the institution with their influ-
• patronage, and means, is unmistakable.
Ft Lope all the Macon stockholders will at-
" 'lie meeting to-day, and by their action
themselves in full sympathy with the
i'leof other cities. •
S. T.-1800-X.
b.-k.nt of sedentary habits troubled with
‘inejs, lassitude, palpitation of tho heart,
1 ut appetite, distress after eating, torpid liver
pvtion, Ac., deserve to suffer if they will
:if J the celebrated
PLANTATION BITTERS,
- are sow recommended by the highest me-
‘“thorities, and warranted to produce an
, -itdiate beneficial effect. They are exceed-
” '• ‘Sreeable, perfectly pure, and must super-
4 *11 other tonics where a healthy, gentle
it required.
1“ 4 - T Porify, strengthen and invigorate.
cr *ste a healthy appetite,
are an antidote to change of water and
“rercome effects of dissipation and late
The
**i
ahe
motion, Wm. R. Ro dnson, Esq., was called
on to act as Chairman, and E. H. Winn as
Secretary. •
On motion of Benj. Harris—W. A. Tigner,
Esq., was called on to explain the object of
the meeting, after which the meeting was ad
dressed by Gea.Cook, and Capt F. T. Snead,
in 1 appropriate and well-timed speeches,
which were in perfect harmony with tho
feelings and spirit of the people. A commit
tee of eleven, appointed to prepare res
olutions explanatory and declaratory of the
feelings and intention of .the meeting, re
ported as follows:
WnEREAs, We view with profound inter
est the deplorable condition of the people of
our State—a larger portion of the State over
ran and desolated during the late war—
houses, barns and fencing destroyed, cotton,
com and provisions taken, consumed or des
troyed, negro property, in vyhich chiefly con
sisted the accumulated wealth of a century,
abolished, the people overwhelmed
with debts contracted upon the credit of
it, and many of them given for the purchase
ot the very property destroyed, swept away,
and abolished; Confederate and State money
and Securities, the only currency which our
people had at tho close of the war, worthless
and repudiated; the present growing crop,
owing to the revolution of our entire labor
system and the unfavorable season, unprece
dentedly small; and whereas, the Stay Law,
passed by the last Legislature for the relief of
the people, is, under our peculiar circum
stances, wholly inadequate as a remedy, there
fore be it
Resolved. That we request and urge upon
our members ot the State Legislature to use
every effort in their power to pass at the next
session a wise and liberal Exemption and
Homestead Law for the benefit of debtors.
Resolved, That in the absence of any legis
lation of the Congress of the United States
in relation to a Bankrupt Law, by virtue of
the permissive grant of the Constitution of
the United States, we respectfully but ear
nestly request and urge our members of the
Legislature to use their best efforts to secure
the passage of a State Bankrupt Law, and
that they give to the people such other relief
as can be constitutionally given.
Upon motion of the Chairman, the resolu
tions were adopted almost unanimously by
acclamation, there being but one dissenting
voice.
Upon motion, it was further ordered, that
the pioccedings of this meeting be published
in the Macon Daily Telegraph and Journal &
Messenger.
Whereupon, the meeting adjourned sins
die.
WM. n. ROBINSON, Chairman.
E. H. Winn, Secretary. ;
The Internal Improvement Ques
tion.
WHAT OUGHT MACON TO DO ?
Editors Telegraph:—We still urge the
nied President Johnson throughout his re
cent tour, attending scores of popular gath
erings, and mingling treely arabng the crowds
in all the cities, has informed us that he saw
and heard very much to excite his grave ap
prehensions as to what was before us. Re
question, Wliai ought Macon to do ? It lias
been urged that her Charter confines her in
debtedness to §230,000. This was doubtless
Personal.—The Savannah News and Her
ald does but justice to the Senior of the Tele
graph, in saying that we have no approval for
any reflection upon the character of Savan
nah merchants, or for any unfair means to di
vert trade from that city. While as a citizen
of Macon, indentified in sympathy and in
terest with her prosperity, and ready to ad
vance it by all honorable efforts, the means
used to that end shall never exceed the lim
itationsoffair and honorable competition. No
one outside of her limits would rejoice more
over the success of Savannah than himself.
We may add, though, in reference to the
tase in point, that the article referred to as
having appeared in the local column of the
Telegraph, can hardly be construed as re
flecting upon the “integrity” of Savannah
merchants. It spoke solely of charges, and
did not imply that they exceeded the estab
lished and pvldished rates of the business men
of the city. Still, the language of the article
is broad and perhaps ungenerous, and we are
free to say that had we seen it before our
paper was issued, wc should have insisted on
a material modification.
Urengtlien the system and enlivcu (he
J prevent miumatic and intermittent fe-
breath and acidity of the *to-
- 'J cur# Dyipepela and Constipation.
- -/J L ’ ure Diarrhoea and Cholera Morbns.
? u j^ cur# Liver Complaint and Nervous
^ nuke the weak strong, tho languid bril-
* r ® ‘^suited nature's great restorer.
hJ »•' ““P 0 ** 1 ®f Ulo celebrated Calisaya
Ul 'cssafrass, roots and herb*,
Vj? in P* 1 *® 11 ! P uro Cr °ix rum.—
Lia.j cu ** r, > »ee circulars and testimonials
‘■‘sdeaeh bottle.
OF COUNTERFEITS.
THE TAX ON COTTON.
Wc are authorized by Mr. J. C. McBurney,
the U. S. Revenue Collector, to state that the
rule governing Assessors and Collectors in
the State of Georgia, as to shipments of cot
ton and payment of taxes, will be ns express
ed in the resolutions adopted for tire conve
nience of planters at the meeting of Assess
ors and Collectors in this city, on the 18th
ult
The information becomes somewhat impor
tant in view of the news by telegraph from
Washington, published in the city papers of
yesterday, and which may occasion trouble in
the minds of our planters.
The resolutions arc as follows:
Resolved, That whenever designated points
in different counties in one district for weigh
ing, assessing and collecting the tax on cot
ton, tend to turn it from iu natural course,
thereby inflicting on the producer a loss in
value; or whenever the designated poinUfor
weighing, assessing, &c., in other districts,
are less expensive to be reached, that the
producer and owner of cotton be allowed by
officers to convey their cotton without hin
drance to such points.
Resolved, That in thus accommodating the
people the Government cannot possibly be
defranded of one dollar in tax.
Resolved, That inasmuch as frauds might
be perpetrated on the Government by giving
duplicate permits to remove cotton, we will
issue originals only, and recommend that
common carriers receipt to shippers for per
mits.
Disentombing the Fiona a i. Dead.—
This work has commenced in this vicinity,
and will continue until all the remains shall
have been transferred to the National Ceme
tery :it Marietta. The work will prnitre.-i as
rapidly as iu nature will admit—Atlanta In
telligencer.
Washington County. —At a special elec
tion held on the 18th ult, to fill vacancies
Gen. S. Roberson was elected Justice of the
Inferior Court, and H. Haitlcy, Coroner.
a proper restriction, when she was a small
town; but since she has become the centre ot
very important railway connections, and
grown to be quite a city, with real estate
renting higher, perhaps, tbonjthat ofothe
Southern cities, with, perhaps, twenty more
fine business houses being erected, and with
important sites for factories when her canal
s completed, with a prudent and wise city
council to manage its finance, it seems to
an outrider that it yould be policy for the
city to apply to the Legislature to to amend
her Charter that, if in their wisdom they de
sired it, they might be allowed to extend
their indebtedness to §2,000,000. This
would give the city ample room to
procure such stocks as would, in time, add
greatly to her permanent prosperity, and pro
cure valuable stocks, whose dividends wouldi
in time, relieve her people from taxation
and school all her children free of charge.—
The Savannah and Memphis Railroad would
certainly add much to the prosperity of Ma
con, as shown in a former number, and offers
a stock comparing in its terminus at each and
with four feeders along the line, crossing
nearly at right angles, it will bo like turning
two great funnels with their stems together—
one end flowing northwest, embracing all of
the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, the southeast
to the Atlantic and Gulf coast; uniting in its
connections almost every variety of mineral
and soil; and in comparison with other routes,
will have a greater variety imd more abun
dance of freight than any other road. The
Western & Atlantic Railroad with a small
mineral freight, cost double what it ought,
now nets 20 per cent.; costing only half,
would now nett 40 per cent, almost entirely
on merchandise^ and travel. Tho Savannah
and Memphis Railroad, connecting in regu
lar lines from St Josephs to Tuscumbia, with
regular lines at Savannah to New York and
Liverpool, will give a fine line of travel.—
These connections will give an immense
through freight of merchandise. Then, the
Warrior coal fields, comprising 5,000 square
miles, will be opened within thirty miles of
the Mississippi steamers at Tuscum
bia, while it will open the Coosa and Ca-
haba coal fields ot 350 square miles, within
100 miles to Columbus, and 200 miles to Ma
con. It would distribute freights from Me
ridian, Miss. ( west, to Augusta on the east.
Such a road must, in the natnre of things,
offer a better paying stock than any in tho
South; and as Macon would greatly add to
her prosperity, and secure a paying invest
ment, it is her duty to subscribe a half mil
lion in her bonds. Should she do this, doubt
less the Road will secure at the east end, two
and a half millions, and two and a half mil
lions at tb_e northwest end, and secure its
completion jn two years.
An Octsideb.
turbulent, if not warlike. He believes that
war—civil war—is in the hearts and expecta
tions of vast multitudes. Ho has been in
formed, and feels no douht, that very many
are already arming in anticipation of the con
flict, somo of them individually and others in
organizations. * * * * . *
The signs are direful. Our nationality
seems more fearfully threatened than it was at
any time during the lato war, the world’s
greatest war. The portents glow and red
den liko balefires upon all the hills. The
country is covered with combustible mate-
ials scattered around by fierce hands, and the
hurling abroad of a single firebrand from
Washington, or the bursting of one flash of
lightning rrom tho iu«a chmrls that bang
low over the capitol, may wrap the land in •
conflagration of civil war. And let the
Northern people remember that, if civil war
comes, it will rage and madden and work its
desolations first in the North, and, if the South
choose, be confined to the North.
How the Radical Plan Will Legal
izc the Rebel Debt.
From the N. Y. World
Almost a Pkofhecy.—The National In
telligencer says: -'Mr. Galhooa, as far back
as 1837, proclaimed n great truth when he
Radicals will result in rendering the United |
States responsible for every penny of the
Confederate debt. Even the passage of the ’
tromtne.N. x. worm. amendment to the Constitution, which pur-
The attempt of the Radicals, from ex-Vice- ' ports to repudiate the debt, will be of no said :
President Hamlin upwards, to cajole their avail; for such an enactment will have no: “‘Emancipation itself would not satisfy
followers into the belief that the success ot morc effect upon the law of nations than on these fanatics; that gained, the next step
the Conservative party will lead to the recog- the law of gravitation, or than Thad. Ste- would be to raise the negroes to a social and
nition of the Contademto ilehL is sufficiently yens’notorious gold bill had on the reduc- ! political equality with the whites, anti that
tion of the price of the precious metal. Vat- ^eing effected, we should find the prcscutcon-
tel says that as the law ot nations “is imnm- dition of the two races reversed. They and
the North-
fStf-Au Indiana paper tells of the recen
killing of a rattle snake with 110 rattles.
The Political Excitement at
Signs of War.
Our private accounts describe tho bitter
ness and acerbity of feeling between parties
at the North as without a parallel in our his
tory. The hatred of each goes so far as to
abrogate even social intercourse, and the as
pect of affairs is most alarming. The Louis
ville papers corroborate all wc hear and more.
Wc extract below from the two leading jour
nals-of that city statements that are full ot
significance:
From th* Courier, Oct. 1.
The political contests in the Northern States
in which elections are to occur this fall, are
characterized by a degree of bitterness seldom
if ever before witnessed. There is an amount
of malignity in all ot the exhibitions and ut
terances of the Radical party, which is as un
accountable as it is intense. Their rage against
botli the Southern States and the Democratic
party seems to be utterly unappeasable, and
their purjMise to crush out both becomes
more manifest with each succeeding day N —
They are aggressive and defiant, and do not
hesitate to declare their intention to inau
gurate, in the event of their success, a system
of measures even morc radical than any they
-have yet proposed, and they seize with avid
ity upon every argument, true or false, which
they imagine will contribute in the slightest
degree to the party triumph for which they
are now working with such ferocious energy.
They offer no compromise and will listen to
no appeals, and there is a recklessness and
dasli about their actions and intentions which
would be truly startling but for the confidence
wc have in the ability of the Democratic par
ty to so far cripple them as to make the ex
ecution of their ruinous policy an absolute
impossibility. It is doubtless the apprehen
sion of this result which lends energy to their
efforts to secure the victory, and their intem
perate rage indicates that the conviction is
[iressing upon them that the scepter of power
is about to be wrested from their hands.
We do not mean by this that they fear a
majority against them in the next Congress,
but thej’ do fear that they will lose enough
Representatives to cut down their majority
below a two-tbirds vote. This resnlt would
be tbe destruction of all of their schemes for
the further humiliation of the South; for,
with only a bare majority the President’s “I
object” would stand as an impassable barrier
between them and their intended victims.—
The Jacobinical spirit which urges them on
cannot tolerate the idea of being deprived of
tbe power for further mischieE Relentless as
thev are unprincipled, flicy look upon suck a
result as an overwhelming dctcat. They sec in
it the early overthrow ot their party, the resto
ration of tho States, and the triumph of the
President. Infatuated with the unrestrained
exercise of power for the last four years, they
regard it as audacious insolence in the Dem
ocratic party to attempt to check them now,
and the prospect that their power to ride
rough shod over the President’s vetoes is
about to be taken from them exasperates
them beyond all control. The} - are leaving
no means untried to retain tlieir power, and
tliev have worked the people into a perfect
frenzy of excitement. Mass meetings are
held at every cross-roads. The people gather
in immense' numbers, and are addressed by
cra7.v Jacobins whose inllamatory appeals
add fuel to the tremendous excitement, and
stimulate the passions and prejudices already
fearfully aroused.
From the Journal, 1st Oct)
A distinguished gentleman, who accontpa-
AFFECTION FOR OUR HEROIC DEAD.
The Memphis Avalanche, commenting on
the order of Gen. Sheridan against funerals
over Confederate soldiers, and his more re
cent remark, “I consider these gorgeous fu
neral demonstrations an insult to me, end to
every man who ever wore the Federal blue,”
utters the following sentiments, to which ev
ery true Southern heart will respond Amen:
General Sheridan may issue his orders,
numbering from one to one thbusand, and he
can no more restrain the tide of public sym
pathy which comes ebbing and floating from
the Southern heart for their dead, than he
can repress the waves of the ocean. King
Canute, dressed in a rich gown, took his seat
upon the seashore, and ordered the ocean to
be still; bnt notwithstanding his il ipsedixit,"
the old waves came thundering along as usu
al; and the self-conceited King came near
being drowned. General Sheridan might as
well undertake to stop the ebbing and flow
ing of the sea, as to dry up the public sym
pathy which the Southern people feel for the
memory of their slain heroes. As
we have already said, the brave men
who fell at Thermopyla?, deserve as much
credit as the legion who trampled them down;
and the Confederate dead deserve as much
glory as the innumerable host who conquered
them. It has been the ft custom ot all ages to
pay respect to the memory of the noble dead,
who, while living, signalized their lives by
deedsofvalor. No brave, magnanimous man
will object to a “funeral procession,” however
“gorgeous.” The attempt to obliterate the
memory of our dead heroes will only concen
trate the affections of our people. These
demonstrations are not intended to commem
orate the cause in which so many gallant
men fell, but as a tribute to bravery, which
all nations delight to honor -and respect.—
This is all that is left of our cause,
and it seems that such men as Sheri
dan would defile the graves of the no
ble men whose hearts bled and broke in
the cause they believed right. Such men as
Butler and Sheridan may issue orders pro
hibiting the erection of stately monuments
and costly mausoleums, but they cannot pre
vent the &hedding of tears or repress the
yearning affections, and these are more to be
prized than heartless inscriptions on brass and
splendid marble. In giving up the struggle,
the South claims only one thing, and that
is the privilege of honoring her heroes.—
Their deeds are the only trophies we have
kept of a four years’ bloody war. Surely a
generous adversary would not wish to rob us
of this boon. We have buried every recol
lection of the war in tbe eternal Past, save
the memory of our comrades, and we intend
to keep this green and fresh throughout all
time. They fell in what they regarded as a
just and righteous cause, and most glorious
ly and unselfishly wai the sacrifice mode—
“They fell devoted but uudying—
The very gales their names are sighing,
The waters murmur ol their name;
Tbe woods are peopled of their tame;
The meanest rill, the mightiest river,
RoHs mingling with their tame forever.”
Ex-Secrctary Harlan.
Ilotv a Poor Man Became Rich.
Washington (Sept 17) Correspondence'of tbe Du
buque Herald.
I have read your recent editorials concern
ing Messrs. Harlan and Cooley, ot their sud
den elevation to the offices* of honor and
profit which they, as Secretary of tbe Interior
and Commissioner of Indian Affairs, have
filled here with so much profit to themselves
and their immediate political friends.
It is well known that both ol tbe gentle
men in question left Iowa with scarcely funds
enough to bear tlieir own personal expenses,
both being compelled to leave their families
behind.
Senator Harlan, when ho resided at Iowa
city, lived in the most humble style, kept
boarders, for whom Mrs. H. did the cooking,
whilst the superintendent of schools cut and
split the wood and made fires. This was all
honest and proper, and praiseworthy; but lo!
what a change a few short years have wrought
He now lives in one.of the most costly, ele
gantly furnished mansions in tbe federal city,
drives splendid horses before a §1,500 car
riage—the horses costing double that sum—
whilst his coachman and footman dress in
more costly livery than any foreign minister’s
drivers do. He has purchased the elegant
mansion of Clem. Hill, Esq., for which he paid
§10,000 down and was to pay the other §20,-
000 in one and two years. * He soon after
went to Mr. Hill and begged him to take the
other §20,000 due to savo interest, ns he had
more money than he knew what to do with.
Not content with the elegant furniture of Mr.
Hill, he refitted and superbly improved upon
it by the purchase ot elegant and costly new
mirrors, velvet carpets up stairs and down,
the mostly costly silk curtains, rosewood pi
anos, harps, etc., etc.
Was there ever a Senator or Secretary at
Washington city who was so suddenly raised
from obscure poverty to magnificent wealth
and grandeur before 1 This all goes to show
that some things may be done as well as oth
ers, and that there is cause for suspecting that
all is not fair in the awarding of §00,000 con
tracts for surveying and the like contractsfor
making Indian treaties, and for the purchase
by clerks of the rich silver plate which was
recently presented to the Secretary on his re
tirement from the Interior Department. So
it is with Mr. Cooley.
Toe Revival of Religion, in progress
for some weeks past in tbe Methodist Church
of this place, still continues. On last Sab-
batch, over fifty joined that Church. There
were also three accessions to tbe Baptist
Church, and twenty-six to the Presbyterian.
Athens Watchman.
The “Ristori” liat has appeared—
greed velvet roses trimmings.
nition of the Confederate debt, is sufficiently
answered in the proceedings of the Philadel
phia National Union Convention, in which
both Northerners and Southerners agreed and
declared that that debt must be forever repu
diated. But that decision and declaration
will be of little avail if the Radicals arc ena
bled, by legislative action, to establish their
favorite doctrine of conquest, as in that case
the validity of the debt will be settled in a
manner that it will be beyond the power
either of Congress or of a constitutional
amendment to subvert. Let us see bow this
will be accomplished.
Thad Stevens said, in his recent speech at
Bedford, Pa., that the States lately in rebel
lion ■ ire rtere territories conquered by our
“ari.-.s//w/» the Confederate States of Amer-
“iao.” This i9 tho acknowledged doctrine of
tbe Radical party. But it admits a position
that, if established in law, will lead to con
sequence of which wo imagine very few are
aware. If the territories in question are con
quered from the Confederate States, then those
States must be considered as having formed
a nation defateo. The majority report of
the Reconstruction Committee even went so
fur, in speaking of the Southern States, os to
declare that “for four years they had a de
facto government;” and, although the re
port added that “it was usurped and illegal,”
it would not be the less such a government.
In accordance with the principles ot inter
national law, the acquisition of territories, by
conquest, from a government of that .nature,
makes the conquerors successors to all the
property, rights, duties and obligations of
which it may be possessed or is liable for in
respect to such territories at the time of con
quest.
In Gabdner’s “Institutes of National
Law,” the author states (p. 44), on the au
thority of Vattel and Wheaton: “Nations
“</« facto are of necessity, nations de jure.—
“An association of men, claiming to be a na
tion, must be a nation, or it is not. If it is
“in tact an organized, independent and sov
ereign state as one of the family of nations,
“it acquires all ^international rights, and it
“subject to all international duties.” And fur
ther m, (p. 57,) lie says: “By the law of na
tion-the treaties Af a government de facto
“are calid, and its existence and acts are reeog-
“nixed
Such, then, being tlie status, os defined by
the leading international jurists, of a de fac
to government, which the Radicals, to carry
out their role of conquerors, and compelled
to assert that tbe Southern States possessed,
let us ascertain what position a government
stands, that, by conquest, lias acquired terri
tory' from another a de facto or a de jure one.
Gahdneb says (p.52): “By the law of
“nations, conquest passes all rights belong
ing to the conquered territory to the same
“extent as cession. In neither case|is private
“property affected. Thf rights of sov
ereignty, and of public property, only pass
“by a cession or conquest” He gives numer
ous authorities for this, and remarks: “The
“Supreme Court of the United States have so
‘declared the law of nations.” With refer
ence to the liabilities to which the conquer
ors succeed, he says (p. 58): “In ordinary
“cases,where the whole national property and
“jurisdiction are ceded to another nation,
“the latter is justly liable for her debts.”
W.Vn T*xns joined the United States, it was
only by a compromise that the general gov
ernment did not become liable for the debts
ot the Texan Republic, in accordance with
which she retained her own public lands and
had to pay her own public debts. As we have
shown, international law views conquest in
the same light as cession, so that Radical
programme is suited to make the federal gov
ernment “justly liable ” for the debts of the
Confederate government. Wheaton is very
positive on this point. With regard to the
international effects produced by a clinnge in
the person of the sovereign or in the form of
goremment of any state, he remarks: “As
“to public debts—whether due to or from
“ tke revolutionized state—a mere change in
“ the form of government, or iu the person of
“ tbe ruler, does not affect their obligation.
“Yhe essential form of the state, that which
“constitutes it an independent community,
“ remains the same; its accidental form only
“ is changed. The debts being contracted in
**‘the name ot the state, by i's authorized
agents for its public use, the nation contin
“ ues liable lor them, notwithstanding the
■ change in its internal constitution. The
“ new government succeeds to the fiscal
“ rights, and is bound to fulfil the fiscal olliga-
“ tions of the former government. It becomes
“ entitled to the public domain and other proper-
“ ty of the state, and is bound to pay its debts
“previously contracted.” Lawrence’s When
ton, Gth edition, p. 41.)
Curiously enough, we have at the present
time a practical illustration of this law in the
instance of Venetia, tbe debts of which are
transferred from Austria to Italy, the recent
dispute in the settlement of tbe peace treaty
not being as to the legality of that transfer,
but merely having reference to an overcharge
of the debt by Austria, which the Italian
government was unwilling to accede to; and,
still more curiously Thad. Stevens, in his re
cent speech, likened the present position of
Venetia to that of the Southern States.
The Radicals pronounce the late rebellious
States as having been out of the Union and a
government de facto, and aver that they arc
now reunited to it as territories conquest.
Viewing them in that light, the reunion will
have the same effect as two States hitherto
disconnected coining for the first time under
one government. With reference to such
union of two States, Gardner says (p. 50),
on the authority of Wheaton : “Every just
“obligation of such uniting State to pay
“foreign States or their citizens for in
juries done by the government de facto or
citizens of such uniting state, prior to
“such union, becomes, by the act of
“union and the formation ot a new sovereign
‘state, the debt and duty of the latter by the
“law of nations. This result follows irresis
tibly from the principles of common sense
‘and* public law, that tbe vested rights oi
‘foreign nations are not affected by any
“table, and the obligations that arise from it
“necessary and indispensable, nations eon nei-
“ther male any changes in it by their conventions,
'dispense xcithit in their oxen cornduet, nor re-
their northern masters would be the masters,
and we tbe slaves; the condition of the white
race in the British West India islands, as bad
as it is, would be happiness to ours; there the
gramme which jars sadly with tlieir doctrine could not more exactly have predicted what
of conquest. Under a conquest the confisca-! is now taking place.”
tion ot private property is not permissible. I <-•-*
Wc have already cited an authority which General Hardke.—This distinguished
declares that “ the rights of sovereignty and gentleman, formerly of the United States ar-
“public property only pass by cession or con- mj, and who acquired great renown in the
“quest; ’ and that “in neither case is private Confederate service, passed through, with his
property affected." In,Delanos vs. United I lady, on.lost-Saturday. No General in the
133,) the Supreme Court ot service was freer from the clap-trap and hum-
States, (9 Pet
the United States said: •* independent of
“treaty stipulations this right should be held
“sacred. The sovereign who acquires an in
habited territory acquires full dominion over
“it, but this dominion is never supposed to
“divest the vested rights of individuals to
property.” (Sec 7 Pet. 134, and Vuttel to
same effect.) And Chief-Justice Marshall, in
the case of the American Assurance Company
et al. vs. Canter (1 Pet. U. S. R. 542,) asserted
that conquest or cession only affects the po
litical relations of the inhabitants of tlie con
quered or ceded territory.
If the citizens of the United States are de
sirous of becoming liable for the Confederate
debt, they have nothing more to do than give
a hearty support to the Radicals; but if they
are satisfied that their present burdens are
as much as they ought to be called upon to
bear, then it is incumbent upon them to stand
by the Conservative party and the principles
promulgated by the National Union Conven
tion.
clap-trap i
buggery that is ever seeking for notoriety
and applause, than Cen. Unnlee. By nature
modest andi retiring, his military, literary'
and scientific acquirements are of tho highest
grade. From Shiloh to Chattanooga and
the surrender, he participated in all the great
battles of the “Army <jf the Tennsssce.” He
is tbe kind of man to be relied on, and will'
honorably, abide by the the terms of Iris pa
role. Such men as Hardee are not the fo-
menters of strife and faction.—Cairo Eetvo-
erat, 25th.
Cor. ot the New York Herald.
Store Evidence Against Judge Advocate
General Holt.
The evidence heretofore given to the world
by the correspondent ot the New York Her
ald, showing Judge Holt’s connection with
tlie perjured witnesses that have appeared
against Mr. Davis, is enough of itself to blast
a dozen men, and blast them forever. It is
some consolation to see that Mr. Holt shows
sufficient moral vitality to writhe under his
late exposure. The following letters will
produce fresh spasms:
Washington, Sept. 11.
The following letters, the genuineness and
truthfulness of which tee challenge the Judge
Advocate General to deny, will, we think, set
at rest the question, if there is any question
about it. whether that officer was one of the
conspirators, or only their Itupid catspaw:
Philadelphia, Dec. 13, 1865.
General: I am glad to be able to report
that I haw; succeeded beyond my expecta
tions. Besides the parties I had in view we
can count bn two, and, perhaps, four others,
who will testify to all that may be required.
After securing Harris, who will prove the
most important witness we have yet had, he
assured me that lie had several friends in
Harrisburg, whom he was confident would as
sist us, ana a® the expense would not be great
I deemed itadvisable to dispatch him at once
to confer with them. He is discreet and
shrewd, and no fears need be entertained of
his blundcrir^. I received a letter from him
this morning, which I enclose, and this after
noon I shall set out to examine the Dartics he
refers to. If satisfied that they will answer
our purpose I shall, as soon os I can get them
thoroughly posted, come on with them. I am
fearful, if I engage all that we have in hand,
that my funds will not bold out, so that you
had better send me §100 more, to be used if
needed. Direct your letter simply to Phila
delphia, as I put up from time to time where
I find it most convenient to keep track of the
witnesses already in hand.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. Conover.
Brig. Gen. Holt, Judge Advocate General.
The following is the'letter referred to as
being enclosed in the foregoing.
Harrisburg, Dec. 11, 1865.
Fnend Conover,—I saw Morgan the night
before last, and he is ready to go in up to
his neck, on the same conditions as myself.
Herman and Ross have both gone to New
York. We went yesterday to see the female
friends of Morgan’s whom he thought would
help us. AVe felt of them cautiously, and I
am satisfied they will swear anything you
want One whose husband ran away from
tlie draft to Canada knows Clay, and is down
on him like thunder, as he enlisted her hus
band for tbe rebel army and sent him South,
where he was killed. She has only been
back from Canada a few months. She says
she has heard Clay say that he was going to
have Lincoln put out of the way, and it may
be true. She seems serious about it. At any
rate, you have only to put in her mouth
what you want her to swear, and she will
spit it out in style. Their appearance is first
rate, and. if women will do you can’t get bet
ter ones. You better come right on and sec
them yourself. They are worth a trip heie
to see whether they will do or not. Pam
staying with Morgan, and will wait till I seo
or hear from you. Truly,
M. N. Harris.
The foregoing epistles are from the letter-
book of Conover, which came to our hands
with tlie letters ot Judge Holt and- others,
already published. Conover appears to have
kept a complete record of all letters written
and received by him in relation to this infa
mous business. The following is the reply ot
Judge Holt to the one given above:
War Depar’t, Bureau of Mil. Justice, 1
» Washington, Dec. 15, ’05. )
Mr. 8. Conover:
Dear Sir : Your letter of tbe 13th- inst.
lias been received. Enclosed please find
draft for §150, which I suppose will bo need
ed, from the number of witnesses you seem to
have in hand. Sign the receipts and return
them to me. Make all the haste you can;
but do your work thoroughly, and do not j
lose sight of any witness you may deem im
portant. naambell lias returned, having tijil-
To Stop- Bleeding From- the: Nose.—>
“Just put a piece of paper in your mouth,
chew it rapidly, .and. if will stop the bleeding
from the nose.” So says, a scientific paper,
and adds, “doubtless any substance would
answer the same purpose as paper, the stop
page of the flow of blood being caused no
doubt by the rapid motion of the jaws and
the counteraction of the muscles and arteries
connected with the jaws and nose. Physi
cians state that the placing of a small roll of
paper or muslin above the front teeth under
the upper lip, and pressing hard on the same
will arrest bleeding at the nose, cheeking the
pansage of blood to the arteries leading to the
nose.” ; * ,
Sudden Death.—It falls to our lot to re
cord the surfden death ot our highly esteem
ed citizen, Major Henry Mbor, that took place
in this city on yesterday morning; about half
past 10 o’clock.
The deceased occupied a high position as a
member of the bar of Georgia. He wasabout
48 or 50 years of age, and leaves, besides a
large circle of friends and acquaintances, an
interesting family to mourn their great be
reavement. He had been laboring under a
disease of the heart for some time, though for
a little while previous to his death, lie had
been enjoying, apparently, better health than
common.—Griffin Herald, 2d.
A -Colored Preaciier Not Allowed to
Express His Opinions.—The Opelousas Sen
tinel says that the Freedmcn’s Bureau there '
has ordered the Rev. Armisted Lewis v a col
ored Baptist Minister in that place, to aban
don preaching, and has suspended him from
his functions. The cause of this is that Air.
Lewis dec’ares that the Radicals are less the.
friends of the colored race than the Southern
men whom they wish to disfranchise, and ad
vised his hearers to choose the latter for their
friends and employers: Louisiana certainly
needs reconstruction!
£gT*A Western paper, states that twelve
hundred new freight cars and fifty new loco
motives are being added to tbe rolling stock
of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway.—
This road, on its different branches, will soon
have 130 passenger and baggage cars, 4300
freight cars, and 210 locomotives. It now has
1020 miles of main track open, and within a
year it will be completed to -the Missouri
river, and connect with the Pacific Railroad.
Tiie Newfoundland Line.—Not many
persons understand that the lines in New
foundland pass through a dense forest, and
in one case a continuous distance ot 250 miles.
Stations are established every 50 miles, and
jn case of a freshet, it becomes necessary in
making repairs to make a detour of fifty
miles into the interior to get across the
swollen streams. The public are unable to
understand why breaks are not sooner re
paired, but one who has tried a journey such
as the Newfoundland woods offer,.can readily
comprehend the delay. .
Sale of Real Estate Yesterdat.—There
were thirty-nine of the one hundred unim
proved lots of the Seago & Wallace property
sold yesterday at auction. The highest and
lowest figures obtained were -“J 1.700- and §80.
The latter was paid for a half acre lot* ineli
gible and badly situated. The highest fig
ure was for a two acre lot. The whole thir
ty-nine lots brought $12,000.
In addition to the above, four lots belong
ing to Mr. Niles were sold. They were one-
tliird to three-quarters of an acre in size. The
whole brought §2,300 and the purchaser
was offered §1,200 on his bargain before leav
ing tbe spat.—At. Intel., 4th.
Very Well Put.—Some one writes both
gracefully and forcibly:
“ I would be glad to see more parents un
derstand that when they spend money judi
ciously to improve and adorn the house and
tlie grounds around it, they are in effect pay
ing their children a premium to stay at home,
as much as possible, to enjoy it; but that
when they spend money unnecessarily in fine
clothing and jewelry for" their children, they
are paying them a premium to spend their
time away from homo—that is, in those
places wherejthey can attract the most atten
tion and make the most display.”
EemrsES of tub Sux.—On Monday, Oc
tober 8tli, there will be a partial eclipse of the
sun, which will be visible in New England
and in that part of the . State of New York
which is northeast of a lino drawp on a map
from the city of Rochester to the light house
on Fire Island, Long Island. This eclipse
will be the last of the sun visible in the
United States until the magnifleent. one ot
August 7th, 1869, when the shadow of the
moon will pass over n.id produce a total
eclipse in part of seven States
Brutal.—A correspondent of the Rich
mond (Virginia) Enquirer, writing from
Ruckersville, in Greene county, Virginia, says:
“ Last week an attempt was made to murder
an old man named Jarrett, in his neighbor
hood, by pouring nn ounce of hot lead into
his enr, and, strange to say, he escaped with
a bad hum.
The large Missionary ship Morning
Star, built at the expense of §25,000. and tbe
money obtained from the various Sunday
Schools around Boston, was launched in Kart
.... Boston on the 25tl){ in the presence of 10,000
of the University of Virginia, and well know n yidtors. The ship is to be employed in the
service of the American board of foreign Mi>-
sions. and will be commanded by tlie Kev.
‘changes in tlie government or internal con
stitution of a nation.” These principles j portnnt. Gompbell has returned, bavin
were recognized in the union of Belgium ! ed in his mission.
(which was conquered from France) with Very respectfully.
Holland in 1814. when the debts of the two Your obedient servant,
were formed into a common national debt.— \ . J. Holt,
John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State of Judge Advocate General,
tlie Lnited States in UHS* in giving the Pre?- Here we shall leave the subject, with the
ident’s instructions to Mr. Everett, our repre- dimple remark that the mission of Campbell
sentativc at the court of Holland, a-serts the inferred to in Judge Holt’s letter was the cn-
samc doctrine, nc says: "No principle o! t ] t . U yor to suborn a witn-ssinSt. Alban--, who
“international law can be more clearly ejtab- refused to “sell bis soul” for less than §3,000
lubed than this, that the rights and oldiga- *.hown in my letter of the Otli ultimo, and
“tions of a nation in regard to other States was onaccount of tho high price demanded,
“are indejiendent ot its internal revolutions no j
‘of government. It extends even to the case of ‘ ...
“eotrjutd.” Vattel lays down the same jjyprof. A. T. Bledsoe, A. M., LL. D„ late
rules of public law on this subject.
The word “State,” as applied in these qup- in America and in Europe as nn author and
ations, has the same meauing as “Nation,” scholar, is about to commence the publica-
under whatever form ot government it mav tion, in Baltimore, of aperiodical to becnllcd Hiram Bingham,
be established. * The Southern Review. It will be a quarter- _ 7*-
Tlie authorities which we have here quoted ly ot 230 pages octavo, and the first number , |y Twenty-five
indisputably prove that tho success of the is to be issued in January next.
hung at Three Fork:
Indians were
, for murder.
iccntly
