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THE GEORGIA WEEKLY TELEGRAPH.
On the Labor Question at tbe South.
JAH Essay.
WITH 8PKCIAL BEFEBESCE TO THE INTRODUC
TION OF GERMAN AGRICULTURISTS AND
laborers to the state op Georgia*
by “GERMAMCU3 ”
Respectfully Submitted to the Contention of
Planter*, from, the State of Georgia, Con
vened at Macon, Georgia, Sept. Oth, 1860,
Gentlf.mej}; The most serious question
• 'which can possibly come before you. in the
cause of your contemplated deliberations, is
howto supply the needful laboring element
ot our social organisation: the element winch
is justly recognized as the very corner-stone
of a nation’s prosperity. Conferring in •pint
with an assemblage ofpractica men, the rep
resentatives of the agricultural interest of a
ereat State, who are most intimately convers
ant with the necessities of those interests,
nnd who have all bitteriy felt the issues of the
late frightful struggle and its killing effect
upon our welfare, I am spared tlie tusk of de-
monstrating the decreased efficiency of the
freedman as a laborer or even as a domestic.
The war having earned off many thousands
of negroes, especially the able bodied, by it-
self has caused a marked diminution in the
number of laborers, peace has been even
more ruinous to the race. Henceforth de
pendent upon themselves, no longer experi
encing the kindness of a good master or a
gentle mistress, particularly in the hour of
sickness, freedom has delivered the negroes
to the roughness and sorrows of life, without
guidance or aid of nobler and higher minds.
Their liberators look upon them ns fit vie-
tiros lor spoliation and tools ’for political
speculations; those who really wish them well,
their former owners, have been brought to
poverty and sore distress, they can offer them
nothing but sympathy; sympathy, which the
race, in its excesses ot liberty has done its
best to perfect. If even in the case of the
superior race, the aon, when he departs from
bis father’s home; the daughter, when she
leaves behind a mother's protecting care, need
for a season the prolonged advice and aid of
those who have already graduated in the
school of life, how much more must we sup-
-Tic inferior in intellect, deprived of
S al nnd steady purpose, to require now
rection of which the inconsiderate
unstatesmanlike or barbarous act of the
.Northern people forcibly deprived him ?—
•The sad effects of peace upon the black race,
bringing freedom unappreciated and misun
derstood, are everywhere apparent; idleness
has demoralized it, scourges and debauchery
have thinned its ranas. The soldier of his
own color has been removed from the neigh
borhood of the negro; with him went the
most injurious of influences upon the race,
still; the evil effects have continued and are
plainly seen in the smallness of our crops for
the past two years. A thousand ominous
signs reluctantly compel ns to fear that in
due time the laws of nature will assert them
selves on all their pristine strength, that the
negro will disappear from among us, that the
race will be obliged to give way to a health
ier organization, and that its doom in North
America was sealed with the fatal girt of free
dom.
But,iwere any one to demonstrate to our
entire satisfaction (as some are attempting to
do) that as soon as the disorganizing causes
now operating against the efficiency of the
freed negroes have eiftirely disappeared, the
race will become, industrious, steady, sober,
and in due time intelligent^ and that we are
morally bound, because it served us for 200
years, not to discard it—do we intend that
our country remain as sparsedly populated
as it now is, that two-thirds of it rest a wil-
• demess, that it be .forever crippled, undevel
oped and inferior in power, to the North ?—
For that is precisely what those, who would
.confine us to the negro ns an agricultural
laborer, desire. They do not wish us to pro
gress, they would .rather see us retrograde
. and become as contemptible as some of
the nations, who, with us inhabit this part of
the world, [that they may centralize us the
more easily, and finally incorporate us with
blessed Yankccdom. When a Northern gen-
era! told tlie people ot Georgia* that the
white man cannot labor at the South, that
• therefore the South must be forever content
with the negro: if he really felt assured of
what he said, he convicted himself and he ac-
.cused his whole nation of the crime of hav
ing fought to destroy that very laboring sys
tem which he and his people were all along
solemnlv convinced was the life-blood of tlieir
fellow-citizens of tlie South guaranteed to
them by the constitution.
But to what purpnsq labor these Northern
-speakers apd newspapers to produce tlie con-
-vietion in those- -interested that flic South is
no country for white laborers ? And why are
• the-newspapers of Germany filled with omin
ous paragraphs headed “Warning to Emi
grants," (all the work of Northern agents,)t
•m which we are-represented ns the most bar-
•barous nation in existence, nnd in which un-
-sopliisticated Gorman peasants are told that
if they come here they will be treated as it is
-said, slaves were formerly, meaning,.thereby,
•that upon the very slightest provocation, they
are in danger of being cuffed, flogged, starv
ed and indiscriminately butchered ! Because
the Northern Radicals know that the recove
ry of the South from cruel wounds and the
complete development of Southern resources,
with the rcnssertion of Southern statesman
ship, means the slipping of power from the
liands of the North to those of the South,
forever and as long as there shall be a united
country. Then I have no doubt tlie North
will be entirely in favor of tlie doctrine of se
cession. So deeply conscious are they of this
danger, that all their • talents are massed
against us, and that all their engines are at
work to neutralize and destroy us. They had
in truth sufficient admonitory symptoms to
cause reflection long before the last struggle
broke out; tlie dread which was thereby oc
casioned became one of the chief causes of a
war, born in envy, fostered in hatred and con
summated withNorthern barbarity. When
one single agricultural staple was. enabled to
exert a most powerful influence in the Gov
ernment of the United States, when but bare
ly one-fourth of the soil of the South was in
cultivation with but two millions of laborers
to tend it, wbat must become of the future
power of the South when the ravages of war
shall be healed and waste fields made pro
ductive, immense forest made to yield trib
ute from a generous soil and our vast miner
al interests in course of development; when
the valleys of the South shall be settled by
millions of thrifty nnd intelligent whites?—
;Nor are they forgetful of the facts, that we
>kave the best grazings in the Union, that our
£tock out number theirs, and that we, during
? r , exhausting war, were tully able to raise
ot*? bread stuffs. It does not escape their
observation that besides cotton we may in
our-own mild climate make staples of sugar,
. tobacco and rice, and that with proper care,
• in many localities, we would raise our own tea,
coffee and indigo, with numerous products
and trees which would not flourish at the
North.
• See speech of Federal General Tillson before
<he Georgia Convention, in the fall of 1865, at
Milled gorilla-
+ Tho writer .recently received a letter from
•Germany, dated .Juno 12th, ISM, in which was a
cut containing a mast atrocious libel against
the South, reprinted from some Northern sheet
The following is taken from a German paper.
*Everj where in America and in Germany tho
press endearers to step the infamous trading in
poor Germans that is now going on in all the
Southern States whoever is no longer satisfied
with oyr own beautiful and happy father land
where proportionaly labor fa si well remunerat
ed as in America may go to the free North but
never into a Southern State, and consequently
not to Missouri, where the planters embittered on
account of the emancipation laws are waiting
with their brandished whips for the white laborer
who la to cultivate tlieir fields, and who in living
in the cabins abandoned by former slaves will
virtually became slaves themselves without any
hope of redemption, except by the redemption
of death, fur there is no protection by the tribu
nal where in oivil eases D)u juror* are selected
among elavcholdcrl,"
One year ago the Radicals began to threat
en that they would compel the South to give
to the negro the elective franchise, honing
thereby to raise up in our midst a party which
would do their bidding unhesitatingly.
This they also depended upon in checking a
future immigration to the South; for they
well knew that if they can be successful m
this movement, no effort of ours will be like-
lv to overcome the natives repugnance. Eu
ropeans will have to associate upon terms of
political equality with an inferior race; and
that a serious blow would be dealt by it to
*ur future national prosperity. When we
remember the great number ot Germans sup
porting the Radicals, it would seem to appear
a contradiction when I say the Germans will
also participate in this repugnance, this con
tradiction is only apparent as I hope to show
hereafter. The plans of the Radical go furth
er still. As soon as they would have in their
hands tho control of the South,[no efforts of
tbeirs would be wanting to develope her re
sources. New England would emigrate to
the South and gladly exchange her barren
rocks and piercing North Easters for the fruit
ful soil and gentle zephyrs of tlie South.—
What a grand day then for New England na
bobs and New England schoolmistresses, no
tions and fanaticism, what a low state of de
gradation lor the once proud and mighty son
of tlie sunny South! Honor, patriotism, our
very existence call us to defeat these nefarious
schemes of our enemies; it may now be done
by a wise, determined and united effort to
draw hither the strength, wealth and indus
try of Europeans. To further enlarge upon
this theme would bo to enter -the domain of
pure politics.
The necessity for the augmentation and
reorganization of our laboring system having
been supported in some measure by tlie re
marks preceding, I now will give a short ac
count of wbat has already been done in this
matter.
The efforts to predispose our people favor
ably to tlio reception of immigrants date
from the day when the last Confederate army
surrendered. Eminent and 'thinking men in
almost every State of the South lie-
stowed attention upon this subject; and
whatever little practical results have as yet
been realized, it cannot be said that we, as a
people, are unfavorable to the reception of
foreigners and the establishment of a system
of immigration; for sad experience now
forces upon us the conviction that we must
obtain sufficient and efficient laborers from
somewhere. But, os yet, no united efforts Lave
been made to bring about this desirable ob
ject State Legislatures have done nothing.
No agricultural conventions have as yet taken
place since the war. In Virginia and South
Carolina alone, os far as I know, have immi
gration companies been chartered; but none
of these companies have as yet commenced
actual operations. Relying upon Northern
subscriptions and capital rather than their
own exertions, they have failed: for it is not
tlie policy of Northern capitalists to aid us in
diverting the stream of immigration from
their own to our country, and no investments
will be made by them which do not promise
returns so large as to double the original cap
ital within the course of a few years. Re
turns and dividends which we, in our ex
hausted state, would deem remunerative, are
there considered insignificant. One South
ern emigration company, at least, failed de
servedly. As it entered tlie Northern market
without having a single acre ot land upon
which to begin operations, it would, of course,
not obtain one single dollar of money for
shares in prospective lands; and its course, as
soon as discovered, has furthermore been an
injury to the prospects of Southern industrial
societies at the North. But I think the great
est injury to the prospects of immigration, by
lowering it in the eyes of our own people, has
been done by the desultory efforts of indi
vidual planters in many Southern States.
These gentlemen—public-spirited and enter
prising though they were—have, neverthe
less, taken a wrong course to secure European
laborers, and now rue their action, huving
sustained a serious loss in money, and are un
doubtedly looking upon the efforts of intro
ducing foreign farmers with a very unfavora
ble eye. These planters sought to obtain in
New York what they should have looked for
in tlie rural districtsof Germany. The money
they have sunk here would have inaugurated
the movement abroad. New York city was,
and probably still is, swarming with thou
sands of discharged soldiers, ot all national
ities, who found it exceedingly difficult to
obtain work in that city, or whose inclina
tions did not tend toward industry at all.
From these men agents readily secured as
many as they needed to send down South;
but it must be obvious, few were agricultural
laborers and husbandmen, but for the most
part simply vagabonds, who, glad of a change,
went anywhere. Honest nnd industrious
farmers need not loiter a bout New York city,
they can find enough of occupation, at fair
wages and good treatment, in the Western
States. Worthless fellows, whom nobody
wishes to have at the North, were thought
good enough for the South. Ruinous results
are unavoidable whenever labor rests upon
such a basis of bad material. These results
having found their way into the public press,
have by many been accepted as conclusive
evidence that white labor will not do. at the
South, while they were simply misdirected
efforts, bound to fail, and which can, in no
way. effect the general question. These “dis
heartening proofs," as I have heard them
named, were experiments based upon wrong
premises; our incorporate societies had to be
disabused by Northern capitalists of the fond
delusion that they will lend money on small
profits and to the injury of their local farm
ing interest, (by sending to us emigrants they
themselves need.) Our planters have con
fided too much in the honesty of Northern
agents to send them really good laborers,
when said agents only cared for their com
missions; or, when Southern agents under
took nn impossibility by engaging to send
from tlie North emigrants just arrived, who
had, with hardly any exception, made up
their minds long ago in tbeir old homes
where to establish themselves in the New
World.
It has been said at the North, and I have
heard Southern men join in that opinion, that
a white man cannot labor in our climate. If
God had really cursed this country to such a
degree as to make the fair regions of the South
an unfit habitation for the white man, it were
useless to say another word. Where white
men live, they have been able to labor for
their support. It would be a hard matter to
demonstrate how these colonies could ever
have been settled by white men, had it not
been possible for them to raise what they
consumed with tlieir own hands. Were this
so unfortunate a country, no white agricultu
ral native laborers could now be found here.
Probably two-thirds of the men who consti
tuted the Confederate armies were accustomed
to labor in the field or in the woods, managing
their own small farms. The entire populai
tion on the slopes of tlie Southern Allcgha-
nics is composed of such men. Since the
war, many of those who belonged to tlie other
third, who had never labored in the fields—
whose fortune formerly was ample to allow
them every comfort of life—now, when home
less and broken in fortune, have taken to the
plough, the hoe and the spade. Every one of
us have read of Confederate generals even
working in the field—exchangin'', like Cin-
cinnatns, for the sword the ploughshare, and
becoming disciples of Tubsl Cain. But let
us go back to testimonials famished by.the
colonial history of Georgia, and hear what
the German and Highland settlers said in 1738
to General Oglothorpe, when they petitioned
him not to allow the introduction of slaves,
which measure was strongly advocated and
finally carried by the less energetic English
settlers.* “ Though it is here,’’ they go on to
say, “a hotter climate than our native coun
try, yet it is not so extremely hot as we were
told on our first arrival. Since we ared used
to the country, we find it tolerable, and for
working people very convenient—settling
themselves to work early in the morning till
10 o’clock, and in the afternoon from 3 till
sunset. Having businc-rs at home, we do it it at
our houses in tho middle of the day, till the
greatest heat is over. People in Germany arc
•HUtoiy of Georgia, by T. 8. Arthur and W. H.
Carpenter. 1856. p. <8.
hindered by frost and snow in the winter from
doing any work in the fields and vineyards,
but wo have the preference to do tho most
and heaviest work at such a time, preparing
the ground sufficiently for planting in the
spring. At first, when the ground has to be
cleared of trees, brushes and roots, and fenced
in carefully, we undergo some hard labor;
but it becomes easier and more pleasing when
the hardest trial is o'ver, and our plantations
are better regulated.”
This testimony, os to the possibility of Ger
man farmers succeeding here, appears to me
veiy strong, especially when we consider that
the colony was within twenty Miles of the
scacoast, in a region oppressively hot in the
dog days. It also shows the advantages of
Southern over Northern climate, for the cli
mate of the Northwestern States is nearest
to that of Central and South Germany. But
we must not expect impossibilities trom tho
human constitution, and fancy that a foreigner
can pass from a not inconsiderable change of
cold to warmth without some evil effect, in
volving to some degree discomfort. and even
illness. This is what is comprised in the term
acclimation, and is generally weighed by all
who go to a foreign climate. A probation ot
tliis kind is best sustained by the Germans,
by reason of their well known abstinence
from distilled liquors—the most destructive
agent the human constitution may encounter
in a hot climate: Instead of it they will in
troduce their mild beers and mall prepara
tions containing tonics essentially needed by
us; and in favorable localities the production
of light wine will be greatly stimulated.
I do not believe that the German will thrive
where natives have to retire during part of
the year, near our 6wamp lands on the sea-
coast and in tlie malaria districts adjacent to
the Mississippi river, before a thorough sys
tem of drainage bos been established. This
will require many years. In the meantime
the negro laborer is fast removing to those
very regions from our midst; and even from
the Western States wc have complaints of the
increase of negroes by immigration.* In a
few years a veiy marked decline in the num
ber of negro laborers will be felt in the States
of Virginia, North and South Carolina, Geor
gia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and probably in
Alabama, and place the agricultural interest
of that large territory on a still more precari
ous footing. It is to those States, therefore,
that we must, for the present, look for a united
effort to bring about the immigration move
ment. In all of them, with the exception of
a few eountics in each, it is generally con
ceded the foreign emigrant may settle with
advantage. And, west of the Missi^ippi
river, the States of Arkansas and Texas offer
wide fields to tbc emigrant. The States of
Missouri, Mary land. Tennessee, Kentucky, Ar
kansas and Texas have already enjoyed and
will now reap the benefits of European emi
gration. In passing our eye over the differ
ent nations which inhabit the European coun
tries with reference to their progress in agri
culture, we note, pre-eminently first tbc En
glish, and then the German farmers. In Eng
land proper agriculture has received the very
highest state of development, and in Germa
ny the most remarkable progress has been
made in recent yearn. By combining scien
tific ingenuity with practical experiments in
agriculture, results have been obtained which
now leave far behind the imperfect, rad.' me
thods ot cultivation universally prevalent
scarce fifty years since. I need only to recall
the name of Liebig to prove the fact. These
two nations—England and Germany—would
then appear to offer the best fields wherefrom
to recruit our shattered laboring and firming
system. Leaving the elucidation of the high
qualities of the English agriculturalist to n
pen better conversant with the national char
acter of the pfeople of Great Britain, I devote
myself solely to German characteristics.
“ The Germans,” says the Encyclopedist, |
in physical development, stand superior to
either the Latin or the Slavic race. Their
frame and their muscular development are
strong, almost heavy. As a general thing,
the Northerners are taller and of better
shaped features and limbs than the Soutiiern-
crs. The prominent features of the German
national character are honesty, faithfulness,
valor, thoughtfulness, perseverance and in
dustry. The German is patient, conserva
tive. inoffensive, and hence always ready to
allow himself to be deceived by vain prom
ises of his rulers. He favors a moderate en
joyment of the pleasures of social life; and
of a scientific turn of mind, the Germans
have largely promoted tlie progress of human
knowledge. In point of fact, there is scarcely
a single branch of science in which Germans
have not excelled. The German artisan is
highly valued for liis dexterity and steadi
ness.”
Rational agnculturet has improved the
natural condition of the soil in a high de
cree. By it the products of agriculture have
ieen nearly doubled since 1810. All German
States possess agricultural colleges, some of
which enjoy a world-wide reputation. The
methods of cultivation arc, however, differ
ent in different portions of the country. The
triennial and gradrienuial rotation of crops
arc most in use. According to the first me
thod, winter grain is raised in the first year,
spring grain in the second, and potatoes,
; pulse or fodder, in the third year. Accord-
ng to the second method, recommended by
Timer, a grain crop is always followed liy a
crop of fodder or pulse. In some of the Nor
thern States crops of grain are raised upon n
certain portion of the farm for several suc
cessive years, after which the field is allowed
to lie fallow for from three to seven years, ac
cording to the number of lots into which the
form is divided. In Mcckleburg agriculture
approaches to horticulture.
“As to domestic animals,! a good breed of
horses is raised in Mecklcburg, Holstein and
Hanover. Cattle raising is the most impor
tant branch of husbandry in Oldenburg, tho
northwest part of Hanover, Franconia and
the Alpine country. Sheep arc raised ex
tensively in Saxony, Silesia and Bradcnburg.
Saxony furnishes the finest quality of wool.
Goats, mules and asses arc raised principally
in the mountainous districts of the South*;
hogs in all States, but chiefly in the West.
All kinds of grain$ and fruit belonging to the
Temperate Zone are raised in Germany—rye,
barley, oats, potatoes, peas and beans, every
where; maize principally in the South; wheat
in the South and West; buckwheat in the
North; millet in the Southeast; rapcsced.
poppy, anise and cummin, in tlie Central and
Northwestern districts. The largest grain
fields are in Wurtemberg, the smallest in
Mecklenburg. * Moravia, Bavaria, Wurtem
berg, Saxe, Altenburg, Alecklenburg, Hol
stein, &c., produce a larger quantity of bread-
stuffs than is required for home consumption;
while Tyrol, Lower Austria, Saxony, and some
of the Saxon duchies, are importers of bread-
stuffs. Flax and hemp, madder, woad and
saffron, are cultivated more in the South and
centre regions than in the North. Tobacco
is extensively raised (even for transportation
to other tobacco growing countries) on the
Upper Rhine, the Wcrra and Oder, and in
Bradcnburg. nops of an excellent quality
are furnished by Bohemia, Bavaria and Bruns
wick. Beets ore used in enormous quanti
ties for the manufacture of beet sugar, and
their cultivation has almost entirely super-
ceded the grain culture in the Prussian pro
vinces of Saxony, Anhalt, Hesse Darmstadt,
Southern Bavaria and Bohemia. Chicory is
a substitute for coffee, nnd is raised in the
country between the Elbe and Wcser rivers.
In garden culture, Wurtemburg, Bavaria,
Hesse nnd the Saxon duchies hold tho high
est rank. The fruit raised on tho banks of the
Rhine and Ncekur, in Saxony and North
west Bavaria, is of the very best quality found
anywhere. Peaches nnd figs ripen only in
localities protected from the cold. The ap
ples of Bohemia and Saxony are of the choicest
kind, and are exported to Russia in large
quantities. Marron chestnuts, almonds, &c.,
are raised in the Southwestern States; oranges,
fig 8 ! pomegranates, lemons, ifcc., only in Tyrol
and Illyria. Great attention is paid to the
improvement of fruit. In all the States there
are pomological societies which, from time to
time, hold national conventions. Thcculture
of the vine is well known and very extensive;
altogether the vineyards of Germany cover an
area of nearly 510,000 acres, and the value of
tlio crop in favorable season comes near $25,-
000,000.
Of all the European countries, Germany lias
the oldest manufoctures.1 Within the last
century it has fallen, in regard to the extent
of its mechanical pursuits, behind England
and Belgium; but within twenty or thirty
years it has advanced rapidly, and is now in
a fair way to recover its former position. The
they were always agitators. Receiving no
flattery or sympathy at the South, tlieir are
was turned against your institutions, and that
Northern party which could hold out to them
tlio highest reward received tlie questionable
compliment of tlieir unstable support. They
being, for the most part, men who have had
the benefits of education, even if they did
not turn those benefits to the fullest advan
tages—having amoDg them dismissed or dis
heartened students, spendthrifts, bankrupts,
dismissed officers, and the like—exerted an
influence over tlie second and by far the purest
class of German emigrants—the small farm-
*See Indianapolis Herald of Augnft21,1866.
| Mew American Cyclopaedia. Nor York: D.
Appleton & Co., 1859: voL vUL, p. 200.
tiarne: p. 204.
JSawc: p. 203.
{Same: page 204.
centres of German industry are the Kingdom era and mechanics—who, not having the
of Saxony, Westphalia and Rhenish Prussia, 1 •*■—““ ♦» “** , “-*■**•“
Moravia and Bohemia. The linen manufac
ture stands highest in Saxony, Silesia and
Rhenish Prussia. Cotton mills are numerous
in all the Zollvercin (Custom’s Union) States.
They required, in 1858, 1,109,190 cwt. (227,—
297 bales at 400 pounds each.) of raw cotton,
and 557,527 cwt. ot cotton yarn. The Ger
man provinces of Austria had, in 1857, one
hundred and sixty-four cotton mills, with
1,408,752 spindles. How the woolen manu
facture of Germany has been increased by the
Custom’s Union may be seen from the fact
that, in 1825, Germany exported to England
alone 280,000 cwt. of raw wool, while in 1851
tlie quantity of woolen yarn imported into
Germany amounted to 340,000 cwt., nnd the
quantity exported to 90,000 cwt, leaving not
less than 250,000 cwt. as the nett import of
raw material. In tlie same year the quantity
of woolen cloth exported amounted to 120,000
cwt The German silk fabrics equal in qual
ity the French and English. The principal
manufactures are in Prussia, Austria and Sax
ony. As much is consumed as exported. Pa
per manufacture has made considerable pro
gress. In some fabrics of wood, as the choicest
kind of cabinet furniture, Germany stands un-
equnlled, and is a large exporter to all coun
tries of the world. The iron manufacture
has of late considerably increased. In 1854,
2,193,839 cwt. of iron were mined in Prus
sia, and 3,381,169 cwt. in 1857, an increase in
four years of 44 per cent. Still, the consump
tion has increased in a higher ratio, there hav
ing been imported in 1854 2,650,308 cwt, and
1857, 4,793,486 cwt, an increase of 80 per
cent. The best iron and steel wares are man
ufactured in Rhenish Prussia, Saxony, Bohe
mia and Styria. The machine shops of Prus
sia, Saxony, Bavaria, Baden and Austria ri
val, if they do not excel, the largest establish
ment of the kind in England. In 1858 a ma
chine shop at Berlin, established in 1837,
turned out its one-thousandth locomotive.
Other important branches of industry are
gold and silver wares, glass wares, leather,
porcelain; musical, geometrical and astro
nomical instruments, clocks, &c. Brewing is
one of the most extensive branches of indus
try, especially in bavaria. The manufacture
of beet sugar has increased wonderfully with
in the last twenty years. There were, on May
1st, 1857, in the States of the Custom's Union,
two hundred and thirty-two beet sugar man
ufacturing establishments, which, during the
nine months preceding, had made 1,800,000
cwt of sugar from 23,421,179 cwt of,beets.
At the same time the Austrian provinces had
about titty establishments, producing 860,000
cwt. of sugar.”
I have taken the above statements purpose
ly from an American authority, lest, in my
endeavors to bring before you a fair account
of what the Germans are and can produce, I
might lie accused of prejudice in fayor of my
countrymen.
The first thing to be done by you and those
Southern States which wish to draw within
their borders the industrious nnd skilled Ger
man, is to remove from their minds in Ger
many the prejudices against Southern climate
and national character, which, long before,
during and after the lute war, it has been tbe
Um remitted labor ot your detractors und ene
mies to foster and intensify. I have already
stated to you to what extent this is operating
against the South at this very day, and it
needs no prophet to tell you that, unless coun
teracted, it will be of tbe most serious injury
to you. While we had cur own laboring sys
tem untouched and expanding, satisfying all
our agricultural demands, we had no imme
diate practical interest in working to defeat
misrepresentation; wc could afford to let the
North and Europe talk ; but this patience on
oar part encouraged them, nnd wire destined
to produce bitter fruits during the last war—
three hundred millions of dollars furnished
by tlie Frankfort Jews to the American Gov
ernment for our subjugation, and a hundred
thousand duped German victims to fight us.
Sow, the same agencies are at work to deprive
us of the advantages of immigration; now,
oir future prosperity nnd good name abroad
imperatively demand that efforts be made to
place our national characteristics and pros
pects prominently before the eyes of Euro
peans. Let us take advantage of the high
position in which we stand abroad as regards
bravery. Tlie gallantry of the South has made
her many friends, and her unsurpassed suf
ferings created many sympathizers. If we
now permit the unprincipled press of the
North to have full sway, wc must not be sur
prised if tho old prejudices against us arc re
membered and usurp the place of noble emo
tions. During the war already efforts were
made to inaugurate such a movement. Some
of our best minds advocated it, and, in a let
ter to me, the most eminent Presbyterian di
vine of the South—the Rev. B. M. Palmer, of
New Orleans—said, in 1865, that he could not
“doubt that such a mission would accom
plish untold benefits to tlie Confederacy, not
only during the pending of the present war,
but still more in laying the foundation offuture
intercourse between ourselves and the European
world, when peace should stray her gentle scep
tre over our trouble<1 land." “ But it is of no
use to try,” a great many will say, “ to shake
these deepscatcd prejudices, liecause it will
be impossible.” If it could not be done by
persuasion and a temperate and lucid state
ment of real facts, may it not be achieved by
the all-powerful engine of self-interest f—tor I
think it can be demonstrated to the Germans
that it is for their benefit nnd interest to come
and settle among us. But I am by no means
disposed to surrender the possibility of doing
a great deal by talking and reasoning with
the Germans. They love tho truth, and for
that reason will listen to you. I confess I
have not much hope of changing the educa
tion of those Northern-German Yankees, and
convince them that they are, and always have
been, mere tools in the hands of the fanatics;
nor do I think it necessary now or desirable,
for my plans do not embrace' their political
conversion; it would, in truth, be nearly as
hopeless as to bring over to our side the live
Yankee himself. But among the moral pop
ulation of Germany is still a fair field for our
labors.* To show you hote it was that Ger
mans of the North and Germans trom abroad
were pitted against you, and to possibly re
move some of your very natural prejudices,
under these circumstances, I cannot
do better than repeat hero what
said on that point in a former paper: “As a
native of Germany, having left my homo
when old enough to know something of the
character ot her people, I may be excused if
I present some ot my views, in order to show
that a change in the sentiments of the Ger
man people is by no means us hopeless as you,
with many of your countrymen, may believe;
and that those who have appeared in arms
against you are mostly victims of Northern
duplicity, and havo therefore some excuse—
nay, arc certainly entitled to some commise
ration.
“ The Germans who lived, before tho war,
at the North principally belonged to one of
two classes: first, political exiles, disappoint
ed demagogues, atheists and red republicans—
the political dregs of Germany—who, for the
most part, embittered against all society,
aimed at nothing less than the overthrow of
the social system based upon order, labor and
Blanc and Victor Hugo. They readily be
came willing tools in the hands of those un
principled and aspiring abolitionists and pol-
: ticians of tho North who have caused this
war. Discontented here, os well as at htf me,
(Same: page204.
•Still, wonders happen now and then in these
unbelieving times. As such I consider the vote
cast at LonisTiUe, Ky., this month, by the Radical
German! in favor ot the Democratic ticket. Sach
a result, says the Louisville Courier, was entirely
unexpected by us.
means to settle at the South, or fearing the
ravages of tho Southern climate, went where
land and labor were cheapest and the climate
was most like their own. Me cannot justly
throw any blame upon their choice, for, whe
ther wisely or not, you had given them no
encouragement whatever to seek a home
amongst you. This question, however, is
foreign to our subject.
“ These two classes combined against you
at the beginning of the war. They kept up
the enthusiasm until General Lee punished
General McClellan before Richmond. They
are not in the list now. Their spirits are
long since broken. Tlie first class, controll
ing the German press at the North, has been
disappointed in the expectation of political
rewards. Northern politicians will not seek
their support for the next four years to come.
In short, they are disgusted, ami now pour
out their phials of wrath upon Lincoln’s ad
ministration. The second class—honest, cre
dulous farmers and mechanics—have had
tlieir illusions of our El Dorado completely
dispelled through the development of Nor
thern character. They now are nothing but
forced and unwilling supporters of the war.
The draft and, Lincoln’s consolidated power
to keep them in subjection as long as they re
main to be dratted from, they will still be
soldiers. They are rapidly descending to tlie
condition of serls, and now hopelessly yearn
for peace. I submit to you a suggestive ex
tract from a letter of a German friend of
mine living North, written but recently:
“ With all our income, we nevertheless wish
most ardently for peace, and, with us, the
great majority of our countrymen; but our
sordid central government, liercft of all no
bility, has sunk the country already so deeply
into disgrace and misery that the blessings ot
peace, to us, seem as a fairy tale—as a tiling
belonging to the realm of impossibility. How
different, in comparison, ycur government
appears; everything thero seems harmony and
order; and, although wo ought to condemn
your President as the destroyer of the glori
ous work of Washington, our hate changes
to admiration when we contemplate how he,
in three years, has made' a people, entirely
dependent upon the North, totally selt-sus-
taining. Still more admirable are tbe spirit,
the sacrifices and the unanimity of the South.
As I here write to you, several independent
German papers have already dared to speak.”
The second portion of Germans, for whom
it remains to me to say a word, are those im
ported, like cattle, to the slaughter-pens of
Virginia. They are, in my humble opinion,
entirely innocent; they are duped victims of
Northern depravity, inhumanity, and of tlie
disregard of the most sacred moral obliga
tions. Careful enquiry among four hundred
German soldiers of the Foreign Legion, now
in this city.t has disclosed to me facts well
worth knowing. There are in all portions ot
the Germanic Confederation agents—many of
them returned Germans—who apparently have
plenty of money at their disposal. These
renegades hold out to the honest young peas
ants most extravagant promises of pecuniary
reward for service in their respective trades ; to
tlie agriculturist, the possession of a magnifi
cent farm, far away out West, safe from the
tumults of war, where he need only deposit
tlie seed to be blessed with an abundant har
vest ; the mechanic is persuaded by extraor
dinary rates of compensation, such as his
wildest imagination would not have aspired
to; the discharged soldier, and the stripling
not yet old enough to be a soldier, are blind
ed by false hopes of honor and gold to be
gained, and their passions are influenced by
recitals of tlie “ beauty and booty” to be won.
These latter cases are. however, the least fre
quent. Money is paid to them in advance;
they are, as soon as paid, shipped to the sea
port, whence chartered English vessels take
them to America. One party of six hundred
young Germans landed at Portland, Maine,
in September, 1863. Not one of them had en
listed as a soldier—not one, indeed, had the
slightest suspicion that four weeks after he
would lace Confederate bullets on Virginia
soil. They were, immediately upon landing,
received by a lorce of police, marched to the
custom-house, nnd, after being feasted there,
forwarded under guard to Boston, where
their future Colonel administered to them the
military oath, of which nine-tenths did not
understand one single word. Before, how
ever, this interesting ceremony took place at
the metropolis of New England virtue, they
were again feasted, liquor flowed in abun
dance, and hired harlots waited upon them.
The next morning they were en route to
Alexandria, Virginia, escorted by a strong
guijrd, and without any stoppage. Among
these men were many who had never held
musket in tlieir bands. Two weeks in a camp
of instruction were deemed sufficient to make
of them drilled and disciplined soldiers.
Their slaughter, nnd the escape of but a few,
who now curse their fate, gives tlie last touch
of this dark picture of Northern infamy. One
most important fact remains to be told. All
those whom I have questioned never heard
of any one who attempted to vindicate the
Southern Cause in Germany, nor did they re
ceive the slightest intimation, through either
public or private sources, of the outrageous
deception, tbe victim ot which they were so
soon to be. This explains why there are one
hundred thousand Germans in the Northern
ranks.”
This appears to me the fittest place to say
something of the likelihood of the evil ef
fects upon German immigration, should the
Radicals succeed in giving to the negro the
elective franchise. I stated that there was an
apparent contradiction when I express my
opinion that should that happen the German
would not like to live here, when wc look up
on the masses of Germans who support the
Radicals. The German who comes here has
generally an ideal impression of, and no ac
tual acquaintance with, liberty. Neither
poverty nor want drives him away from home,
but tbc yearning to “ live under the free skies
of America.” Born amid the remnants of
feudalism, nursed in despotism, with an al
most innate dread of what is called govern
ment, S3 soon as ho is able to comprehend
how much happier he might be “ under those
free skies,” this yearning begins, and is not
satisfied until he makes the actual expert
ment. Soon, alas! the scales fall from the
eyes of most Gradually comprehending what
liberty at tlie North really means, but totally
ignorant as to the South, he receives all his
impressions from his political teachers; and
as Northern liberty is lowered in his estima
tion, that ot the South sinks in proportion to
the false impression lie has received. He
hates the very name of despotism; hence, in
days past, without ever inquiring into the
real status of the negro, he looked at the ab
stract of slavery alone; could never compre
hend that his own dependent state upon his
Prince was actually not much better than the
relation of the negro to his master—that the
strongly marked division of caste kept him
in his own class of society at home as thcYe-
gro was kept here. That this ignorance made
S im a ready prev for Northern politicians—
lat his sympathies were easily excited and
his feelings tuned to hatred against the in
stitution—can be perceived. The exceeding
defective state of political education of mass
es, elsewhere as well as in Germany, lies at the
nifies. With the great masses of the Germans
of 1848, liberty meant absolute liberty, abso
lute equality and fraternity; when they came
North, they naturally embraced Radicalism,
villages these machines have been
by societies, and are accessible to alf!S^
bers. Veryfrequently, by mean,of
, , . - . - icalism, narriage, &c_ farmers have ^
an absolute uprooting of all existing institu-1 tracts of lands, and c irrv nn
«■«*•«° -W;Sj-XS f B-
from the village; the smaller farmer, *
boys and girls finding sufficient
tend to tbeir own crop and work
cr tanner too. rt nt
Again, government domains are _
over all the German States TT,** 1 ' 1
many model farms; for, leased l./I 1
eminent to men only who have7/•
scientific eductation *in one of the ,
rnl colleges, for which Germany if"
celebrated, operations arc there -:, *
upon the most successful principle/
domninshave, frequently an area of
in cultivation,with out-buildingsand,
of machinery complete, and great 1,
stock. On one ot these domains in
I saw a field of one thousand acre-
for the sugar manufactory on the r
Flocks of a thousand sheep are not
mon.
Here, again, the small farmers an ,i
families may find occupation
all Spring and Fall Anotb
But 'the social distinctive features arc not
altered. Whoever is conversant with the his
tory of the German people knows that they
are distinct, pure of foreign elements in lan
guage and national character, and have been
so for nearly two thousand years. When the
Romans held sway over the country, nnd es
sayed to imprint upon the Teutons Roman
manners and customs, they did not only not
succeed, but the very attempts ot Tiberius iu
tho year 9 caused the downfall of Homan in
fluence in the defiles of the Westphalian
mountains. Surrounded by forcigu races in
the East, West and South, the Germans’ name,
language and national characteristic have,
nevertheless, been preserved] They are to
day emphatically what one of their most em
inent writers styles them—“unmixed, unde
filed, and only like unto themselves.”
In 1648 and 1697, by the treaties of peace
of Munster and Rvwick, valuable parts of
Germany were ceded to France by an imbo-
cile Emperor; though two hundred years
have elapsed and the provinces have remained
with the French Empire uninterruptedly, the
German language is still spoken everywhere, and
German habits prevail. Even on foreign con
tinents, as here, Germans for many years pre
serve their national characteristics. Lan
guage, habits and train of thought are trans
mitted lor generations. In several of cur
Southern States there are colonies, now over
one hundred years old, where this is the case,
and many ot us are acquainted with these
facts from personal observation. To say,
then, as lias been said, that a people which
has never been merged in other races, and
which with the greatest difficulty mixes with
an equal race, will be apt to fraternize, asso
ciate and politically unite with the inferior
race of the negro, would be to deny all his
torical landmarks and date in its favor; nor
could the assertion be proven by a citation of
facts. I have been led to speak about this at
length because the fact that Germans really
support in large numbers the Radicals would
seem to lead to the inference that they, not
alone theoretically, but also practically, strive
to approach political association with our in
ferior race. There are very strong evidences
which appear to show beyond a doubt that
the New England Yankee does not love the
negro, and only uses him to base and de
praved purposes. No sane man will believe
tbe Northern German, in that respect, stands
lower than his preceptor. Nay, the German
stands infinitely higher; and if we may here
adduce precedents from history, if there ever
is any general amalgamation of the negro
with tbc white man, which I deem to be
against all the laws of nature, it must com
mence with ia^es which merge into others
more readily than the Gcnnanic family does.
There are, it is true, but few Germans at the
South; but I think the fear that the Teutons
will ever become an injury politically can be
answered by a single question. Have not the
Germans ot the South, as an element, been as
true to you as any other class of foreign citi
zens, and have they not shown thereby that,
as soon as they become acquainted with your
customs and character, they ace as much for
you as the Germans of the North arc against
you ? I know of but one German traitor to
the South—Dr. Francis Licber. revolutionary
visionary, ardent slaveholder, now tool of the
fanatics, and keeper of Confederate archives,
whose name, but for the memory of his brave
son, who fought and fell for us, would have
been long since forgotten at the Sovftli.
The question now follows, how can the ad
vantages of our State for settlers be most
readily and profitably brought before the em
igrant ? Alter much reflection, I have deter
mined upon the following plan as most likely
to lead to this result: A united body of men,
possessing public spirit and entci prise—be it
a convention ot the planters of the State, or
the Legislature itself—should appoint a com
mittee to draw up a brief memoir of the cli
mate, soil, products, form of government, so
ciety, legal protection to immigrants, and
everything which may tend to give a com
plete picture of Georgia; and if this memoir
is approved and recommended by tbc Gov
ernor of the State, it will have additional
weight with the Germans. It should be trans
lated inio the German language, by, one
capable of doing so, with perfect
ease and fluency, and, supplied with a suffi
cient number ofcopies of this memoir, a
a competent agent hould be sent to the rural
districts ot Germany, to speak to the rural
populations, to smooth difficulties, to explain,
answer questions, give general information!;
and to leave in every village a number of
copies of the memoir. He points out to the
whole village the advantages of settlement in
this State, produces the different plans of set
tlement in bis possession (hereafter alluded
to), the arrangements which have been made
to secure a safe and easy passage to Savannah
as soon us a cargo is obtained, and finally ap
points, in the person of one of the promi
nent fanners of the village, liis agent, who, in
behalf of those who should wish to immigrate
to Georgia, corresponds with him. He goes
to tlie neighboring village. If he be a person
whose soul is in tlie movement, he will not
fail, by a proper upholding of the interest so
created, to see his arrival in other villages
eagerly expected. In the larger towns lie
should contiuc his operations to the delivery
of a lecture and the appointment of an agent.
His whole exertions should be concentrated
upon the rural population. As, with ship
pers in Bremen or Hamburg, arrangements
for the chartering of a vessello go to Savan-
dah can at any time be made, no delay need
occur as soon as first shipment is obtained.' 1
The first vessel, upon which so much de
pends, should be accompanied by a respon
sible person, whose duty it should be to watch
over the emigrants until they arrive nt their
future homes.
What, by these simple means, may be done
is best brought before you by a sketch of the
social organization of the German village—
the same in all States of Germany. These
villages comprise from eight hundred to one
thousand acres of land of all kinds—wood
meadow, and grain lands. A little stream, in
default of a larger one, runs always through
it; and high roads connecting the village
with the market town, as well as smaller roads
going to the different neighboring villages,
are i>lentiful. A village of eight hundred
acres may have some thirty or forty home
steads, and some two hundred to two hundred
and fifty people; one of ten thousand acres
has probably several hundred houses, with
several thousand inhabitants. The most in
dispensable mechanic-shops arc found
every one, as well as a church, school, stores,
tavern’and mill. The inhabitants are all ag
riculturists, and there arc few who, with a
homestead, do not own land sufficient to main
tain themselves. Many not only do this, but
surplus is left, which is carried, in the
shape ot fruit, grain or stock, to the neighbor
ing market town. Homepsun is generally
worn. The sheep raised on the farm give
the wool; linen, also home-made, supplies
the shirting, in tlie long winter days the wo
men supply the household with garments
for the* year. The whole village lies in a
cluster, often consisting of but one street;
nnd by means of the now very general sys
tem of “Separation,”? as it is there called, the
evils resulting from an ever-recurring parti
tion of lands have been obviated, and a far
mer’s property is now situated within easy
reach of his homestead. Thus, it will appear,
every farmer is pretty independent; many of
whom, indeed, own their agricultural ma
chines, which are loaned by turn to the less
wealthy for a small compensation. In many
5 and all kj
I
ier
of employment to them arc tli t
morality. They were the disciples of Louis "bottom of it In Germany, discourses on gov
emment were entirely confined, up to 1848,
to the higher classes, and in those classes
mostly bound to the throne carried on with
some degree of freedom: but as soon as any
one dared to “propagate,” he was exiled.
Since 1848, after a brief space of light, dark
ness has again set in over benighted Germa
ny. Newspapers, which here are political
engines, there are only what their name sig-
tColumbta, S. C. Commanded by Col, Tucker,
who 2s well acquainted with these tacts.
•Note.—James R. Butts, Esq., in a series of ad
mirable remarks made In support of Immigration
before the Board of Trade ot the city of Macon,
August 7th, ISoG, says: “I have a letter from a
gcnilcman who is the Largest exporter of timber
from the United States. He says that he will have
fifty or sixty ships coming over in ballast from Eu
rope the coming year, and that they can brir g
upon an average two hundred emigrants each,
at a mere nominal price of passage.”
tXote.-rSeparation is simply tho laying cut cf
large tracts and farms, form tbe many th a :.nd
little fields into which the property of a German
Cummune was formerly divided. It is done l-y
Government Engineers and paid for by the laud
owners themselves.
eminent forests, parcelled out into </
over each of which a forrester, or kr °
placed, and where from 100 to looo *
cutters and charcoal-burners are con
employed. This shows that small f anr - i
not, as is often thought, incompatibb 5
large establishments. The benefit i s ^
cal. While agriculture, as a science ca
be advanced by large farming establish
a system of small fanners in conjunct/^
plies all the laboring force needed /
former. It is not unfrequently the ca*/
despite a heavy rent to government / ‘
ant retires from the conduct of adoma/ !
a large fortune. The social organic 1:3
a German village is very simple. p 0 “* *
is the minister of the established cliurcl/
Hot alone watches over the spiritual * ■
of his flock, but lie is the adviser in a |i.
ly matters of importance. The Bur™,
(Mayor) conies next; lie is both them
fluential, intelligent and wealthy f Hrim
with the village trustees, orders and '
all the affairs of the Commune. TiicZ
master is by no means r.n unimponan* 1 .
sonage. Then conics the government t Z
cciver, also a farmer resident in tlie //I
whose probity and prosperity recc,™]-
him to the government for nppoimZr!
have never known a case, so frequently ?
ring here, where a government local of
the kind was selected from any other cl ..
nity. This tax receiver is oftentimes j , -
hcnevolcnt man, and frequently 3( |. "
money to his fellow-citizens in mou/id
distress,'for the purpose of meeting '
emment tax. These fourdignitarie., J
mayor, schoolmaster and tax rcceirer-'p
the opinions and control the actions of
entire village. Upon their verdict it del
whenever important matter is to be/
taken. In our endeavors to correctpreby
ancl stimulate emigration to our
their connteuance must be chiefly lookaN
to be successful. I am, therefore, mt ]
sanguine when I say, that these m tn l,
generally well educated nnd honest, if ,
can be made to feci that our offers are:,
real advantage of tlieir people, will i
support us. This conviction in their
is indispensable, and all that is acccsur]
Neither nwards offered nor florid ih-
tions would avail; the former would di;
the latter tisappoint—both lead to i
nre of the tnterprfse. It will have
been imagined that tbe plan upon
would repose tlie emigration movement, si
be as much is possible analogous to tbeh.1
its of the German people at home; the •.
lisliment ot village settlements. Gera
flock out Wist for many reasons: tlievtb
to find there a fine climate, they knowne
thing about those States, but principally
cause there tley find their countrymen ini
numbers, anc, I fancy, also because he
nature is apt to chime with the -hJ
crowd.” Germans brought here singly a
single families, finding no one to talk ta 3
sympathize with them in tlieir own logj
are niuyji easier discouraged than had
settled with others of their countrymen,
hard witter, tlie heavy labor of makigj
homestead out West, the shortness
seasons, art felt far less there, be< m
new settlors can obtain advice, eiice
ment and aid trom his own people witkLa
trouble. Instances not unfrequently oc;
when tipon the arrival cf sonic chefs
friend from the old country, the neigh:
turn out in a body and in a few days bs
blockhouse to shelter the new corners,
at the South, in a finer climate, with i
lent soil, a mild winter, and plenty 0 fti
to prepare land and put in seed, with e
probably a homestead ready for bin,, Lem
of bis isolation, any little <lisappointfcm:*|
fall much heavier upon him, and in hi; 4
agination assume the shape of a mnfonJ
The most obvious guards against hisj
village settlements in favorable loxfic|
wherein a number ot families from tie
village and locality in Germany shot]! j
induced to settle. A first success alto -
plan will lead to immediate consequent
Let us then go to work and lay out x'
ments. There are plenty of planters ’
possess plenty of fine lands, one-haf I
which laid out in small forms, would cau
tutc in time a flourishing settlement J
couple of liuudrcd thrifty settlers. Sdltii
lands to settlers, as they come, on the
conditions; rent them likewise, if so dear
to others who have not the means to t£
chase at once, with the privilege to taTI
You can afford to make your condition; '-1
as the surplus lands you hold are worthwl
ingto you, because you cannot cnfl
them. By assembling around you sb j
ous and thrifty population, you enhance J
value of your land, you hold yourself»T
fold ia a few years, and you have at hs*-1
all times, a willing and sufficient nun*J
reliable laborers. It one planter hi; 1
enough land himself, he can unite
neighbor and establish a ioint sett"'
In every county ot the State where i
lands can be found, the planters shoo.-
ganizc an association for these purpo^J
Central Bureau should be established n
vannah, and a gentleman placed at the ^
of it who has a thorough acquaintance ^
everything relative to the agricultural
tages and localities of the State. A cfy
the plans of settlement, as they are w -
should be filed at his office, while ■■
should be transmitted to the gentle®^ J
erator in Germany. These plans sn° :: j
tain: 1st. A sketch showing the estf-J
the settlement, with all natural j
marked on it, such as woods, meadows 1
arable lands, roads, rivers, creeks, tt • i
gether with the number of acres ofc^ a ;' r
2nd. A full description of these lands ^ 1
may be or lias been raised on them, a 0 ;,’
amount of each product per acre> , f*
there are any houses, suitable for
houses or other purposes; it 6110 'J
mentioned, also, whether thesettle> fle " A
suitable place for a grain-mill and
together with all the information tba J
given us to climate, case of access to |
either by rail, river or road. vd
4th. The terms under which the
be disposed of should be explicd'. - J
also whether any latitude is given t e jf
to modify these terms. The plan 3 3 -l J
well examined by the Commission
nah. A certificate, under seat ofA/
the County Cburt, as to tbe wortm N.j
the information given, as well as to tn.
rity ot parties offering the lands, .^1
an important influence on the op e “\. s -,|
the German agent; as agents arc
distrusted, by reason of the t
which Northern agents have p ra £:'
emigrants from Germany, eyery thi®!^ A
be done to meet all inquiries an, ^1
suspicions. The planter need not giH
to the expense of having the settie^j
ularly surveyed; a plain, rough - _ ( -
containing the information above cm
is all that would be] now necesS* 1 !- ^
the first f illers come the survey :
made in regular form. If tu y,
ia Convention aasem 01 . 00 ’ •
icn:s to do something towards
they must not delay it. The r.w-
-ary to inaugurate tire movement